CHAPTER 9 STUDY GUIDE Socrates asks “How Should We Live?” Freedom is not absolute, it is limited. Moral viewpoint is based on what is the case? What ought to be the case. Morality-a set of norms designed to regulate and govern the conduct of humans with one another, living creatures and the environment. Ethics-the philosophical study of morality. Religions IDENTIFY moral norms LEGITIMATE moral norms MOTIVATE people to shape their lives by living religious norms RENEW moral commitments CRITIZE moral norms. Religion uses retribution and guilt to motivate moral commitments. Moral goodness is what GOD commands, moral wrongness is what GOD prohibits Ahimsa-Nonviolence SHARIA-Islam’s divine law ULAMA- Muslim religious authorities who administer and interprets Muslim law. ANALECTS- a collection of Confucius saying and teachings of his pupils. Confucius taught de(virtue), ren(human excellence, love). Ideal human nature SHU-seeing someone else as being like yourself ZHONG-Doing your best for others LI-propriety, manners, etiquette XIAO- respect for one’s elders, parents YI- rightness or what is fitting Duty ethics-our primary moral obligation is to do our duty. (Deontological Ethics) Virtue ethics- our primary moral guides are people who exhibit moral excellence or moral character. Islamic ethics seeks to produce the obedient person. Confucian ethics seeks to produce a virtuous person. Natural Law Theory- Morality is built into the structure of the universe.