TIPS FOR A GOOD DIET IN DIABETES - DOC - DOC

							TIPS FOR A GOOD DIET IN DIABETES                                      USEFUL INFORMATION
AVOID OR LIMIT INTAKE OF:
Sugary sweet foods-including fizzy drinks, cakes
Animal fats—including dairy products (butter, cheeses etc)
                                                                  TELEPHONE NUMBERS
                                                                                                                                         DIABETIC CLINIC
                                                                  Medical Centre                       01234 123456
                                                                                                                                                MEDICAL CENTRE
LOOK FOR:
                                                                  Community Nurses                     01234 123456
                                                                                                                                                  ANYTOWN
Starchy carbohydrate foods—bread, pasta, potatoes, rice,
       cereals
                                                                  Health Visitor                       01234 123456
Fibre-rich foods—including good quality cereals, fruit &
        vegetables                                                Repeat Prescriptions                 01234 123456

Monounsaturated fats                                                                                                                ‘A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE, INCLUDING EXERCISE
  **Grill, steam, oven bake or microwave instead of frying**      Diabetes UK (Scotland)               0141 332 2700                     AND A GOOD BALANCED DIET, IS THE
                                                                                                                                   CORNERSTONE OF GOOD DIABETES MANAGEMENT’
COMMON DRUGS USED FOR DIABETES—these
may be used alone or together in various combinations
Metformin—to be taken with or after meals. Acts by making
      the tissues more sensitive to the effects of insulin.       WEBSITE ADDRESSES
      Almost never causes a ‘hypo’ (low blood sugar) on its
      own.
Gliclazide, glimepiride, glibenclamide—these are all drugs of     Diabetes UK                     www.diabetes.org.uk
       the ‘sulphonylurea’ group of drugs which act by            NHS Highland Diabetes MCN www.diabetes-
       stimulating the release of insulin. They should be taken
       approximately 20 minutes before eating.                                                            highland.scot.nhs.uk
Glitazones (including Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone). These            LOCAL HEALTH IMPROVEMENT
       are newer drugs and their exact place in the management
       of Diabetes is yet to be determined.                                              INITIATIVES
Repaglinide and Nateglinide—newer drugs which also
      stimulate insulin release. Not very commonly used.
Acarbose—less used nowadays because it tends to cause             Weight Management Group & Clinic (Lochcarron) - run by
      diarrhoea. Acts by reducing the absorption of sugar.        ????? ??????? with assistant ?????. Its aim is to provide
                                                                  community group support for people living in or around
Insulin—this is seldom necessary in Type 2 Diabetes               XXXXXXXX who want to lose weight (and keep it off) Tel:
COMMON ADDITIONAL DRUGS-                                          01234 123456

Aspirin—to ‘thin’ the blood and help prevent heart attacks and    Cookery Demonstrations—run by ?????? ???? and ?????
       strokes                                                    ??????? (Tel: 01234 123456). These aim to offer people support
                                                                  and inspiration to eat more healthily.
Statins—including Simvastatin and Atorvastatin—these
       drugs lower cholesterol and help prevent heart attacks     XXXXXXXX Leisure Centre-this boasts a swimming pool
       and strokes                                                and a fitness area. There may be advice available regarding
ACE Inhibitors-(all end with’-opril’) - used to reduce Blood      specific exercises suited to your needs. Tel: 012345 123456
     Pressure and delay progression of Kidney Disease
ANYTOWN DIABETIC CLINIC
The clinic is run by Dr ???? and ???? ?????? and takes place
                                                                         DIABETIC CLINIC TESTS                                                  TIPS ON UNDERSTANDING
                                                                                                                                                       DIABETES
                                                                                           (IN MORE DETAIL)
throughout the year.
Diabetes describes a condition where the body cannot make
                                                                     Practice Diabetic Clinic:                                          Diabetes is diagnosed when the blood sugar level in your blood
proper use of the carbohydrate in food. This results in high
                                                                                                                                               is too high
sugar levels in the blood.                                           Blood & Urine Tests
                                                                                                                                        This can result either because the body is not producing
Diabetes may be Type 1 or Type 2:                                    HbA1c—also known as Glycosylated Haemoglobin— sent to
                                                                                                                                               enough insulin or because the body tissues have
                                                                          lab in a PINK tube. This is an accurate measure of your
Type 1—usually younger people and due to a severe deficiency                                                                                   become resistant to the effects of insulin—or to a
                                                                          diabetic control over the last 6-8 weeks. Aim for a value            combination of both of these factors
of insulin. It usually develops quickly (over weeks). Patients are
                                                                          less than 7.5%
always treated with insulin.
                                                                                                                                        Common symptoms of Diabetes include : thirst, dry mouth,
                                                                     eGFR—also known as the test of kidney function– sent to lab
Type 2– often older people and often overweight. The main                                                                                    visiting the toilet frequently to pass water (especially
                                                                         in an ORANGE tube. Values less than 60 possibly
problem is thought to be a resistance of the body tissues to the                                                                             during the night), tiredness, weight loss, genital itching
                                                                         indicate some kidney damage.
action of insulin. It usually develops slowly (over years).                                                                                  or regular episodes of thrush, slow healing of cuts &
                                                                     Cholesterol– also sent to lab in an ORANGE tube. We aim                 wounds, blurred vision
Patients seen at the clinic are those with Type 2 Diabetes who
                                                                           for values less than 5.0
are not on insulin (patients with Type 1 Diabetes are, almost by                                                                        Blood sugar levels can often be adequately lowered by diet
definition, always on insulin).                                      Urinary Microalbumin– sent to lab in a WHITE- TOPPED                      alone. DIET IS ALWAYS THE CORNERSTONE
                                                                           urine container—this is reported as being positive or               OF TREATMENT. Quite often, however, tablets are
Patients are seen at the Clinic on a 6 monthly basis. Patients
                                                                           negative and is an indicator for possible kidney damage             also necessary—but always in conjunction with a good
who need to be seen more often than this will be seen in normal
                                                                                                                                               diet. Only occasionally is insulin ever necessary in Type
Surgery time.                                                        Examination                                                               2 Diabetes
On a 6-monthly basis:                                                Weight—this (together with your height) is used to calculate       If you are overweight, then LOSING WEIGHT will help
                                                                           your BMI (which should be between 20 and 25).                        hugely in the control of your Diabetes. It is also
Blood tests for HbA1c [Dr ??????]
                                                                     Blood Pressure—aim for less than 140/80                                    extremely important to STOP SMOKING.
Weight [Dr ??????]
                                                                     Feet Assessment -Risk assessment                                   Good control of Diabetes is necessary to make you feel
Blood Pressure [Dr ??????]                                                                                                                    well, but also—and just as importantly– to help prevent
                                                                                                 -Pulses                                      the complications of Diabetes—which are as follows:
On an Annual Basis:
                                                                                                 -Monofilament tests                    Large Vessel Disease: Heart Attacks, Strokes,    Leg pains and
Blood tests for eGFR and Cholesterol [Dr ??????]
                                                                                                 -Tuning Fork Tests                           circulation problems
Smoking status & Alcohol Intake [Dr ??????]
                                                                                                                                        Small Vessel Disease: Eye problems, kidney problems
                                                                     Other
Urine tests for Microalbumin [Dr ??????]
                                                                                                                                        Nerve problems: Numbness and pins & needles in hands and
                                                                     Diabetic Retinopathy Screening - a dedicated van will visit
Foot assessment [Dr ????? and/or Podiatrist]                                                                                                  feet, sexual dysfunction.
                                                                            the Surgery once per year. If you miss your appointment
Dietary advice   [SRD ??????]                                               (cannot attend etc), you can also visit Raigmore Hospital   Infection—including thrush.
                                                                            for this to be done (a special appointment can be made)
Diabetic Retinopathy Screening [dedicated van]                                                                                          Famous people who have Diabetes include Steve Redgrave,
                                                                                                                                              Sharon Stone and Halle Berry……..
                                                                                                                                                 —you are not alone!