Name: ________________________
Pd: _______
Date: ________
Introduction to Biology Notes What is biology?
•From Greek βιολογία - βίος, bios, "_________"; -λογία, -logia, “__________” •The study of ________ organisms and how they interact with their __________. •Biology deals with every aspect of life in a living organism and examines the structure,
__________, growth, origin, ______________, and distribution of living things. Hierarchy of Life
• _______________ = “a series of ordered groupings of things within a system” •All organisms can be broken down into ____________ and ___________ parts •8 different levels: ________________________
1)_________________ (DNA)- The smallest part of biological systems.
2) ________________ (mitochondria)- A specialized compartment of a cell that performs specific functions 3) _________________ (smooth muscle cell)- The smallest unit capable of life. 4) _________________ (smooth muscle tissue)- Specialized group of cells performing a specific function 5) _________________ (stomach)- A group of tissues that perform a specific function. 6) _________________ (digestive system)- A group of organs that perform a specific function. 7) _________________ (tiger)- One single individual of a species. 8) _________________ (jungle)- Includes all living organisms and non-living matter. (A community is all the living organisms) History Ancient Times (8th century BCE -13th century) The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the ___________ century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to ______________ ______________. _____________ was a prominent physician in the 150’s, whose theories dominated Western medical science for over a millennium.
_____________ not only studied almost every subject possible during his lifetime, but made significant contributions to most of them. He introduced the fundamental notion that nature is composed of things that change and that studying such changes can provide useful knowledge
Renaissance (14th through the 17th century) During the ________________ and early modern period, biological thought was revolutionized by a renewed interest in _______________ and the discovery of many novel organisms. Prominent in this movement was _________________, who performed experiments and careful observations in anatomy and physiology. Naturalists such as ___________, who began to classify the diversity of life and the fossil record, as well as the ______________ and _____________ of organisms. 18th and 19th centuries Biological sciences such as _______________ and _______________ became increasingly professional scientific disciplines. ______________ began to reject essentialism and consider the importance of extinction and the mutability of species. Explorer-naturalists such as ___________________________ investigated the interaction between _______________ and their _________________, and the ways this relationship depends on geography—laying the foundations for biogeography, ecology and ethology. _________________ and other physical scientists began to connect the animate and inanimate worlds through physics and chemistry. These developments, as well as the results from embryology and paleontology, were synthesized _________________________theory of evolution by natural selection. 20th century The rediscovery of ____________________ work led to the rapid development of the concept of ________________________. By the late 20th century, new fields like genomics were investigating heredity and variation in living organisms.