Integrated Business Planning
How To Best Meet Your Mission
Presented to the Association for Progressive Communication October 15 -16, 1998
by Charles P. Sitkin, Consultant in affiliation with Carnegie-Mellon University
Outline of Presentation
Evolution of Management Concerns Strategic Planning The Mission Strategic Excellence Positions Goals and Objectives Action Plans Operating Plan and Budget Results Management
Integrated Planning Process
STRATEGIC PLAN
OPERATIONAL PLAN
RESULTS MANAGEMENT
Mission Goals Objectives Strategies Financial Projectio ns
Analyses Key Result Areas Operational Objectives Performance Indicators Action Plans Budgets
Control System Results Corrective Action Reward System
The Evolution of Management Concerns
Evolution of Management Concerns
Strategic Planning
Business, Operational, Strategic ?
Business Plan
Normally prepared to acquire financing
Operational Plan
Identifies specific results to be accomplished within a given time period
Budget
Expresses operational plan in financial terms
Strategic Plan
Identifies the basic concept and direction of an organization
Strategic Planning Process
The Mission
“I firmly believe that any organization in order to survive and achieve success must have a sound set of beliefs on which it premises all its policies and actions... “Next I believe that the most important single factor in corporate success is faithful adherence to those beliefs...
“And, finally I believe if an organization is to meet the challenge of a changing world, it must be prepared to change everything about itself except those beliefs as it moves through corporate life.” Thomas Watson, Jr.
The Mission
Purpose Values
Mission
Shared purposes provide FOCUS by driving strategy. Shared values provide CONTROL by guiding execution.
Example Mission Statements
Bread Machine Industry Association
The mission of the BMIA is to expand and promote the long-term growth and use of all aspects of the bread machine industry for the mutual benefit of our members and consumers.
Freehold Actors’ Studio & Lab
The mission of Freehold is to deepen the transformational power of theatre to inspire through education, experimentation, and performance.
Strategic Excellence Positions
Strategic Excellence Positions
Without focus
Strategic Excellence Positions
Strategic Excellence Positions
Strategic success means to achieve better and more stable results than the competition. Achieving that requires superior competence, or the ability to excel, in a set of distinctive capabilities which have special value to a particular part of the marketplace. Note that excellence by itself is not enough. It must be excellence in areas of strategic significance, i.e., that determine the outcome of competition in the marketplace.
That strategic excellence then forms the basis for the organization to achieve better results than the competition. In this sense it is a position which the organization “occupies” from which follows strategic success.
Strategic Excellence Positions
Co m p a ny
H o n da Gi lle t te R o lls Ro y c e M icr o s oft A P C N o des
SEP
Q u ality In n ov a ti on S ta t us /Pre s ti ge In te g ra tio n ?
SEP Example
BMIA Example Provide for the Unified Presence of the bread machine industry category in its marketplace Provide for intra-industry communications within the bread machine industry.
Goals
Goals
Define the key areas in which to expect strategic results and what is expected. Not measurable as stated, but contain factors that will be measurable as Objectives.
With Mission and SEPs determine what Objectives should be selected.
Objectives
Objectives
Statement of measurable results. Tied to Goals, provide the basis for operational planning and budgeting.
Four general characteristics:
Starts with the word “To” Specifies a single measurable result Specifies a target date or time span for Completion Must be realistic and attainable, but represents a significant challenge.
Goal and Objectives Example
Goal One
Educate consumers about the benefits of bread machines, facilitate their purchase decisions, and encourage usage.
Objectives
1.1 To create a media kit for distribution to key newspapers, magazines, and the 1997 Housewares Show by January 10, 1997. 1.3 To host a New York City magazine editors event "Coming Out Party" for all new bread machine products (members Only) by June 30, 1997. 1.4 To explore partnerships with like minded industry associations for the purpose of producing a jointly sponsored media campaign in 1997.
1.6 To evaluate and report on the possibility of a BMIA web page by August 31, 1997.
Three Classes of Objectives
Innovative
Problem Solving
Regular/Routine
Action Plans
Action Plans
Specify steps or actions required to attain an objective. Designate who will be held accountable for seeing the each step or action is completed. Define when these steps or actions will be carried out.
Define resources needed to be allocated in order to carry out the required steps or actions. Define feedback mechanisms needed to monitor progress within each action step.
Action Plan
Project Title Objective:
Action Steps
Accountability Primary Others Start
Schedule Complete
Resources Dollars Time
Feedback Mechanism
Operational Plans
Integrated Planning Process
STRATEGIC PLAN
OPERATIONAL PLAN
RESULTS MANAGEMENT
Mission Goals Objectives Strategies Financial Projectio ns
Analyses Key Result Areas Operational Objectives Performance Indicators Action Plans Budgets
Control System Results Corrective Action Reward System
Comprehensive Business Planning
Objectives
Laws and Regulations
Strategy Vision Goals Mission Statement Action Plans
Strategy
Annual Ops Plan & Budget
Issues
Strategy
Operational Planning Framework
Operational Objectives
Statements of measurable results to be accomplished within the time frame of the operational plan. Standards of performance related to financial and operating results that can be tracked on a regular basis.
Budgeting
Determine the level of financial resources required to achieve the operational plan’s objectives. Allocate available financial resources to ensure their optimum use in achieving the plan’s objectives. Control the use of available resources to ensure the achievement of plan objectives.
Budgeting Problems
Budgets can grow to be so complex that they become expensive, cumbersome, and even meaningless Budget objectives may come to supersede enterprise objectives—budgets should be considered a tool, not an end in themselves. Enterprise goals should supersede business unit plans Budgets may contribute to inefficiencies by continuing initial expenditures without proper evaluation Budgets as a pressure device defeat their basic purpose
Results Management
Integrated Planning Process
STRATEGIC PLAN
OPERATIONAL PLAN
RESULTS MANAGEMENT
Mission Goals Objectives Strategies Financial Projectio ns
Analyses Key Result Areas Operational Objectives Performance Indicators Action Plans Budgets
Control System Results Corrective Action Reward System
Results management
Control Systems Management Reports Organizational results Individual Results Corrective Action Reward System
“I believe the real difference between success and failure in a corporation can very often be traced to the question of how well the organization brings out the great energies and talents of its people. What does it do to help these people find common cause with each other? And how can it sustain this common cause and sense of direction through the many changes which take place from one generation to another...”
“The basic philosophy, spirit, and drive of an organization have far more to do with its relative achievements than do technological or economic resources, organizational structure, innovation, and timing. All these things weigh heavily in success. But they are, I think, transcended by how strongly the people in the organization believe in its basic precepts and faithfully they carry them out.” Thomas Watson, Jr.
Supporting Discussions
Issues Analyses
Steps in Operational Analysis
1. Identify Issues 2. Prioritize Issues
3. Analyze Issues
4. Summarize Issues
Major Conclusions Alternative Courses of Action
Identify Issues
Most critical issues facing the business unit, what might be their impact. Issues likely to have greatest effect on profitability. Issues likely to have greatest effect on long-term success of the business unit. What changes have taken/will take place effecting the business units performance in the coming year. What cross-functional problems or opportunities are likely to have impact on the business unit’s performance. What are major impediments to conforming to your Mission.
Analyze Issues
What is the Issue. What data/information is available (or needed) to resolve the issue. What appear to be the factors causing this to be an issue for the organization. What types of results are needed in this area.
Key Result Areas
Key Result Areas Guidelines
Those 4 to 6 major areas wherein performance is essential during the coming year. Include both financial and non-financial areas. Will not cover the entire organization—will identify the critical few areas where priority efforts should be directed. Most will require cross-functional effort. Each will be limited, generally, to 2 or 3 words and will not be measurable as stated, but will contain factors that could be measurable.
Indicators of Performance
Measurable factors, falling logically within a given key result area, on which objectives may be set. May be hard numbers, percentages, significant achievements, or problems to be overcome. Identify what will be measured, not how much or in which direction. Represent factors that can be measured on an ongoing basis.
Example Indicators of Performance
Key Results Areas
Indicators of Performance
Return/ Profit
Productivity
People development Market penetration
Return on Revenue Donations to Sales Ratio Net profit $ sales per employee Units produced/month Percent ethnic hire Days of training/employee Percent of market share Percent growth by product
Strategies
Competitive Intensity
Strategic Implementation
Direct Means Indirect Means
Time Related Aspects.
Direct Means
Action Plans and Project Plans Procedures/Management Systems Planning and Budgeting
Management Information Systems Organizational Structure.
Indirect Means
Communication
Symbolic Actions
Institutionalizing Actions Fostering Innovation
Corporate Culture.
Time Related Aspects
Research and Development
Manufacturing Life Cycle
Marketing Cycle Economic Trends
Competition.
Strategic Plan Outline
Executive Summary Current Situation and Vision Critical Issues Mission Strategic Excellence Positions Goals and Objectives Action Plans
Operational Plan Content
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. Executive Summary Business Unit Description Product and Services Operational Analysis: Issues and Conclusions Key Result Areas & Indicators of Performance Operational Objectives Action Plans Budgets Plan Implementation and Review Schedule Appendices