TABLE B–110.—Foreign exchange rates, 1979–2000 [Foreign currency units per U.S. dollar, except as noted; certified noon buying rates in New York] Period Mar-73 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1999: I II III IV 2000: I II III Canada (dollar) EMU Members (euro) 1 2 0.9967 ... 1.1713 1.1693 1.1990 1.2344 1.2325 1.2952 1.3659 1.3896 1.3259 1.2306 1.1842 1.1668 1.1460 1.2085 1.2902 1.3664 1.3725 1.3638 1.3849 1.4836 1.4858 1.5120 1.4733 1.4865 1.4724 1.4539 1.4809 1.4824 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0653 1.1204 1.0567 1.0493 1.0368 0.9859 0.9334 0.9042 Belgium (franc) 1 39.408 29.342 29.238 37.195 45.781 51.122 57.752 59.337 44.664 37.358 36.785 39.409 33.424 34.195 32.148 34.581 33.426 29.472 30.970 35.807 36.310 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... France (franc) 1 4.5156 4.2567 4.2251 5.4397 6.5794 7.6204 8.7356 8.9800 6.9257 6.0122 5.9595 6.3802 5.4467 5.6468 5.2935 5.6669 5.5459 4.9864 5.1158 5.8393 5.8995 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Germany Netherland Italy (lira) 1 (mark) 1 s (guilder)1 2.8132 1.8343 1.8175 2.2632 2.4281 2.5539 2.8455 2.9420 2.1705 1.7981 1.7570 1.8808 1.6166 1.6610 1.5618 1.6545 1.6216 1.4321 1.5049 1.7348 1.7597 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 568.17 831.11 856.21 1138.58 1354.00 1519.32 1756.11 1908.88 1491.16 1297.03 1302.39 1372.28 1198.27 1241.28 1232.17 1573.41 1611.49 1629.45 1542.76 1703.81 1736.85 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.8714 2.0073 1.9875 2.4999 2.6719 2.8544 3.2085 3.3185 2.4485 2.0264 1.9778 2.1219 1.8215 1.8720 1.7587 1.8585 1.8190 1.6044 1.6863 1.9525 1.9837 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
0 United Kingdom (pound)2 3.2171 2.4724 1.6644 1.6772 1.9675 2.0319 2.1007 2.3500 2.4552 1.7979 1.4918 1.4643 1.6369 1.3901 1.4356 1.4064 1.4781 1.3667 1.1812 1.2361 1.4514 1.4506 1.5045 1.4288 1.5143 1.5274 1.5447 1.6312 1.6759 1.7088 2.1224 2.3246 2.0243 1.7480 1.5159 1.3368 1.2974 1.4677 1.6398 1.7813 1.6382 1.7841 1.7674 1.7663 1.5016 1.5319 1.5785 1.5607 1.6376 1.6573 1.6172 1.6321 1.6061 1.6019 1.6295 1.6055 1.5320 1.4773
ing rates in New York] Japan (yen) 261.90 219.02 226.63 220.63 249.06 237.55 237.46 238.47 168.35 144.60 128.17 138.07 145.00 134.59 126.78 111.08 102.18 93.96 108.78 121.06 130.99 113.73 116.67 120.80 113.15 104.31 106.96 106.72 107.73 Sweden (krona) 4.4294 4.2893 4.2310 5.0660 6.2839 7.6718 8.2708 8.6032 7.1273 6.3469 6.1370 6.4559 5.9231 6.0521 5.8258 7.7956 7.7161 7.1406 6.7082 7.6446 7.9522 8.2740 8.0098 8.4258 8.3087 8.3404 8.6163 8.8663 9.3073 Switzerlan d (franc)
Trade-weighted value of the U.S. dollar Nominal G–10 index (March 1973=100)3 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1999: I II III IV 2000: I II III
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Real 7 OITP index (January 1997=100)6 3.7 4.0 4.6 5.8 7.7 10.0 13.4 16.6 19.9 23.9 29.4 40.0 46.7 53.1 63.6 81.0 92.6 98.3 104.7 126.0 129.9 130.8 129.2 129.7 130.1 128.9 130.4 131.0 Broad index (March 1973=100)4 87.0 89.1 95.5 104.8 108.7 115.5 120.7 105.9 97.6 91.0 92.5 90.0 88.6 86.7 87.6 87.3 84.7 86.6 91.2 99.3 98.7 98.2 99.3 99.1 98.0 99.1 101.8 103.2
Broad index (January 1997=100)4
88.1 87.4 103.4 116.6 125.3 138.2 143.0 112.2 96.9 92.7 98.6 89.1 89.8 86.6 93.2 91.3 84.2 87.3 96.4 98.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Major currencies index (March 1973=100)5 33.5 94.9 34.6 38.2 44.3 49.8 56.7 63.8 59.7 58.1 58.8 64.8 70.0 73.2 76.0 82.9 90.5 92.5 97.4 94.8 103.6 114.2 118.1 125.8 130.5 107.2 94.8 88.2 91.9 87.9 86.4 84.9 87.1 85.6 80.8 84.6 91.2 95.8 94.1 93.5 95.5 94.5 92.7 94.7 97.5 99.2
104.4 116.5 116.9 116.7 117.6 117.1 116.0 116.9 119.4 120.9
European Economic and Monetary Union members include Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, U.S. dollars per foreign currency unit. G–10 comprises the countries shown in this table. Discontinued after December 1998. The broad index is a weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the dollar against the currencies of a broad group of U.S. trading partners. Subset of the broad index. Includes currencies of the euro area (see footnote 1), Australia, Canada, Japan, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Subset of the broad index. Includes other important U.S. trading partners (OITP) whose currencies are not heavily traded outside their home markets.
Adjusted for changes in the consumer price index. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
U.S. dollar Real 7 Major currencies index (March 1973=100)5 88.0 90.9 100.0 108.4 109.9 117.2 121.1 98.8 88.4 83.3 87.4 84.3 82.6 81.5 84.2 83.8 79.9 85.0 92.3 97.3 96.7 95.6 98.1 97.4 95.9 98.6 101.9 104.0
OITP index (March 1973=100)6 84.5 85.1 87.1 97.4 105.7 111.8 119.5 123.3 120.6 110.7 105.7 104.8 103.9 100.7 98.1 97.8 97.1 94.4 95.6 108.2 107.4 107.8 107.2 107.6 107.1 106.0 108.1 108.5
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and
d group of U.S. trading partners. traded outside their home markets.
en, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.