Publication - How to work safely in a permit-required confined ...

NOT D ES IG ED TO BE O N PIED PIED CU CU C C Oregon OSHA How to work safely in a permit-required confined space Contents Introduction ................................................................................... 1 What is a permit space?................................................................ 3 Examples of confined spaces that could become permit spaces What is 1910.146 and why is it important? ................................. 5 Where to get a copy of 1910.146 What do I need to do to work safely in a permit space? .......... 7 Identify the permit spaces at your workplace Identify the hazards in the spaces Decide if employees will enter a permit space Eliminate or control the hazards in the space Establish entry procedures Train employees for entry operations Make sure employees know their duties and responsibilities Plan for emergencies A diagram of the entry process from start to finish............... 30 Preparing your permit-space program .................................... 31 Guide to OR-OSHA Services ..................................................... 33 OR-OSHA phone numbers and addresses ....Inside back cover About this document Not designed to be occupied is a publication of the Oregon OSHA Standards and Technical Resources Section. Thanks to Peggy Munsell, Dave McLaughlin, and Chris Ottoson for technical assistance and advice, to Karen Murray for editing, design and layout, and to Kiki May for form development. If you have questions or comments about this publication, please contact: • • • Peggy Munsell, (503) 947-7446, peggy.a.munsell@state.or.us Dave McLaughlin, (503) 947-7457, mclaugdj@state.or.us Ellis Brasch, (503) 947-7399, ellis.k.brasch@state.or.us. Introduction If you store grain, process raw materials, or work in a large manufacturing plant, you’re probably familiar with the term confined space. Many Oregon workplaces have confined spaces — enclosed spaces that are difficult to enter and exit, large enough to work in, but not designed to be occupied. Nevertheless, workers need to enter them from time to time. For example, they may need to inspect equipment, fix leaks, do construction work, or rescue someone. Inside, a confined space may be relatively safe or contain life-threatening hazards such as equipment that starts without warning, toxic gases, corrosive chemicals, or flammable solvents. This guide focuses on confined spaces that may contain lifethreatening hazards — permit-required confined spaces, or permit spaces — and answers the following questions: • What is a permit space and how can I identify one? • What is 1910.146, the permit-required confined-space standard for general industry, and why is it important? • What do I need to know to work safely in a permit space? • What is a permit-space program, and do I need one for my workplace? You’ll find a generic permit-space program that you can use as a model for your own program, along with other information about permit spaces, on the enclosed CD. 1 What is a permit space? A permit space is a confined space that may contain lifethreatening hazards. A confined space has all of the following characteristics: • It has a restricted opening that makes entry and exit difficult. • It’s large enough for one to enter completely. • It’s not designed to be occupied. A permit space has all of the characteristics of a confined space and one or more of the following characteristics: • It has — or could have — an atmospheric hazard. • It contains material that could trap or bury an entrant. • It’s shaped so that an entrant could become trapped or asphyxiated. • It has other safety or health hazards that could harm an entrant. No one can enter a permit space without first completing a written entry permit that verifies that the hazards in the space have been eliminated or controlled and that the space is safe to enter. An atmospheric hazard affects the air in a confined space. An entrant — technically, authorized entrant — is the person who enters a permit space. An authorized entrant is authorized by the employer to enter a permit space. • You’ll find an example of an entry permit on Page 22. 3 An entry supervisor must sign the permit and post it on the space so that employees can see it and cancel it when work in the space is finished. Examples of confined spaces that could become permit spaces Most confined spaces are designed to hold substances such as liquids, gases, and loose materials, or to house equipment. They come in many sizes and shapes, though most can be classified in one of two ways: those with depth and open tops and those with narrow openings. These are examples of each: Open-topped and deep spaces Pits Wells Vats Hoppers Bins Degreasers Kettles Spaces with narrow openings Ship compartments Silos Pipes Tunnels Tanks Casings Sewers The entry supervisor is responsible for determining acceptable entry conditions in a permit space, for authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating the entry permit. 4 What is 1910.146 and why is it important? 1910.146 (Subdivision 2/J of the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Standards) protects general industry employees who enter permit spaces and requires employers to do the following: • Survey their workplace to identify permit spaces. • Inform employees about the location of each permit space and its hazards. • Keep unauthorized employees out of permit spaces. • Develop a written program that ensures the safety of any employee who must enter a permit space. Permit spaces may contain many different hazards. Workers can die in permit spaces because they don’t know about the hazards or because they use the wrong procedures to control hazards. In fact, many of those who have died in permit spaces were trying to rescue their coworkers. You wouldn’t board a commercial aircraft — even for a short flight — if you knew that the pilot and the maintenance crew ignored take-off procedures. Nor would you enter a permit space if you knew that your co-workers had ignored procedures to test the space for hazards and control them. 5 1910.146 is important because it requires employers and employees to follow critical safe-work practices. By following those practices, employees will know when permit-space hazards exist and they’ll use the right methods to eliminate or control the hazards. Where to get a copy of 1910.146 This guide will help you understand what you need to do to work safely in a permit space, but it doesn’t take the place of 1910.146. You’ll find a copy of 1910.146 on the enclosed CD. You can also request a copy from the OR-OSHA Resource Center or download a copy from the Web site, www.orosha.org. 6 What do I need to do to work safely in a permit space? This section describes eight critical activities that are part of the entry process. They’re critical because they ensure that those who need to enter a permit space can enter and exit safely — and they’re the foundation of an effective permit-space program. • Identify the permit spaces at your workplace. • Identify the hazards in the spaces. • Decide if employees will enter a permit space. • Eliminate or control the hazards in the space. • Establish entry procedures. • Train employees for entry operations. • Make sure employees know their duties and responsibilities. • Plan for emergencies. A permit-space program describes, in writing, how an employer will protect workers during the entry process. See Page 31, Preparing your permit-space program, for more information. 7 Identify the permit spaces at your workplace Identify all enclosures at your workplace that have the characteristics of a confined space. (A confined space is difficult to enter and exit and large enough for one person to enter completely — but not designed to be occupied.) Evaluate each confined space to determine if it is a permit space. Keep in mind that a permit space has one or more of the following characteristics: • Contains — or could contain — an atmospheric hazard. • Contains material that could trap or bury an entrant. • Is shaped such that an entrant could become trapped or asphyxiated. • Contains any other safety or health hazard that could harm an entrant. Inform employees about permit spaces. If your workplace has a permit space, employees must know where it’s located, that it’s hazardous, and that it’s a permit space. You can post a sign such as this one to inform them. DANGER PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS ONLY 8 Identify the hazards in the spaces You must identify all existing or potential hazards in each permit space at your workplace. Those who enter permit spaces face two kinds of hazards: atmospheric and non-atmospheric. Atmospheric hazards affect the air in the space and can be flammable, toxic, corrosive, or asphyxiating. Be especially careful when evaluating a space that could contain an atmospheric hazard! The only way to identify an atmospheric hazard is to test for it from outside the space. Always test for atmospheric hazards in the following order: 1. oxygen deficiencies or displacement 2. flammable atmospheres 3. toxic atmospheres 4. corrosive atmospheres Never assume a confined space is hazard-free. If you’re not sure how to test for a hazardous atmosphere, contact the OR-OSHA office nearest you. (OR-OSHA offices are listed on the inside back cover.) Non-atmospheric hazards include conditions such as mechanized equipment, loose materials, excessive noise, extreme temperatures, low light, and difficult access. 9 Keep in mind: Most permit-space accidents happen for the following reasons: • Workers haven’t been properly trained to recognize permitspace hazards. • Hazards aren’t eliminated or controlled before workers enter the space. • Rescuers are inexperienced or improperly trained. How to get help: If you need help identifying permit-space hazards, talk to your workers’ compensation insurer or contact the OR-OSHA office nearest you. 10 Common atmospheric hazards Hazard How it occurs Why you should be concerned Oxygen deficiency (less than 19.5 percent oxygen) Oxygen enrichment (greater than 23.5 percent) Flammable atmospheres Chemical or biological reactions consume oxygen. Oxygen-deficient atmospheres affect heart rate, muscle coordination, and breathing. • Unprotected, you can’t survive in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. Oxygen-enriched atmospheres increase the risk of fire or explosions. Flammable gases such as acetylene, butane, propane, hydrogen, and methane are common in permit spaces. • Grain, nitrated fertilizers, and ground chemicals can produce combustible dusts. Many manufacturing processes, stored materials, and work tasks release toxic gases, vapors, or dusts. Results from welding tasks and from the improper use of oxygen for breathing air. Fuel, oxygen, and a source of ignition cause fire and explosions. Toxic atmospheres Accumulates through some manufacturing, biological, or chemical reactions. • Released during tasks such as welding and cleaning. Accumulates from some manufacturing processes, biological or chemical reactions. Corrosive atmospheres Corrosive substances destroy living tissue. • Some cause immediate damage to skin and eyes; some have no immediate effect, but cause cancer with prolonged exposure. 11 Common non-atmospheric hazards Hazard How it occurs Why you should be concerned Access problems Corrosive chemicals Confined spaces are difficult to enter and exit. Corrosive chemicals are stored in the space or entrants use them for work. Loose materials drawn from the bottoms of storage bins can suffocate or bury an entrant. (Liquids or materials are suddenly released into the space.) The permit space location or the equipment it contains makes it very hot or cold. In an emergency, entrants may not be able to exit quickly. Corrosive chemicals can cause severe eye or skin damage if exposed workers are not wearing protective clothing. Liquid or loose materials can trap or bury a worker in seconds. Engulfment Extreme temperatures Hot environments put workers at risk for heat stress, especially if they’re doing strenuous work or wearing protective clothing. Cold environments make tasks more difficult to accomplish. Poor lighting makes it difficult for workers to enter, work in, and exit a permit space. Entrants servicing mechanical and hydraulic equipment can be seriously injured or killed if the energy isn’t properly controlled. Continued on next page Illumination problems Mechanical and hydraulic energy Most permit spaces are dark. Mechanical and hydraulic equipment starts or moves unexpectedly. 12 Common non-atmospheric hazards, continued Hazard How it occurs Why you should be concerned Noise Permit spaces amplify sounds produced by tools and equipment. Noise interferes with essential communication between entrants and attendants. High noise levels can impair hearing and cause hearing loss. Wet surfaces are usually slippery; they increase the risk of falls. You don’t want to be struck by a heavy object, even if you’re wearing a hard hat. Slippery surfaces Leaks, spills, and condensation make walking surfaces slippery. Objects fall into the space because topside openings are unguarded or improperly guarded. Falling objects 13 Decide if employees will enter a permit space If you have a permit space at your workplace, will workers — contract workers or your employees — enter it? Even if workers don’t enter a permit space, you must make sure that they’re aware of the space and know about its hazards. You can do that by placing a danger sign like this one on the space, or by permanently securing the opening — welding it PERMIT-REQUIRED shut, for example. CONFINED DANGER SPACE The table on the next page shows what to do before workers enter a permit space. AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS ONLY 14 What to do before workers enter a permit space If Then Only contract workers enter You must tell the contractor about the hazards in the space, ensure that the contractor has a written permit-space program that meets 1910.146 requirements, and inform the contractor about any special precautions necessary to protect those working in or near the space. You must have a written permit-space program that describes how you will eliminate or control the permit-space hazards and ensure the safety of those who enter the space. • You must coordinate entry operations with the contractor so that the contract workers and your employees work safely together. You must have a written permit-space program that describes how you will eliminate or control the permit-space hazards and ensure the safety of those who enter the space. Contract workers and your employees enter Only your employees enter 15 Eliminate or control the hazards in the space Before allowing employees to enter a permit space, you must either eliminate all hazards in the space or control the hazards so that the employees can accomplish their tasks and exit the space safely. The table summarizes options for eliminating and controlling hazards and gives an example of each. Options for eliminating and controlling hazards in permit spaces If Then Example The space has no actual or potential atmospheric hazards and you can eliminate all other hazards. You can reclassify the space as a non-permit space. • You must eliminate all hazards in the space before workers enter and for the entire time they are in the space. • You must document how you eliminated the hazards and certify the space hazard-free. You need to enter a mixing tank that has no atmospheric hazards but does have mixing paddles that could start automatically. • You must lock out and/or tag out the mixingpaddle hazard before you enter. Continued on next page Non-permit space means the space is safe to enter and employees can work in it without a permit as long as it is free of hazards. 16 Options for eliminating and controlling hazards in permit spaces, continued If Then Example The space has only an actual or potential atmospheric hazard and you can control it with forced-air ventilation. Workers can enter the space under alternate procedures. • You must keep the space hazardfree with continuous forced-air ventilation before workers enter and for the entire time workers are in the space. • You must have test and inspection data that show forced-air ventilation will keep the space hazard free. You need to enter an abandoned chemicalstorage tank. • You’ve monitored the space for oxygen displacement and enrichment, flammable atmospheres, and toxic atmospheres. • You’ve determined an atmospheric hazard exists — for example, oxygen deficiency. • Your test and inspection data show that continuous forced-air ventilation will increase oxygen content to 19.5 percent. • You periodically monitor the atmosphere in the space to ensure forced-air ventilation maintains safe entry conditions. Continued on next page Alternate procedures are specific procedures that allow workers to enter and work in a permit space without a permit if continuous forcedair ventilation controls the atmospheric hazard and no other hazards exist. 17 Options for eliminating and controlling hazards in permit spaces, continued If Then Example The space has atmospheric and nonatmospheric hazards and you can’t eliminate the hazards. You must follow your written permit-space program (see Page 31 for more information). • The program must include the method for controlling the hazards, procedures for entry operations, and an entry permit verifying that the space is safe to enter. You need to enter a sewer system that has deep standing water and contains pockets of methane and hydrogen sulfide, but you can’t eliminate these hazards. Ventilation won’t eliminate the water problem. 18 Establish entry procedures Before employees enter a permit space, you must have safe work procedures covering all phases of the entry process, summarized in the following tables. You must also complete an entry permit (there’s an example on Page 22) that verifies the permit space is safe for employees to enter. “Entry” occurs when any part of a worker’s body moves through the opening of the space. Before employees enter: pre-entry operations Guard the space. Place warning signs or barriers to keep out unauthorized persons and to protect entrants from falling objects. Disconnect, lock out, or tag out hazardous equipment in the space. Eliminate or control the hazards in the space; document the method and the steps necessary to eliminate or control the hazards. Test for atmospheric hazards in the following order: oxygen, flammable gases, toxic and corrosive gases. Employees must have the opportunity to observe the test. Ensure that entrants have the equipment they need to do their tasks (including rescue equipment) and they know how to use the equipment. Attendants must know how to respond to emergencies, including whom to contact and how to remove entrants. Isolate the space. Eliminate or control atmospheric hazards. Test the space for atmospheric hazards. Identify necessary equipment. Plan for emergencies. Complete and post the The entry supervisor must certify that the space is entry permit safe to enter, sign the entry permit, and post it on the space so that authorized entrants can see it. 19 Before employees enter: pre-entry operations Maintain communications. Attendants and entrants must keep in contact with each other. They must know what communications equipment to use and how to use it effectively. The entry supervisor and authorized attendants must keep unauthorized persons away from the space. Keep out unauthorized persons. Monitor activity inside Authorized attendants must continuously monitor and outside the space. the permit space for hazards while employees are inside. After employees leave the space: completing entry operations Cancel the entry permit. Return the space to service. File the permit. The entry supervisor cancels the permit when entrants finish entry operations or when a condition arises that isn’t identified on the permit. Employees return the space to service after entrants exit. All problems encountered by entrants are recorded and the permit is kept on file for at least one year. 20 The entry permit: The entry permit documents acceptable entry conditions and verifies that the space is safe for employees to enter. Required permit information: • Location of the permit space. • Purpose of entry. • Entry date and the time employees will enter. • Authorized entrants’ names. • Authorized attendants’ names. • Entry supervisor’s name and signature. • Hazards in the space. • How hazards will be controlled so that the space is safe to enter. • Acceptable entry conditions. • Testing data and testers’ initials that certify the space is safe to enter. • Names of emergency responders and instructions for contacting them. • Communication procedures used by entrants and attendants. • A list of all equipment necessary to ensure entrants’ safety. • A description of any other permits that entrants need to work in the space. 21 A sample entry permit 22 23 Train employees for entry operations Training employees who will do permit-space work is the most effective way to ensure that they understand entry procedures, know how to control permit-space hazards, and know what to do in an emergency. When employees must be trained: • Before their permit-space duties are assigned or changed. • When there is a change in permit-space operations that presents a hazard for which they haven’t been trained. • When they don’t follow entry-permit procedures. Training must be certified. If you authorize employees to enter a permit space, you must certify that they have been trained. The certification must contain each employee’s name, the trainer’s signature, and the training dates. It must be available for employees or authorized representatives to review. Trainers should understand all parts of 1910.146 and have experience with the types of permit spaces employees will enter. 24 Make sure employees know their duties and responsibilities Working in permit spaces is a team effort involving authorized entrants, attendants, and supervisors. Authorized entrants are the employees that an employer allows to enter a permit space. Their duties and responsibilities: • Knowing the permit-space hazards, including the symptoms and consequences of exposure. • Using equipment properly. • Communicating regularly with the attendant. • Notifying the attendant immediately of hazardous conditions. • Leaving the space immediately during a hazardous condition or when the attendant orders an evacuation. Authorized attendants monitor the entrants’ activities from out- side the space. Attendants’ duties and responsibilities: • Knowing the permit-space hazards, including the symptoms and consequences of exposure. • Knowing how many entrants are in the permit space. • Staying out of the space during entry operations. • Keeping in contact with entrants. • Ordering an evacuation for a hazardous condition. • Keeping unauthorized persons away from the space. • Starting rescue procedures. 25 The entry supervisor ensures that attendants and entrants follow entry-permit procedures and is responsible for the following: • Knowing the permit-space hazards, including the symptoms and consequences of exposure. • Verifying that the entry permit is accurate and current. • Stopping entry operations and canceling the entry permit when permit-space work is done or during a hazardous condition. • Ensuring that responders will be available in an emergency. • Removing any unauthorized person who enters the space. • Ensuring that entry operations are consistent if another authorized employee must replace an attendant or an entrant. 26 Plan for emergencies Before you authorize employees to enter a permit space, you must be sure that experienced emergency responders will be available if an entrant needs help. Responders must be able to reach the site promptly and know how to deal with the emergency. Those who don’t understand permit-space hazards or who respond inappropriately during emergencies cause most permitspace accidents. Keep in mind that many fire departments are not equipped to respond to permit-space emergencies. Employer’s responsibilities. Tell emergency responders about any permit-space hazards they may encounter during an emergency, ensure that responders can reach the space promptly, and allow responders to practice rescues at all on-site permit spaces. Responders’ responsibilities. • Have the equipment necessary to perform rescues and know how to use it. • Be trained as rescuers and as authorized entrants. • Practice simulated rescues at least once a year at each on-site permit space. • Keep first-aid and CPR training up to date. 27 On-site or off-site responders? You can choose either an on-site or an off-site responder. It’s important only that the responder meet your needs in an emergency. Use the table on this and the following page to help you decide. Choosing an emergency responder Steps to take What to consider Identify your needs. Do you anticipate emergencies requiring immediate action (if ventilation fails, for example)? Or less-than-immediate action (if the most serious accident would cause a fracture or abrasion)? Meet with the responders to find out if they can provide the emergency service you need. Posting an emergency response number, 911 for example, isn’t enough. The response time must be appropriate for the nature of the injury; responders must be standing by when entrants are working under potential IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) conditions. The responders must be available any time employees need to enter a permit space. Do you have a way for an authorized attendant or an entry supervisor to reach responders immediately? Continued on next page Interview the responder. How quickly can the responder reach the site? Will the responder be available? How will you contact the responder? 28 Choosing an emergency responder, continued Steps to take What to consider Can the responder do technical rescues? Can the responder do medical evacuations? Is the responder trained to enter a permit space? Does the responder have the technical knowledge and equipment to perform rope work or elevatedrescue work? Does the responder have the skills and equipment for medical evacuations? Can the responder recognize the signs, symptoms, and consequences of exposure to a hazardous atmosphere in a permit space at your workplace? Does the responder For example, does the responder know how to know how to test the determine whether the atmosphere is IDLH? atmosphere in a permit space? Will the responder understand the information on your entry permit? For example, will responders understand the ventilation and atmospheric testing data on the entry permit? 29 A diagram of the entry process from start to finish Does the workplace No contain confined spaces as defined by Yes §1910.146(b)? Consult other applicable OR-OSHA standards. STOP Does the workplace contain permit-required No spaces as defined by §1910.146(b)? Yes Inform employee as required by §1910.146(b). Will contractors enter? No Yes Yes Will permit space be entered? No Prevent employee entry as required by §1910.146(c)(3). Do task from outside of space. Will host employees enter to No perform entry tasks? Yes Prevent unauthorized entry. Does space No have known or potential Yes hazards? Task will be completed by contractor’s employees. Inform contractor as required by §1910.146 (c)(8)(i), (ii) and (iii). Contractor obtains information required by §1910.146(c)(9)(i), (ii), and (ii) from host. STOP Can the hazards be eliminated? Yes No Employer may choose to reclassify space to non-permit-required confined space using §1910.16(c)(7). STOP Not a permit-required space. §1910.146 does not apply. Consult other OSHA standards. Can the space be maintained in a condition safe Yes to enter by continuous forced-air ventilation only? No Space may be entered under §1910.146(c)(5). STOP Prepare for entry via permit procedures. Verify acceptable entry conditions (test results recorded, space isolated if needed, rescuers/means to summon available, entrants properly equipped.)? No Yes Permit not valid until conditions reflect permit specifications. Permit issued by authorizing signature. Acceptable entry conditions maintained No throughout entry? Yes Entry tasks completed. Permit returned and canceled. Audit program and permit based on evaluation of entry by entrants, attendants, testers, and preparers. STOP Emergency exists (prohibited condition). Entrants evacuated; entry aborts. (Call rescuers if needed.) Permit is voided. Re-evaluate program to correct/ prevent prohibited condition. (Occurrence of emergency usually is proof of deficient program.) No re-entry until program and permit emended. May require new program. 30 Preparing your permit-space program The eight critical activities described in the previous section lay the foundation for an effective permit-space program. If your employees need to enter a permit space at your workplace, you must have a written permit-space program that meets the requirements of 1910.146 and covers all aspects of working in or near the space. In preparing your written program, think about the characteristics of the permit spaces at your workplace, the tasks that employees need to accomplish in and around the spaces, and the employees’ work experience in permit spaces. A generic written program is included on the enclosed CD. You can use the generic program to develop the written program for your workplace. Remember, the written program is not complete until all the activities and procedures that make it specific to your workplace are included. The following are the parts of the generic program: • Company policies and responsibilities. • Confined space and permit-space identification. • Procedures for entering a permit space. • Alternate procedure for entering a permit space. • Reclassifying a permit space as a non-permit space. • Completing the entry permit. 31 • Duties of authorized entrants, attendants, and entry supervisors. • Training affected employees. • Employee training records. • Rescue and emergency services. • Annual program review. 32 Guide to OR-OSHA Services OR-OSHA offers a wide variety of safety and health services to employers and employees: Consultative Services • Offers no-cost on-site safety and health assistance to help Oregon employers recognize and correct workplace safety and health problems. • Provides consultations in the areas of safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, occupational safety and health programs, newbusiness assistance, the Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP), and the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP). Enforcement • Offers pre-job conferences for mobile employers in industries such as logging and construction. • Provides abatement assistance to employers who have received citations and provides compliance and technical assistance by phone. • Inspects places of employment for occupational safety and health hazards and investigates workplace complaints and accidents. Appeals, Informal Conferences • Provides the opportunity for employers to hold informal meetings with OR-OSHA on concerns about workplace safety and health. • Discusses OR-OSHA’s requirements and clarifies workplace safety or health violations. • Discusses abatement dates and negotiates settlement agreements to resolve disputed citations. 33 Standards and Technical Resources • Develops, interprets, and provides technical advice on safety and health standards. • Provides copies of all OR-OSHA occupational safety and health standards. • Publishes booklets, pamphlets, and other materials to assist in the implementation of safety and health standards and programs. • Operates a Resource Center containing books, topical files, technical periodicals, a video and film lending library, and more than 200 databases. Public Education and Conferences • Conducts conferences, seminars, workshops, and rule forums. • Coordinates and provides technical training on topics like confined space, ergonomics, lockout/tagout, and excavations. • Provides workshops covering management of basic safety and health programs, safety committees, accident investigation, and job-safety analysis. • Manages the Safety and Health Education and Training Grant Program, which awards grants to industrial and labor groups to develop training materials in occupational safety and health for Oregon workers. 34 For more information, call the OR-OSHA office nearest you. (All phone numbers are voice and TTY.) OR-OSHA Central Office Phone: (503) 378-3272 Toll-free: (800) 922-2689 Fax: (503) 947-7461 en Español: (800) 843-8086 Web site: www.orosha.org Labor & Industries Building 350 Winter St. NE, Room 430 Salem, Oregon Mailing address: P.O. Box 14480 Salem OR 97309-0405 OR-OSHA Statewide Offices Bend Red Oaks Square 1230 N.E. Third St., Suite A-115 Bend OR 97701-4374 (541) 388-6066 Consultation: (541) 388-6068 Eugene 1140 Willagillespie Road, Suite 42 Eugene OR 97401-2101 (541) 686-7562 Consultation: (541) 686-7913 Medford 1840 Barnett Road, Suite D Medford OR 97504-8250 Consultation: (541) 776-6016 Pendleton 721 S.E. Third St., Suite 306 Pendleton OR 97801-3056 (541) 276-9175 Consultation: (541) 276-2353 Portland 1750 N.W. Naito Parkway, Suite 112 Portland OR 97209-2533 (503) 229-5910 Consultation: (503) 229-6193 Salem 1340 Tandem Ave. NE, Ste. 160 Salem, OR 97303 (503) 378-3274 Consultation: (503) 373-7819 440-2864 (1/06/COM)