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CHE Newsletter North Carolina State University he last year has been an extraordinarily exciting one for the Department of Chemical Engineering at North Carolina State University. In virtually every aspect of our graduate and undergraduate academic and research programs, we have very positive news to report. In November 2000, the people of the state of North Carolina approved a $3.1 Billion bond referendum that will bring approximately $450 Million to North Carolina State University for capital projects. One of those projects will be an approximately $41 Million new building on our Centennial Campus that will house the Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering. This building will house state-of-the-art high tech classrooms, laboratories, and an increase of over 30% in total square footage for the Department compared to our space in Riddick Engineering Labroatories. We will continue to rent the current laboratory and office space in Partners I and II on Centennial Campus and so this move will A State of the Department Address Vol.1 1 Num. T By Peter Kilpatrick reunite the entire Department on our new campus, one of the first engineering Departments to do so. Plans are complete for the new building and we expect to occupy this space in early to mid 2004. Our newest faculty member is Professor Orlin Velev, a PhD graduate of Ivan Ivanov’s from Sofia, Bulgaria and a post-doctoral research associate and research assistant professor from the University of Delaware (working with Eric Kaler and Bramey Lenhoff). Orlin directs an exciting research program focused on nanotemplating of novel electronic and photonic materials using colloid chemistry and directed self-assembly. He has already established himself as one of the founders of this fascinating research area as evidenced by the frequency with which his many publications are being cited (over 700 citations already at the beginning of Continued on page 6 CONTENTS: • “State of the Department” P. Kilpatrick • “Grads vs. Undergrads” D. Comfort • “Orlin Velev” pg. 2 C. Kloxin • “Intramurial Sports” J. Michel pg. 4 J. Yerian pg. 4 J. Salm pg. 4 • Recent graduates pg. 8 O Grad Students Rout Undergrads By Don Comfort n October 20, 2001 the NCSU chemical engineering graduate students and undergrads competed in the first annual UG/Grad student football game held at Centennial Campus Middle School. The warm sunny October afternoon was a glorious setting for this contest which was attended by such world class researchers as Robert Kelly and George Roberts. There was even an unexpected exhibition when Kelly and Roberts dazzled the crowd with their John Elway like throwing ability during the half-time. The graduate students started strong winning the coin toss and deferring the ball until the second half. On the opening drive, the undergrads failed to make a first down and punted. The graduate students, under the leadership of quarterback Clint Miller, drove down the field to score a touchdown and take a 6-0 lead. This was only the beginning of the end for the undergraduate students. The practices, organized by coach Continued on next page CHE Newsletter • Fall 2001 Ian Schneider, turned the graduate students into defensive machines, shutting out the undergrads until halftime, 13-0. Asked if the practices made a difference, Ian responded, “The practices definitely helped us. We know that we’re out of shape and we had to play a smart game in order to win. The practices allowed us to play people in their strong positions and understand what the others were going to do.” After making some adjustments at half-time, the undergrads were confident their superior conditioning would help get them back in the game. They rose to the occasion on the first drive of the second half, stopping the graduate students in their tracks. The undergrads then drove the length of the field for a touchdown, making the score 13-6. The graduate students, unshaken by the turn of events went on to rout the undergrads, scoring three straight touchdowns for an impressive 35-6 victory. Despite the lopsided victory, everyone had fun. Following the game, a potluck picnic sponsored by the AIChE and ChE GSC was held at Pullen Park. The graduate students took this time to talk a little trash, while the undergrads were already talking rematch. 2 his school year, one will notice a new face among the faculty here in the chemical engineering department at NCSU. This is the face of assistant professor Orlin Velev. Dr. Velev joined the faculty at the beginning of the 2001 fall semester. In starting his new position, he has the challenge of both teaching graduate level thermodynamics (CHE 713) and establishing a new research group. However, this challenge seems to only cultivate his enthusiasm to achieve success. Recently, I had the opportunity to sit down and get to know Velev a little better. Orlin Velev grew up along side the Danube River in the town of Rouse, which is the fourth-largest city in Bulgaria. Being the son of two university professors, Velev was introduced to science at a young age. “I was interested in science since I started school. I joined into various extracurricular activities, such as electronics and chemistry, and did amateur electronics and chemistry experimentation at home. I wanted to study electrical engineering. However, as the first finalist at the National Chemistry Olympiad, I was directly accepted in Sofia University.” Although electrical engineering was his first passion, Velev soon realized his new love for physical chemistry. After finishing his degree, he was invited to continue on as a grad- T Orlin Velev by Chris Kloxin uate student in one of the most renowned colloidal science groups in Bulgaria. Velev received his Ph.D. from the University of Sofia in 1996. Along the way, Velev met his wife Anka Dobreva-Veleva. She was also a finalist at the Bulgarian National Chemistry Olympiad and was at the same summer school to prepare for the International Chemistry Olympiad. They stayed in touch as undergraduate students and married just before she finished her undergraduate degree. She then received a graduate degree in Polymer Physics from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. They have been together in many places throughout the world such as the UK, Spain, Greece and Japan. Their son, Orlin Jr., was born in Japan in 1995. After receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Sofia, Velev accepted a post-doctoral position at the University of Delaware under Professor Abraham Lenhoff and Dean Eric Kaler. He then applied his research in the colloidal science of emulsions and thin films to interactions and crystallization of protein molecules. During his time as a post-doc, the University of Delaware recognized his talent to produce innovative research, and in 1998, they made him an offer join the faculty as a research assistant professor. He accepted and continued to develop new ideas based on applications of colloidal assembly in photonic materials, biosensors, and electronic materials. Velev’s originative work has been published in such journals as Science and Nature. CHE Newsletter • Fall 2001 Velev’s research caught the attention of many topranked chemical engineering departments. During his last year at Delaware, Velev made the decision to join the faculty at NCSU for several reasons. “First of all, I liked the colleagues and the friendly and honest, ‘no-nonsense’ relations. I liked the research that is done in the Department, such as colloids, supercritical fluids, new materials, electronic materials and similar. Then there is the general strength of NCSU’s nanoscience and all the interesting interdisciplinary centers (I believe that the number of such centers is somewhat proportional to the speed of growth and novelty level at a given university). You also have the superb new campus and the nice area and climate. It all adds up to an exciting and nice place where one would like to be.” Velev’s excitement to be here is equally reciprocated by the faculty within the department. When asked why Velev was the clear choice in the faculty search, Peter Kilpatrick said, “Dr. Velev brings an infectious enthusiasm for his area of intellectual inquiry and burning desire to succeed which definitely set him apart from other candidates. This intensity is well reflected in the care and organization he put into his interview seminar, his write-up describing his research and teaching interests, and the personal interviews he conducted with the faculty.” Velev’s portfolio of achievements was also key in selection. “His resume, which reflects 5 years of postdoctoral and research assistant professor experience, reflected a level of research accomplishment and maturity that far exceeded the other candidates. One very telling statistic was the fact that his research publications have already been cited a remarkable 650+ times, all within 5 years of receiving his PhD,” Kilpatrick added. Velev plans to continue the research that he worked on at Delaware as well as develop new ideas. “Here, I would like to continue with new, interesting research projects in emerging new areas between colloidal science and nanoscience. There will hardly be any large differences in the research area and philosophy, but there are important differences in terms of the scope and organization of the research. I will have the opportunity to do much wider and deeper studies with my graduate students, rather than when I was working partially on my own. I will have to make the transition from being the major researcher, to being the manager of the 3 research, which is not easy, as these projects have been very dependent on my skills and experience as an experimentalist. I hope to be able to provide continuous help to the graduate students.” Velev emphasizes the importance for faculty members to do collaborations both within the department and throughout NCSU. “There is a large spectrum of nanotechnology research going on in NCSU, so I see many opportunities for collaborations with people in Chemistry, Materials Science, Physics, and possibly Electrical Engineering. The CO2 center provides a nice ground for collaborations in the colloidal and materials area too.” Interaction with other faculty members has already begun, making him an integral part of NCSU’s future. Kilpatrick noted, “Dr. Velev fits in beautifully with our younger faculty and has already established outstanding relationships with Jan Genzer, Jason Haugh, and John Van Zanten, as well as a number of other faculty in the Department. His research interests synergistically interact with those of Professor Genzer, and I believe they are well on their way to establishing collaborative research projects. The Department has core competency in the ‘nanoscience’ area, and I think Dr. Velev’s research interests complement this very well.” In addition, Velev foresees broader collaborations with our global chemical engineering community. “There are two avenues for collaboration outside NCSU. I am staying in touch with some of the best groups in USA and Europe doing research similar to mine, so surely we will pursue opportunities for joint research as they come along. Also, at the University of Delaware, at meetings, and during the faculty interviews I have come to know and eventually make friends with many of the outstanding new faculty in Chemical Engineering, and we will stay in touch and look for opportunities for joint projects.” The caliber of the people recruited is indicative of a chemical engineering department’s success. If this is indeed true, than Orlin Velev is a sign of good things to come. He brings a sense of integrity and excellence that can only add to the bright future of this department. CHE Newsletter • Fall 2001 I Shirts battle Skins in Chemical Engineering Intramural Basketball Home Opener By Jeff Salm n the seasons tip off classic, shirts tried to upset the previously unplayed skins team, but 4-36 shooting got in the way. In a two-hour marathon game to 30, the shirts team pounded the ball to the inside only to miss easy lay-ups. Said shirts star Ian Schneider, “Actually, I had over ten assists in the game if you count the passes I had to myself off the back board.” Asked what he thought of the close match between two perennial powerhouses, the long time cagey veteran Jeff Yerian said, “My back hurts.” After the tough loss, skins standout Brian Attwood had this to say, “The refs were awful, they stole another one from us!” And so goes our team. We definitely aren’t the best bunch, but we have fun. And every time Heath Turner throws a lob pass to the basket for Jim Semler to dunk, there is a brief instance where we all think we might see a monster jam, we’re still waiting. Our team practices most Saturdays at 10:00am in Carmichael gym, and all are welcome. Our season actually starts in January, but we need as much practice as we can get so we are already playing. Don’t let the lack of skills stop you from joining our team, it didn’t stop me. And like long time defensive specialist Joe Royer always says, “If you can foul, you have five things to add to our team that we can always use.” Chemical Engineering sports confidential: 4 Scouting Report of the Cranks By Jeff Yerian Rebuilding Year for the CHE men’s soccer team A fictional interview by Bishop Don Magic Juan The men’s soccer team started the season with two consecutive losses. I had a chance to sit down with the teams coach, and midfielder, Joshua Michel. I asked him the tough questions, and he gave me the soft answers. BDMW: Josh tell me your thoughts on the tough first game loss. Coach Michel: “The first loss was the hardest. We were all tied up with thirty seconds to go and Don Comfort put two great shots on goal. Unfortunately, their goalie made two fantastic saves. The other team was able to fast break off the second save, and wound up scoring. I was disappointed, but really proud of our effort” Continued on next page The Cranks, the softball team “fielded” by ChE graduates, competes every spring season for T-shirts and every summer season for absolutely nothing. The Cranks enter into the spring season as the defending champions of the summer league. Last year, they battled through the heat and rain of North Carolina’s summer and won every game but one. Their only loss was against a fraternity that played in a better league. In the championship, the Cranks came from behind and outscored the highly favored “Bad Knees Beer”, i.e. the facilities personnel, 14-11. This championship was their first since the summer of 1998 and their fifth overall championship since the summer of 1996. Sadly, the 2001 summer championship marked the end of Joe Royer’s coaching tenure. The new coach, Jeff Yerian, may have a difficult time fielding a competitive team since many veterans, including Coach Royer, are graduating, turning pro early, or retiring. In addition, their highly touted shortstop may be ineligible to participate in next season’s games. Otherwise, the returning Cranks are led by Cy Young caliber pitcher Dr. Peter Fedkiw and Gold Glove third baseman Jim Semler. Although the offense lacks power, the Cranks have an uncanny ability for timely hitting and getting walks. For the Cranks to have a successful season, the young 1st and 2nd year players, need to step-up and contribute to the organization. When spring training starts in early February, there should be competition at every defensive position. Although several expert scouts don’t anticipate that the Cranks will compete for their sixth championship, they should not underestimate their experience and their passion for the game. CHE Newsletter • Fall 2001 BDMW: What can you tell me about the second loss? Coach Michel: The field was wet and impossible to get traction on. Beyond that I have no comment. BDMW: I notice that you have a fairly young team, and that these guys haven’t played together much. What effect is that having on performance? Coach Michel: “Early in the season, practices were more focused on ball control and shooting. Now, I’m trying to work a little bit more of the position play and strategy into our practices. I think we are going to see a definite improvement by the last game.” BDMW: Have you had anybody step up and become key players for the team? Coach Michel: “As we saw in the first game if we can get Don Comfort in front of the goal with the ball he can have quite an impact. Beyond that, any time we have a ball in the air I’m looking for Brien Prevo or Rob McCaskall to put a head on it. They both have the ability to hit the back of the net with their heads.” BDMW: Who is this Rob McCaskall you mentioned above? Coach Michel: “He isn’t actually a chemical engineer. I picked him up from free agency in an eleventh hour move. I’ve been quite happy with the deal, and look forward to good things from him.” BDMW: I hear you had a problem of filling the goalie position earlier in the season. I can relate to that because my employees are constantly telling me they don’t want to go out and work. I just tell them that they have to suck it up, and be a team player. Who did you find to be that team player? Coach Michel: “Jim Semler has done an excellent job at goalie all season. If he puts on twenty or thirty pounds and hits the weight room in the off season I think he can be a superstar.” BDMW: Josh, one thing I have to know is: Why are there no women on your team? Coach Michel: I was hoping to get a few women out there, but it never panned out. Must be the engineering thing. But, maybe I can get your help with that for next season. BDMW: You couldn’t even get cheerleaders? Coach Michel: Nope. I guess I just don’t have your style. BDMW: I’m also a little disappointed in your clothing. I mean those jerseys you guys wear are pretty bad. Have you ever thought of going with purple shag jerseys? Coach Michel: We really don’t have the money for that kind of investment. But if anyone is interested in sponsoring us we would be more then happy to sit down and talk about a contract. We would even be willing to do some TV commercials or print work. BDMW: What future do you see for the team? Coach Michel: “I see this as a rebuilding year for the team. If we are able to keep a significant number of players from graduating then we should be in a position for the championship next year. I’m going to talk our key players’ advisors to make sure that they are on the 7-year plan. That would definitely help us out. I would also like to add a couple full soccer scholarships to the department’s budget. Dr. Kilpatrick has yet to return my calls in regard to this subject, but I’m hopeful.” BDMW: In my business I’ve learned that everybody has got a plan. So, where do you see your coaching career in two years? Coach Michel: “With the start we’ve had this year, I see no reason why I shouldn’t be coaching the Washington Redskins in a year or two.” 5 By Josh Michel CHE Newsletter • Fall 2001 his academic career). Orlin quickly distinguished himself by winning a Camille and Henry Dreyfus New Faculty Award his first week on campus, one of only two chemical engineers in the country to receive this distinction. Orlin joins an outstanding lineup of assistant professors in the Department: John Van Zanten, Jan Genzer, and Jason Haugh. For only the 3rd time in 18 years, the Department will be saying good-bye to a faculty member who has elected to move elsewhere. Benny Freeman will join the faculty at the University of Texas at Austin on January 15, 2002. Benny has distinguished himself as an international leader in the area of sorption and transport in polymeric membranes. Last year, Benny was the youngest recipient of the Alcoa Foundation Distinguished Engineering Research Award (2000). This year Benny was recognized with the ACS PMSE Cooperative Research Award in Polymer Science (2001). We will miss Benny, Laurence, and Christopher and wish them all the best in their new home in Texas. Our search for a new faculty member is already in high gear and we have identified many excellent candidates to replace Benny. We look forward to announcing our newest addition in the Spring issue of our newsletter. North Carolina State University was recognized in the October 31, 2000 issue of Chemical and Engineering News as the number one University in the country in chemical engineering R&D expenditures, a reflection of the outstanding efforts our faculty have made in garnering research support for our Department. Currently, we have approximately 95 graduate students (of whom greater than 90% are PhD candidates) and approximately 25 post-doctoral research associates. The most recent survey performed in October 2001 cites us as number two in chemical engineering R&D expenditures, right behind the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Many of the rest of our faculty have distinguished themselves with national awards in the past year or so. Assistant Professor Jan Genzer received a 2001 Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, one of only two chemical engineers in the country to be so recognized this year. Jan was also a recipient of a year 2001 3M Non-Tenured Faculty Award. Assistant Professor Jason Haugh received two national awards in the past year: a 2001 Dreyfus New Faculty Award and a 2001 Ralph E. Powe, Jr. Faculty Enhancement Award from the Oak Ridge Associated Universities. H. Clark Professor Keith Gubbins received the 2000 William H. Walker Award from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, one of the highest honors our professional society awards. Kenan Professor Joe DeSimone received the 2001 Esselen Award for Chemistry in the Public Interest from the American Chemical Society and the Department has recently learned that Joe will be recognized with the very prestigious 2002 6 Carothers Award of the Delaware section of the ACS. Joe also was recognized this past year with the highest honor that the UNC University system bestows on its faculty, the O. Max Gardner Prize. On campus, several of our faculty were recognized with great distinction. KoSa Professor Ruben Carbonell received the 2001 Alcoa Foundation Distinguished Research Achievement Award. Associate Professor Rich Spontak received an Alumni Distinguished Undergraduate Professorship for the years 2001-2003. Professor Saad Khan (who was promoted this year to Full Professor) received a 2001 Outstanding Teaching Award. Associate Professor Christine Grant received the 2001 Provost’s African American Professional Development Award and was inducted into the class of 2000 Academy of Women sponsored by the YWCA of Wake County. On all accounts, the past year has been an excellent year for well deserved recognition at the local and national levels of our outstanding faculty. Our graduate and undergraduate students have also had very rewarding years in terms of the recognition that has come to them. Brian Novick, a 5th year PhD student coadvised by Ruben Carbonell and Joe DeSimone, was the first NC State engineering student to win the Governor and Mrs. Dan K. Moore “Keeping North Carolina Clean and Beautiful” Award, a very prestigious statewide award. Eric Hoggan and Devin Flowers, also working with Ruben Carbonell and Joe DeSimone, had their microelectronics research featured in the December 18, 2000 issue of Chemical and Engineering News. Diane Wegl, a first year graduate student from Virginia Tech, recently (earlier in November) won the National AICHE Student Paper Competition at our annual meeting in Reno. Mr. Sushil Dhoot, a 4th year PhD student advised by Benny Freeman, won first place for best poster paper at a recent symposium honoring Professor Richard Gilbert; Ms. Julie McCormick, a 7th year PhD student advised by Professor Carol Hall, received second place for her presentation in the same competition. Mr. Keith Gawrys, a 4th year PhD student advised by Peter Kilpatrick and a National Science Foundation Pre-doctoral Graduate Fellow, won Third Place as ACD Scholar of the Year Award. ACD Labs is a chemistry computer graphics company and this was an international competition. Our undergraduate students have had comparable success in garnering much deserved recognition of their commitment to excellence. In Los Angeles in November 2000, our undergraduate student chapter CHE Newsletter • Fall 2001 became the only student chapter in the country to be recognized for the 5th consecutive year as a national “Outstanding Student Chapter.” This was followed just 3 weeks ago with a 6th consecutive citation at our annual meeting in Reno. Ms. Catherine Ward, who will receive her BS degree this year in both Chemical Engineering and in Biochemistry, received a Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship, which is a nationally competitive award (sponsored by the US Congress). Erik Welf, a senior double majoring in Chemical Engineering and in Wood and Paper Science, received a Udall Scholarship, also nationally competitive and awarded to only 80 scholars this year. Leslie Laborde, a 2001 BS graduate from our Department, was selected by Teach for America to receive a two year teaching fellowship with this prestigious service organization. Tomas Carbonell, a senior in Chemical Engineering, received the Porter Award at the Franklin Scholars banquet in April. Seth Whitaker won the Leadership award from the College of Engineering to recognize the senior who best exemplifies leadership in the College. Seth is now a first year law student at Harvard. Over 35% of our BS degree recipients graduated with honors. Overall, the past year has been a remarkable one in terms of the recognition our students have received, all an indication of the quality and dedication our students bring to their academic programs, their scholarship, service, and professional development. The past year has been an outstanding year in terms of developing our staff infrastructure as well. Ms. Natalie Worth joined the Department in October of 2000 as a University Administrative Manager, the highest grade position any of our staff have ever enjoyed. Natalie brings a wealth of university experience and substantial leadership to the Department, having received several distinguished performance and service awards in her career and having served on the staff senate for several years. In addition to her excellent service and management abilities, Natalie has superb accounting skills and has been invaluable in helping the Department grow in our total R&D expenditures and account management over the past 13 months. The Department has also initiated some professional and programmatic developments to enhance our quality. In the spring of 2001, Camille Dreyfus Professor Harold Hopfenberg returned to the Department and agreed to spearhead a task force on Peer Review of Teaching. The Department has now evaluated seven faculty and we hope to continue to encourage and foster excellence in teaching, an area in which the Department is renowned. In the Spring of 2002, the Department will convene 7 a meeting of its newly constituted External Academic Advisory Board, which includes Professor and Chairman Pablo Debenedetti of Princeton University, Professor Doug Lauffenburger of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Professor Bill Koros of the Georgia Institute of Technology, and Professor and Dean of the College of Engineering Eric Kaler of the University of Delaware. In addition, Dr. Steve Martin, a senior fellow and academic liaison of Dow Chemical R&D will join this distinguished Board, which will help the Department in our self assessment and desire to continually improve the quality and vitality of our academic and research programs. I look forward to another outstanding year in Chemical Engineering at North Carolina State University. I encourage the readers to play an active role and to take great pride and satisfaction in being part of an endeavor committed to excellence. 2001 Best Presentation Schoenborn Competition Re s u l t s Amitabh (Dave) Sehgal 2001 Poster Contest Results First - Rajendra Bhat Second - Keith Shockley Third - Ahmed Abdala Forth - Keith Gawrys Fifth - Lara Chang & Tao Wu 2000 Best Presentation Results First - Anne Voegler Smith Second - Jermy Walls Third - Julie McCormick 2000 Best Poster Results First - Jorge Pikunic Second - Jim Semler Third - Jeff Salm CHE Newsletter • Fall 2001 8 Recent Graduates July of 2000 James Joseph Chambers Doctor of Philosophy Advisor: Gregory N. Parsons “Reactions for Yttrium Silicate High-K Dielectrics” Joseph Robert Royer Doctor of Philosophy Advisors: Saad A. Khan & Joseph M. DeSimon “Supercritical Fluid Assisted Polymer Processing: Plasticization, Swelling, and Rheology” September of 2001 Xiaolei Sun Doctor of Philosophy Advisor: George W. Roberts “Promoted Zinc Chromite Catalyst for Higher Alcohol Synthesis in a Slurry Reactor” Matthew Douglas Burke Doctor of Philosophy Advisor: Saad A. Khan “Enzymatic Modification of Biopolymers, Solutions, and Hydrogels” September of 2000 Deborah Beth Kaufman Doctor of Philosophy Advisor: Ruben G. Carbonell “Interactions of Biomolecules with Peptide Affinity Supports” October of 2001 Amy Michel Roskowski Doctor of Philosophy Advisors: Gregory N. Parsons & Robert F. Davis “Novel Growth Methods of III-Nitrides on 6H-SiC” Michelle Elizabeth Arnold Doctor of Philosophy Advisor: Benny D. Freeman “Characterization of Microphase-Separated Block Copolymers for Membrane Applications” Atul Gupta Doctor of Philosophy Gregory N. Parsons “Surface Reactions During Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon and Silicon Based Dielectrics.” Manish Saraf Masters of Science Advisor: George W. Roberts “Continuous Polymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide; Polymer Weight Distribution” November of 2000 Sandra Gavalda Masters of Science Advisor: Keith E. Gubbins “Molecular Modeling of Carbon Aerogels” December of 2000 Monica Renee Hitchcock Doctor of Philosophy Advisor: Carol K. Hall “Monte Carlo Simulation ofComplete Phase Equilibria for Binary Mixtures.” May of 2001 Amit Khandelwal Masters of Science Advisor: H. Henry Lamb “Low-Temperature Plasma-Assisted Nitrogen Incorporation in Ultrathin SiO2 Films: Reaction Pathways for Top Surface, Sub-Surface, and Si-SiO2 Interfacial Nitridation” Anne Voegler Smith Doctor of Philosophy Advisor: Carol K. Hall “Simulations of Protein Aggregation and Refolding using a Novel Intermediate Resolution Protein Model.” November of 2001 PaaJoe Akoto-Ampaw Masters of Science Advisor: Christine S. Grant “Development of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Technique for High Pressure CO2 Applications”