International security
and nuclear proliferation.
Nuclear proliferation
Nuclear
proliferation is a hot-button issue in the 20th and 21st centuries Nuclear Weapons = power The membership in Nuclear Club is still too attractive
A concept of deterrence
definition: a bluff in “higher circles” Deterrence was an inalienable feature of the Cold War System A need of shift from deterrence to cooperation and interaction A new challenge – extremist groups
A concept of deterrence
(continue)
Extremists don’t respect the system of negotiations, they just work A threat of possession NW by terrorists As a consequence – a sensitization of violent methods of squaring the situation A break in Antiterrorist Camp
Nuclear Club expansion
The
concept of “Realpolitik” is living Iraq and NW: US secret service bluffed NPT-treaty is of great value NW is a threat to the world, not only to the concrete state
Atomic power
Reuters, ITAR-TASS, IAEA materials
Atomic energetic ratio of national energy field, %
76 France Lithuania 73 57 53 47 45 42 41 39 38 33 32 31 28 22 20 15
Is there any alternative to atomic power today? The most profitable power nowadays
Belgium Slovakia Ukraine Bulgaria Hungary S.Korea Sweden Switzerland Armenia Finland Germany Spain Britain USA Russia
Used Nuclear Fuel and Radio Waste Product
Level of radioactivity of RWP (depending on time),%
100 80 60 40 20 0 10 days
12 4,5 2,8 1,96 1,4 0,64 100
The issue of handling UNF The problem of RWP (its accumulation) Russia is going to be a “tip” of world NWP?
3 10 40 years years years
UNF and RWP
Reuters,ITAR-TASS, OECD/IEA
Volumes of UNF of states - members of Organization of economic cooperatition and development (tons)
40645
62685
The problem of UNF accumulation must be solved on international level
USA
8217
France
22230 13214
7029
Japan
5248
Canada
37738
4729
England S.Korea
13568 8425
4150 2980
6500 14100
Sweden
2933
Germany
2250
Spain Belgium Finland
4890
1030 845
3000 1530
by 2001 whole capacity
An understanding of NW threat
The process of Nuclear proliferation must be controlled by international organizations –IAEA –NEA –others
Two ways of international relations development
Increasing the number of nuclear weapons means providing for national security Interaction of states (concerning the issue of reducing NW) means providing for international security