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Digital voluntary deposit and
preservation: the use of DOI technology
Sergio Bernardi
CINECA
s.bernardi@cineca.it
Summary
• The DOI (Digital Object Identifier): basic
concepts
• The DOI system components
• mEDRA: a European project focused on the
DOI
• mEDRA voluntary deposit application: the DOI
for document deposit
• Conclusion
DOI – Digital Object Identifier
• It is a new standard for digital object identification
• It can be applied to any type or format of objects: text,
music, film, video, photographs, software, database record,
certificate…
• Uniquely Identifies the Object - therefore enables
computers to interoperate and execute transactions of
different types.
• Provides Linking to the Object itself (or to any related
objects, transactions or services). These links are
permanent
DOI – basic characteristics
• Resolution:
ensures persistence by resolving the DOI to a current
associated value such as a URL;
resolution may be to multiple pieces of data (multiple
resolution);
the Handle System is the resolution system used.
• Metadata:
based on <indecs> activity;
consistent with systems such as ONIX and MPEG-21
rdd;
enables mappings between application areas
consistently.
• Policy:
provides rules and mechanisms for implementation;
use of Registration agencies which operate under same
rules as an operational federation.
DOI – Open standards
• The DOI merges two major fundamentals for long term
extensibility and interoperability of various types of
intellectual property within various systems, wireless
applications, broadcasting and Internet applications:
• The Handle System - a distributed, scalable system based on
open protocols, which manages digital intellectual property as first
class entities. Both the Handle System resolution and the DOI
metadata components are structured, consistent, and manageable
so it is possible to apply DOIs to any content and to develop
further tools for content management.
• The <indecs> Framework - a broad multi-industry effort which
defined principles for metadata and how existing metadata
systems can be mapped into a standard interoperable form.
DOI – Identifier syntax
• DOI is a two parts alphanumeric string:
prefix and suffix
Prefix Suffix
10.abc123 / def456 Identify the Digital
object: it is under
the registrant’s
Identify that this Identify the responsibility
string is a DOI registrant:
publisher or
imprint, content
producer in general
DOI – The associated metadata
• A DOI describes the identified entity:
DOI = string + set of metadata
• Each DOI has a minimum set of metadata (kernel
metadata) plus additional metadata appropriate for the
application profile.
• The latter includes “descriptive metadata” (related to
the genre of the resources) and “service and
administrative metadata” (related to applications).
• XML Schemas are used to collect metadata
The DOI system components
•DOI is supported by a resolution system that makes DOI
strings “actionable” in Internet
•Users can resolve DOIs to the identified content and/or
other resources related to that content.
•Unlike the URLs, DOIs are associated to documents and
not to locations: if a document is moved to a different
location, users are readdressed to reach the correct page.
DOI – The resolution system
• The underlying resolution technology is the Handle
System® developed by CNRI (Corp. National Research
Initiatives)
• The Handle System is a resolution system: i.e. a tool to
resolve a name to a source of information (typically a
URL). It belongs to the n2l (urn to url) technologies
• The Handle System allows multiple resolution: i.e. a
DOI can point to more than one source of information
• URL(s) are included in metadata
• The registrant is responsible for metadata update in
order to guarantee persistence
DOI – Resolution
Resolution 1 Informat.
Resolution 2 on the
document
What the DOI
The DOI® (Digital Object Identifier) is a standard for
identifying any object of intellectual property. A DOI
provides a means of persistently identifying a piece of
intellectual property on a digital network and associating
Abstract
it with related current data.
On digital networks, all intellectual property is simply a
string of bits; a DOI can apply to any form of intellectual
property in any digital environment. DOIs have been
called "the bar code for intellectual property": like the
physical bar code, they are enabling tools for use all
through the supply chain to add value and save cost.
A DOI differs from commonly used internet pointers to
material such as the URL – Uniform Resource Locator,
the usual means of referring to World Wide Web material
– because it identifies an object as a first-class entity, not
simply the place where the object is located.
A DOI is also different from commonly used identifiers of
intellectual property like standard bibliographic and
identification DOI
Resolution 3
related identifiers (ISBN, ISSN, ISRC, etc) because it is
associated with defined services and is immediately
"actionable" on a network. However, the DOI does not
compete with these standards since it allows them to be
integrated as suffixes in DOI strings.
A DOI is an implementation of the Internet concepts of
Uniform Resource Name and Universal Resource
Identifier. A DOI is different from abstract naming
specifications such as URN in that it is a defined
How to
buy the
Resolution 4 doc.
Identified
entity
DOI – Governance and strucuture
IDF
International Technology
DOI
CNRI
Handle system
RA2 Foundation
Set up of a
RA1
mEDR Local Handle System
A
Community
European
of interest 1 Community content
of interest 2 industry
mEDRA – A E.U. project for the DOI
• mEDRA is a project within the eContent
programme of the European Commission –
Action line 2:
• Start up: 1 July 2002 – Conclusion: 30 June 2004
• Objective: to set up a multiple-application,
multi-lingual European DOI Registration
Agency
• Multiple-application: the existing agencies mainly
focus on individual applications
• Multi-lingual: the existing agencies (except Enpia)
focus on English-based content
• European: the existing agencies are based in USA
(three), Australia, Korea and UK
mEDRA – The partnership
• AIE – the Italian publishers association
(co-ordinator)
• MVB – a company of the German
publishers association, ISBN agency for
German linguistic area
• SNE – the French publishers association
• Editrain – a Spanish company
specialised in services for book-trade
• CINECA – the technological provider, a
consortium of Italian Universities.
mEDRA voluntary deposit application -
The DOI for digital document deposit
• mEDRA is developing a voluntary deposit
system using the DOI technology to identify
contents (time stamping and digital signature)
• Aims:
• to provide a certification (using time stamping
technologies) that a digital or web content was
registered by a party on a certain date and time
• to provide some sort of „evidence‟ in case of contest
on rights ownership or authorship
mEDRA voluntary deposit application –
preliminary model
Conclusion
• DOI is a system developed for the
„digital world‟
• It enables application development,
network interoperability, object
identification, link persistence
• It extends digital object life
Conclusion (2): DOI and digital
preservation
• The connection between preservation and
DOI lies in interoperability and persistence
• A distributed virtual archive requires that all
the players and components interoperate
• Preservation: How do we interoperate with
the future?
• Persistence is interoperability with the future
Useful links
• IDF : www.doi.org
• mEDRA : www.medra.org
• CNRI : www.handle.net
