Biology 5100 Marking Scheme/Marker’s Report Sec 3 Common Test #2 2007 Q 11 (a)(i) (a)(ii) Marking Scheme Urine Sweat Comments R: Urea. R: Water vapour A: Perspiration R: Respiration/Expiration. R: unused food/Urination/Urine/Faeces. A: Dehydration. R: Drinking more water/Urine becomes more concentrated. No marks for describing2nd marking point without specifying situation. Comments R: wrong sequence/missing number(s) given. Marks [1] [1] [1] [1] [2]
(a)(iii) Water vapour in expired air (a)(iv) With undigested food/faeces / A/W. (b) During a cross-country run / after vigorous exercise. Accept any possible alternatives given; Less urine produced and amount of water reabsorbed by kidneys would increase.
Q 12 (a)
Marking Scheme 3 The bicuspid/tricuspid valves are pushed open. 7 Blood enters the arteries. 1 Blood enters the atria from the veins. 4 Blood is pushed into the ventricles. 2 The atria contract. 6 The semilunar valves are pushed open. 5 The ventricles contract.
Marks [1]
(b)
R: missing number(s) for each diagram.
[3]
5, 6, 7 [1]; (c)(i) Left side;
2, 3, 4 [1];
1 [1]. A: Ref. To oxygenated blood being pumped to all parts of body/body tissues under high pressure. Well answered by pupils. A: Ref. to lower pressure to pump blood from atrium to ventricle. [2]
Highest level of pressure measured.
(c)(ii)
Line 1: Blood pressure in left atria; Negative pressure when ventricle is in systole and pressure rises as it fills with blood from pulmonary vein; (A/W) Line 2: Blood pressure in left ventricle; High pressure necessary because blood is being pumped out to the rest of the body; Line 3: Blood pressure in aorta; High as that of the ventricle but does not drop so much
[6]
Well answered by pupils.
R: Pressure lower as blood flows further from heart.
due to elastic walls of the arteries to help maintain the pressure. (A/W)
(d)
Q 13
P: Systole; Q: Diastole; R: Semilunar valves open; S: Bicuspid/tricuspid valves open. Marking Scheme (Inhalation) External intercostals muscles contract, internal intercostals muscles relax; Ribs are raised upwards and outwards; At the same time, diaphragm muscles contract and Diaphragm flattens; Air pressure in lungs decreases as thoracic cavity enlarges; Air rushes in for gaseous exchange to occur; (Exhalation) Internal intercostals muscles contract, external intercostals muscles relax; Rib cage swings downwards and inwards; At the same time, diaphragm muscles relax and diaphragm arches upwards/diaphragm becomes domeshaped; Air pressure in lungs increases as thoracic cavity decreases in volume; Air is forced out of lungs.
(Distance not reflected in graph given) Award correct explanation mark if chamber name(s) are correct but (left) location not specified in answer. Pupils give multiple answers on each blank.
[2]
Comments R: References to expansion of muscles/Expansion of ribcage. I: Adaptations of alveoli for gaseous exchange/Details on gaseous exchange were given. R: sp: sterum/diagphragm Extercostal muscles. sp: intercoastal muscles.
Marks [10]