TABLE B–110.—Foreign exchange rates, 1981–2001 [Foreign currency units per U.S. dollar, except as noted; certified noon buying rates in New York] Period Mar-73 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2000: I II III IV 2001: I II III IV Canada (dollar) EMU Members (euro) 1 2 0.9967 ...... 1.1990 1.2344 1.2325 1.2952 1.3659 1.3896 1.3259 1.2306 1.1842 1.1668 1.1460 1.2085 1.2902 1.3664 1.3725 1.3638 1.3849 1.4836 1.4858 1.4855 1.5487 1.4539 1.4809 1.4824 1.5257 1.5285 1.5411 1.5449 1.5806 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 1.0653 0.9232 0.8952 0.9859 0.9334 0.9042 0.8682 0.9220 0.8736 0.8908 0.8951 Belgium (franc) 1 39.408 37.195 45.781 51.122 57.752 59.337 44.664 37.358 36.785 39.409 33.424 34.195 32.148 34.581 33.426 29.472 30.970 35.807 36.310 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... France (franc) 1 4.5156 5.4397 6.5794 7.6204 8.7356 8.9800 6.9257 6.0122 5.9595 6.3802 5.4467 5.6468 5.2935 5.6669 5.5459 4.9864 5.1158 5.8393 5.8995 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... Germany Netherland Italy (lira) 1 (mark) 1 s (guilder)1 2.8132 2.2632 2.4281 2.5539 2.8455 2.9420 2.1705 1.7981 1.7570 1.8808 1.6166 1.6610 1.5618 1.6545 1.6216 1.4321 1.5049 1.7348 1.7597 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 568.17 1,138.58 1,354.00 1,519.32 1,756.11 1,908.88 1,491.16 1,297.03 1,302.39 1,372.28 1,198.27 1,241.28 1,232.17 1,573.41 1,611.49 1,629.45 1,542.76 1,703.81 1,736.85 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 2.8714 2.4999 2.6719 2.8544 3.2085 3.3185 2.4485 2.0264 1.9778 2.1219 1.8215 1.8720 1.7587 1.8585 1.8190 1.6044 1.6863 1.9525 1.9837 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
1 United Kingdom (pound)2 3.2171 2.4724 1.9675 2.0319 2.1007 2.3500 2.4552 1.7979 1.4918 1.4643 1.6369 1.3901 1.4356 1.4064 1.4781 1.3667 1.1812 1.2361 1.4514 1.4506 1.5045 1.6904 1.6891 1.6312 1.6759 1.7088 1.7469 1.6636 1.7505 1.6930 1.6473 2.0243 1.7480 1.5159 1.3368 1.2974 1.4677 1.6398 1.7813 1.6382 1.7841 1.7674 1.7663 1.5016 1.5319 1.5785 1.5607 1.6376 1.6573 1.6172 1.5156 1.4396 1.6055 1.5320 1.4773 1.4462 1.4581 1.4212 1.4373 1.4426
ing rates in New York] Japan (yen) 261.90 220.63 249.06 237.55 237.46 238.47 168.35 144.60 128.17 138.07 145.00 134.59 126.78 111.08 102.18 93.96 108.78 121.06 130.99 113.73 107.80 121.57 106.96 106.72 107.73 109.85 118.25 122.62 121.63 123.74 Sweden (krona) 4.4294 5.0660 6.2839 7.6718 8.2708 8.6032 7.1273 6.3469 6.1370 6.4559 5.9231 6.0521 5.8258 7.7956 7.7161 7.1406 6.7082 7.6446 7.9522 8.2740 9.1735 10.3425 8.6163 8.8663 9.3073 9.9208 9.7698 10.4477 10.5655 10.5838 Switzerlan d (franc)
Trade-weighted value of the U.S. dollar Nominal G–10 index (March 1973=100)3 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2000: I II III IV 2001: I II III IV
1
Real 7 OITP index (January 1997=100)6 4.1 5.3 7.1 9.4 12.8 16.0 19.3 23.4 29.0 39.5 46.1 52.6 63.1 80.6 92.6 98.3 104.7 126.0 129.9 130.3 136.3 128.8 129.6 130.0 132.9 135.1 136.1 136.9 137.3 Broad index (March 1973=100)4 96.6 106.0 110.1 117.1 122.2 107.0 98.4 91.8 93.3 90.8 89.3 87.4 88.2 87.9 85.5 87.4 92.1 100.1 99.4 102.9 108.9 99.7 102.3 103.5 105.9 107.1 109.6 109.3 109.6
Broad index (January 1997=100)4
103.4 116.6 125.3 138.2 143.0 112.2 96.9 92.7 98.6 89.1 89.8 86.6 93.2 91.3 84.2 87.3 96.4 98.8 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
Major currencies index (March 1973=100)5 38.1 103.6 44.2 49.9 57.0 64.1 59.9 58.3 59.0 65.1 70.2 73.3 76.1 82.9 90.4 92.5 97.4 114.2 118.1 125.8 130.5 107.2 94.8 88.2 91.9 87.9 86.4 84.9 87.1 85.6 80.8 84.6 91.2 95.8 94.1 98.3 104.3 94.7 97.4 99.1 102.2 102.0 105.4 104.5 105.4
104.4 116.5 116.9 119.7 126.1 116.8 118.7 120.0 123.2 124.0 126.7 126.4 127.2
European Economic and Monetary Union members include Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and beginning in 2001, Greece. 2 U.S. dollars per foreign currency unit.
3 4 5 6 7
G-10 comprises the individual countries shown in this table. Discontinued after December 1998. Weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the dollar against the currencies of a broad group of U.S. trading partners. Subset of the broad index. Includes currencies of the euro area, Australia, Canada, Japan, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Subset of the broad index. Includes other important U.S. trading partners (OITP) whose currencies are not heavily traded outside their home markets.
Adjusted for changes in the consumer price index. Note.—Nominal and real indexes reflect updated currency weights available in early January 2002. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
U.S. dollar Real 7 Major currencies index (March 1973=100)5 100.4 109.0 110.5 117.7 121.7 99.1 88.7 83.5 87.7 84.7 83.0 81.8 84.4 84.0 80.2 85.3 92.6 97.7 97.1 103.2 110.8 98.9 102.1 104.2 107.6 108.2 111.8 110.9 112.3
OITP index (March 1973=100)6 88.7 99.3 108.4 114.9 122.8 126.8 124.1 113.7 108.4 107.3 106.4 102.9 100.2 100.0 99.7 96.7 97.8 110.6 109.6 109.9 114.3 107.9 110.0 110.2 111.4 113.3 114.8 115.2 114.1
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal,
ng partners. traded outside their home markets.
and the United Kingdom.