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Short Abstracts
(from All Symposia)
Sixth
International Congress
on the Biology of Fish
Don MacKinlay
Christie MacKinlay
and
Tristan Gillan
1
The cardinal tetra is the most requested Amazonian
Short Abstracts ornamental fish in the world market. It dominates fish
exports from Brazil, and represents 80% of all fish
(Short Abstracts are listed in Alphabetical exported annually from the Amazon State. Importers
Order by the first Author of the Presentation) have reported high mortality rates, which contributed
to marketing losses. Water quality and maintaining
water condition stability are the most important factors
Effect of loading densities on stress that have been pointed out as being one of the causes
responses of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) for the high fish mortality rates. The purpose of this
juveniles during transport paper was establishing the lethal tolerance to pH, high
Janessa Sampaio de Abreu and low temperatures, ammonia and nitrite
Aquaculture Center, University of São Paulo State concentrations to cardinal tetras.
(CAUNESP), Via de Acesso Prof Paulo Donato
Castellane, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Gender and stress in rainbow trout: Does heat
jsampaio@fcav.unesp.br shock affect the response differently in males
Symposium: Stress Type: Poster and females?
Optimum loading condition for transport of matrinxã Afonso, L.O.B. and Iwama, G.K.
juveniles was assessed in a closed system with plastic Luis.Afonso@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
bags. Transport was conducted with fish (23.48 Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
0.42g) starved for 24h at densities of 83g L-1 (D1); Exposure of fish to stressors can elicit biochemical and
125g L-1 (D2); 168g L-1 (D3); 206g L-1 (D4). Fish physiological changes at multiple levels of biological
were sampled before loading (BL), after loading (AL), organization collectively known as stress responses.
immediately after transport (AT) and 24h after. Blood The physiological and cellular stress responses in fish
glucose and cortisol increased equally in fish of all have been studied in several species, but little is known
densities AL and AT, returning to the initial levels in about sex-related responses. In this study, we exposed
24h. No mortality was observed a week after the male and female juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
transport. mykiss) to 1-hour heat shock and then measured prior
to and at several times post-stress sex steroid hormones
The stress of health: Physiological responses and components of their physiological and cellular
to immunological challenge stress responses. Our goal was to demonstrate whether
Paige A. Ackerman and George K. Iwama sex-related differences may exist in commonly used
Univ of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada indicators of stress in fish.
Paige Ackerman [ackerman@interchange.ubc.ca]
Symposium: Stress Type: Oral Morphology and growth of the skeletal muscle
Organisms in the aquatic environment encounter tissue in the Nile tilapia larvae (Oreochromis
microbes that can reach concentrations of up to 109 niloticus) fed with a diet of increasing levels of
cells/mL. The ubiquitous nature of pathogens lysine
represents one of the most serious biological D.H.Aguiar
challenges that a fish may encounter and, although Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
disease is generally the exception rather than the rule, The effect of lysine amino acid supplementation in the
health remains a major issue in both fisheries and growth of the skeletal muscle was evaluated in larvae
aquaculture. While the physiological responses of of Oreochromis niloticus. Two different groups were
environmental stress have been extensively examined studied: a control and another which received a diet of
in fish, there is a large void in the understanding of increasing levels of lysine amino acid over a 30 day
how fish respond on a physiological level during an period. The morphological analysis of the myotomal
immune response. This study was undertaken to muscle was similar among the larvae that received
examine some of those relationships between different levels of lysine. However, the growth was
immunological challenge and the physiological stress superior in the muscle tissue of the control group. It
responses. was concluded that the lysine supplementation in the
diet does not promote the muscle tissue growth during
Tolerance to pH, temperature, ammonia and this development period.
nitrite of cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon
axelrodi, an Amazonian ornamental fish Sequencing cDNA of glutathione S-
Elizabeth G. Affonso transferase-alpha from liver of Piaractus
Aquicultura (Aquaculture Dept.) mesopotamicus
Instituto Nacional de Pesq. da Amazonia/INPA Rodolpho M. Albano
(National Institute of Amazonian Research) Dep. de Bioquímica - UERJ, Av. Professor Manuel
CP 478 Manaus, AM / Brasil CEP 69083-001 de Abreu, 144, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-070, Brazil.
pgusmao@inpa.gov.br Jayme Bastos [jbastos@uerj.br]
Symposium: Stress Type: Poster Symposium: Molecular Type: Poster
2
Carrying out characterization of glutathione S- dynamics, adequate management and for the
transferases (GST) from pacu (Piaractus conservation of these stingrays.
mesopotamicus), we found an unexpected high activity
of a hepatic cytosolic alpha-GST. We have not Importance of collections for studying
succeeded in using affinity column chromatography to parasitism: Isopods (Cymothoidae) in the
purify this major GST because unlike other alpha-GST ichthyological collection at the National
it did not bind to the ligands of resins commonly used. Research Institute of Amazon (INPA), Manaus,
This suggested that alpha-GST from pacu could have AM, Brazil
structural domains different from other alpha-GST. We Araujo, Cleusa Suzana.
tried to get the cDNA sequence for pacu alpha-GST, Centro Universitário Nilton Lins, 3259, Parque das
with the aim of inferring its amino acid sequence. A Laranjeiras. Manaus – AM – Brazil, 69058-040
cDNA fragment we found is 75% similar to a caraujo@niltonlins.br
corresponding sequence from Danio rerio. Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
Collections are mainly used for studying the deposited
Methyl parathion effect in matrinxa muscle organisms. However, it is possible to obtain relevant
and brain acetyl cholinesterase activity parasitological data from well-preserved fish. Studies
Luciana Cristina de Almeida, Lúcia Helena Aguiar and regarding the parasitism in collections are historical
Gilberto Moraes records, which contribute to a better understanding of
Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa, Departamento the geographical and temporal distribution of these
de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas organisms, as well as studying their parasitism indexes.
e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos. 10,299 fish collected in the ichthyological collection at
Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235. CEP-13565-905 INPA were analysed, and 105 isopods were found
São Carlos, SP, Brasil. parasitising the gill cavities, mouth, and perforating the
lu_ufscar@hotmail.com abdominal cavity. Parasites belonging to five genera
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster were recorded and two new ones were added to the
Pesticide use in aquatic environments of Brazil is Cymothoidae family.
frequent and methyl parathion is very common in
aquaculture. This study has determined the activity of Conservation status of freshwater stingrays
white muscle and brain acetyl cholinesterase of (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the
matrinxa exposed to low concentrations of Brazilian Amazon
environmental methyl parathion for 24 hours. There Maria Lúcia Góes de Araújo, Patrícia Charvet-Almeida
was 64.3% and 69.3% of acetyl cholinesterase and Maurício Pinto de Almeida
inhibition in muscle and brain respectively. These ESA.Universidade Estadual do Amazonas.Rua
activities were not recovered after 96 hours of Carvalho Leal 1777. Cachoeirinha
exposure. We concluded that acetyl cholinesterase Manaus, AM, Brazil 69005-000
from those tissues is inhibited by small amounts of maraujo@uea.edu.br
methyl parathion and the main effect is observed in the Symposium: Elasmobranchs Type: Oral
brain. Potamotrygonids are Elasmobranchs that share some
features with marine forms: low fecundity, late
Reproductive aspects of freshwater stingrays maturation and slow growth. Constraints of freshwater
(Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the environments make potamotrygonids more vunerable
Brazilian Amazon Basin to fisheries than their marine counterparts.
Patricia Charvet-Almeida; Maria Lúcia Góes de Potamotrygonidae have been fished for ornamental
Araújo & Mauricio Pinto de Almeida purposes for more than two decades in the Brazilian
pchalm@nautilus.com.br Amazon. Artisanal fisheries for food purposes also
Symposium: Elasmobranchs Type: Oral capture potamotrygonids. Commercial fisheries with
Potamotrygonid species present a reproductive mode trawl nets used to catch freshwater stingrays as
described as matrotrophic viviparity with bycatch. The main problems involving fishery and
trophonemata. Specimens of Potamotrygon motoro, P. conservation of this group are incorrect species
orbignyi, P. schroederi, P. scobina, Potamotrygon sp., identification and lost biological information.
Paratrygon aiereba and Plesiotrygon iwamae had
some of their reproductive aspects studied. The Stock-Enhancement in the Amazon – A tribute
reproductive cycle in these freshwater stingrays is to Carlos Araujo-Lima
directly related to the hydrologic cycle and to Carlos A.R.M. Araujo-Lima, Rodrigo Roubach, Levy
environmental variations. The species studied have C. Gomes, Heitor Martins-Jr., José Celso O. Malta
different reproductive periodicity and cycles include Coordenação de Pesquisas em Aqüicultura/CPAQ,
the following sequence of events: gonadal maturation, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/INPA,
copulation, pregnancy, birth and resting. The results C.P. 478, 69011-970, Manaus, AM, Brazil
contribute to the understanding of population roubach@inpa.gov.br
Symposium: Culture Type: Oral
3
Stock enhancement is used world wide to boost Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
fisheries yields, but it has never been used in the Nitrite is usually present in water bodies. It comes
Amazon to manage Colossoma populations or develop from the nitrification processes. High nitrite plasma
extensive aquaculture for small farmers. We tested the concentrations result in methemoglobin. This is unable
effectiveness of Colossoma stock enhancement in the to transport oxygen causing functional hypoxia. Fish
Amazon floodplain lakes. The experiment was were exposed to 0.6 mg/L N-NO2 for 24 and 96 hour
undertaken in 12 similar floodplain lakes (10-60 ha) periods. Blood, liver, kidney, white muscle, brain, and
stocked five with 5 cm Colossoma juveniles. Controls heart samples were analyzed. The metabolic profile
were unstocked lakes. Stocking significantly increased and the oxidative enzymes suggest that aerobic
the abundance of Colossoma in experimental lakes, but metabolism prevails. The protein and amino acid
mark-recapture experiments indicated that 45 to 135 catabolism is likely the cause of plasma ammonia
seeds are needed to produce one six-month (500 g) old increase. Brain and heart tissues were not injured under
fish. nitrite exposure.
Effects of three different levels of copherols Dietary calcium affects and waterborne
(vitamin E) on growth and white muscle cadmium contamination in rainbow trout
phosphate (ATP, ADP and AMP) of juvenile Bernardo Baldisserotto
tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de
Paulo Henrique Aride Santa Maria, 97105.900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
aride@inpa.gov.br bernardo@smail.ufsm.br
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
The present work described the effect of three different Rainbow trout were fed with four diets (20 mg Ca2+/g
levels of vitamin E (tocopherols) in diets. The vitamin food, 50 mg Ca2+/g food, 300 ug Cd/g food, and 300
E was measured in International Units (IU). The three ug Cd/g food + 50 mg Ca2+/g food) for 15 or 30 days.
tocopherols levels used were 0 IU/kg of diet, 80 IU/kg Ca2+ influx rate, Ca2+ and Cd influx rates with acute
of diet and 400 IU/kg of diet. The organic phosphate exposure to 50 ug/L Cd were measured. Dietary Cd
can be hydrolyzed to supplement the decrease of lead to an accumulation of this metal in the tissues,
aerobic ATP. The levels of organic phosphate can vary affects waterborne Cd uptake and internalization, and
in response of physiological stress, diet conditions and reduces waterborne Ca2+ uptake and internalization in
management. some tissues. Dietary Ca2+ supplementation does not
change effect of dietary Cd on waterborne Ca2+
Effect of crude oil exposed in hematological uptake, but reduces Cd accumulation in most tissues.
parameters and survival of tambaqui (C.
macropomum): Determination of LC50 for Does physiology or environment limit
juveniles swimming performance?
Paulo Aride Henry James Bannon, Nicholas Ling
aride@inpa.gov.br Ctr for Biodivers Ecology Research, The University of
Symposium: Stress Type: Poster Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
The present work described the effect of different nling@waikato.ac.nz
levels of crude oil in the water on hematological Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
parameters and survival of tambaqui juveniles. Understanding the effects of water quality on the
Hematological parameters were used to evaluate swimming performance of migratory fishes is crucially
physiological disturbances and adjustments. important to fisheries managers. We have established
Parameters such as hematocrit, hemoglobin and red that increased temperature and mild hypoxia limit the
blood cells were measured for different treatments. sustained swimming performance of trout parr,
The possibility of accidents in oil refineries, industries although physiological acclimation can redress
and transport can be reduced by many parameters in impairment to some degree. We have extended this
adjacent areas, especially in wild areas. In the Central study using older fish (smolt-stage) and examined the
Amazon, we have the Urucu Base (Petrobras-BR) for effects of anaemia on swimming performance. Our
example. results indicate that although these older fish
demonstrate greater capacity to perform under extreme
Biochemical responses of matrinxa (Brycon conditions it is environmental oxygen availability
cephalus) Characidae exposed to rather than physiological oxygen transport that is the
environmental nitrite major factor limiting performance at elevated
Ive Marchioni Avilez, L H de Aguiar, A E Altran, T S temperatures.
F Hori and Gilberto Moraes
Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Changes in fish species assemblage
Federal de São Carlos Rod Washington Luís, km 235, composition after dredging operations in
São Carlos, SP, Brazil CEP 13565-905 Paranaguá Estuary (South Brazil).
Gilberto Moraes [gil@power.ufscar.br] Mário Barletta & Adriana Couto
4
Dpto. de Oceanografia – UFPE. Av.Arquitetura s/n observed between M. surmuletus - “clients” and T.
Cidade Universitária 50740-550, Recife, PE, Brazil pavo and C. julis - “cleaners”.
mfc@ufpe.br
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster Hypoxia stress in Nile tilapia Oreochromis
Demersal fish of Paranaguá Estuary (South Brazil) niloticus fed different dietary levels of
were sampled before, during and after dredging the selenium and vitamin E
main channel. In this study 7028 fishes of 31 species, Margarida M. Barros1
weighing 416kg were captured. The family Ariidae AquaNutri – Aquatic Animal Nutrition Laboratory.
represented 65% and 92% of total capture, São Paulo State University – UNESP Veterinary and
respectivally in number and weight. Cathorops spixii Animal Science College Botucatu, São Paulo, C.P.
was the most important species in number (51%) and 560, Brazil
weight (80%). ANOVA results for the variables mbarros@fca.unesp.br
number of the individuals of Netuma barba and weight Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
and number of individuals of Mentichirrus americanus Selenium and vitamin E are antioxidants, which can
showed significant differences. According to a protect fish under stress. Supplementation of selenium
posteriori Tukey test the samples taken before the (0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg) and vitamin E (100.0; 200.0 and
dredging process contained more fish. 400.0 mg/kg) in diets were evaluated based on
hematological parameters of Nile tilapia in a hypoxic
The role of salinity on fish species condition (1.92 ± 1.00 mg DO/L) before and after six
assemblages in the main channel of days. Supplementation of selenium and vitamin E did
Paranaguá Estuary – South Brazil not affect hematology; 0.25 mg Se and 50.00 mg of
(Tropical/sub-tropical transition zone) vitamin E changed erythrocytes after stress;
Mario Barletta, Ulrich Saint-Paul hemoglobin concentration was affected by selenium in
Dpto. de Oceanografia – UFPE. Av.Arquitetura s/n 200.00 mg vitamin E; 1.92 mg OD/L for six days did
Cidade Universitária 50740-550, Recife, PE, Brazil not show oxidative stress as hematological parameters
mfc@ufpe.br were unchanged.
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
The seasonal changes of fish species biomass, density Sex steroid inhibition of cortisol metabolism:
and diversity were investigated in Paranaguá Estuary. Mechanism of post-spawning mortality in
Between June/2000 and July/2001 237 samples were Pacific salmon?
taken. Eighty-eight species and 65,000 fish weighing 2 Terence P. Barry
tons were captured. The total mean density and tpbarry@wisc.edu
biomass were estimated (0.2 ind m-2; 3.4 g m-2). The Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
number of species and total density differed Hypercortisolism mediates the die-off of spawning
significantly amongst areas and seasons. During the Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhyncus) by causing tissue
rainy season, more fishes concentrated in the middle of degeneration, suppressing the immune system, and
the estuary. Salinity is stable in the middle- and lower impairing homeostatic mechanisms. The cause of this
estuary even during the rainy season. Independent hypercortisolism is not known. Here we report that the
from season, the estuarine resident species remain in primary cortisol-metabolizing enzyme in coho salmon
the ecosystem. (O. kitscush) is inhibited by physiological
concentrations of 17a,20b-dihydroxyprogesterone. The
Following associations with the striped red enzyme, a sulfotransferase, is not present in
mullet Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 iteroparous rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Our results may
(Perciformes: Mullidae) from the Azores explain the physiological mechanism regulating peri-
João P. Barreiros & Marta S. C. Soares ovulatory hypercortisolism and the post-spawning
Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos death of Pacific salmon.
Açores, 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
jpedro@angra.uac.pt Cytosolic glutathione S-transferases from
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster liver of Piaractus mesopotamicus
In this study we report Mullus surmuletus being Vera L. F. Cunha Bastos
followed intraspecifically and by individual fish of the Dep. de Bioquímica - UERJ, Av. Professor Manuel de
species: Thalassoma pavo, Coris julis, Diplodus Abreu, 144, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-070, Brazil
sargus cadenati and Serranus atricauda. This study jbastos@uerj.br
implied 35h of observation, between October 2001 and Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
August 2002, in shallow water and over sand, in Neotropical fishes have been increasingly exposed to
Terceira and São Miguel islands, Azores. Red mullets xenobiotics, in nature and in farms, but little is known
excavate sand, searching for benthic animals and about the biochemistry of their intoxication.
feeding on them. This behaviour attracts other species, Glutathione S-transferases (GST) conjugate
which take advantage of the disturbance and capture xenobiotics with reduced glutathione (GSH) increasing
prey themselves. Cleaning behaviour was also their hydrosolubility and excretion. Specific substrates
5
were used to standardize optimal conditions for assays the amazon: basis for management and
of cytosolic GST from liver of pacu (Piaractus conservation
mesopotamicus). Two GST-mu were identified, a Batista, J. S.; Formiga-Aquino, K.; Farias, I.F. &
homodimer with molecular mass of 23.8 kDa per Alves-Gomes, J.A
subunit, and a heterodimer with two polypeptides of Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biologia Aquática –
21.3 kDa and 23.8 kDa. The GST-pi found in liver of INPA, Manaus, Brazil
pacu is a homodimer with molecular mass of 23.8 kDa Jacqueline Batista [jac@inpa.gov.br]
per subunit. Symposium: Communities Type: Oral
Piramutaba - Brachyplatistoma vaillantii and Dourada
Purification and biochemical characterization - B. Rousseauxii are the most important two catfish
of a novel butyrylcholinesterase from fish species being captured in the Amazon by both artisanal
serum and commercial fishing fleets from Iquitos (Peru) to
J. Cunha Bastos the estuary of the Amazonas river, in Belem. They
Dep. de Bioquímica - UERJ, Av. Professor Manuel de have differentiated areas for feeding/growth and
Abreu, 144, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-070, Brazil reproduction that seasonally migrates in order to
Jayme Bastos [jbastos@uerj.br] complete their life cicle. The main objective of this
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster study was to estimate the genetic variability among
We assayed a cholinesterase from serum of piauçu and between individuals of B. rousseauxii and B.
(Leporinus macrocephalus) that catalyzes Vaillantii collected in five points along the Amazonas-
butyrylthiocholine hydrolysis with the highest activity Solimoes river in order to study genetic stocks and
ever described. Using procainamide-Sepharose affinity delineate a basis for management and conservation
and gel filtration HPLC, we managed to purify this strategies for these comercial fishes.
butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) for the first time from
fish serum. It is a dimer with 66 kDa subunits under Reproductive period and size of the first
reducing conditions and it shows isoelectric points gonad maturation of the Hippocampus reidi
from pH 4.7 to 5.1. Its N-terminal presented homology sea-horse in the Brazilian northeast region
with BChE from other sera. This BChE was activated Rosana Beatriz Silveira and N.F. Fontoura
by high concentrations of butyrylthiocholine, and Laboratório de Aqüicultura Marinha-
displayed high sensitivity to iso-OMPA and low to LABAQUAC/Projeto Hippocampus
BW284c51. Butyrylcholinesterase may avoid Rua Saberé s/n, Praça Sete, Porto de Galinhas, Ipojuca,
poisoning of fish by scavenging organophosphate PE, Brazil
pesticides. labaquac@yahoo.com
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
Fish species commercialised in Manaus: A The reproductive period of the H. reidi in the estuary
revision on the life cycle and biological of Maracaípe river, northwest of Brazil, extends
parameters throughout the year. However, there was a variation in
Batista, G.S.; Soares, M. G. M.; Freitas, C. E. C.; the reproductive intensity that peaked between June
Yamamoto, K. C. and October. The size of the first gonad maturation
Coordenação de Biologia Aquática, Instituto Nacional (L50) is approximately 13.5 cm high. These dates were
de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA calculated for the first time for H. reidi and suggest a
yamamoto@inpa.gov.br minimum size for commercial fishing that would fulfill
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster the species preservation need, and allow human
This paper displays an abstract regarding the populations that live on such fishing to use this
knowledge on biology (feeding, reproduction), resource in a sustainable way.
population dynamics, and ecology of Cichla
monoculus (tucunaré), Prochilodus nigricans Chloride levels in the gastrointestinal content
(curimatã), Schizodon fasciatum (aracu), of three teleost species with different feeding
Semaprochilodus insignis (jaraqui escama grossa) and habits
T. elongatus (sardinha comprida), fish commercialised Alexssandro G. Becker
in Manaus AM based on literature data. Based on Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de
revised data, jaraqui, curimatã and tucunaré show to be Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
the most studied species in the region. For the other alexbecker@mail.ufsm.br
two species, we conclude that the knowledge regarding Symposium: Ions Type: Poster
their life cycles is still too incipient to be the scientific Present work determined intestinal quotient (IQ),
basis for implementing legal policies for the digestive somatic index (DSI), hepatic somatic index
preservation of fish stocks. (HSI), and chloride levels in the fluids of the
gastrointestinal tract of Hoplosternum littorale
Genetic variability studies of Piramutaba - (omnivore, with preference for invertebrates), Rhamdia
Brachyplatistoma vaillantii and Dourada - B. quelen (omnivore, with preference for fish) and
Rousseauxii (Pimelodidae: Siluriformes) in Hoplias malabaricus (piscivore). The obtained results
6
showed that the IQ (but not DSI and HSI) can be a Development of the anterior portion of the
useful parameter to define the feeding habit. Moreover, pintado larvae (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans)
Cl- levels in the gastrointestinal tract are affected by digestive tract
feeding habit, and these levels can be different from Francisco Javier Hernandez-Blazquez
plasma. Univ of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando
Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP
The development of sustainable aquaculture fjhblazq@usp.br
technology of “bijupira” from hatchery to Symposium: Egg Type: Poster
market We studied the histology of the digestive tract of
Daniel D. Benetti Pseudoplatystoma coruscans larvae between 3 and 16
MAF - RSMAS - University of Miami, 4600 days after hatching (DAH). The oxyntopeptic cells
Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami FL 33149 USA appear in the stomach 11 DAH. The gastric glands
dbenetti@mail.rsmas.miami.edu only develop 13 DAH. The intestine is divided into
Symposium: Culture Type: Oral intestinal bulb (cranial) and proximal intestine
Hatchery and growout technology for the reliable (caudal). At 16 DAH, the intestinal bulb lumen
production of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and decreases. The stomach volume increases and assumes
other candidate species for offshore aquaculture are the storage function. The presence of gastric glands at
discussed in this paper. Most recently, we have been 13 DAH indicates that gastric digestion occurs, which
working towards the development of sustainable suggests that the larvae are ready to efficiently process
microbial management in live feeds and larval rearing formulated feeds instead of live food.
tanks, including disinfection methods and the use of
probiotic bacteria. During a demonstration project off Effect of salinity on RNA/DNA ratio of
Culebra Is., Puerto Rico, by Snapperfarm, cobia grew Cyprinodon dearborni
to an average of 6.03 kg (SD=2.4; CV=39%) or 13.3 lb Boada. M, Lemus M., Velásquez W. and K. Chung
in one year, ranging in size from 1.7-9.1 kg (4-20 lb). Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela. Departamento
Estimated survival rate was > 95%, and feed de Biología Escuela de Ciencias. Universidad de
conversion rate (FCR) was 1:2. Oriente, Venezuela. Cumaná 6101
mboada@inea.gov.ve
Characterization and analysis of expressed Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
sequence tags (est) from hypophysis and Adult organisms of Cyprinodon dearborni were
brain of Colossoma macropomum exposed to changes of salinity from 36 to 16 ‰ during
Alexandra Regina Bentes-Sousa et al. 17 days. The salinity was diminished in two units per
INPA-COPE, Molec Biol Lab, Manaus, AM, Brazil. day. Samples of C. dearborni were taken after 0, 7, 14
jirporto@inpa.gov.br and 17 days of exposure. The relation of RNA/DNA
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster was determined in white epaxial muscle by
Our participation in the Brazilian National Genome fluorometric methods. RNA/DNA presented
Research Consortium led us to develop competence in significant differences in relation to the changes of
the field of genomics. Taking into account the salinity and time of exposure. Higher relation
knowledge acquired, we constructed a mixed cDNA RNA/DNA and protein were observed in organisms
library of hypophysis and brain of an Amazonian fish exposed to 26 ‰ of salinity.
species, in order to analyse their expressed sequence
tags (EST). The tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Water pH and urinary excretion in silver
was chosen as a model and the cDNA library led us to catfish
obtain sequences that coresponded with teleost fishes, Bolner, K.C.S.
mainly the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio. The results Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de
obtained have opened up unprecedented perspectives Santa Maria, 97105.900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
and could have many implications for the development keidi_bolner@yahoo.com.br
of biotechnological strategies in the Amazon. Symposium: Ions Type: Poster
In this study specimens (100-300 g) of silver catfish
Temperature sensitivity and E-coupling in (Rhamdia quelen) were anaesthetized, urinary bladder
tuna hearts cannulated, and then exposed to pH 7.5, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0,
Jason M. Blank, J M. Morrissette, A Landeira- or 9.0. Urine was collected throughout four days, and
Fernandez, T D. Williams, and B A. Block within this period fish were fasting. The decrease of
Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Cl- and ammonia urinary excretion with increase of
Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 silver catfish weight might be related to the fact that
jblank@stanford.edu larger fish present lower metabolism, and therefore
Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Oral urinary excretion decreases. The increase of water pH
also increased significantly urine pH, indicating that
kidney and urinary bladder could participate in the
7
acclimation of silver catfish to acidic or alkaline possesses a high degree of identity with cold inducible
environments. RNA binding proteins of mammals. A third gene
codes for a protein that appears to be a phospholipase.
Evaluation of diet digestibility supplemented
with amylase and solubilized starch for Behavioral responses of juvenile estuarine-
pirarucu, Arapaima gigas dependant fishes to declining dissolved
Bordinhon, A.M.; Pereira-Filho, M.; Roubach, R.; oxygen: Avoidance, recovery, and acclimation
Cavero, B.A.S.; Fonseca, F.A.; Ituassú, D.R. Brady, D.C. and Targett, T.E.
andremb@inpa.gov.br University of Delaware, Graduate College of Marine
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster Studies, Lewes, DE 19958
Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) is a carnivorous fish from damian@UDel.Edu
the Amazon that needs high levels of protein to sustain Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
its growth. Treatments were: ration without exogenous How fish react behaviorally to environmental stress is
amylase and raw wheat flour; ration without an important determinant of distribution and exposure.
exogenous amylase and cooked wheat flour; ration We exposed juvenile weakfish and summer flounder to
with amylase with raw wheat flour; and ration with decreasing followed by increasing dissolved oxygen
exogenous amylase and cooked wheat flour. (DO) (100%, 5%, 100% sat.) and recorded swimming
Digestibility values were obtained from two feces speed and survival. As DO decreased, weakfish
collection methods: fish dissection and feaces in the increased swimming speed until ~40% sat., then
water. The low digestibility coefficients indicate rapidly decreased activity whereas summer flounder
pirarucu‟s low ability to digest carbohydrates. decreased swimming speed throughout. With
However, results showed higher digestibility with subsequent DO increase, weakfish generally resumed
cooked wheat flour and an even higher digestibility routine activity sooner than summer flounder. We also
coefficient with the exogenous amylase. acclimated weakfish to diel cycling hypoxia for ten
days and repeated exposure. Acclimation significantly
Sperm motility of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) in increased survival. Weakfish and summer flounder
differents saline solutions use life-history specific strategies to minimize
Adriana Borges hypoxia-induced stress.
Departament of Physiology, UFRGS, RS, Brazil
adriana.borges@vortex.ufrgs.br Preliminary observations on the feeding of the
Symposium: Egg Type: Poster freshwater stingrays Potamotrygon orbignyi,
Jundiá Rhamdia quelen Siluriformes, Pimelodidae, Potamotrygon scobina and Plesiotrygon
have a good growth rate, a high fertilization and iwamae (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)
hatching rates and are accepted by consumers (Gomes in the Cotijuba Island Region - Pará - Brazil
et al., 2000). Usually, the motility of activated Alexandre José Machado Bragança; Patricia Charvet-
spermatozoa is an important indicator of sperm quality. Almeida & Ronaldo Borges Barthem
The objective of this work was to determine the effects Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG), Coordenação
of distilled water and different saline solution de Zoologia - Ictiologia, Avenida Perimetral, 1901,
concentrations on sperm cell motility of jundiá. The Terra Firme, Belém, PA, Brazil - 66077-530
results showed that the motility depends upon the ion ajmbraganca@click21.com.br
composition of the environment. Symposium: Elasmobranchs Type: Poster
Preliminary observations on the feeding of
Novel genes involved in adaptation of salmon Potamotrygon orbignyi, Potamotrygon scobina and
to the marine environment Plesiotrygon iwamae were performed with specimens
Terry Bradley collected in the Cotijuba Island Region. The food items
Dept. of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, were identified and for each item the following
Bldg. 14, East Farm parameters were observed: %F.O.; %N ; %P; IRI;
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA %IRI; Repletion Level and Degree of Digestion. The
tbradley@uri.edu results indicated that these freshwater stingrays feed
Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral mainly on crustaceans but some item variations were
Anadromous salmonids contend with hyperosmotic observed among these three species. The Repletion
stress as juveniles during seaward migration. This Level and Degree of Digestion indicated, respectively,
osmotic stress is more acute in routine aquaculture that stomachs were half filled with food and that food
practice, in which juveniles are directly transferred items were not very digested.
from freshwater to seawater. Here we report on the
isolation and characterization of several novel cDNAs Stocking density of matrinxã juveniles during
from salmon exposed to osmotic stress. One cDNA second growth phase in cages
codes for a 21 kDa protein with 98% identity to Rbx1, Franmir Rodrigues Brandão, Levy de Carvalho
an E3 ubiquitin ligase. A second clone contains a 1.3 Gomes, Edsandra Campos Chagas, Lucelle Dantas de
kb transcript coding for a 21.5 kDa protein that Araújo, André Luiz Ferreira Silva, Clichenner Silva
8
Embrapa – Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal da Effect of anesthetics on stress and
Amazônia Ocidental, Caixa Postal 319, CEP 69011- the innate immune system of gilthead
970, Manaus, AM, Brazil seabream
levy@cpaa.embrapa.br (Sparus aurata)
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster Keren Bressler and Benny Ron
The objective of this work was to determine the National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic
adequate stocking density until second growth phase of and Limnological Research,
caged matrinxã. Twelve 1-m3 cages were used in four P.O. Box 1212, Eilat 88112, Israel
different fish densities: 200, 300, 400 and 500 fish/m3. Benny Ron [ronbenny@agri.huji.ac.il]
Fish were fed commercial diets with 36% of crude Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
protein during 60 days. Fish weight, length, length Anesthesia may depress the immune system in
coefficient variation, specific growth rate and glucose mammals and fish. In the present work, two
were analyzed in 30 and 60 days of culture. At the end anesthetics used in aquaculture, clove oil (0.445 mM)
of the experiment, productivity parameters were and benzocaine (0.225 mM), were tested to observe
evaluated. Results indicated that a density of 500 their effects on the stress response and innate immune
fish/m3 is more adequate for a second growth phase of system activity of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).
caged matrinxã. Results showed that both anesthetics induced increased
blood glucose and serum cortisol levels. In addition,
The effect of silver on growth and benzocaine depressed lysozyme activity, production of
ionoregulatory development in early life reactive oxygen species and pinocytosis activity. These
stages of rainbow trout were not depressed by clove oil, suggesting that clove
Colin Brauner oil is a safer anesthetic for seabream as it does not
Department of Zoology, 6270 University Blvd. cause immunodepression in anesthetized fish.
Univ of B C, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
Colin Brauner [brauner@zoology.ubc.ca] Reproductive strategy of a primitive temperate
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus
Continuous exposure to 1.0 mg/L total silver for 2 Paul Brickle, Vladimir Laptikhovsky and A Arkhipkin
months resulted in a pronounced reduction in whole Falkland Islands Government Fisheries Department,
body Na+,K+ ATPase activity (NAK), unidirectional PO Box 598, Stanley, Falkland Islands.
Na+ uptake (Jin Na+) and whole body Na+ and Cl- PBrickle@fisheries.gov.fk
levels in rainbow trout. Higher water Cl- levels and Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
dissolved organic carbon offered some degree of The reproductive biology of Eleginops maclovinus was
protection; however, less than routinely observed studied in the Falkland Islands between October 2000
during acute silver exposure. Mortality, larval [Na+] , and December 2003. Sex ratios and length frequency
Jin Na+, and NAK all appear to be correlated with analysis suggested that E. maclovinus is a protandrous
silver body burden and calculated water Ag+ during hermaphrodite and this was confirmed by gonad
chronic silver exposure and there appears to be histology. The size of first maturity (male) was found
potential to model chronic toxicity. (Supported by to be 30.73 cm LT. Eleginops maclovinus was found to
Kodak Canada and NSERC CRD Program). have the smallest eggs and highest fecundity among
the notothenioids. Further analysis provided evidence
Acid-base regulation in Amazonian fishes that spawning occurs between August and December
Colin Brauner and their eggs are likely to be pelagic. This unique
Department of Zoology, 6270 University Blvd. reproductive strategy is discussed from an evolutionary
Univ of B C, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada point of view.
Colin Brauner [brauner@zoology.ubc.ca]
Symposium: Ions Type: Oral Effect of salinity on the ionic homeostasis and
During exposure to hypercapnia, Liposarcus pardalis, LC50 of the tambaqui, Colossoma
an air-breathing catfish from the Amazon, exhibits a macropomum
pronounced extracellular acidosis that remains largely Richard Philip Brinn
uncompensated over the following 24-96h. In most Marine Biol Dept, Florida International University
vertebrates, intracellular pH (pHi) is influenced by Richard Brinn [rpbrinn@yahoo.com]
extracellular pH (pHe); however, in L. pardalis, pHi of Symposium: Culture Type: Oral
heart, liver and muscle is maintained during During transport salt is commonly used as a stress
environmental hypercapnia, despite large reductions in response mitigator. Two different experimental
plasma pH. Only two other vertebrates appear capable approaches where performed. Initially determining the
of complete preferential regulation of pHi in the face LC 50 for the tambaqui and secondly simulating a salt-
of a largely uncompensated extracellular acidosis. The water exposure with three salinity levels (5, 10 and
ubiquity of this strategy among Amazonian fishes 15ppt) plus a control (0 ppt), followed by a recovery
remains to be investigated. period in which the ionic (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl-) flux
was monitored. At the end of the recovery several
9
plasmatic parameters including the ones used for the 333 sampling sites (158 rivers and streams, 15
flow, plus hematocrit, pHi and pHe where analyzed. catchments) were characterized by historical presence
of native fishes and 15 environmental variables linked
Ion channel arrest in the anoxic goldfish brain to climate, geomorphology and location. These
Les Buck variables were collected from a geographic
Dept of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON information system. Cluster and discriminant analysis
Les Buck [buckl@zoo.utoronto.ca] were performed to define the river types. A
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral discriminant function based on environmental
The goldfish (Carassius auratus) is one of the most variables was established. Five river types were
anoxia tolerant vertebrates known, surviving weeks defined: “High mountain”; “Low Mediterranean
without oxygen. In anoxia sensitive vertebrates, a lack mountain”; “Humid Mediterranean mountain”;
of oxygen results in excitotoxic cell death by over- “Littoral streams”; “Ebro basin main rivers”.
stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
receptors leading to uncontrolled Ca2+ entry into Preliminary results on the settlement of post
neurons and cellular injury. We tested the hypothesis larvae and juveniles of fishes on a coral reef
that goldfish neurons resist excitotoxicity during of Guadeloupe Island (French West Indies)
anoxia by decreasing the Ca2+ permeability of NMDA D. Calichiama
receptors. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
NMDA receptor currents where performed in goldfish The recruitment of post larvae and juveniles of fishes
brain slices during a normoxic-anoxic transition. on a coral reef of Guadeloupe Island was studied in
Following 20-40 minutes of anoxic perfusion, there order to identify the abiotic factors influencing the
was a 55-60 % reduction in NMDA currents. We settlement. Four sampling periods of 24 hours long
conclude that “ion channel arrest” occurs in the anoxic were carried out at different lunar phases with a
goldfish brain. passive fish trap. A total of 920 juveniles representing
39 families of fishes were captured. The maximun
Metabolic wastes in fish: Endogenous and values of abundance and diversity of recruited
exogenous determinants juveniles were reached during the night and at new
Dominique P. Bureau moon; the minimum values were reached during the
dbureau@uoguelph.ca day and at full moon. Moreover, fish abundance was
Symposium: Culture Type: Oral also positively correlated with swell amplitude and tide
Metabolic wastes, such as ammonia and phosphate, level.
produced by fish reared under intensive conditions
impose constraints on productivity and may lead to Hematological parameters of jundiá (Rhamdia
environmental degradation problems. To what extent quelen) originating from the natural
the excretion of these metabolic wastes is determined environment
by endogenous (biological) factors or by exogenous Camargo, Sabrina Ortiz and J F Pouey
(e.g. dietary, environmental) factors is not always well- Pelotas Federal University, Post 354 UFPel/FAEM/DZ
defined. Studies comparing different fish species – 96010-970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
and/or fish of different sizes/ages, fed diets of different Sabrinaortiz2002@yahoo.com.br
compositions under different environmental conditions Symposium: Culture Type: Oral
are allowing us to gain a better understanding of the The objective of this study was to describe the
impact of these different factors. Significant hematological parameters of jundiá, originating from
differences among fish species or fish of different the natural environment. 54 fish were used and
sizes/ages have been highlighted. This suggests that separated into two groups: G1 with an average
while metabolic wastes are ultimately of dietary standard length from 20 to 30 cm and G2 from 30 to
origins, endogenous factors can play a very significant 40 cm. After anesthetization blood was collected
role in the amount of wastes released by fish. through caudal puncture, using needle and syringe
containing EDTA at 10%. Group G1 (2.120.31 x 106/
Towards a regionalization of Mediterranean l) showed significantly higher numbers of total
type rivers: A first step for the use of fish erythrocytes (RBC) compared to G2 (1.90.2 x 106/ l).
communities as indicators of environmental Hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (HGB) showed
degradation values around 34% and 10g/dl, respectively.
Nuno Caiola1 Erythrocyte indexes such as mean corpuscular volume
Dept. Animal Biology (Vertebrates). Faculty of (VCM) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM)
Biology. University of Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal, were significantly higher in G2 (VCM= 172.112.6 fl
645. 08028 Barcelona, Spain and HCM= 52.34.1 pg.
caiola@bio.ub.es
Symposium: Communities Type: Oral The influence of changes in activity level and
A fish based regionalization of rivers from NE Iberian temperature on cardio-respiratory control and
Peninsula (Catalonia, Spain) is proposed. A total of
10
heart rate variability in temperate and
Antarctic fishes Response of the nucleolar activity in the gill
Hamish Campbell, W. Davison, S. Egginton, L. and liver of the Neotropical silverside,
Sundin, E.W. Taylor and J. Turesson Odontesthes bonariensis (Pisces:
Department of Physiology & School of Biological Atherinidae) exposed to sublethal waterborne
Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK concentration of two heavy metals (Cd(II) and
E.W.TAYLOR@bham.ac.uk Cr(VI)) with different mechanisms of action
Symposium: Respiration Type: Oral Pedro Carriquiriborde, Fernando N. Dulout, Julio C. de
Oxygen consumption (MO2) and heart rate (fH), Luca; Alicia E. Ronco
expressed as R-R interval, were monitored in the short- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente
horned sculpin and in the black cod. Heart rate (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad
variability (HRV), was measured as standard deviation Nacional de La Plata. Calle 47 y 115 s/n (1900) La
in the R-R interval (SDRR). Mean R-R interval in the Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
sculpin increased to a steady state 72 h post-surgery. pcarriqu@quimica.unlp.edu.ar
SDRR took 120 h to stabilise and this showed a good Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
correlation with post-surgical recovery in MO2. In the present study the response of the nucleolar
Similar relationships were established for the black cod activity was assessed in the gill and liver of the
following surgery or feeding. Vagal projections into Neotropical silverside Odontesthes bonariensis
the medulla of the sculpin were established using the (Pisces: Atherinidae) exposed to sublethal waterborne
neural tract tracer Fast Blue, followed by concentrations of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) during 0.5, 1, 2, 4,
microinjection of glutamate. 6, 12, 24, 48, 192 and 384h. In the gill, the effect
caused by Cd(II) and Cr(VI) on nucleolar volume
Effect of dietary Ca2+ on growth and survival (NV) and nucleoli number (NN) were equivalent; in
of silver catfish fingerlings (Rhamdia quelen) the liver the response of the nucleolar parameters were
exposed to pH 7.5 and 9.0 different depending on the metal. Findings can be
Copatti, C. E. explained in terms of the current knowledge of
carlos.copatti@bol.com.br nucleolar physiology and the mechanism of action of
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster each element.
Silver catfish fingerlings were randomly placed in a
thermo-regulated water re-use system with twelve Changes in gill and hepatic nucleolar activity
250L tanks. There were four treatment diets: the of the Neotropical silverside Odontesthes
control diet (0.3%), 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% Ca2+ in two bonariensis (Pisces: Atherinidae) in response
experiments (pH 7.5 and 9.0) There were three to feeding levels
replicates/treatment. The increase of water pH to 9.0 Pedro Carriquiriborde, Fernando N. Dulout, Julio C. de
reduced significantly weight and length , but this effect Luca; Alicia E. Ronco
was not significantly affected by the addition of Ca2+ Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente
to the diet. Moreover, there was a good correlation (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad
between Ca2+ in the diet and length and weight at pH Nacional de La Plata. Calle 47 y 115 s/n (1900) La
7.5 and length at pH 9.0. Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Pedro Carriquiriborde
Changes in fishery landings as a function of pcarriqu@quimica.unlp.edu.ar
the hydrologic cycle Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
Cardoso, R. S. & Freitas, C.E.C. The responses of the nucleolar parameters (volume
Fisheries Science Department (NV) and number (NN)) were assessed in the gill and
Amazon Federal University liver of Odontesthes bonariensis (Pisces: Atherinidae)
3000, General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos Avenue exposed to a reduction in the feeding levels during a
Manaus, AM, Brazil maximum period of two weeks. NV was very sensitive
cefreitas@ufam.edu.br to changes in the feeding regime of fish, showing an
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster exponential decrease with time and quickly reaching a
The Madeira River is the main tributary on the right new equilibrium state according to the new feeding
side of the Amazon River. Its fishery resource has been regime. No response was observed in NN. Results
continuously exploited for fishing fleets of both support nucleolar size as a sensitive indicator of the
Manaus and Porto Velho. Besides this, these resources physiological condition of the fish that could be useful
sustain a small-scale fishery destined for supplying for aquaculture purposes in countries with scarce
small towns and riverine communities near local resources.
hydrographic basins. Fishery landings were sampled
between July 2001 and December 2002 in Manicoré, to Genetic structure of Cichla cf. monoculus in
record patterns of fish exploitation. The patterns found the Bolivian Amazon as revealed by Intron
exhibit strong seasonality related to the hydrologic Length Polymorphism (EPIC-PCR)
cycle of Madeira River. Fernando Carvajal et al.
11
ULRA-Universidad Mayor San Simón, Cochabamba, 20 C, respectively and 710 ± 70 and 1010 ± 60 mg g-
Bolivia 1 wet mass in fish exposed to copper in water with pH
fcvalle@hotmail.com 4.5 and pH 8.0 (p>0.05) at 30 C, respectively.
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
The genetic structure of Cichla cf. monoculus was Physiological analysis of matrinxã (Brycon
studied in the main rivers of the Bolivian Amazon cephalus) when bred in stream channel and
using the length polymorphism of 6 intronic loci pond culture systems
(EPIC-PCR). Four very distinct populations of C. cf. Carvalho, C.M.;
monoculus were found. We observed that genetic Aquicultura (Aquaculture Dept.)
fluxes between populations are made through the main Instituto Nacional de Pesq. da Amazonia/INPA
river courses and not through the flooded plains. The (National Institute of Amazonian Research)
highest polymorphism was observed in the Yata-Itenez CP 478 Manaus, AM / Brasil CEP 69083-002
population. The results suggested that the Itenez has pgusmao@inpa.gov.br
been a refuge zone or an intermediate step during the Symposium: Culture Type: Poster
colonization of Bolivian rivers by Cichla from the Matrinxã have shown positive aspects for its
Madeira. The other Bolivian rivers were probably investment in intensive culture systems. Efforts have
colonized from this "source" population. been made for intensifying its culturing in Amazônia,
the results of which have shown high growth and low
2,3,7,8-TCDD effects on visual structure and mortality rates. These studies reveal that breeding
function in swim-up rainbow trout matrinxã in stream channels might be a promising
Paulo S. M. Carvalho alternative for the region, especially in small land
UFSC - CCB - Depto. Bioquímica C.P. 476 - Cidade holds. The aim of this study was to carry out a monthly
Universitária Florianópolis - SC - 88040-900 Brazil monitoring of the physiological parameters of matrinxa
pcarvalho@ccb.ufsc.br bred in stream channels. These findings were
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral compared with those obtained for matrinxãs kept in
We applied a range of biochemical, histological, and breeding sites.
behavioral endpoints related to visual structure and
function and foraging behavior to evaluate effects of Biochemical, histological and behavioural
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on aspects of visual function during early
swim-up rainbow trout. We detected a dose-dependent development of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus
decrease in densities of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), mykiss (Walbaum)
key retinal neurons that link the eye with the brain. Paulo S. M. Carvalho
These changes resulted in corresponding deficits in UFSC - CCB - Depto. Bioquímica C.P. 476 - Cidade
visual/motor functions including reductions in visual Univ Florianópolis - SC - 88040-900 Brazil
acuity and scotopic and photopic thresholds due to pcarvalho@ccb.ufsc.br
TCDD. Dose-dependent increases in Symposium: Egg Type: Poster
immunohistochemical detection of CYP1A protein in We used a test chamber to evaluate the presence of
the vasculature of the brain and eye choroid was optokinetic or optomotor responses and to assess the
proportional with decreased ganglion cell densities in functionality of the visual system during early
the retina. Prey capture rate decreased after TCDD development of rainbow trout. Our results indicated
exposure. Collectively, these results show that TCDD that in rainbow trout optomotor responses start at 10
causes biochemical and structural changes in the eye days post-hatch, and increases in acuity, sensitivity to
and brain of rainbow trout that are associated with low light as well as in motion detection abilities occur
behavioral deficits leading to decreased individual from this stage until exogenous feeding starts. The
fitness. structure of retinal cells such as cone ellipsoids
increased in length as photopic visual acuity improved,
Copper toxicity and metallothionein induction and rod densities increased concurrently with
in fish: Effects of water temperature and pH improvements in scotopic thresholds (2.2 log10 units
Cleoni S. Carvalho of illuminance). An increase in the concentrations of
UFSCar/SP the chromophore all-trans-retinal correlated with
carvcleo@yahoo.com.br improvements of all behavioral measures of visual
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral function during the same developmental phase.
Copper accumulated in the liver was greater at low
temperatures and was greater at pH 8.0 at 20 and 30 C Comparative aspects of SERCA2 temperature
in relation to pH 4.5. Metallothionein (MT) in the liver dependence in the atrium of endothermic
of fish exposed to copper was isolated by DEAE- fishes: Salmon shark and bluefin tuna
Sepharose chromatography and identified by SDS- Pedro C. Castilho, J. Morrissette, R. Schallert and B.
PAGE electrophoresis. MT concentration was 126.8 ± A. Block
21.5 and 167.4 ± 25.6 mg g-1 wet mass in fish exposed Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Hopkins
to copper in water with pH 4.5 and pH 8.0 (p>0.05) at Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove
12
Pedro Carvalho Castilho [castilho@stanford.edu] 5 and 10 DPI in all infection levels. There was a
Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Poster decrease in the lymphocytes percentage at 1DPI and an
While the bluefin tunas (Thunnus thynnus) and salmon increase of neutrophils at all sampling times and
sharks (Lamna ditropis) maintain elevated internal infection levels. The special granulocitic cell (SGC)
body temperatures the heart operates at ambient percentage increased at 10 DPI in both 6 and 12 P/F
temperatures. The Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) enzyme is groups. Thrombocytes percentage decreased at 10 DPI
responsible for removal of Ca2+ from the cytosol and in 12 P/F level. There were no changes in circulating
the lowering of the intracellular [Ca2+]. Western blot monocytes and eosinophils percentage.
analysis shows that the single 110 kDa band reacts
with a polyclonal antibody raised against a conserved Comparative effects of UV-A and UV-B on the
cardiac SERCA2. Salmon shark atrium microsome has hematological and biochemical parameters of
higher atrium SERCA2 activity in all of temperature pirarucu, Arapaima gigas
tested when compared with bluefin tuna. This Cristian A. Castro-Pérez
characteristic can provide to salmon shark faster INPA Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, 69060-001,
recovery from cardiac muscle contraction at all Manaus, AM, Brazil
temperatures tested. cristhiancastro2000@yahoo.es
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
Genetic characterization of peacock bass Both UVA and UVB radiation cause detrimental
(Cichla Monoculus) and red-breasted pirana effects on pirarucu. In aquatic environments,
(Pygocentrus Nattereri) populations collected ultraviolet radiation is partially absorbed by particles
in five lakes in the area under the influence of and dissolved organic matter. The black and clear
petroleum transport activity between Tesol Amazon waters are oligotrophic, and little ultraviolet
(Terminal Solimões) and the Reman (Refinery radiation is absorbed. Pirarucu is an obligatory air
of Manaus) breather that inhabits black water lakes. Thus, this
Luciana E Castro, LK Cunha, M de N Paula-Silva, K species is more vulnerable to the effect of ultraviolet
López-Vásquez, V M F de Almeida-Val radiation. This study compares the effects of UVA and
LEEM Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, Brazil UVB on the hematological (haematocrit, RBC counts,
CEP 69083-000 haemoglobin, metahaemoglobin, ENA, and differential
Vera Val [veraval@inpa.gov.br] leukocytes counts corpuscular constants) and
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster biochemical parameters (glucose, protein, lactate,
Many factors cause perturbations on genetic structure cortisol, LDH activity, Tbars and IgM) of pirarucu.
of natural populations. There is evidence that any oil
spill can disrupt and cause severe damage to fish Effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure on the
populations. Thus, field studies may reveal the main swimming performance and hematological
aspects of an environment under anthropic pressure. parameters of tambaqui, Colossoma
The isozymic characterization (14 loci and 18 alleles) macropomum
of tucunaré and piranha showed that both populations Cristian A. Castro-Pérez, A. Sampaio-Souza, R. A.
may be under high pressure. Both species present low Pereira da Silva, L. Moura and Adalberto Luís Val
heterozygosity levels, suggesting inbreeding National Institute for Research in the Amazon
depression, loss of genetic diversity, and a decrease in Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, 69060-001, Manaus,
population N. Allelic distribution that indicates AM, Brazil
disruptive gene flows. These findings are probably the cristhiancastro2000@yahoo.es
result of over-fishing natural stocks present at sampled Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
sites. Tambaqui is the most important economic fish of the
Amazon. It is usually raised in ponds (0.5 – 1.5m)
Experimental infection of juvenile pacu using oligotrophic waters with high transparency (0.4 –
(Piaractus mesopotamicus) with the fish louse 1.2m). Thus, ultraviolet radiation penetrates water
Dolops carvalhoi: Blood parameters causing many detrimental effects. This study
Fabio de Jesus Castro, Wendelaar Bonga, S.E.; characterized the effect of UVR exposure over
Fernandes, M.N. different periods of time and compared the effects of
Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) UVR, UVA and UVB on the Ucrit and hematology
Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas (haematocrit, RBC counts, corpuscular constants,
Laboratório de Zoofisiologia e Bioquímica haemoglobin, ENA and differential leukocytes counts)
Comparativa and plasma levels of glucose, protein, lactate and LDH
Fabio Castro [fabiuscastrus@yahoo.com.br] activity of tambaqui.
Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
Blood parameters of juvenile pacu infected with 3, 6 Metabolic rate of eggs and larvae of tambaqui,
and 12 parasites/fish (3, 6 and 12 P/F) and sampled at Colossoma macropomum, exposed to
1, 5 and 10 days post infection (1, 5 and 10 DPI) were different temperatures
evaluated. Hematocrit decreased in infected fishes after Cristian A. Castro-Pérez
13
INPA Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, 69060-001, Perspective uses of exogenous digestives
Manaus, AM, Brazil enzymes in fish nutrition
cristhiancastro2000@yahoo.es Bruno Adan Sagratzki Cavero, Manoel Pereira Filho,
Symposium: Egg Type: Poster Rodrigo Roubach, Daniel Rabello Ituassú, André
Tropical fishes exhibit rapid development. A high Moreira Bordinhon, Flávio Augusto Leão da Fonseca
metabolic rate and a close relationship with the Symposium: Culture Type: Poster
development stage and temperature are expected. The In the last years, fish culture has increased and
main goal of this study is to analyze the metabolic rate developed worldwide but the use of biotechnological
of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, in eight stages resources, such as digestive enzymes in fish nutrition,
of the embryonic and larval development. The still face some restrictions prior to integration. Recent
influence of temperature (24, 26, 28 and 30 C) on this studies using supplemented feeds with exogenous
parameter was also analyzed. The metabolic rate digestive enzymes in fish feeding have shown that they
showed significant differences (p<0.05) among the can optimize some digestion ingredients, reducing their
stages. The highest metabolic rate was found in the anti-nutritional potential, and increasing fish growth
gastrulation stage. No significant difference with potential. Furthermore, they contribute to a better
temperature (p<0.05) was found. digestibility and nutrient absorption, with a direct
influence on diminishing fish feaces pollution material
Distribution and abundance of Nannostomus in the water, thus reducing the impact of highly
unifasciatus (Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) at intensive fish cultures.
Lago Amanã, Amazonas, Brazil
Michel F. Catarino, Haroldo B. C. Rodrigues, Eduardo Drought and trout – sometimes less is more
R. Paes & Jansen Zuanon Jim Chadwick
zuanon@inpa.gov.br CEC, 5575 S Sycamore St. Suite 101, Littleton, CO
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster USA 80120
The distribution and abundance of Nannostomus JWChad@aol.com
unifasciatus were studied in white- and black water Symposium: Communities Type: Oral
environments at Lago Amanã, a reserve intended for Drought has generally been associated with negative
sustainable development. Specimens were collected impacts to fish communities, as a result of cessation of
with hand nets, using a standardized fishing method. flow, increased temperature, competition, and
Higher abundances were recorded during dry season susceptibility to predation. In this study we look at
among flooded marginal vegetation in black waters, seven years data on several high elevation salmonid
whereas floating macrophyte stands constituted the streams in the Rocky Mountain ecoregion. The water
main habitat for the species in white waters. The year 2002 produced the lowest spring snowmelt runoff
virtual absence of macrophytes in black waters as well for the period of record in these systems (6% to 21% of
as the effects of the seasonal flood cycle seem to average). Density and size structure were compared to
explain the differences in habitat occupation by the yearly flow statistics. Trout density was negatively
species in the lake. correlated with spring snowmelt runoff in these
systems. YOY and 1+ numbers exhibited the best
Feeding ecology of the Leaf fish Monocirrhus correlation with flow.
polyacanthus (Perciformes: Polycentridae) in
the Amanã Lake, Brazilian Amazon Effect of feeding rates on tambaqui growth
Michel F. Catarino, Jansen Zuanon reared in cages in a varzea lake
zuanon@inpa.gov.br Edsandra Campos Chagas
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, CP 319, 69011-970,
Monocirrhus polyacanthus is a leaf-mimicking fish Manaus, AM, Brazil
that occurs along most of the Amazon basin. Although edsandra@cpaa.embrapa.br
widespread, Leaf fish are uncommon in museum Symposium: Culture Type: Poster
collections and not abundant in natural environments. The objective of this work was to estimate the effect of
During 2002-2003 we collected 52 M. polyacanthus feeding rates (5, 7.5 and 10% of body weight per day)
individuals of 31.0-82.0mm SL at Lago Amanã, and on growth performance of tambaqui, Colossoma
analyzed the stomach contents of 35 specimens. The macropomum, reared in cages located in a varzea lake.
Leaf fish consumed mainly fishes, most of them The better-feed conversions were observed in fish fed
lebiasinids (Nannostomus) and small characids on 5 and 7.5% feeding rate per day. The protein values,
(Hemigrammus) of 11.0-33.0mm SL. Smaller Leaf fish after 90 days, were significantly lower in the 5%
preyed upon invertebrates (shrimp, mayfly and feeding rate treatment than in the others treatments. A
dragonfly nymphs). Our results indicate that Leaf fish daily feeding rate of 7.5% for tambaqui juveniles
exploit the dominant prey fish species in its reared in cages in varzea lakes, allowed for a
environment. satisfactory tambaqui performance.
14
Health status of tambaqui reared in cages in a according to the environmental conditions. These
varzea lake fishes compete for territory and mates during the
Edsandra Campos Chagas; L de Carvalho Gomes; H breeding season and exhibit a wide spectrum of
Martins Júnior; J N de Paula Lourenço; Lucelle Dantas reproductive behavior. Adaptation to harsh semi-arid
de Araújo and André Luiz Ferreira da Silva hydrological conditions, territorial competition,
Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, CP 319, 69011-970, selection of mates and a high degree of parental care
Manaus, AM, Brazil are important factors that contribute to the reproductive
edsandra@cpaa.embrapa.br success of the cichlid communities.
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster
The objective of this work was to analyze the health Development of rainbow trout hepatoma cell
status of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) reared lines: Effects of rainbow trout Pro-IGF-I Ea4-
in cages on four different stocking densities in a varzea peptide on morphological changes and
lake. After 6 months, physiological index was anchorage-independent cell growth in RTH
evaluated as haematocrit (Ht), haemoglobin (Hb), red cell lines
blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume Maria J. Chen, P. Peter Chiou, Hung Chieh Lo, Jerry
(MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean Hendricks, George Bailey and Thomas T. Chen
corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Department of Molecular & Cell Biology
glucose. All physiological parameters indicated that University of Connecticut 91 North Eagleville Rd., U-
different stocking densities used in this experiment did 3125 Storrs, CT 06269-3125
not result in any effects on juvenile tambaqui‟s health tchen@uconnvm.uconn.edu
status when reared in cages in varzea lakes. Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
Four permanent single-cell clones were developed
Dispersal across oxygen gradients: Fitness from a rainbow trout liver tumor induced by treatment
trade-offs for an African cyprinid with dibenzo(a,l)pyrene. Results of RT-PCR analysis
Lauren J. Chapman, S Schaack, and C A. Chapman showed the expression of liver-signature genes (e.g.,
Department of Zoology, University of Florida, aldolase B, G-6-Pase, PEPCK, HNF-I, IGF-I, IGF-II
Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA and GH receptor-2 genes) in these cell clones. The
lchapman@zoo.ufl.edu melignant activity of each cell clone was confirmed by
Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral colony formation assay. These results confirmed the
We are exploring the role of dissolved oxygen (DO) as identity of the cell clones as hepatoma origin.
a divergent selective factor contributing to inter- and Treatment of RTH1B1D with recombinant trout Ea4-
intrademic variation in freshwater fishes. In the peptide resulted in suppression of colony formation in
African cyprinid Barbus neumayeri, interdemic a soft-agar medium, consistent with observations in
variation in respiratory traits occurs across DO human cancer cells. (Research supported by grants
gradients. Barbus neumayeri from hypoxic swamps from NSF & USDA.)
are characterized by larger gill size and higher
respiratory performance than conspecifics from well- Chromatic organization of single cones in the
oxygenated waters. We used a field dispersal study to retina of juvenile salmon
quantify the degree to which respiratory phenotypes of Christiana Cheng
B. neumayeri mix across swamp-river ecotones and Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
reciprocal transplant cage acclimations to detect Christiana Cheng [clc@sfu.ca]
potential fitness trade-offs (e.g., growth, survival) Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
between alternative oxygen environments. The extent of single cone loss in the retina of salmonid
fishes and the association between corner cones and
Reproductive plasticity of Neotropical cichlids UV visual pigment were investigated. We performed
introduced to semi-arid North-Eastern Brazil in-situ hybridization with opsin probes and histology to
S. Chellappa, N.T. Chellappa & V. M. F. Almeida-Val determine the distribution of UV and blue cones and
Department of Oceanography and Limnology, the density of single cones in the retina of four species
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Praia of juvenile Pacific salmon and in the Atlantic salmon.
de Mãe Luiza, s/n. Via Costeira. CEP 59014-100, All single cones in the alevin contained UV opsin
Natal/RN, Brazil. exclusively, while those in smolts had predominantly
bama@dol.ufrn.br blue opsin. Salmon in between stages had cones co-
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral expressing both opsins. The magnitude and the timing
In recent years the Amazonian fishes of commercial of single cone loss varied between species.
importance have been introduced to semi-arid
northeastern Brazil regions in order to improve the Bycatch reduction and associated
fishery production. The Amazonian cichlid fishes have management of the Atlantic shark fishery in
shown phenotypic plasticity to the hydrological the United States
conditions of the semi-arid region, other than tactical Michael Clark
resource allocation to growth and reproduction
15
Highly Migratory Species Management Division, layer in the retina of this species was determined using
F/SF1 National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA/DOC Nissl stained wholemounts. The topographic
1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 arrangement of neuronal density revealed the presence
Michael.Clark@noaa.gov of a non-prominent horizontal visual streak with a
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster mean peak of 21.823 ± 1.097 (N=3) cells/mm2. The
The Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and functional significance of this retinal specialization is
Management Act mandates that bycatch be minimized discussed on the scope of ecological and phylogenetic
to the extent practicable. Amendment 1 to the Fisheries assumptions.
Management Plan for Atlantic Tunas, Swordfish, and
Sharks established a rebuilding plan for overfished Energetic and fitness consequences
shark stocks and management measures to prevent associated with truncated selection for
overfishing of other shark stocks. Addressing bycatch angling vulnerability in largemouth bass
and associated mortality of prohibited and overfished S.J. Cooke
species of shark is a key means in achieving this scooke@interchange.ubc.ca
objective, including neonate and juvenile lifestages. Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral
Management options that are currently being The evolutionary consequences of fishing-induced
investigated include time and area closures, gear selection pressures are an emerging concern in
limitations, release equipment, and vessel monitoring fisheries science and may represent a major potential
system (VMS) requirements. There are unique risk to the sustainability of fisheries resources. We
challenges facing bycatch reduction in domestic will report on a long-term (25+ year) study where
Atlantic shark fisheries. largemouth bass were exposed to angling-induced
selection. Our results show that selection for angling
Comparison of water quality and rainbow trout vulnerability resulted in substantial differences in
production in oxygenated and aerated physiological and energetic attributes. Angling
raceways vulnerability was a heritable trait; high vulnerability
Michael L. Clark covaried with factors including higher metabolic rates,
Michael.Clark@noaa.gov reduced metabolic scope, increased food consumption,
Symposium: Culture Type: Oral and increased parental care activity
The effects of oxygenation and aeration on water
quality, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Abnormal migration timing and enroute
production, and economics were compared for 270 mortality of Fraser River sockeye salmon –
days. Mean dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations from observations to mechanisms
and delta DO were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in S.J. Cooke
the oxygenated than aerated raceways, averaging 9.5 Centre for Applied Conservation Research, University
and 2.75 mg/L, respectively. Total settleable solids of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall
loads were significantly greater (P < 0.001) in aerated Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
than oxygenated raceways, averaging 10.3 and 8.8 Steven J. Cooke [scooke@interchange.ubc.ca]
g/L/day, respectively. Carrying capacity was Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
significantly higher (P < 0.001), estimated at 1,138 Since 1995, several stocks of Fraser River sockeye
kg/raceway greater in the oxygenated raceways. salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) have begun upriver
Oxygen injection increased the cost of trout production spawning migrations significantly earlier than
compared to aeration; however, the 5-year economic previously observed. Coincident with this early
benefit was $17,924/raceway greater in the oxygenated migration are high levels of en route and pre-spawning
than the aerated raceways. mortality, occasionally exceeding 90%. At present,
although there are many competing hypotheses (e.g.,
The retina of Chilodus punctatus Müller & energetics, osmoregulatory dysfunction, oceanic
Troschel, 1844 (Actinopterygii: conditions, parasites) that may account for early
Chilodontidae): Topographic organization of migration and high mortality, there are no definitive
neuronal density in the ganglion cell layer answers, nor any causal evidence that link these issues.
Coimbra, João Paulo, Luciano Fogaça de Assis ; We provide an overview of this problem and describe
Yamada, Elizabeth Sumi our efforts to understand what is responsible for these
Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Depto. of phenomena after two seasons of field research.
Physiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal
University of Pará Coupling non-invasive physiological and
joaopco@terra.com.br energetic assessments with telemetry to
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster understand inter-individual variation in
The spotted headstander Chilodus punctatus Müller behaviour and survivorship of sockeye
& Troschel, 1844 is an Amazonian fish species that salmon
swims with its head upside down in an oblique fashion. S.J. Cooke
The spatial distribution of cells within the ganglion cell
16
Centre for Applied Conservation Research, University activity, as well as the individual fitness. The general
of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall suitability of the sea bass as a model organism for the
Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada screening of (xeno-)estrogens in the marine
Steven J. Cooke [scooke@interchange.ubc.ca] environment is discussed.
Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
We developed a strategy for non-invasively sampling Early life history of the American conger eel
adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) for (Conger oceanicus) as revealed by otolith
physiological and energetic variables and then microstructure and microchemistry of
releasing these fish with gastrically implanted radio metamorphosing leptocephali
and acoustic transmitters. This approach enabled us to Alberto Teodorico Correia
couple telemetry with physiological and energetic Ctr Interdisc de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental,
assessments to provide a robust approach for Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050 123 Porto, Portugal
understanding inter-individual variation in behaviour acorreia@icbas.up.pt
and survival. We will present data from 2003 on ~550 Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
fish to examine the energetic and physiological Back-calculated hatching dates estimated from the
patterns underlying abnormal migration timing and otolith microstructure suggest that the spawning season
high en-route mortality of sockeye salmon. for the American conger eel, Conger oceanicus, lasted
3 months, from late October to mid December. Sr:Ca
Linking migration biology of sockeye salmon ratios increased with age, but dramatically decreased at
with conservation and management through age 70 to 120 days. The otolith increment width
multivariate analyses showed a marked increase at the same ages, indicating
S.J. Cooke the onset of metamorphosis. A close relationship
Centre for Applied Conservation Research, University between age at metamorphosis and otolith growth rate
of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall and also between age at recruitment and age at
Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada metamorphosis indicates that faster-growing
Steven J. Cooke [scooke@interchange.ubc.ca] leptocephali metamorphose and recruited earlier to the
Symposium: Locomotion Type: Poster estuary, at a younger age, than slower growing ones.
In 2002, we collected biological samples on over 1,400
sockeye salmon from the Fraser River including data Fish species as indicators of chemical
on energetic status, gonadal development, pollution in a tropical estuary
endocrinology, osmoregulatory status, and parasite Monica Costa, Mário Barletta, Orjana Silva
burden. Using multivariate analysis of variance Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal
coupled with canonical variate analysis we conducted de Pernambuco (UFPE). Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade
exploratory analyses and tested specific hypotheses Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50740-551
associated with the migration biology of sockeye mfc [mfc@ufpe.br]
salmon. Our analyses focused on examining which Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
factors influenced or varied with run timing groups, The Santa Cruz Channel (SCC) estuary (Pernambuco,
stocks, gender, and sampling location. We used the Brazil) has a history of chemical contamination and
same multivariate approaches to elucidate the environmental degradation by sugar-cane plantations
mechanisms underlying abnormal migration timing and intensive aquaculture. From the fish species
and parasite burdens. registered, six were selected to be used as bioindicators
based on: living and feeding habits, socio-economic
Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) - a model values and previous use as bioindicators. There are 57
organism for the screening of estrogenic families encompassing 145 species. Mugil liza, Mugil
chemicals in marine surface waters? curema, Cathrops spixii, Achirus Lineatus,
A,D. Correia, S. Freitas, M.H. Lamoree, P. Booij, M. Centropomus undecimalis and Trichiurus lepturus
Scholze, E. Mañanós, M.A. Reis-Henriques were chosen for having different feeding habits,
CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação relationships with the estuary, size classes and market
Marinha e Ambiental, Porto, Portugal value. As a group, they can be considered suitable
Ana Correia [anacorreia@cimar.org] bioindicators of the level of chemical contamination.
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
This work is part of a study focusing on the Fish species used as bioindicators of mercury
combination effects of mixtures of (xeno-)estrogens in pollution along the Brazilian coast.
marine and freshwater organisms (ACE, EVK1-CT- Monica Costa, Helena Kehrig
2001-100). Juvenile sea bass was exposed under a Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal
flow-through system for 14 days to 17ß-estradiol, de Pernambuco (UFPE).Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade
ethynylestradiol, nonylphenol, octylphenol and Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50740-550
bisphenol-A. Effects at subcellular level were analysed mfc [mfc@ufpe.br]
using Vtg as the endpoint. Its relevance is evaluated by Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
further investigations about the induction of EROD
17
A literature review shows that fish have been widely Cardiac function in the South American
used as bioindicators of mercury contamination along lungfish: Peculiarities of the E-C coupling
the Brazilian coast during the last 25 years. Fish Costa, M.J.; Rocha, M.; Kalinin, A.L., Rantin, F.T.
muscle tissue is the most used matrix to evaluate Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Univ Federal
mercury contamination. Other tissues are also used, as de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
well as the whole animal after homogenization. Forty monica@iris.ufscar.br
species of fish are registered as having been used for Symposium: Lungfish Type: Oral
mercury biomonitoring of Brazilian coastal waters. This study analyzed the effect of temperature (15C,
The group is considered a suitable bioindicator due to 25C: acclimation temperature, and 35C) on the force
its ecological diversity. The fish species most developed by ventricle strips from Lepidosiren
frequently used as bioindicators of mercury pollution paradoxa following prolonged diastolic pauses at
were Micropogonias furnieri, Trichurus lepturus and control preparations and after the addition of either
those from the genus Mugil. amiloride (NCX – Na+/Ca2+-exchanger blocker) or
ryanodine (SR – sarcoplasmic reticulum function
Mugil sp. used as a bioindicator of mercury blocker). The results indicate that in the lowest
pollution in Santa Cruz Channel, Pernambuco, temperature the SR plays a central role in the E-C
Brazil coupling, while the proportional contribution of this
Monica Costa; Nilson Sant‟Anna Jr.; Hirokatsu Akagi organelle decreases as temperature is increased, the
Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal opposite being observed for the NCX.
de Pernambuco (UFPE). Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade
Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco CEP: 50740-552 Do the high heart frequencies observed in
mfc [mfc@ufpe.br] tropical fish necessarily imply the
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral participation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on
Mugil sp. was used to indicate the levels of mercury calcium management?
contamination of Santa Cruz Channel Estuarine Costa, M.J.; Zanon, J.A.R.; Rantin, F.T.; Kalinin, A.L.
complex. Sixty individuals were analysed. The total Univ Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ciências
Mercury concentration ranged from 4.6-167.0 g.g-1 Fisiológicas Lab de Zoofisiologia e Bioquímica
(26.9-26.1 g.g-1), and methylmercury concentrations Comparativa Via Washington Luiz, km 235 - Caixa
ranged from 1.8-91.6 g.g-1 (19.6-16.0 g.g-1). Postal 676 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
Methylmercury percentages were in the range of 5.7- Francisco Tadeu Rantin
100% (80 23.8%). This species is widely sold in the [ftrantin@power.ufscar.br]
region and consumed by the local population. The total Symposium: Respiration Type: Poster
mercury and methylmercury concentrations found are This study aimed to verify whether the sarcoplasmic
bellow the permitted levels for human consumption reticulum (SR) participates on the cardiac excitation-
according to the Brazilian legislation. The results are contraction coupling of two species of tropical teleosts
comparable to other regions in Brazil where the same at 25C: the sedentary jeju, Hoplerythrinus
genus was also used. unitaeniatus (fH = 50 bpm), and the acara, Geophagus
brasilienses (fH = 80 bpm), with a higher level of
The metabolic physiology and stress activity. Ventricle strips from jeju showed a strong
response of North Atlantic teleost species postrest potentiation of twitch force that was
Costa, I.A.S.F, L.H. Petersen, and A.K. Gamperl completely abolished by ryanodine (SR function
Kurt Gamperl [kgamperl@mun.ca] blocker), while ryanodine had no effect on the postrest
Symposium: Locomotion Type: Poster force of acara. The results demonstrate that even in
We measured routine metabolism, metabolic capacity tropical fish, which present a relatively high heart rate,
(aerobicity) and the post-exercise stress there is not a direct relationship between heart
(catecholamines cortisol, and haematocrit) response of frequency and the participation of the SR on calcium
five North Atlantic teleost species with different life management.
styles (cunner, ocean pout, Atlantic Cod, rainbow
smelt, and capelin), and looked for relationships Tolerance and withdrawal in goldfish exposed
between a species‟ aerobicity (MO2 max), and its post- to ethanol
exercise stress response and cardiac morphometrics. A Larry I. Crawshaw
3-fold difference in metabolic capacity was found Department of Biology Portland State University
between the 5 species, and large differences in post- Portland, OR 97207
stress values of epinephrine, norepinephrine, Larry Crawshaw [crawshl@pdx.edu]
EPI:NOREPI and cortisol existed. Although no Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
significant correlations were found between a species‟ We investigated tolerance to and withdrawal from drug
aerobicity and the magnitude of the post-exercise stress administration in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. We
response, a tight relationship existed between utilized ethanol as the drug and selected temperature
aerobicity and relative ventricular mass (Tsel) as the response. After initial exposure, Tsel for
the control fish was 24.1 ±0.1 ºC. At the highest dose
18
(1.1 g/kg; v/v), Tsel decreased by 5.7 ±0.1 ºC. and Currie, S
then returned to within 1.6 ±0.1 ºC of pre-exposure scurrie@mta.ca
values. At all 3 doses, tolerance proceeded in a Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
stepwise manner rather than continuously. In mammals, the ubiquitous stress protein, hsp90 is
Temperature regulation during withdrawal was thought to be primarily cytosolic. We have shown that
evaluated by maintaining the goldfish in 0.8% ethanol hsp90 is localized in the cytoplasm in adult fish,
for three days and subsequently monitoring Tsel in an however, it is primarily nuclear in juvenile fish.
ethanol-free temperature gradient for 36 h. During Moreover, treatment with exogenous estrogen or the
withdrawal there was no evidence for an effect on estrogen mimic, 4-nonylphenol results in translocation
Tsel; experimental and control values were nearly of hsp90 to the cytoplasm in juvenile fish. To our
identical. knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a
developmental and/or estrogen-dependent shift in
Estimation of systematic error in stereological subcellular localization of hsp90 in fish.
and non-stereologiacal determination of the
surface area of gills of the rainbow trout Frequency of early mortality syndrome in Lake
Cruz, A.L.; Perry, S.F.; Fernandes, M.N. Michigan lake trout population
1Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Univ Federal Sergiusz Czesny, J. M. Dettmers, J. Rinchard, K.
de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil, Dabrowski, K.J. Lee
Prof. Dr. Steven F. Perry [perry@uni-bonn.de] Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Aquatic
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster Ecology, Zion, IL 60099, USA
Stereological methods yield a surface area for trout Sergiusz Czesny [czesny@inhs.uiuc.edu]
gills that is approximately double that previously Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
determined using non-stereological methods. Self sustainable lake trout Salvelinus namaycush
Stereological analysis is carried out on sections of populations in Lake Michigan are a primary but unmet
dehydrated and glycol methacrylate-embedded tissue, goal of the fisheries managers in the region. No clear
whereas the non-stereological estimates are based on cause for lack of natural recruitment has been
planar projections of fixed but otherwise unprocessed identified for Lake Michigan lake trout. We sought (i)
tissue. We showed the non-stereological method to to determine the variability in the concentration of
underestimate the area by 42%. Considering that the vitamins B1 (thiamine) in the eggs of lake trout in
base of the secondary lamellae could be masked by the Lake Michigan at the time of ovulation; (ii) to quantify
gill filament the non-stereological method, the clinical signs of EMS (loss of equilibrium, spiral
systematic underestimate could be even greater. We swimming, and lethargy) and compare their
conclude that the error lies entirely with the non- frequencies in Lake Michigan lake trout populations;
stereological method. and (iii) to correlate the frequency of EMS symptoms
with levels of thiamine found in eggs from individual
Freshwater hybodont sharks from the lower females.
Cretaceous of Thailand
Cuny, Gilles; Suteethorn, Varavudh & Buffetaut, Eric The importance of copper homeostasis and
Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Øster sodium turnover for the toxicity of waterborne
Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark copper to three freshwater fish
Gilles Cuny [gilles@savik.geomus.ku.dk] Gudrun De Boeck, Jasper Hattinck and Ronny Blust
Symposium: Elasmobranchs Type: Oral Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology,
The lower Cretaceous of Thailand has yielded isolated University of Antwerp, Belgium
teeth of eight hybodont genera, including Hybodus, De Boeck Gudrun [Gudrun.DeBoeck@ua.ac.be]
Lonchidion, Thaiodus and Heteroptychodus. They are Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
distributed in two successive assemblages, the first one Using 67Cu, uptake, internal distribution and excretion
from the Sao Khua Formation (Neocomian), and the of „newly accumulated‟ copper was assessed over a
second one from the Khok Kruat Formation (Aptian), three-week period in rainbow trout (sensitive to Cu),
with only two genera in common between these two common carp (intermediate) and gibel carp (resistant
assemblages, Hybodus and Heteroptychodus. These to Cu). Adding short-term experiments with 64Cu
sharks showed a wide range of diet and many of them isotopes at regular time intervals allowed taking into
were restricted to freshwater environment and thus account possible effects of acclimation on copper
endemic to the Khorat Plateau. The distribution of uptake rates. In these short-term experiments,
Thaiodus and Heteroptychodus, known in other Asian disturbance and possibly acclimation of ion regulation
locations, may be explained by a mode of life similar was tracked using 22Na. Na+/K+-ATPase activity was
to that of the modern sawfish Pristis perotteti. measured since copper blocks its activity: differences
in this process could explain differences in sensitivity.
Subcellular localization of hsp90 is influenced Finally, plasma and muscle ammonia and ammonia
by developmental stage and environmental excretion rates were assessed.
estrogens in rainbow trout
19
Transcription of FSH-, LH- and growth autocorrelation factor analysis (MAFA) and Dynamic
hormone in female Trichogaster trichopterus Factor Analysis (DFA). MAFA and DFA were used
(Pallas 1770) treated with GnRH analog to identify trends and explore the relationship between
Gad Degani landings and CPUE data (nine species) and
School of Science and Technology, explanatory variables (North Atlantic Oscillation
Tel-Hai College, Israel (NAO), salinity, sea surface temperature, bottom
gad@migal.co.il temperature, harp seal abundance and pelagic (prey)
Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral species landings from NAFO Divisions
The effect of [D-Ala6,Pro9Net]-LHRH (GnRHa) on 2GHJ3KLNO). The most important trend was a steady
the expiration of mRNA, the follicle-stimulating decline over time. While temperature and NAO
hormone (FSH-), the luteinizing hormone (LH-) and explained some of the trends over time, declines were
the growth hormone (GH) was examined in female mainly explained by predator and prey abundance.
blue gourami during advanced vitellogenesis. The
levels of FSH- and LH- transcripts in females Protein metabolism in skeletal muscle of
injected with GnRHa were significantly higher than tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus)
those of the control. No significant difference was Walter Dias
found between the GH mRNA expression of saline Faculdade de Medicina USP Ribeirão Preto-SP; Av.
(control) and females injected with GnRH. In the Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Rib Preto-SP
ovaries of GnRH injected fish, some vitellogenic Walter Dias Junior [walterjr@rfi.fmrp.usp.br]
oocytes reached final oocyte maturation, as manifested Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
by nuclear migration and central lipid drop formation. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of
The different effects of GnRH on the transcription of fasting and diabetes in skeletal muscle (Protractor
FSH-, LH- and GH are discussed. hyoidei) protein metabolism of tilápias. Intact, in vitro
incubations were used to estimate the protein synthesis
Cardiorespiratory modifications, and and existing and participating proteolytic pathways:
limitations, in growth hormone transgenic lysosomal, Ca2+ dependent, ATP/Ubiquitin
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) proteasome dependent and residual, already
E. Deitch demonstrated in mammalian skeletal muscles. It also
Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of proposes to study the carbohydrate and lipid
Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada, A1C 5S7 metabolism quantifying the content of hepatic and
Kurt Gamperl [kgamperl@mun.ca] muscle glycogen, the plasma levels of glucose, lactate
Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Oral and free fat acids, and the lipolysis of adipose tissue in
We reared growth hormone (GH) transgenic Atlantic this fishes under the same experimental conditions.
salmon and non-transgenic conspecifics together, then
conducted a comprehensive study to examine whether Protein metabolism in skeletal muscle of
the GH transgenic salmon‟s cardiorespiratory tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus)
physiology has been upregulated to accommodate their Walter Dias Jr
significantly faster growth rate. Maximal and routine Fisiologia - FMRP/USP Ribeirão Preto - SP
oxygen uptake, Ucrit, body morphometrics, gill surface walterjr@rfi.fmrp.usp.br
area, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration, Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral
erythrocyte morphometrics, cardiac morphometrics The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of
and physiology, aerobic enzyme activities (CS and fasting and diabetes in skeletal muscle (Protractor
CCO) in cardiac and red muscle, and maximal post- hyoidei) protein metabolism of tilápias. Intact, in vitro
stress plasma catecholamine and cortisol levels were incubations were used to estimate the protein synthesis
measured. This research identified numerous and existing and participating proteolytic pathways:
physiological differences including increases in resting lysosomal, Ca2+ dependent, ATP/Ubiquitin
metabolism, enzyme activities, and an altered stress proteasome dependent and residual, already
response, however, changes in heart demonstrated in mammalian skeletal muscles. It also
performance/morphology were the most striking. proposes to study the carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism quantifying the content of hepatic and
Common trends in fisheries time series in the muscle glycogen, the plasma levels of glucose, lactate
Northwest Atlantic and free fat acids, and the lipolysis of adipose tissue in
Jennifer A. Devine, Richard Haedrich this fishes under the same experimental conditions.
Memorial University, Newfoundland
Jennifer Devine [jdevine@mun.ca] Health status of Cathorops spixii (Ariidae)
Symposium: Communities Type: Oral living in an impacted area in Paranagua Bay,
Time series of commercial landings and CPUE data PR, Brazil
from Canadian random stratified surveys from NAFO Valdez Domingos, F. X.; Diogo, P. S.; Bobko, N.;
Divisions 2GHJ3KLNO (Newfoundland-Labrador Oliveira Ribeiro, C. A.
region) from 1960-1994 were analysed using min/max
20
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cell Biology high tensile stress resistence with final touch (22.23
Department N/mm²) and in transversal cut position (25.45 N/mm²).
Fabiola Xochilt Valdez Domingos
[fa_valdez@yahoo.com] Organization of colagen fibers and dermis
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster morphometry of peixe cachorro
Paranagua Harbour in Parana, Brazil, receives (Acestrorhunchus pantaneiro)
industrial and municipal effluents. In order to Doroty M. Dourado
characterize the influence of these different Biologics, Agrarian an Health Center – UNIDERP –
anthropogenic sources in the health environment, this Histopatology Research Laboratory, Pantanal and
study was performed evaluating the specie Cathorops Cerrado Biodiversity Center, Campo Grande, MS
spixii. Ten fish were sampled from an impacted area douradod@brturbo.com
and from a reference area in August of 2003. Somatic Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
indices and histopathology of liver and gills were The main objective of this study was to show the
evaluated. Fish from the impacted area showed colagen fiber arrangement in three compact regions of
necrosis of liver tissue and hyperplasia of second fish (Acestrorhunchus pantaneiro) dermis, collected in
lamellae in gills. Besides this, the hepatossatic index the Rio Negro region, IPANN/UNIDERP/MS. Skin
was higher in the contaminated fish. These results samples of 6 adult species were removed, processed
suggest that C. spixii living in this impacted area and stained with eosin-hematoxylin and with Mason
exhibit impaired health. trichromic. Three dermis region presented medium size
colagen fibers, parallel to the epidermis and differing
Effects of several environmental factors on in measured thickness. Dermis in this species
acute stress in the nile tilapia, Oreochromis compared to other teleost fishes showed differences
niloticus between the three compared studied regions.
Miriam Dominguez
Laboratory of Ecology and Systematic, Faculty of Glycerol production by rainbow smelt
Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, provides freeze resistance to allow winter
Okinawa 903-0213, Japan foraging
miriamquis@hotmail.com W. R. Driedzic
Symposium: Stress Type: Poster Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of
Acute changes in the aquatic environment and chronic Newfoundland, St. John‟s, NL, Canada A1C 5S7
stressors influence defense systems in fish. In this wdriedzic@mun.ca
study, effects of acute changes in environmental Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral
factors on stress responses were investigated using Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) is a small fish that
tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Exposing the fish to actively feeds under the sea ice at temperatures as low
changes in water temperature (19.9 to 28/33ºC), as -1.8ºC. Freezing is avoided, in part, through the
salinity (0 to 24ppt), sedimentation (0 to 2000 mg/ml) production of glycerol that acts in a colligative manner.
and acidification (pH 4.0), plasma levels of cortisol During winter, plasma glycerol levels may reach in
and glucose increased within 6 h. Lysozyme activity, excess of 500 mM. Glycerol is constantly lost across
but not hematocrit level, increased in changes in some the epithelial, at a rate of about 10% of body stores per
environmental factors. These results suggest that acute day, therefore production must continue on a sustained
changes in aquatic environments act as stressors and basis. The sources of carbon for glycerol and the
influence the humoral defense system of tilapia. control mechanisms of glycerol production will be
discussed.
Fish skin tannage process by chrome (static
and mechanic) Toxic action of two biodegradable detergents
Doroty M. Dourado on the gill epithelium of the swordtail
Biologics, Agrarian an Health Center – UNIDERP – (Xiphophorus xelleri)
Histopatology Research Laboratory – Pantanal and Rafael Mendonça Duarte and Olga Martins Mimura
Cerrado Biodiversity Center – Campo Grande/MS Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie – UPM, rua da
douradod@brturbo.com Consolação 896 – São Paulo – SP - Brasil
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster rafaelmd@inpa.gov.br
The main objetive of this study was to review results Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
of skin tannage of pacu fish skinned by filleting The present study evaluated the toxic action of two
industries of Mato Grosso do Sul. Skins were submited biodegradable synthetic detergents, "linear alkylate
to tannage processes and the physical and mechanical sulfonate" (LAS) and "sodium dodecyl sulfate" (SDS),
characteristics were analyzed (BASF/RS Laboratory). by assessing the gill damage in the species
Finished leathers (static and mechanic) demonstrated Xiphophorus helleri. The morphological changes
greater laceration resistence (36.63 N/mm²) than the observed in the gill epithelium of the swordtail
non-finished leathers (26.55 N/mm²). Pacu fish leather exposed to the LAS and SDS suggest the beginning of
appropriate for clothing and shoe manufacture have
21
an inflammatory response of the tissue to the irritation Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
induced by the detergents. Juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; JAS) live in
rivers characterized by highly turbulent flows. In these
Environmentally related life history of the red- environments, flow turbulence may affect the energetic
bellied piranha, Pygocentrus nattereri, in two cost of habitat utilization of JAS. The purpose of our
river basins of the Bolivian Amazon work was to develop swimming cost models for JAS
Fabrice Duponchelle et al. which especially accounts for the effects of turbulent
IRD, UR 081, ULRA-Universidad Mayor San Simón, environments. Our results confirmed (1) that
Cochabamba, Bolivia swimming cost increased with an increase of water
fabrice.duponchelle@ird.fr temperature, body mass, mean flow velocity, standard
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral deviation of flow velocity, and total kinetic energy; (2)
The red-bellied piranha Pygocentrus nattereri is a that swimming cost in turbulent flow are 2- to 4-times
species widely distributed in tropical South America. higher than estimated by forced swimming models.
However, the influence of water characteristics (white
or black) on life histories has received little attention. Lipid and vitamin C on formation and
Despite its ecologically important role in Neotropical mobilization of fatty acids in Nile tilapia
food webs and its impact on human local consumption, Oreochromis niloticus under low temperature
P. nattereri reproductive and growth characteristics in Dario R. Falcon, Margarida M. Barros, Luiz E.
natural environments in relation with genetic structure Pezzato; Giovani S. Gonçalves
are poorly documented. Our study revealed that P. AquaNutri – Aquatic Animal Nutrition Laboratory
nattereri in Bolivia represents a monophyletic group São Paulo State University - UNESP
with very little diversity. This suggested that the Veterinary and Animal Science College
significant differences in reproduction and growth Botucatu, São Paulo, C.P. 560, Brazil
observed between the populations of the Mamoré dario_falcon@yahoo.com
(white waters) and Itenez (clear or dark waters) reflect Symposium: Culture Type: Poster
a phenotypic response to the contrasting environments. The effect of different levels of lipid and vitamin C on
formation and mobilization of fatty acids was
A new sight on an old problem: One more step evaluated after 32 days under low temperature (18.0
to underscore mechanism(s) of metabolic C). The supplementation levels of lipid (%) and
depression vitamin C (mg/kg) in diets were: control 0.0/0.0 and
Emelyanova L.V., Savina M.V., Belyaeva E.A 6.0/125; factorial 8.0/12.0 and 300/600/1,200. In
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and conclusion, lipid excess is deposited as a visceral fat;
Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez lipid mobilization occurs until 8.0% of lipid; vitamin C
pr. 44, St. Petersburg, Russia interferes on lipid metabolism and avoid lipid
evlara@mail.ru peroxidation in liver; 600.0 and 1,200 mg of vitamin
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral C/kg allowed a bigger lipid reserve mobilization and
Using isolated mitochondria as a model, we have Nile tilapia are able to elongate and desaturate fatty
found that enhanced mitochondrial membrane acids.
permeabilization and respiratory chain complex I
inhibition are involved in liver mitochondrial Physiologic responses of Nile tilapia
dysfunction of lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilus) that Oreochromis niloticus fed diets supplemented
takes place during winter starvation period. In with vitamin C and lipid and submitted to
particular, effects of heparin, different respiratory temperature stress
substrates and mitochondrial permeability transition Dario Falcon
pore inhibitors (cyclosporin A, ADP, Mg2+, bovine mbarros@fca.unesp.br
serum albumin, [ethylenebis (oxyethylene-nitrilo)] Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
tetraacetic acid, dithiothreitol, rotenone) and inducers Vitamin C and lipids can protect fish from stress.
(Ca2+, inorganic phosphate, Cd2+, laurate) on in vitro Considering this, effects of these nutrients were
liver mitochondrial function of the winter lampreys analyzed in hematology, plasmatic cortisol and glucose
were investigated. As a result, hypothetical and liver vitamin C of Nile tilapia submitted to
mechanism(s) of the mitochondrial dysfunction temperature stress (15.0 C) for 43 days. The
observed in vivo and in vitro are discussed. supplementation levels of lipid (%) and vitamin C
(mg/kg) in diets were: control 0.0/0.0 and 6.0/125;
Swimming cost of juvenile Atlantic salmon factorial 8.0/12.0 and 300/600/1,200. In conclusion,
(Salmo salar) in turbulent flow absence of vitamin C in diets impairs erythropoiesis
Eva Enders and Daniel Boisclair and determine immature cells liberation under stress
Université de Montréal, Département de sciences conditions; vitamin C absorption above requirement
biologiques, C.P. 6128, Succursale `Centre ville` was demonstrated to be efficient for mitigating stress.
Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7 Lipid supplementation did not determine alterations in
Eva Enders [eva.enders@UMontreal.CA] stress biochemical parameters.
22
identification based on the morphometric analysis is
Locomotory performance and energetics as a not conclusive. The objective of this work is to
function of temperature in two subspecies of analyze nucleotide sequences for evaluation of the
Fundulus heteroclitus phylogeny of the Gymnotiformes.
Nann A. Fangue, Milica Mandic, Jeff G. Richards, and
Patricia M. Schulte Preliminary study of the phylogeny through
University of British Columbia Department of Zoology mtDNA (12S) of Siluriformes and
6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 Gymnotiformes
Nann Fangue [fangue@zoology.ubc.ca] Fernandes, Graciene do Socorro Taveira; Bentes-
Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral Sousa, A Regina & Rapp Py-Daniel, Lúcia Helena.
Fundulus heteroclitus inhabits inshore bays and alexa@inpa.gov.br
estuaries along the North American East Coast. At the Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
extremes of the species‟ range, these fish are exposed Although many techniques can be used to answer
to substantially different daily and seasonal taxonomic questions, some become exhausting, and in
environmental temperatures. Associated with these these cases the use of molecular markers can be
temperature differences there is morphological and efficient. Through the gene 12S (mtDNA) this work
physiological variation between populations, such that intends to define phylogenetic relationships of these
they are sometimes classified as separate subspecies - orders.
F.h.macrolepidotus (northern form) and
F.h.heteroclitus (southern form). We have assessed Morphometry of the respiratory organs of the
swimming performance and associated biochemical South American lungfish, Lepidosiren
parameters in fish from each subspecies acclimated to paradoxa (dipnoi)
constant environmental temperatures in the laboratory Marisa N. Fernandes, M F.P.G. de Moraes, Sabine
(ranging from 5-29 C). Northern fish outperform Höller, Oscar T.F. da Costa, M L. Glass, SF. Perry
southern fish at all acclimation temperatures and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade
appear to have a greater reliance on carbohydrate Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP,
metabolism. Brazil
dmnf@power.ufscar.br
Toxicity of natural products in Brachdanio Symposium: Lungfish Type: Oral
rerio and Prochilodus lineatus The respiratory surface area and thickness of the
Fernandes, J.B., Fernandes, M.N., Vieira, P.C., Da water-blood barrier of gills and skin and air-blood of
Silva, M.F.G.F., Leite, A.C., Facchini, P.H., Bellete, the lungs were determined for the South American
B.S. and Palandrani, I.C lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa, using stereological
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster methods, and the morphometric diffusing capacity
Natural product chemists have devoted many years to (Dm) of respiratory organs was calculated. The lungs
the isolation and structural determination of plant account for 99.1% of the Dm for all respiratory organs.
constituents. Most scientific approaches involve the The skin represents 0.85% and the gills, only 0.0013%.
selection and isolation based on bioassay information, The skin is potentially important for CO2 excretion.
which permits quantitative location of minor, but often The Dm of the gills, however, is negligible, raising the
very active, compounds. This study reports the toxic question as to their function.
activity of selected natural products from plants
(flavone, flavanone, 7-methoxyflavone, catechin, Temperature dependence of the Ca2+-ATPase
xantiletin, arborinin, ricinine) in Brachidanio rerio (SERCA2) in the ventricles of tuna and
(zebrafish) and Prochilodus lineatus (curimbatá). mackerel
Ricinine and flavanone were not toxic to B. rerio Ana M. Landeira-Fernandez, Jeffery M. Morrissette,
however, flavone was the highest toxic compound. Jason M. Blank and Barbara A. Block
Assay with flavone using P. lineatus showed evidence Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de
of high toxicity and the accumulation of this Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de
compound in the gill, liver and kidney. Janeiro, UFRJ, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 21941-590
analandeira@hotmail.com
Preliminary analysis of the molecular Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Oral
phylogeny through mtDNA (12S) in captured In this study, we compared the cellular cardiac
species of Gymnotiformes in banks of grass performance in endothermic tunas (bluefin, albacore,
in some points of the Central Amazon yellowfin) and their ectothermic sister taxa (mackerel)
Fernandes, Graciene do Socorro Taveira & Bentes- in response to acute temperature change.
Sousa, Alexandra Regina Measurements of Ca2+ uptake in sarcoplasmic
alexa@inpa.gov.br reticulum (SR) ventricular vesicles, indicated that
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster tunas sustained a higher activity than mackerel.
The use of molecular markers, such as mtDNA 12S, Among tunas, the cold tolerant bluefin had the highest
has been widely used as an efficient tool, where the activity. Western blots reveal that increased SERCA2
23
content is connected with the higher activity seen in This study aimed to determine the feeding chronology
bluefin compared to albacore, yellowfin and mackerel. and food consumption of white croaker in the Patos
We suggest that high levels of SERCA2 in bluefin tuna Lagoon estuary (Brazil). White croakers were
hearts may be important for retaining cardiac function collected at ~ 3 hours intervals during 24 hours, and
at cold temperatures. their stomach contents were analysed. In general, no
clear pattern in feeding schedule was observed.
Gonad maturation scales of fishes from the However, when the water transparency was high, white
upper Rio Tocantins (Goiás, Brazil). croaker showed a more intense feeding activity during
Maria Fernanda Nince Ferreira et al. the day hours. This finding suggests that when white
Mfnf@Unb.Br croaker is able to visualize their prey, it might feed
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster during the daylight hours. In addition, white croaker
Maturation scale of Ageneiosus brevifilis, Hypostomus had high consumption of the tanaid, Kalliapseudes
emarginatus, Leporinus friderici, Pimelodus blochii, schubartii.
Plagioscion squamosissimus, Prochilodus nigricans,
Rhaphiodon vulpinius and Serrasalmus rhombeus were Intensive culture of matrinxã (Brycon
described macroscopically and microscopically. cephalus) in stream channels: A new rural
Immature, Initial Maturation, Advanced Maturation, settlement development strategy for the
Ripe, Partially Spawned, Recovering, and Recovered Amazon
stages were recognized to A.. brevifilis, H. Jorge Daniel Indrusiak Fim
emarginatus, P. blochii, P. squamosissimus and S. Aquaculture Department
rhombeus females with group-synchronous oocyte Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/INPA
development in more than two-groups (multiple C.P. 478, Manaus, AM, 69011-970, Brazil
spawners). The same stages, including Spawned and fim@inpa.gov.br
excluding Partially Spawned, were recognized in L. Symposium: Culture Type: Poster
friderici, P. nigricans and R.. vulpinius, with two- To increase food production and generate income for
group synchronous oocyte development (single poor families living in rural areas of the Amazon, a
spawners). The Immature, Maturation, Ripe, Partially fish culture program in stream channels was
Spent, Spent, Recovering and Recovered stages were developed. Rural settlement projects conducted by
recognized in males of all species. INCRA are the primary target as a strategy to empower
rural communities to exploit the available aquaculture
The importance of protozoan prey in the diet potential and improve their livelihoods. Juveniles of
of larval fish in coastal areas of the Irish Sea matrinxã were cultivated in four 48 m3 stream
G.M. Figueiredo, D.J.S. Montagnes and R.D.M. Nash channels sections under stocking density of 20 fish per
Laboratorio de Ciencias Marinhas - UNISUL m3 feeding on artificial diets. After four months, the
Santa Catarina - CEP 88790 -000, Brazil main advantages observed were high productivity (>
gmandali@hotmail.com 900 Kg/channel/year), low cost construction, reduced
Symposium: Egg Type: Oral environmental impact and easy fish handling.
Protozoa have rarely been recorded in larval fish diets.
To identify and quantify the contribution of naked Metabolic adjustments induced by
protozoa in the larval fish diet, we analysed the gut environmental factors in fishes of the Amazon
contents of larvae collected off the coast of the Isle of Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val
Man (British Islands). Using values of prey LEEM INPA Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Manaus,
digestibility from the literature, we found that AM, Brazil CEP 69083-002
copepods were the dominant item, while protozoa were Vera Val [veraval@inpa.gov.br]
a supplementary component of larval diet. However, Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral
when the rapid digestibility of protozoa was Adaptations of organisms to long- /short-term
considered, protozoan prey made a significant environmental changes involve genetic changes,
contribution to larval diet occurring in the diet of resulting in metabolic and physiological adjustments or
several species of either larvae with yolk sac or larger in population and species adaptations. Amazonian
larvae. ecosystems are specially suited for studies of fish
metabolic adaptations. Along with tremendous species
Chronology and food consumption of white richness there are vast areas of pristine habitats in an
croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), an estuarine “equatorial hot climate”, with open lakes and flooded
dependent fish. forests, both subject to drastic diurnal and seasonal
G.M. Figueiredo & J.P. Vieira changes in oxygen levels. Some of the main metabolic
Laboratorio de Ciencias Marinhas - UNISUL responses of fishes to different thermal regimes and
Santa Catarina - CEP 88790 -000, Brazil oxygen depletion will be addressed in this paper, with
Gisela Figueiredo [gmandali@hotmail.com] particular emphasis on fish of the Amazon.
Symposium: Rhythm Type: Poster
24
Temporal evolution of mercury contamination The fishes were exposed at two concentration of diesel
in Cichla sp. in Balbina hydroelectric WSF (2,5% and 7,5%), during 24 and 72 hour periods.
reservoir, AM, Brazil The analysis indicates damage increases with doseage
Forsberg, B.R; *Peleja, J.R.P; Torres, S.S; Nakazono, and time. The most common alterations were
E.M; Weisser, S.C.; Marshall, B.G. hyperplasia, lifting, aneurysms and lamellar fusion.
Inst Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - CPEC. Av. These alterations may act as a defense function,
Efigênio Sales, 2239. CEP 69011-970, Cx. Postal 478 increasing the distance between the irritant and the
Reinaldo Peleja [reinaldopeleja@yahoo.com.br] bloodstream. Wherever histological alterations may
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster impair the respiratory end/or the osmoregulatory
This research aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation systems, the risk of disease and thus death of the
and temporal evolution (over the years of 1992, 1997 animal is increased.
and 2003) of mercury contamination in Cichla sp. in
the Balbina Hydroelectric Reservoir. The average Cadmium transport in isolated gill cell
mercury concentrations (ppm) in Cichla sp were: 0.145 populations of freshwater rainbow trout
for 1992; 0.654 for 1997 and 0.316 for 2003. The fish Galvez, F., Wong, D. & Wood, C.M.
collected in 1997 were found to be significantly higher Department of Biology, McMaster University,
in mercury concentrations with respect to fish from Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
1992 and 2003. The results indicate that total Hg levels Fernando Galvez [galvezf@mcmaster.ca]
in the Balbina Reservoir increased (by a factor of 3) Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
during the first years of flooding (1989-1997) and then A novel cell separation technique is being used to
decreased in the years following. isolate highly enriched populations of gill cells from
rainbow trout to study the cellular localization of
Reproductive biology of southwestern Atlantic cadmium transport in freshwater fish. We provide
yellowtail snapper evidence that Cd is preferentially accumulated in one
Franco, M.A.L., Nardino, J., Costa, P.A & Braga, A.C. specific subtype of mitochondria-rich cell in the gill
Universidade do Rio de Janeiro (UNI-RIO), epithelium, termed the PNA+ MR cell. In comparison,
Laboratório de Dinâmica de Populações, Av. Pasteur, another subtype of MR termed the PNA- MR cell,
458 - Prédio da ECB, sala 410. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, which is involved in sodium transport and acid
Brazil. CEP 22290-240. excretion, accumulates relatively low levels of
acbragaz@hotmail.com waterborne cadmium. We are currently studying how
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster environmental stressors that increase the relative
Spawning, sexual maturity and fecundity of abundance of these MR cell subtypes in the gill
southwestern Atlantic yellowtail snapper Ocyurus epithelium influence the transport of Cd in freshwater
chrysurus (16o and 20o S) were studied over a 3-year fish.
period. For all collected specimens (n=990) fork
length, body weight, gonads weight, sex and Mechanisms of myocardial hypoxia tolerance,
maturation condition were determined. Following a and preconditioning, in the Atlantic cod
minimum in May, mean gonadosomatic index (GSI) of (Gadus morhua)
females increased from June to October, where a peak A.K. Gamperl
was evident. Spawing is suggested to occur between Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of
October and the following May. Average total length Newfoundland, St. John's, NF.Canada. A1C 5S7.
at first maturity, 188 mm for males and 224 mm for Kurt Gamperl [kgamperl@mun.ca]
females, corresponded respectively to 40.4 and 36.4 % Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Oral
Lmax. Absolute and potential fecundity ranged, In situ hearts at 12oC were used to characterize
respectively, from 58-880 and 10-470 thousand myocardial hypoxia tolerance in this species, to
oocytes. Size of measured oocytes ranged from 0.1 to examine whether the PKC blocker Chelerythrine or the
0.72 mm. KATP channel blocker BDM affect cardiac
performance during severe hypoxia and post-hypoxic
Preliminary aspects of water soluble fraction maximum cardiac function, and to determine if cod
of diesel oil effects on gills histology of hearts which are composed entirely of spongy
Trachinotus sp. myocardium can be preconditioned. Chelerythrine and
Rosaria Rios Furia BDM significantly decreased the ability of cod hearts
Instituto Oceanográfico/USP CEPENE/IBAMA to maintain resting Q during hypoxia. However,
R. Samuel Hardman, s/n – CEP:55578-000 - neither blocker affected post-hypoxic maximum
Tamandaré, PE, Brazil cardiac function. Pre-exposure to 5 min. of hypoxia
Rosaria.Furia@ibama.gov.br significantly increased maximum cardiac function
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster following the main 15 min. hypoxic period, indicating
The aim of this work was to verify the effects of water- that cod hearts can be preconditioned.
soluble fraction (WSF) of diesel oil in histological
features of pompanos fishes (Trachinotus sp.) gills.
25
The importance of connection channels mortality, increase in length and a minimum decrease
between lakes and Amazonian rivers to in weight. Addition of salt to the water did not improve
migratory species silver catfish growth and survival compared to the
Raniere Garcez and Carlos E. C. Freitas other treatments.
raniere.garcez@ig.com.br
Symposium: Communities Type: Oral Ontogenetic ammonia excretion in silver
The ecology of large rivers systems with adjacent catfish Rhamdia quelen
flooplains are markedly influenced by floodpulse. In Luciano O. Garcia
the Amazonian rivers, many fish species, mainly Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de
Characiformes, developed migratory strategies to Santa Maria, 97105-900 – Santa Maria, RS – Brazil
explore successfully different environments. Some of garcialo@mail.ufsm.br,
these species are the most relevant to the regional Symposium: Ions Type: Poster
fishing landings. We sampled the connection channel This study verified ammonia excretion in different life
between two lakes and the Solimões River aiming to stages (eggs, larvae, and juveniles) of silver catfish
identify the use of this transient environment as (Rhamdia quelen).The higher ammonia excretion at
sideway to migratory route of commercially important hatching time (28-48 h) probably occurred due to the
fish species. higher elimination of metabolites during this process.
The ammonia excretion per unit of body mass in
Hematological response of freshwater fish smaller specimens was higher than in larger specimens
Colossoma macropomum exposed to of silver catfish. This is in agreement with the fact that
sublethal copper concentration metabolic rate decreases as body size increases.
García, N., Salazar, R., Lemus, M., Centeno, L Ammonia excretion can change in the first 12 h of
Núcleo de Sucre, Universidad de Oriente. Instituto fasting in smaller specimens but only after 48 h in
Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (INIA), Delta larger ones, which would have a lower metabolic rate.
Amacuro. Venezuela
raquelugove @ yahoo.com Gene expression of amylase and trypsin in
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster prickleback fishes: ontogenetic, dietary, and
The hematological response of freshwater fish phylogenetic effects
Colossoma macropomum exposed to sublethal copper Anna Gawlicka, Kelly H. Kim, and Michael H. Horn
concentration was evaluated during 7 and 15 day Department of Biological Science
periods and the fish were depurated for 21 days. California State University Fullerton
Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hto), erythrocyte Fullerton CA 92833-3112 USA
counts, corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin mhorn@Exchange.FULLERTON.EDU
corpuscular concentration (MCHC) and mean Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral
corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were determined. A We measured the intensities of amylase and trypsin
significant decrease was observed in the Hb, Hcto, gene expression in four species of carnivorous and
MCV, MCH, without changes in the MCHM; the herbivorous prickleback fishes (family Stichaeidae)
erythrocyte counts showed a significative increase. The and determined the effects of ontogeny, diet, and
hematological parameters were normalized after the phylogeny on these intensities. A significant
depuration. These results suggest that copper induced phylogenetic effect was seen with the sister taxa being
microcytic anemia, although the effect is not indistinguishable in gene expression for both enzymes,
permanent. despite their different natural diets, but seen between
clades for the amylase gene only. Overall, the
Effect of dietary salt (NaCl) on growth and expression of both the amylase and trypsin genes
survival of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) appears to be transcriptionally regulated, but that of
infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis trypsin more phenotypically plastic and that of amylase
Luciano O. Garcia more phylogenetically constrained.
Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de
Santa Maria Role of olfactory tracts mediating feeding
97105-900, Santa Maria - RS, Brazil behavior and alarm reaction in the catfish
garcialo@mail.ufsm.br Pintado
Symposium: Culture Type: Oral P.C. Giaquinto
Silver catfish fingerlings were contaminated with I. Physiology Department
multifiliis and fed for 30 days with diets supplemented Faculty of Medicine - University of São Paulo, USP
with 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0% NaCl. There was also Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 14049-900, Ribeirão
a treatment with fish fed with 0.0 NaCl Preto, SP, Brazil
supplementation and exposed to water with 4 g/L salt. percilia@rfi.fmrp.usp.br
The best NaCl supplementation in the diet of silver Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
catfish infected with I. multifiliis is in the 0.5 – 1.0% We investigated which bundle of the olfactory tract
range, because it provides a combination of low was essential for mediating feeding behavior and fright
26
reaction response in Pseudoplatystoma coruscans. The Composition of fish fauna in Salina Lagoon in
dilemma „to feed or to flee‟ was analyzed in fishes the estuary of Rio Caeté, AM, Brazil
with intact and sectioned tracts stimulated with alarm Ynglea G.F. Goch, Uli Saint-Paul, Jansen A.S.
substance extract and food. Fish were arranged in four Zuanon; Uwe Krume
groups, according with the olfactory tract section: Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA/Núcleo de
lateral, medial, and total section of the tracts and Estudos Costeiros, Bragança, Brazil
submitted to either alarm substance extract and food ynglea@yahoo.com.br
stimulus. Fish reacted to food independently of which Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
tract was sectioned, but none of the fish with sectioned The present research determined the composition of
tracts reacted to alarm substance extract. These results fish fauna in Salina Lagoon. Samples were collected
indicate that taste systems and subsystems are during three months of the rainy season and three
sufficient to trigger and elicit feeding behavior. months of the dry season, which resulted in a total of
Integrity of the tracts seemed to be required for nineteen different species being captured. There were
mediating alarm reaction. no differences in CPUE values between the rainy and
dry seasons, however, a difference in capture period
Multisensorial convergence to the (between day and night) was detected. Among the
hypothalamic nucleus anterior tuberis in abiotic factors studied, salinity showed the highest
Gymnotus carapo seasonal difference. The four most abundant species
Ana Catarina Casari Giassi identified were: Achirus achirus, Centropomus
Department of Physiology, FMRP, University of São pectinatus, Centropomus undecimalis and Mugil
Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão curema.
Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
anagiassi@rfi.fmrp.usp.br Population structure and historical
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster demography of the red snapper (Lutjanus
Electrosensory systems might share a common campechanus) fishery in the northern Gulf of
evolutionary lineage with the mechanosensory system. Mexico
It has been suggested that electrosensory brain J. R. Gold, E. Saillant, and C. R. Pruett
structures could have evolved by duplication from Ctr for Biosystematics and Biodiversity, Texas A&M
mechanosensory areas, yielding a strong relationship University, College Station, TX 77843-2258 USA
between these systems. The present study provides a goldfish@tamu.edu
description of the connections of the mechanosensorial Symposium: Communities Type: Oral
nucleus anterior tuberis of Gymnotus carapo. Results of a genetic survey of individuals from four
Therefore, unilateral BDA depositions in TA were cohorts sampled from three localities in the northern
made in an in vivo study. Our results include Gulf of Mexico are reported. Among-locality
mechanosensory, elecrosensory, olfactory and visual divergence was non-significant for both microsatellites
afferent likewise electrosensory efferent connections, and mtDNA. ML estimates of variance effective
suggesting an integration of mechanosenorial population size (NeV) ranged between 1,048 and
information with others sensorial modalities at this 14,275 and were approximately three orders of
nucleus. magnitude lower than estimates of census size (N).
Differences in NeV indicate occurrence of
Cardiac troponin C: Studies in molecular „demographic‟ stocks within the fishery. Nested-clade
evolution. analysis of mtDNA sequences indicated a recurring
Todd E. Gillis, F Chung, Bo Liang, and Glen F. Tibbits history of range expansion and restricted gene flow
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada due to isolation by distance or fragmentation.
tibbits@sfu.ca Management of the red snapper fishery in the northern
Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral Gulf as a single stock may not be warranted.
Cardiac myofibrils of rainbow trout have a higher
Ca2+ sensitivity than that of mammals. To determine The relationship between stress protein (hsp)
the residues responsible for the differences in Ca2+ expression and metabolism in the heart of the
sensitivity between trout and mammalian cardiac rainbow trout
myofibrils, we made a D2N/V28I/L29Q/G30D mutant Judah Goldstein
of mammalian cardiac troponin C (NIQD McTnC), the jgldstn@mta.ca
aa found in trout TnC. The effect of these mutations Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Oral
on Ca2+ binding to site II was measured by monitoring Our objectives were to correlate the expression profile
the fluoresence of a F27W reporter mutation as well as of stress proteins in whole heart and primary cultured
by measuring tension in a rabbit skinned cardiac ventricular cardiomyocytes with associated metabolic
myocytes reconstituted with NIQD McTnC. The changes that occur when fish are subjected to an acute
results showed that these aa substitutions are critical heat shock. Heart hsp70 expression increased
for the trout heart phenotype. significantly following a 1hour heat shock at 25 C and
stayed elevated into recovery while hsp90 remained
27
unaltered. Heart [ATP] and [lactate] did not change Lactate Dehydrogenase activity levels and isoform
significantly during the temperature stress. It is expression were observed in three Amazon cichlids
possible that, as in mammals, hsps protect the during 12 months. LDH activity levels varied in heart
metabolic function of the heart during a temperature of the three analyzed species. These changes were
stress. inversely correlated with the amount of oxygen
dissolved in the water where these animals were
The use of anesthetics for tambaqui collected. The decrease in oxygen levels induced an
(Colossoma macropomum) increase in heart LDH levels, suggesting the induction
Levy de Carvalho Gomes, R. Roubach, M.F. Façanha, of anaerobic metabolism during those periods. A4
F.A. L. Fonseca, A.L. Val orthologs were exclusively expressed in hearts of these
Embrapa – Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal da animals, and may be considered the main adaptive
Amazônia Ocidental, Caixa Postal 319, CEP 69011- strategy which allows them to survive indefinitely in
970, Manaus, AM oxygen depleted environments.
levy@cpaa.embrapa.br
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster Cloning and characterization of a SLC26a4
Anesthetics are important in fish culture to reduce (Pendrin) homologue from rainbow trout
handling stress and mortality. The objective of this (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
work was to investigate mentol, benzocaine and Greg G. Goss, Fumi Katoh And Elizabeth A. Orr
eugenol as an anesthetic for tambaqui. The best Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta
concentration for surgical anesthesia with mentol, Edmonton, AB, T5G 2E9 Canada
benzocaine and eugenol were 150, 100 and 66 mg/L, ggoss [ggoss@ualberta.ca]
respectively. The results confirmed that mentol, Symposium: Ions Type: Oral
benzocaine and eugenol are an adequate anesthetic for The molecular identity of the anion exchanger found
tambaqui. on the apical surface of mitochondria rich cells in the
gills of rainbow trout remains undetermined. Using
Carbohydrate preferential metabolism in rtPCR and both 3‟ and 5‟ RACE, we have cloned large
hypoxia tolerant cichlids fragments of 2 different anion exchangers from the
Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes SLC26 family in rainbow trout. One of the cloned
LEEM INPA Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, fragments displays highest homology against human
Brazil CEP 69083-000 SLC26a4 (Pendrin). We have demonstated using either
Adriana Chippari Gomes [chippari@inpa.gov.br] rtPCR or Northern analysis that there is expression of
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Poster the SLC26a4 homologue in both gill and kidney
The goal of this work was to study the metabolic tissues. Future experiments will focus on completion
profiles of nine species of Amazon cichlids. The of the full length sequence and functional analysis of
following enzymes were analyzed: piruvate kinase, the protien.
lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and 3-
Hydroxiacil CoA Dehydrogenase. Tissues analyzed Morphofunctional gill changes after acute
were white muscle, heart, liver and brain. In addition, copper exposure and subsequent recovery in
liver and muscle glycogen contents were estimated. neotropical fish (Prochilodus scrofa)
Similar enzyme distribution and glycogen contents Ellen Gravi
were observed in the 9 species; all of which presented ellengravi@uol.com.br
a glycolytic based metabolism in all tissues, HOAD Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
levels were lower than the levels of glycolytic The volume, area, histopathology and water-blood
enzymes, suggesting a metabolic preference for barrier were determined, using the stereological
carbohydrate energetic metabolism, characteristically method, in the gills of P. scrofa after acute copper
described as a metabolic strategy of hypoxia-tolerant exposure (CL50-96h) and subsequent recovery in clean
animals. water (copper free), to evaluate the morphofunctional
changes in these structures. P. scrofa is affected by the
Ldh isoforms are seasonaly regulated in copper, resulting in a tendency to alter the volume and
response to environmental oxygen availability area of the gills, increasing histopathologies and the
in cichlids water-blood barrier. On the 30th day of recovery, gill
Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes tissue was similar to the controls. The increase of the
Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution water-blood barrier may protect against copper but it
(LEEM) might affect the respiratory function by reducing gas
National Institute for Research in the Amazon (INPA) exchange.
Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, Brazil CEP
69083-000 The influence of environmental PO2 on
Adriana Chippari Gomes [chippari@inpa.gov.br] hemoglobin oxygen saturation in developing
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Poster zebrafish, Danio rerio
Sandra Grillitsch
28
Department of Zoology and Limnology, University of variability of Symphysodon aequifasciatus
Innsbruck, Austria (Cichlidae; Perciformes)
Sandra.Grillitsch@uibk.ac.at Maria Claudia Gross
Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Poster Integrado de Pós Graduação em Biologia Tropical e
During early larval development of lower vertebrates Recursos Naturais/BADPI/INPA
convective blood flow is assumed not to be essential gross@inpa.gov.br
for oxygen supply to the tissues, but data on their Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
oxygenation status during the time of cutaneous In order to understand how chromosomal evolution
respiration is still missing. Therefore, we measured takes place in the speciation of Symphysodon, we
hemoglobin oxygen saturation of zebrafish larvae analyzed the diplotene cell behavior of 14 males of
under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions in vivo by Symphysodon aequifasciatus. The giemsa stained
combining video imaging techniques with a diplotene cells showed atypical configuration. Instead
spectrophotometrical analysis of hemoglobin light of the expected 30 bivalents, a variable number of
absorption. Red blood cell oxygenation of larvae at 4 bivalents and univalents were found, and the rest of the
dpf, 5 dpf and 12 dpf could be increased by chromosomes formed a cord. These preliminary data
hyperoxygenation, suggesting that at the time of yolk lead us to advance two hypotheses: the first being that
sac degradation and growing tissues, respectively, bulk karyotype 2n=60 originated from a major event, such
diffusion may not be sufficient to prevent partial as polyploidization and the other one, that a series of
deoxygenation of the hemoglobin. events might have originated meta-submetacentric type
chromosomes.
Copper uptake across freshwater fish gills –
Cu(I) or Cu(II)? Biochemical responses of matrinxa (Brycon
Martin Grosell cephalus), submitted to long-term sustained
University of Miami swimming
mgrosell@rsmas.miami.edu Araceli Hackbarth
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral arinhahack@yahoo.com.br
The freshwater fish gill plays critical roles in copper Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
homeostasis and in acute copper toxicity in freshwater The long-term exercise and fish performance
fish. Studies have revealed branchial high affinity correlation is still controversial. No data is available
copper uptake including a novel Na-sensitive transport for the Neotropical fishes regarding this subject. We
system but have yet to be fully characterized. Using have studied the metabolic profile of matrinxa exposed
the zebrafish as a model organism we have to continuous exercise for 30 and 60 days at 0.84 BLs-
demonstrated that the gill preferentially transport 1. The growth rate of fish exercised for 60 days
Cu(II) rather than Cu(I) which is the most comment increased 30% and the catabolism of protein and
substrate for known copper transporters. We propose a sugars declined in the white muscle. Increase of body
role for DMT in copper homeostasis. mass and catabolism of lipid were also observed. We
have concluded that the farming of matrinxa in
Mechanisms of bicarbonate transport by the moderate-speed waters is preferable to the rearing in
marine teleost intestine lentic environments.
Martin Grosell
RSMAS, MBF University of Miami 4600 A review of osmoregulation in freshwater and
Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, Florida 33149-1098 marine elasmobranchs
mgrosell@rsmas.miami.edu Neil Hammerschlag
Symposium: Ions Type: Oral Field Research Coordinator
The marine fish intestine secretes bicarbonate against The ReefQuest Centre For Shark Research
an electrochemical gradient. Apical anion exchange hammersn@bellsouth.net
mediates this secretion and serves osmoregulatory Symposium: Elasmobranchs Type: Oral
purposes. Studies have revealed that basolateral proton Studies of osmoregulation in marine and particularly
extrusion is the driving force for bicarbonate secretion. fresh water elasmobranchs have been limited,
An Ussing-Chamber/pH-stat approach showed that incomplete and intermittently reported in the literature
basolateral proton extrusion strongly depends on over the last 80 years. Although there has been
serosal sodium in a reversible manner suggesting the significant research on elasmobranch osmoregulation,
involvement of a sodium:proton exchanger. no study exists uniting all previous work into a single
Bicarbonate secretion is not influenced by altering comprehensive report. This study examines previous
serosal pH within a physiological range but more research in elasmobranch osmoregulation and presents
extreme manipulation of extracellular pH alters the results in a single, comprehensive review, covering
bicarbonate secretion topics including body fluid (solute and solvent) volume
and concentration variations, body fluid synthesis,
Using meiotic analysis in order to investigate retention and secretion, in different elasmobranch
the evolving mechanisms in the chromosomal
29
species, in different habitats, having varying nutritional pHs, by tonometry, according to Riggs & Wolbach
states, and in different life history stages. (1956). The results suggest that sublethal
concentrations of cadmium do not directly alter the
Hemoglobin sickling in boreal fishes: An transport of oxygen. However, it is possible that
adaptation to the cold? cadmium can modify the Hb-O2 affinity for oxygen
Hunt von Herbing, I. and Robert Cashon indirectly, by complexing with ATP thus rendering this
Integrative Animal Biology Program, phosphate unavailable to bind to Hb.
National Science Foundation,
4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230 One-step purification of cadmium-induced
Hunt Von Herbing, Ione [ihuntvon@nsf.gov] metallothionein in the Amazon fish
Symposium: Respiration Type: Oral Colossoma macropomum
Paracrystalline arrays of hemoglobin (Hb) tetramers Rubens T. Honda, Adalberto Luis Val and M Demasi
were found to occur in fish red blood cells (both in situ INPA-LEEM Av. André Araújo 2936 Cep: 69083-000
and in isolated cells) under low oxygen conditions in Bairro Aleixo Manaus, AM, Brazil
several species of cold-water boreal and Arctic species. Rubens T. Honda [rthonda@inpa.gov.br]
The physiological characteristics and importance to Symposium: Metabolism Type: Poster
fish survival of this Hb 'sickling' or gelation One important property of metallothioneins is the
phenomenon is as yet unknown, but of the more than detoxification of transition metals. Metallothionein has
thirty fish species examined, only the cold-water been proposed as a metal biomarker in aquatic
boreal fishes (many of which were gadids (codfishes)) environments. In the present work we describe a one-
exhibited Hb sickling. This study was conducted to test step method to purify hepatic metallothionein from
the hypothesis that Hb sickling may be a feature of Colossoma macropomum exposed to cadmium.
normal fish respiratory physiology and may be Purification was performed with a metal chelating
adaptive in extreme cold-water environments. chromatographic column. Purified metallothionein was
evaluated by SDS-PAGE and UV spectra of the Cd2+-
Growth parameter of pirarucu Arapaima gigas loaded protein. The method described allows high
broodstock purity and Cd2+ rapid extraction of metallothionein.
Alexandre Honczaryk
INPA, Aquaculture Department, CP 478 Manaus, AM, Comparision between the responses of the
Brazil 69083- teleost Pacu and its hybrid Tambacu
Alexandre [alex@inpa.gov.br] (Piaractus mesopotamicus X Colossoma
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster macropomum) to acute short-term nitrite
As reported by Fontenele (1948) the statement: “The exposure
most important Amazonian fish is one of the least Tiago Silvestre Fernades Hori; Ive Marchioni.Avilez
known” still prevails. There are many gaps in the and Gilberto Moraes.
knowledge of reproductive strategies and tactics Gilberto Moraes [gil@power.ufscar.br]
adopted by pirarucu Arapaima gigas and this allows Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
much speculation. Efforts to produce pirarucu Nitrite is a result of the nitrification process. Its level
offspring with the desirable traits for fish culture have can become considerably high in certain particular
been impeded by the lengthy period required to reach situations as gravely polluted areas. Nitrite is very
sexual maturity and commence spawning, while the toxic to fish. The main objective of this work was,
economic success of the whole operation depends on therefore, to compare the effects of nitrite exposition in
improved growth performance and efficient food two related fish: Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and
conversion by the broodstock. The purpose of this Tambacu, a hybrid which pacu is one of the parental
investigation is to evaluate growth parameters in three species. Also, since nitrite toxic effects have been long
classes of fish, 1year, 3 years and adult fish. This study regarded to the metahemoglobin formation, it is also an
enables a cost estimation to be made of maintaining objective to compare our results to the present
pirarucu broodstock untill the time of first maturation. knowledge about the responses of this two fish to
environmental hypoxia.
Functional study of hemolisate of Matrincha in
the presence of cadmium Gut length and mass in prickleback fishes
Rubens T. Honda and Adalberto Luis Val (Stichaeidae): ontogenetic, dietary, and
INPA Av. André Araújo, 2936 Manaus, AM, Brazil phylogenetic effects
rthonda@inpa.gov.br Michael H. Horn and Donovan P. German
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster Department of Biological Science
The exposure of fish to sublethal concentrations of California State University Fullerton
cadmium can affect gas exchange between the external Fullerton CA 92833-3112 USA
environment and tissues. In this study we analysed the mhorn@Exchange.FULLERTON.EDU
effect of cadmium on oxygen affinity of the Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral
hemolysate of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) at different
30
We measured gut length, Zihler‟s index, and relative Stress response in the Neotropical teleost
gut mass in four species of prickleback fishes and matrinxa exposed to cold shock
determined the effects of ontogeny, diet, and Luís Antonio Kioshi Aoki Inouea
phylogeny on these gut dimensions. Two of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de
species, Cebidichthys violaceus and Xiphister mucosus, Genética e Evolução. Rod Wasington Luiz, km 235.
increased gut dimensions with increase in body size Cep 13565 905. São Carlos, SP, Brazil
and did not change ontogenetic trajectory in gut luis inoue [luisinhoi@yahoo.com.br]
dimensions on an artificial high-protein diet, Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
suggesting that they are genetically programmed to Fish transport in Southeast Brazil exposes matrinxã to
develop relatively large guts associated with herbivory. cold shock which may result in a high mortality rate.
Xiphister atropurpureus increased gut dimensions The Amazon basin teleost matrinxã has been
similar to its sister taxon, X. mucosus, suggesting intensively reared in Brazil, and special procedures
phylogenetic constraint, but decreased gut dimensions must take place in fish farms. We are investigating the
on the high-protein diet, suggesting phenotypic matrinxã physiological responses to cold shock (from
plasticity. 28ºC to 18ºC) during short periods of time (1 h).
Plasma cortisol and glucose, and tissue HSP 70 were
Intron Length Polymorphism (EPIC-PCR) as a assayed. Cortisol increase was verified, and the same
molecular systematic tool for the dentification trend was observed for glucose values. HSP 70 was
of piranha species expressed in the gills, but no significant changes were
Nicolas Hubert et al. observed in the other tissues.
Muséum National d‟Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire
d‟Ichtyologie, Paris Ecological feature of a Volga pike perch
myloplus@excite.com (Stizostedion volgense) population with
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral reference to anthropogenic aspects in the
Piranhas are a well known systematically problematic upper Kuibyshev water reservoir of Russia
group. In a recent cytogenetic study, it was shown that Asiful Islam and V. A. Kuznetsov
NOR pattern failed to offer substantial information Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Kazan State
between closely related species of the genus University, Kazan, Russia 420008; Kazan Institute of
Serrasalmus. We applied the EPIC-PCR technique to Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of
the piranha fauna in order to attempt a molecular Science, Kazan, Russia 420111
characterization of the species in the Bolivian Amazon. Asiful Islam [asifuli@yahoo.com]
We found from 1 to 10 diagnostic loci for the 9 Symposium: Communities Type:
Bolivian species assessed. For each of the 9 species, all Volga pike perch, introduced in 1973, as a commercial
the populations constitute monophyletic units. Our fish in Kuibyshev water reservoir, play an important
results suggest that EPIC-PCR is a powerful tool for role in the ecological balance of the reservoir. In the
the identification of the Bolivian species and intra- 1980's, the production of S. volgense was 435.1 tonnes
specific polymorphism. per annum (8.8% of the total production of fishes) but
in 2001, the production declined to 34 tonnes per year
A comparison of the effects of starvation on (1.2 %). Commercial production of this species has
gene expression in fish and mammals been influenced by different factors e.g. over-
Carrie Hung, A. Cossins and David J. Randall exploitation, competition for food in the feeding
Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong ground, environmental factors, pollution and
Kong, China imbalance in the ecosystem.
David Randall [BHRAND@cityu.edu.hk]
Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral Limiting factors: O2 concentration and
Energy and protein metabolism increases in rats during transferrin polymorphism of pike perch larvae
starvation, using fat stores initially and then protein in the Kuibyshev water reservoir of Russia
when fat stores are depleted. The common carp Asiful Islam
(Cyprinus carpio) is able to survive months of food Kazan State University, Kazan, Russia
deprivation. Our results show that a large number of Asiful Islam [asifuli@yahoo.com]
genes involved in energy producing pathways, as well Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
as genes that play crucial roles in fatty acid Serum proteins of two pike perch species (Stizostedion
biosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, and oxygen lucioperca and S. volgense) were investigated by 10 %
transport, were suppressed during starvation. A SDS and 5 % native-PAGE. In the intensive growing
number of cell maintenance systems were up- period, fingerlings require vast amount of transferrin.
regulated. It appears that the common carp survives In comparison with adult fishes, fingerlings have more
prolonged starvation by turning down its metabolic transferrin peaks in both SDS and native
requirements, though how this is achieved remains a polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses systems. Dissolved
mystery at this moment. O2 content in the water bodies has an inverse
relationship with transferrin protein patterns. In
31
Kuibyshev water reservoir, the deficiency of dissolved virtually unknown. We exposed 8ºC-acclimated
O2 usually occurred in August (below 4.5 ppm). DO wolfish to an acute temperature challenge (6 to 16ºC at
content in the water bodies could help to regulate the 2ºC h-1) and graded hypoxia (final O2 level 20% sat.),
transferrin levels of fishes. Transferrin polymorphism and measured cardiac function (cardiac output, Q;
of pike perch established direct relationships with the heart rate, FH; and stoke volume, Sv) using
ecosystem. Transonic® flow probes. Q was unchanged from 6 to
8ºC but increased linearly (by ~ 60%) from 8 to 16ºC.
Are heat shock proteins reliable indicators of This was due solely to an elevation in FH (~80%)
general stress in fish? because Sv fell by approx. 10%. FH decreased
George K. Iwama significantly (by 50%) when wolfish were exposed to
Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research graded hypoxia. However, in contrast to most other
Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova teleost species, Sv did not increase to maintain or
Scotia, Canada B3H 3Z1 enhance Q.
George.Iwama@nrc.ca
Symposium: Stress Type: Oral Abiotics factors influence Oreochromis
General indicators of stress should consistently change niloticus growth
beyond their normal range in response to a wide range Juliana F. S. Cardoso, L. G. Vieira, D. Cardoso and E.
of stressors. Plasma concentrations of catecholamines L. França
and cortisol are examples of such indicators in jullyfs@uai.com.br]
vertebrates, including fish. The ubiquitous existence of Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
heat shock proteins (hsps; also known as stress Tilapias represent a group of exotic species that are
proteins) and responsiveness to a wide range of found in the all-Brazilian territory. In this study Nile
stressors has convinced many researchers that they are tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were used. The
good indicators of stressed states in fish. This cellular objective was to observe the heterogeneous growth and
response, however, can vary according to species, the behavior of this species, when exposed to different
tissues, hsp family, and type of stressor. This paper stress conditions. To determine appropriate conditions
will discuss the reliability of hsps as such indicators in to maintain the quality of tilapia, we observed
fish. temperature variation, light, pH, social and physical
parameters. The analyses of heterogeneous growth
Reproductive cycle and migration of blue were established according to Group of Study
shark (Prionace glauca) in the South Atlantic Heterogeneous Growth – UNESP. Botucacu – SP.
Ocean
Legat, Jefferson Dietary vegetable lipids induce elevated
jfalegat@yahoo.com.br cortisol levels and affects intestinal barrier
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster functions
Research developed by several authors and a study Fredrik Jutfelt, R E Olsen, J Glette and K Sundell
conducted on southwest Atlantic Ocean, between 27ºS Fish Endochrinology Laboratory, Zoophysiology,
e 35ºS, proposes the existence of an annual Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg,
reproductive cycle for blue shark (Prionace glauca) in Gothenburg, Sweden.
the southwest Atlantic Ocean. Coupling takes place fredrik_jutfelt@hotmail.com
during spring and summer. Ovulation and egg Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
fertilization occurs between March and April, followed The intestinal epithelium of fish acts as a barrier to
by parturition 9 or 12 months later. The existence of pathogens. Several factors can influence the barrier
two distinct populations was established in Brazilian functions and thus the health and welfare of fish.
waters: Population I, between 5º N and 7º S; and Severe, acute stress affects barrier functions, but also
Population II between 20º and 35º S. low intensity, long-term stress may compromise the
intestinal integrity. Husbandry conditions, like dietary
Cardiac Function in Atlantic Wolffish vegetable lipids, may act as chronic stressors. Using
(Anarhichas lupus) Exposed to Acute chamber techniques, intestinal barrier functions and
Temperature and Hypoxia Challenges translocation of pathogenic bacteria were shown to be
N. Joaquim affected by dietary vegetable lipids. The diet also
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de increased plasma cortisol levels. Thus, long-term stress
Ciências Fisiológicas Laboratório de Zoofisiologia e may be induced by dietary vegetable lipids with a
Bioquímica Comparativa Via Washington Luiz, km subsequent effect on the barrier functions.
235 - Caixa Postal 676 13565-905 São Carlos, SP
Brazil Economic incentives, direct controls
ftrantin@power.ufscar.br James Kahn and Zack Manis
Symposium: Respiration Type: Poster Environmental Studies Program, Science AG-15,
The wolffish is a benthic North Atlantic species, that Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA 24450
has aquaculture potential and whose physiology is kahnj@wlu.edu
32
Symposium: Communities Type: Oral species phylogeny and that a functional SR is a
ITQs, non-transferable quotas and other regulatory common characteristic of the order Ostariophysi.
mechanisms have failed dismally in managing and
protecting fishery resources. The vast majority of SLC26A anion exchanger expressed in
oceanic fisheries are in a state of collapse, as species rainbow trout kidney
by species regulation of catch have not been effective. Fumi Katoh
This paper looks at a new set of economic incentives Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta,
that are capable of dealing with catch issues, but going Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
beyond to consider species inter-relationships, fkatoh [fkatoh@ualberta.ca]
incidental catch, habitat destruction and other fishing Symposium: Ions Type: Oral
externalities. Policies that are evaluated includes The SLC26A is a family of recently discovered highly
ecosystem reserves (marine or freshwater), fishery versatile anion exchangers. Some of the family
recovery or protection bonds, concession agreements, members have been reported to be located in
and performance bonds, among other policies. mammalian kidney, and specifically involved in
sulfate, chloride, or bicarbonate transport. Full-length
The consequence of feeding in the dogfish SLC26A1-like cDNA was cloned from seawater-
shark for acid-base regulation and nitrogen adapted rainbow trout using RT-PCR followed by 5‟
metabolism and 3‟ RACE. Expression of the SLC26A anion
Makiko Kajimura transporter was examined in different tissues using
McMaster University, Department of Biology, LSB Northern blot analysis. Expression was primarily
208 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1 located in the trunk kidney. The kidney is the likely
kajimur@univmail.cis.mcmaster.ca site for excretion of excess divalent anions and we are
Symposium: Ions Type: Oral investigating the role of SLC26A1 in sulfate excretion
This study investigated the effect of feeding, and thus
elevated nitrogen status, on N-metabolism in dogfish Environmental factors influencing the
shark. Both natural feeding and experimental feeding distribution of fish groups in headwater
by stomach tube were investigated. A marked streams, Jaú National Park, AM
disturbance of blood acid-base status (“alkaline tide”) Alexandre Kemenes and Bruce Rider Forsberg
and a small rise in plasma ammonia followed feeding. Instit Nacional de Pesq da Amazônia, INPA - BADPI,
Only minor increases in ammonia excretion and no C.P. 478, Manaus, AM, Brazil, cep: 69011-970,
change in urea excretion occurred. We suggest that N- Alexandre Kemenes [alekemenes@yahoo.com.br]
conservation is a high priority in this elasmobranch, Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
and that feeding promotes ureogenesis and growth, According to the River Continuum Concept (RCC),
while calories are directed into fat metabolism longitudinal changes in the physical characteristics of a
(Supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant to CMW river can have predictable effects on habitats and biota.
and an NSF grant to PJW). The objective of this study was to investigate the
influences of the RCC and habitats on the fishes of Rio
Effects of temperature and calcium availability Jaú. Collections and measurements of fishes were
on ventricular myocardium from Neotropical made in 34 headwater streams during November and
teleost fish December of 1998. Fishes were captured along the
A.L. Kalinin, F.T. Rantin, M.J. Costa standard two meander samples reaches. Data on
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Dep de Ciências benthic habitat structure and stream size were collected
Fisiológ, Lab de Zoofisiol e Bioquímica Comparativa, along ten transects. Variations in the distribution and
Via Washington Luiz, km 235 - Caixa Postal 676 diversity of substrates and stream size were important
13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil factors influencing the fishes.
ftrantin@power.ufscar.br
Symposium: Respiration Type: Oral The origin and evolution of lungfish
Several studies have demonstrated a correlation Anne Kemp
between the environmental temperature, level of Univ of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
activity, stimulation frequencies and the sarcoplasmic a.kemp@mailbox.uq.edu.au
reticulum (SR) participation in E-C coupling. Symposium: Lungfish Type: Oral
Experiments in vivo and in vitro were performed with Lungfish are ancient fish of uncertain relationships but
4 teleost species (Piaractus mesopotamis, Prochilodus distinctive characteristics. They are osteichthyans, and
scrofa, Hoplias malabaricus, and Synbranchus classified within this large group as sarcopterygians, or
marmoratus) at 15, 25 and 35 ºC. Our results indicate lobe finned fishes. Characters, like their unique
that these species depend significantly on the dentition, suggest few close relationships with other
intracellular Ca2+ stores, irrespective of temperature or fish. Lungfish diverged early in the Devonian from
stimulation frequency. We suggest that the SR basal types of bony fish. Although evidence regarding
participation in E-C coupling is closely related to the the origin of lungfish is tenuous, an evolutionary
progression within the group can be traced without
33
difficulty. This is not degeneration or regression to a of shorthorn sculpin were monitored at 3ºC and 8ºC
basic state. It is a process of refinement, resulting in throughout larval development, with and without the
fish that are well adapted for their natural presence of a predatory threat. In addition, routine
environments. metabolism was measured throughout ontogeny in a
respirometer with a fiber-optic oxygen measurement
Aspects of the morphology and physiology of system. This paper will report changes in foraging
the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri during ontogeny and relate them to morphological
Anne Kemp development and changes in routine oxygen
Univ of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia consumption.
a.kemp@mailbox.uq.edu.au
Symposium: Lungfish Type: Oral Field bioassays with common fish and
The Australian lungfish is perfectly adapted to its invertebrate food resources near
natural habitat in southeastern Queensland. reclaimed water marshes on San Francisco
Adaptations of the cardiovascular system of lungfish Estuary
are well known, but of minimal importance to the Christopher L. Kitting and Cleber C. Ouverney
Australian lungfish, which most often uses gill Department of Biological Sciences, California State
breathing despite the exigencies of its environment. University, Hayward, California, 94542, USA
Less notable adaptations of the Australian lungfish, ckitting@bay.csuhayward.edu
essential for life in its natural habitat are of interest. Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
Unfortunately, they do not equip the lungfish well for Filtration by constructed marshes might help detoxify
the changes made by human interference with rivers wastewater. In San Francisco Bay , our field bioassays
and lakes in south east Queensland, and the Australian in plastic /mesh enclosures for two-week periods
lungfish is now under threat of extinction. suggested higher survival of threespine stickleback,
Gasterosteus aculeatus, and other common organisms
Oxygen Consumption During Acute enclosed in treated reclaimed water marsh effluent (~5
Temperature Stress in Young Ocean Pout ppt salinity) compared with reference marshes at
(Macrozoarces americanus): A Benthic, Cold- various salinities, except for the native horn snail,
Water Marine Species Cerithidea californica. Roughly 60% dilution with
S. S. Killen, A. K. Gamperl, and J. A. Brown bay water also attracted diverse animals to cages more
Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of than in reference sites, possibly due to dense
Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada A1C 5S7 zooplankton. This marsh effluent showed no other
Kurt Gamperl [kgamperl@mun.ca] short-term detriments compared with other marsh
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster water, cautiously supporting filtration by marshes.
Little information exists on the thermal physiology of
early life stages of cold-water marine fishes. In this Metabolic rate in relation to swimming speed,
study, ocean pout (40-50 mm) acclimated to 3ºC, 7ºC body size and temperature in the gag grouper,
and 11ºC were subjected to an acute temperature Mycteroperca microlepis
challenge (2ºC h-1, from 3ºC to 17ºC), and changes in Richard J. Kline*, Debra J. Murie, and D C. Parkyn
routine oxygen consumption and ventilation were Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida,
monitored. Fish acclimated to 3ºC steadily increased Gainesville, FL 32653
their oxygen consumption until approximately 13ºC, at Rick Kline [rjkline@ufl.edu]
which point it began to plateau. Experiments are Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
currently being conducted with fish acclimated to 7ºC Fifteen gag (420-620 TL) were tested in swimming
and 11ºC to examine how thermoacclimation alters the trials using a modified-Blazka respirometer.
thermal senstivity of metabolism, and whether the Acclimation temperatures of 15, 22.5 and 30ºC were
pattern of response differs from that reported for tested with swimming speeds from 10 to 80 cm·s-1.
temperate pelagic species. SMR at 15ºC was estimated at 42 mg kg-1 hr-1 with an
exponential relationship of swimming speed (v) (bl·s-
Threat-sensitive foraging in larval shorthorn 1) to VO2 (mg kg-1 hr-1) of VO2=42.36e1.293v.
sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) throughout Trials at 22 and 30ºC corresponded to
early development and its dependence on VO2=60.96e1.13v and VO2=93.024e0.952v,
metabolism respectively. Ucrit averaged from 50 cm·s-1 at 15ºC
S. S. Killen, A. K. Gamperl, and J. A. Brown to over 80 cm·s-1 at 30ºC. Models relating
Kurt Gamperl [kgamperl@mun.ca] temperature and fish size will be incorporated into a
Symposium: Egg Type: Oral field activity budget for gag.
Little is known about threat-sensitive foraging during
the early development of teleost fishes, and whether The velvet hammer: Using swim performance
changes in metabolism around metamorphosis affect as a sublethal indicator of exposure to toxic
the willingness of larvae to forage under the threat of compounds.
predation. In the current study, the foraging behaviors Alan S. Kolok
34
6001 Dodge Street, 114 Allwine Hall, University of Following quinidine treatment of wildtype zebrafish
Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Ne 68182-0040 heart rate was similar to bre mutants, but cardiac
akolok@mail.unomaha.edu output significantly decreased compared to wildtype or
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral bre- larvae. But this had no severe effect on tissue
When exposed to toxic compounds, fish will exhibit a vascularisation.
number of physiological alterations. While these
alterations can be either beneficial (e.g., acclimation) Diel variations of the fish community in the
or detrimental, the impact of these changes on the seagrass beds of Guadeloupe Island
overall fitness of the animal can be difficult to Dorothée Kopp
evaluate. Whole animal performances, such as swim Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Laboratoire de
performance, are valuable tools that researchers can Biologie Marine, Campus de Fouillole, BP 592
use to study the effects of toxic compounds on fish, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre France
and to infer changes in overall fitness of individuals. In Dorothée KOPP [dorothee.kopp@univ-ag.fr]
this presentation, I will give examples of how swim Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
performance can be used to focus mechanistic studies, The fish fauna of the Thalassia testudinum seagrass
and be used to infer impacts at higher levels of beds of Guadeloupe Island was studied at two stations
organization. located near coral reefs and near coastal mangroves. A
total of 98 species belonging to 36 families was
Adaptive variation in the development and collected by day and night, using a purse seine and a
thermal tolerance of Arctic char eggs specific hoop net called “capéchade”. Cluster and
Marten A. Koops and Ross F. Tallman factorial analyses revealed the existence of two groups
tallmanr@dfo-mpo.gc.ca of fishes occupying the coastal and the seaward
Symposium: Egg Type: Oral seagrass beds. In each station, the analyses highlighted
It is often assumed that development is a species- the existence of diel activities of fishes. This activity is
specific characteristic. We test the hypothesis of more important in the seagrass beds located near coral
adaptation to local thermal conditions in the reefs than in those near mangroves.
development and thermal tolerance of Arctic char
eggs. Both development rate and thermal tolerance are A comparison of climatic effects on fish
influenced by the location of origin. Development stocks on the decadal and interannual time
rates are lower in North America than Europe at high scales with some applications to fisheries
temperatures, but North American stocks have higher management
development rates at low temperatures. Thermal Andrei Krovnin
tolerance changes with longitude and the optimal Russian Federal Research Institute of
temperature for survival decreases from 4.9ºC in Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO)
Austria to 3.5ºC in Canada. Eggs can be adapted to 17 V.Krasnoselskaya, Moscow 107140, Russia
local thermal conditions, and the development and Andrei Krovnin [akrovnin@vniro.ru]
thermal tolerance of char eggs are not species-specific, Symposium: Communities Type: Oral
but rather regional or even stock-specific We consider the differences in climatic effects on fish
characteristics, with char eggs from North America stocks in the North Pacific and North Atlantic between
being adapted to colder incubation temperatures. the decadal and interannual time scales. Both
combined and separate principal component analysis
The influence of heart perfomance on was applied to the 95 physical and biological time
cardiovascular parameters in developing series for the 1970-2000 period. The results show a
zebrafish (Danio rerio) similarity between the first three biologic and climatic
Renate Kopp PCs and PC scores for the full data set. However, the
Department of Zoology and Limnology, University of biologic PCs exhibit a clear year-to-year persistence
Innsbruck, Austria (regimes), while the climatic PCs reveal a rather strong
Sandra.Grillitsch@uibk.ac.at interannual variability superimposed on decadal
Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Poster regimes.
A reduced performance of the heart is observed in
several mutants (e.g. breakdance (bre) mutant of the Liver histopathology of feral freshwater fish
zebrafish – occasional atrioventricular 2:1 contraction) populations collected along a contaminated
or can be induced by pharmacons (e.g. quinidine). stream
Alterations in cardiac output and blood flow may in Langiano, V.C and Cláudia B. R. Martinez
turn cause changes in the vascularisation of tissues. Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas
Using high speed video imaging techniques we could Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CP 6001
show that in contrast to wildtype zebrafish larvae Londrina, Paraná, CEP: 86051-990
temperature sensitivity of bre-heart rate was extremely cbueno@uel.br
low. In addition, during 1:1 beating heart rate was Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
significantly lower than that of wildtype animals.
35
This study examined liver histology of two freshwater distributed by all gill arches, and also located in extra-
fish species Astyanax altiparanae (Characidae) and branchial sites. There are branchial receptors in the
Hypostomus ancistroides (Loricariidae), collected over first gill arches that attenuate the respiratory responses.
one year in five sites along an urban stream which
receives contaminants from different sources. Effect of copper and temperature on RNA/DNA
Histopathological alterations were classified semi- ratios in juveniles of Petenia kraussii
quantitatively according to two criteria: 1) by ranking Mairin Lemus and Kyun S. Chung
the severity of tissue lesions. On the basis of these data Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias.
mean assessment value (MAV) of lesions was 1Departamento de Biología Marina, Instituto
calculated for each site; 2) based on the scope for Oceanográfico de Venezuela. Universidad de Oriente,
repair of the lesions. With this method it was possible Venezuela. Cumaná 6101
to compare the degree of tissue change (DTC) in fishes mlemus@sucre.udo.edu.ve
from different sites and to correlate the intensity of Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
pollution with the intensity of changes found. Juveniles of Petenia kraussii were exposed to 0.20 and
1.20 ppm of copper and 22 and 30ºC. The time of
Sexual and geographical variation of exposition to copper was 30 days and the organisms
morphometrics in the blue shark Prionace were sacrificed at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. 30 mg of
glauca epaxial muscle were taken to determine ARN, DNA
Jefferson F. A. Legat and proteins. Relation RNA/DNA and proteins/DNA
Pesquisador II, Embrapa Meio-Norte BR 343 / Km 35, diminished significantly in organisms exposed to
Caixa postal 341 Parnaíba, PI - 64200-970 copper and 22ºC. For the copper concentration of 1.20
Jefferson Legat [jfalegat@yahoo.com.br] ppm and 22ºC, RNA/DNA and protein/DNA
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster diminished in 50% with respect to controls.
Specimens of Prionace glauca were collected from RNA/DNA and protein/DNA were similar in the
November 1996 to April 1998 between lat. 27ºS and control animals and these exposed to the metal and
35ºS. Forty body measurements were taken from of 35 30ºC.
females with total length (TL) from 148.5 to 294.5 cm,
and 78 males from 135 to 292 cm TL. Females had a Temperature regulated growth of Atlantic cod
broader pectoral fin, a greater pectoral-pelvic space larvae in the ocean
and a shorter tail than the males. These differences Keith Levesque
may be a secondary sexual characteristics related to Québec-Océan, Biology Department, Laval University,
reproduction and to the hydrodynamics of swimming. Québec City, QC, Canada
Thirty-four body proportions were compared with data dominique.robert@giroq.ulaval.ca
from northeastern Brazil: 8 differed in both sexes, 5 in Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
males only, and 5 in females only. We related growth to temperature for Atlantic cod
larvae sampled during four consecutive years (1997 to
O2 chemoreceptors involved on the control of 2000) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Eastern
cardiorespiratory function of pacu, Piaractus Canada. Water temperature was the best predictor of
mesopotamicus in response to graded growth which increased up to 10ºC and decreased
hypoxia beyond this optimum. Larvae that grew in
Leite, C.A.C., Florindo, L.H., Kalinin, A.L., Milsom, temperatures averaging 10ºC during their first 20 days
W.K. & Rantin, F.T. of life reached a maximum length of 8.6mm. Larvae of
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de the same age were on average 1mm smaller when
Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Zoofisiologia e temperatures were 4ºC higher or lower than the
Bioquímica Comparativa, Via Washington Luiz, km optimum. Given that the larval growth rate is 0.2mm d-
235 - Caixa Postal 676 13565-905 - São Carlos, SP, 1, this 1mm difference could translate into a 5 day
Brazil increase in the duration of the larval stage and thus
ftrantin@power.ufscar.br affect subsequent recruitment.
Symposium: Respiration Type: Poster
To study the location and the distribution of the O2 Tissue specific changes in protein synthesis
chemoreceptors involved in the cardio-respiratory associated with seasonal metabolic
responses to hypoxia, intact and gill-denervated pacu, depression in cunner (Tautogolabrus
Piaractus mesopotamicus, were exposed to internal adspersus)
(venous blood) and external (inspirited water) Johanne M. Lewis
injections of NaCN and, subsequently, to graded Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of
hypoxia. The O2 receptors involved with the cardiac Newfoundland, A1C 5S7 Canada
responses are exclusively located in the gills and are Johanne Lewis [jmlewis@mun.ca]
distributed internally and externally by all the gill Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
arches. The receptors involved with the respiratory Metabolic depression enables animals to conserve
adjustments are also internally and externally oriented, energy stores and increase survival time when faced
36
with environmental stress. The cunner (Tautogolabrus Bonnie Sun Pan [bonnie@mail.ntou.edu.tw]
adspersus) is a year round resident of inshore waters Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
along the North Atlantic coastline and is known for Tilapia exposed to 3.0 mg/L of ammonium chloride for
extended periods of dormancy in winter. Protein over 24 h, decreased in erythrocyte count and size
synthesis rates in liver, white muscle, heart, brain and (p<0.05) and increased in leukocyte count. Plasma
gill will be reported for temperatures ranging from LOX activity increased by 3.6 times. Plasma glucose
14ºC to 0ºC in order to examine the tissue specific and hematocrit showed no significant differences from
changes in protein synthesis that are associated with the control (p>0.05). After exposure to 1.5 mg/L of
seasonal metabolic depression. In addition, the ammonium chloride for 72 h, the erythrocyte count
measurement of oxygen consumption rates will give an was not significantly different from the control
estimate of the cost of maintaining protein synthesis (p>0.05). Leukocyte count increased with prolonged
during periods of hypometabolism. exposure time, plasma glucose increased to 1.7 times,
while LOX activity increased to 2.7 times of the
Effects of the temperature on the cortisol control. The tilapia blood LOX activity responded with
stress response and growth of surubim more sensitivity to the physical and chemical
Luciene Lima and Terry Barry environmental stresses than blood cell counts,
University of Wisconsin-Madison hematocrit, hemoglobin and plasma glucose.
Luciene Lima
Symposium: Stress Type: Poster The ichthyofauna spatial distribution in the
The fast growing fish surubim is highly appreciated in Fish Lagoon National Park (31 S), Brazil
Brazil. However, optimal culture conditions for this Daniel Loebmann & João Paes Vieira
species have not been well documented. The pontoporia@vetorial.net
measurement of the cortisol stress response may enable Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
us to correlate differences in rearing conditions with This work analyzed the spatial distribution of
stress responsiveness and ultimately growth. Our ichthyofauna along the saline gradient of the Fish
investigation compared the cortisol stress response in Lagoon National Park. Since the system has an
surubim reared at 24, 27 and 30ºC. Plasma cortisol intermittent opened/closed mouth, which allows for the
peak levels after the stressor occurred in 30 min at the mixing of salt water with fresh water, the ichthyofauna
three temperatures and were significantly higher in fish was composed of limnetic, marine and estuarine-
reared at 30ºC. Fish in 27ºC achieved the best growth related species. Based on ichthyofauna composition,
rates. Cortisol peak levels were negatively correlated the Lagoon was divided in four zones: pre-limnetic and
with weight gain. estuarine (both with shallow-waters and deep-waters).
The variability in fish composition was characterized
Changes in the liver during hypoxia and by a gradual change in the dominance patterns, a
reoxygenation gradual replacement of marine to freshwater species
Poon Wing Lin and David Randall and a pronounced reduction in fish abundance in
Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong shallow waters.
Kong, China
David Randall [BHRAND@cityu.edu.hk] Metabolic response of two air-breathing fishes
Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral (Amazon catfishes) after exposure to graded
Increased cell death in less vital organs or tissues with hypoxia
high regeneration power may be one of the strategies Nívia Pires Lopes
in fish when they are experiencing hypoxia. Energy LEEM INPA Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Manaus,
can be re-localized to more vital organs such as heart AM, Brazil CEP 69083-000
and brain. Levels of cell death, cell proliferation and Nívia Lopes [nivia@inpa.gov.br]
cell cycle arrest were measured by TUNEL (Tdt- Symposium: Metabolism Type: Poster
mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, a method detecting Several groups developed air-breathing to avoid
DNA nick ends), PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear depletion in oxygen content, which is common in
antigen, a marker for cell proliferation) and p27 (a Amazon waters. The goal of this work is to compare
mitotic inhibitor) during hypoxia and re-oxygenation. the metabolic responses in Liposarcus pardalis and
These studies indicate molecular responses were Hoplosternum littorale to graded hypoxia. When
oxygen level dependent, that apoptosis was minimal exposed to their respective oxygen thresholds, both
and most cells entered into cell cycle arrest. species showed an increase in their opercular
movements and in the levels of plasma glucose and
Effect of ammonium on blood characteristics lactate. They also exhibited decreasing oxygen
and lipoxygenase activities in cultured tilapia consumption and the general absolute enzyme levels,
De le Liu and Bonnie Sun Pan compensating for low oxygen concentrations.
Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean Nevertheless, the L. pardalis showed better
University, mechanisms for hypoxia toleration than the H.
Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
37
littorale, probably due to differential biochemical provide a rich food resource. In the present study, the
adjustments in tissues. activities of total protease, lipase, amylase and maltase
on the alimentary tract of eight teleost species from
Differential gene expression on tambaqui, four different orders have been reported. An attempt
Colossoma macropomum CUVIER, 1818 has also been made to correlate the enzyme activities
exposed to crude oil with their feeding habits. The analyzed species were:
Katherine López-Vásquez 1) Osteoglossiformes, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum; 2)
National Institute for Research in the Amazon Characiformes, Metynnis hypsauchen,
Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, 69060-001, Manaus, Semaprochilodus taeniurus and Semaprochilodus
AM, Brazil insignis; 3) Siluriformes, Phractocephalus
katherine [katherin@inpa.gov.br] hemioliopterus; and 4) Perciformes, Geophagus aff.
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster altifrons, Cichla temensis and Cichla monoculus
We used a differential display RT-PCR (DD-RT-PCR)
protocol to identify genes whose mRNA levels were Adaptive histological variations in the gut of
altered in response to acute exposure of Colossoma pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) fed
macropomum to crude oil. We then examined the different protein levels
expression of these genes in liver, brain, gills and Lundstedt, L.M.; Melo, J.F.B.; Moraes, G.
muscle, and differently expressed bands were found. Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal
These bands were excised from the gel and cloned in University of São Carlos
the pGEM-T vector (Promega). After E.coli (DH5-F‟ Rod. Washington Luís, km 235; CEP: 13565-905; CP
strain) transformation, the plasmid was recovered and 676. São Carlos, SP, Brazil
sequenced in an automated sequencer. At least one Gilberto Moraes [gil@power.ufscar.br]
band was identified and showed a small identity with Symposium: Culture Type: Poster
Platichthys flesus partial mRNA for multidrug A comprehensive knowledge of fish gut morphology is
resistance associated protein 5 (mrp5 gene). essential to understand the changes from dietary
adaptations. Mucous tissue is directly associated to
Daily variation of the digestive enzymes digestion and absorptive processes. Therefore,
amylase, maltase, lipase, and total protease in morphometry is a good tool to adjust a proficient
juveniles of the tambaqui, Colossoma model to evaluate the extension of the absorptive area
macropomum of the gut and associate it to metabolical aspects.
Katherine López-Vásquez Juvenile pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) fed
National Institute for Research in the Amazon different contents of crude protein adapted the mucous
Av. André Araujo, 2936, Aleixo, 69060-001, Manaus, intestine by increasing the amount of mucous produced
AM, Brazil and the quantity of absorptive and enzyme releaser
katherin@inpa.gov.br cells. In addition, intestinal muscular layers enlarged to
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster increase motility and optimize absorptive processes.
To provide information on time of feeding for raising
tropical fish species that result in better weight gain Cardiorespiratory and tissue adenosine
and feeding conversion rate, we have analyzed the responses to hypoxia and reoxygenation in
occurrence of circadian variations of the digestive the shorthorn sculpin
enzymes: amylase, maltase, lipase and total protease in Tyson J. MacCormack
juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. The fish Memorial University of Newfoundland
were exposed to four experimental protocols: starved; tmacc@mun.ca
fed at 7:00 AM; fed at 5:00 PM; and fed randomly. Symposium: Respiration Type: Oral
Except for maltase, the maximum activities of all Hypoxic accumulation of cardiac adenosine is
analyzed digestive enzymes peaked at dawn (4-6 AM) documented in mammals but has not been shown in
in starved animals. This data suggests that the animals fish. Adenosine was measured in heart and brain from
prepared themselves to be fed early in the morning. Myoxocephalus scorpious, exposed to
hypoxia/reoxygenation in conjunction with
Digestive enzymes of some teleosts of the cardiorespiratory parameters, plasma lactate and ions.
amazon with different feeding habits Sculpin exhibited an hypoxic bradycardia and a drop in
Katherine López-Vásquez cardiac output that recovers with reoxygenation.
National Institute for Research in the Amazon Ventilation rate declined under hypoxia/reoxygenation.
Av. André Araujo, 2936, Aleixo, 69060-001, Manaus, Hypoxia resulted in elevated plasma lactate and Ca2+
AM, Brazil while K+ levels increased after reoxygenation.
katherin@inpa.gov.br Adenosine was maintained in heart while brain levels
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster fluctuated significantly. It is concluded that a
The Amazon region presents a wide variety of aquatic depression of oxygen demand allows sculpin to avoid
environments that support an ichthyofauna more excessive adenosine accumulation under hypoxia.
diverse than that of any other river system, as well as
38
Development of functional feeding in marine
larval fish: connecting behaviour and Metabolism of salmon eggs in relation to
physiology temperature, egg size and species.
Kelly O‟Brien-MacDonald and Joe Brown Don MacKinlay, Karin Howard and John Jensen
Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 401 Burrard Street
Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, A1C 5S7 Canada Vancouver, BC, V6C 3S4 Canada
OSC Director [oscdir@mun.ca] mackinlayd@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Symposium: Egg Type: Oral Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
A major source of mortality for larval fish is The respiratory and excretory metabolism of Atlantic,
starvation. Many species of larvae are poorly coho, chinook and chum salmon eggs was tested for
developed at first feeding and in order to avoid correlation with egg size and water temperature.
starvation the development of digestive physiology and Results showed that the egg size is more important in
foraging behaviour must be coupled. We conducted a determining the metabolic rate at a given temperature
series of experiments with Atlantic cod (Gadus than species.
morhua) larvae in which the quality of prey fed to
larvae was varied. We recorded the activity of a Identification of club cells and behavioural
number of digestive enzymes concurrently with the responses of Leporinus piau to alarm
behavioural and growth performance of larvae. substance
Results demonstrate that foraging efficiency and Elisângela Jaqueline Magalhães and Liliam Midori Ide.
digestive enzyme activity are linked and increase the Laboratory of Ecophysiology, Dept. de Ciências
likelihood of survival in larval cod. Naturais, UFSJ, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
Liliam [liliam@ufsj.edu.br]
Effect of water ionic content on the hardening Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
process following fertilization of salmon eggs The responses of individually housed L. piau to
Don MacKinlay conspecific skin extract were dashing, slowing its
Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 401 Burrard Street swimming activity and freezing. Dashing behavior
Vancouver, BC V6C 3S4 Canada decreased at more diluted solutions. These data suggest
mackinlayd@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca a minimum stimulus dilution required to elicit an alarm
Symposium: Egg Type: Poster response. L. piau swam in a more cohesive school and
Coho salmon eggs placed in water of different settled to the substratum during the conspecific skin
concentrations of different common ions (Na, Ca, Mg) extract exposition, compared with distilled water
took on volumes of water inversely proportional to the controls.
total ionic concentration of the water. Water hardening
is important because it provides protection from Ichthyofauna composition and diversity in
mechanical shock in salmon. However, distilled water aquatic macrophyte banks in a central
did not provide as much water hardening as water with Amazonian floodplain lake, AM, Brazil
dilute ionic content. Magalhães, E.R.S.; Soares, M. G. M.; Freitas, C. E. C.;
Yamamoto, K.C.
Accounting for Animal and Human Coordenação de Biologia Aquática, Instituto Nacional
Behavioural Plasticity in Experimental Biology de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA
Don MacKinlay yamamoto@inpa.gov.br
Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 401 Burrard Street Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
Vancouver, BC V6C 3S4 Canada Aquatic macrophyte banks in floodplain lakes are
mackinlayd@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca considered to be nurseries for fish, including
Symposium: Pleanary Type: Oral commercially important migratory species fries. Fish
The design, conduct and analysis of experiments in structure analysis of the communities at aquatic
fish biology needs to make assumptions as to the macrophyte banks in a lake fished only for the
comparability of the response of experimental subjects. sustenance of riverside dwellers showed low diversity
Studies that include animal behavioural responses need and abundance of specimens. Sixty-three (63)
to be particularly cautious in making inferences about specimens distributed in four orders, eight families, 11
adaptive consequences of observed behaviours, for two genera, and 14 species, were caught at high water.
main reasons: 1) Behaviour is the most plastic of all Shannon – Wiener and Berger & Parker diversity
biological responses and is often measured in less- indexes were similar with the dominance of the
than-rigorous fashion, and 2) Human behavioural Triportheus albus migratory species. This fact is
ideosyncracies can affect both the recording and probably related to the direct connection between the
evaluation of experimental results, leading to a subtle lake and the Amazon River.
bias that may result in falacious conclusions.
Experimenters need to be aware of both the sources On the morphology of the lung of the African
and the forces of potential bias and the safeguards lungfsh, Protopterus aethiopicus
against them. John N. Maina
39
School of Anatomical Sciences, 7 York Road, Astronotus ocellatus as the most tolerant freshwater
Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa fish species so far described in the literature.
mainajn@anatomy.wits.ac.za
Symposium: Lungfish Type: Oral Whole body cortisol: An innovative stress
Four species of the lungfish genus Protopterus occur assessment perspective for Amazonian
in Africa. The lungs of Protopterus aethiopicus are ornamental fish trade
long and paired. The respiratory surface area is 14.3 Marcon, Jaydione Luiz, Brinn, Richard, Affonso,
cm2.g-1, the blood gas barrier 0.370 µm thick and the Elisabeth Gusmão, Urbinati, Elisabeth Criscuolo
diffusing capacity of the lung is 0.0024 mlO2.s- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Departamento de Ciências
1.mbar-1.kg-1. The values in some cases exceed those Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas
of lungs of some supposedly more advanced air- (UFAM). Manaus, AM, Brazil
breathing vertebrates. Living in an anoxic Richard Brinn [rpbrinn@yahoo.com]
environment, P. aethiopicus may have adaptively Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
developed an exceptionally efficient lung. The Cardinal Tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) accounts
for 80% of the exports from Brazil and is one of the
The parasite fauna of Colossoma target species in this study. Fish withstand great stress
macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) (Osteichthyes: during exporting processes. Understanding this is
Characidae) cultivated in cages in the essential when trying to improve the quality of fish.
Amazon, Brazil Our objective was to evaluate and validate whole body
José Celso de Oliveira Malta; Angela Maria Bezerra cortisol levels of several Amazon ornamental species.
Varella; Alzerina Silva de Souza; José Francalino Fish were sampled in the wild to attain basal cortisol
Vital; Daniel Brito Porto; Maricelia Oliveira de Sousa levels and during transport, to correlate with stress.
Laboratório de Parasitologia e Patologia de Peixes - Using whole body technique, we found that cortisol is
LPP, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - a good stress indicator and basal levels are important
INPA, Cx Postal 478 Manaus, AM, Brasil for future studies.
José Celso [jcmalta@inpa.gov.br]
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster Effect of protein and energy variation in the
The occurrence of parasites and diseases in Colossoma biochemical performance of pintado
macropomum constitutes one of the problems inherent Pseudoplatystoma corruscans
to their culture in the Amazon State. This study Licia Maria Lundstedt, Jose Fernando Bibiano Melo,
assessed the parasite fauna in fish cultivated in cages in Gilberto Moraes
Amazonian floodplain lakes. The animals were Gilberto Moraes [gil@power.ufscar.br]
collected and transported to the laboratory for necropsy Symposium: Culture Type: Oral
and parasite quantifying and identifying. Parasite Adjustments of nutrients in diet formulation may
groups found were: Myxozoa; Monogenoidea; unbalance the levels of the main components. Ideal
Acanthocephala; Copepoda; Branchiura; Isopoda and diet composition for different species is a goal of fish
Hydracarina farming. Questions about which component is more
critical as unbalanced may be difficult to answer.
Median lethal concentration (CL50) for un- However, some indces related to stress can assist such
ionized ammonia in two Amazonian fish decisions. We assayed different protein contents and
species, Colossoma macropomum and energy levels in the feeding of pintado. Our results
Astronotus ocellatus suggested this species is more sensitive to protein than
Marcon, J.L.; Moreira, S.S.; Fim, J.D.I. energy variations. In conclusion, extra cares must be
Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas paid in the protein diet formulation.
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas
Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Molecular mechanisms for species differences
Manaus, AM, Brazil in the temperature dependence of the cardiac
Jaydione Luiz Marcon [jlmarcon@fua.br] Na+-Ca2+ exchanger
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster Christian Marshall, Hua Le, Mark Hnatowich, Larry V
The toxicity of ammonia to fish is reported to differ Hryshko and Glen F Tibbits
significantly among species. In this study the CL50 96 Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
hours for un-ionized ammonia (mgNH3/L) was tibbits@sfu.ca
assessed for two Amazon fish species, the cacachoid Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral
fish Colossoma macropoum (tambaqui), and the ciclid The mammalian cardiac NCX is highly temperature
Astronotus ocellatus (acará). Fish were exposed (with dependent (Q10 of ~2.4). In contrast, the trout cardiac
replicates) to five different water ammonia NCX exhibits Q10s of ~1.1 over the same range. We
concentrations, including a control. The results showed showed that the region responsible for the disparate
that both species were highly tolerant to un-ionized temperature sensitivities is within the N-terminal
ammonia, when compared to other freshwater fish domain. In this study, trout, canine, squid (NCX-
species. Furthermore, this work also features SQ1), fruit fly (CALX) and tilapia NCX cRNA were
40
expressed in Xenopus oocytes. NCX-SQ1 has similar
temperature dependence to NCX-TR1.0, while CALX Oxidative status of gilthead seabream (Sparus
is between the canine and trout isoforms. Combining aurata) during the endogenous feeding period.
bioinformatics data with functional data has provided Masullo P. , Ieropoli S., Perrucci G., Agnisola C.,
insight into which residues within the N-terminal Sansone G.
domain of NCX are likely to be responsible for the Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II"
phenotype. Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale
Via Mezzocannone, 16
Biomarkers as tools to characterize the health 80134 Naples, Italy
status of fishes collected along an urban Sansone Giovanni [giosanso@unina.it]
stream Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
Cláudia Bueno dos Reis Martinez In fish, like in mammals, the antioxidant system
Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas operates to maintain health and to prevent oxidation-
Universidade Estadual de Londrina induced lesions and mortality. It involves antioxidant
C.P. 6001 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil compounds, antioxidant and associated enzymes.
CEP: 86051-990 Information relating to in vivo lipid peroxidation and
cbueno@uel.br antioxidant defences in Mediterranean cultured fish
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral species is quite limited, particularly regarding fish
In order to assess exposure to or effects of eggs, newly-hatched and early larvae. The aim of this
environmental pollutants a wide array of biomarkers work was to investigate the antioxidant system of sea-
were analyzed in three fish species collected along an bream (Sparus aurata) larvae during the endogenous
urban stream which receives contaminants from feeding (from 1 to 7 day), when deep modifications
different sources. The following parameters were occur during their development.
examined: genotoxic parameters (DNA integrity –
micronucleus and comet assay), biotransformation CYP1A induction in tambaqui exposed to
enzyme (liver GST), antioxidant enzyme (liver petroleum hydrocarbons and dissolved
catalase), hematological parameter (Hb content), organic matter
metabolic parameters (blood glucose, lipids and Matsuo, AYO, Woodin, BR, Stegeman, JJ, and Val,
proteins), ionic parameters (blood Na+, K+ and Cl-) AL
and histological parameters (gill, kidney and liver Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA
histopathology). The results, based on several Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular,
biomarkers, strongly suggested that the health of the 3 Manaus, AM, Brazil
fish species collected along the stream were impaired aline@inpa.gov.br
probably due to chronic exposure to pollutants. Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
We assessed CYP1A induction in tambaqui exposed to
Enzyme activities in the Gulf killifish, petroleum hydrocarbons (2.8% crude oil) and to
Fundulus grandis, during long-term hypoxic dissolved organic matter (DOM; 22 mgC/l). We
exposure further measured EROD activity at DOM
Mery Martinez concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 mgC/l using natural
University of New Orleans and commercial DOM. Results indicated that: CYP1A
Department of Biological Sciences is a useful biomarker for exposure to petroleum
New Orleans, LA 70148 USA hydrocarbons; DOM itself induces CYP1A expression,
Mery Martinez [merymartinez@hotmail.com] and this relationship is concentration-dependent; DOM
Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral combined with petroleum hydrocarbons resulted in
We used the Gulf killifish, a common inhabitant of higher CYP1A induction relative to that of fish
oxygen-poor estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico, to exposed to the pollutant alone; exposure to commercial
examine the effects of long-term hypoxic exposure on DOM overestimated CYP1A induction relative to the
the maximal activities of glycolytic and gluconeogenic natural source.
enzymes. Hypoxia lead to a decrease in enzyme
activities in white skeletal muscle, an effect that was Unidirectional Na+ flux and CYP1A
consistent with lower growth rates in the hypoxic immunohistochemistry in Hyphessobrycon
group. In liver, some, but not all, of the glycolytic and erythrostigma exposed to a surfactant and to
gluconeogenic enzymes increased during hypoxia. crude oil
Hypoxia was associated with minimal changes in brain Matsuo, AYO, Duarte, RM, Woodin, BR, Stegeman,
and heart enzyme activities. Rather than a coordinated JJ, and Val, AL
up-regulation of anaerobic metabolic capacity and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA
down-regulation of aerobic metabolic capacity, the Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular,
response to hypoxia varies among enzymes and Manaus, AM, Brazil
tissues, and appears to depend, in part, upon nutritional aline@inpa.gov.br
status. Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
41
We analyzed changes in unidirectional Na+ fluxes and Comparative analysis of eggshell morphology,
immunohistochemical detection of CYP1A at the gills physiology, and biochemistry in temperate
of Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma acutely exposed to a and antarctic marine teleosts
surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS, at 10 mg/l) Massimo Mazzini, Anna Maria Fausto, Simona
and to petroleum hydrocarbons (2% crude oil). Our Picchietti, Anna Rita Taddei and Giuseppe Scapigliati
results indicated that SDS did not affect branchial Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della
permeability. Both SDS and petroleum hydrocarbons Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
suppressed Na+ loss, which was also associated with Anna Maria Fausto [fausto@unitus.it]
Na+ uptake inhibition. SDS alone induced CYP1A Symposium: Egg Type: Poster
mildly, but when combined with petroleum Fish egg envelopes are fundamental for reproduction,
hydrocarbons, induction was relatively higher, since genes for chorion proteins are conserved
suggesting that the surfactant increased the toxicity of throughout vertebrates. We studied eggshell
hydrocarbons to fish. morphology biochemistry, or physiology in several
temperate (sea bass, trout, whitefish) and one antarctic
No inhibition of Na+ influx in tambaqui (icefish) species by using specific monoclonal
exposed to high copper concentrations in antibodies. Main results showed that: i) gross eggshell
extremely soft water morphology is similar, with icefish displaying an
Matsuo, AYO, Wood, CM, and Val, AL additional peculiar layer; ii) the molecular building
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA block of fish eggshell could be a glycopeptide with a
Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular, MW around 40 kDa; iii) eggshell precursor proteins
Manaus, AM, Brazil are produced in the liver, released through the blood,
aline@inpa.gov.br and their uptake and assembly are performed by
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster oocytes in a peculiar way.
We analyzed unidirectional Na+ fluxes in tambaqui
exposed to copper (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ug/l) in Activation of the growth hormone/insulin-like
extremely soft water (10 umol/l Ca2+). Trout were growth factor I axis during smolting and
used for comparison. Tambaqui showed exceptionally seawater acclimation of Atlantic salmon
high tolerance to copper, lacking inhibition of Na+ Steve McCormick
uptake even at 400 ug/l. By contrast, trout showed USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center
inhibition of Na+ influx ranging from 50% to 66%. One Migratory Way, PO Box 796
Na+ efflux in tambaqui was stimulated significantly Turners Falls, MA 01376
within the range of 100 to 400 ug/l of copper, but the mccormick@umext.umass.edu
resulting net flux was still very mild. Trout, however, Symposium: Ions Type: Oral
did not show the ability to control net flux at 300 ug/l Atlantic salmon smolts increase plasma levels of
copper. growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-
I) in spring. These increases are further accentuated by
Calcium uptake in two Amazonian fish native migration and seawater entry. Seawater exposure of
to ion-poor waters of the Rio Negro Atlantic salmon parr results in variable levels of
Matsuo, AYO and Val, AL growth hormone and cortisol. Plasma IGF-I increases
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA dramatically after 2 days in seawater and remains
Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular, elevated for 14 days. These changes are coincident
Manaus, AM, Brazil with increased ornithine decarboxylase (an index of
aline@inpa.gov.br mitotic activity) and gill Na,K-ATPase activity. The
Symposium: Ions Type: Poster results are consistent with a role for growth hormone
We analyzed Ca2+ uptake kinetics in Apistogramma and IGF-I in the development of salinity tolerance
sp. and Carnegiella strigata under natural and artificial during smolting and the process of seawater
conditions. We also measured changes in Ca2+ influx acclimation.
over 24 h at pH 3.6 and 37 mgC/l of dissolved organic
matter (DOM). Ca2+ affinity in fish was very high in An experimental evaluation of altitudinal
natural conditions (Km~27 umol), but significantly species zonation patterns in montane
reduced in artificial conditions (Km~80 umol). The streams: Do abiotic or biotic factors determine
Ca2+ transport capacity was not high (Jmax below 23 the distribution of native and nonnative trout
nmol/g/h). Low pH induced significant inhibition of in Utah, USA, rivers?
Ca2+ influx, whereas an increase in DOM Pete McHugh
concentration stimulated Ca2+ uptake. The Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
combination of both, however, resulted in uptake rates Department of Aquatic, Watershed, and Earth
even lower than for low pH alone. Resources, Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322-5210
petemchugh@cc.usu.edu
Symposium: Communities Type: Oral
42
Patterns of species replacement occur along altitudinal behaviour during fights. Microscopic examination
gradients in montane streams worldwide. Although revealed four stages and five phases of ovarian
experimental data addressing these patterns are development. Mature females showed all the phases of
generally lacking, differentiating between biotic and oocyte development indicating multiple spawning.
abiotic controls on distributions has implications for
native fish conservation. We conducted an experiment Alozymic variation of cultivated and natural
aimed at evaluating the relative and potentially populations of Caquetaia kraussii
combined roles of thermal limitation and competitive (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
interactions in determining a brown trout – cutthroat Medina, Julia and Bonilla, Ana
trout zonation pattern observed in Utah streams. Our Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias
results demonstrate that the lower altitudinal limit of (INIA) Estación Experimental Guanapito y Postgrado
cutthroat trout is due to competitive interactions with en Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad
brown trout; the brown trout upper limit is likely due Central de Venezuela
to thermal or other physical limitations. medinagj@cantv.net
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
Development of respiratory systems and The genetic structure of a population may be altered by
responses in larval and juvenile lungfish factors such as genetic flux and natural selection. The
(Protopterus aethiopicus:hekel) aims of this work were to determine the endogamy
Brian R. McMahon coefficient and to determine the variation degree and
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of genetic similarity in cultivated and natural populations
Calgary, Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW.,T2N1N4 of Caquetaia kraussii (petenia). Using electrophoresis,
Alberta, Canada 26 enzymatic systems were revealed, a total of 28
mcmahon@ucalgary.ca) presumed loci, 26 monomorphics, only one allele in
Symposium: Lungfish Type: Oral equilibrium and a higher endogamy level in both
Larval and juvenile stages of an African Lungfish populations. The results indicated low genetic
Protopterus aethiopicus (Hekel) were collected from variability in the populations, with a strong influence
L. Victoria near Entebbe, Uganda. Respiratory and of consanguinity in both populations.
cardiac movements were monitored using a dissecting
microscope and recorded on film. At collection the Metabolical reflex of feeding in the teleost
larvae had 3 pr. external gills (Stage 9 of Kerr 1909) Rhamdia quelen (jundiá)
but opercular pumping and surface visits to take air José Fernando Bibiano Melo, Lícia Maria Lundstedt,
were observed. It was thus assumed that four areas, Vania Loro Vieira, Gilberto Moraes
lungs, external and internal gills and the skin were Gilberto Moraes [gil@power.ufscar.br]
potentially available for gas exchange. The responses Symposium: Culture Type: Poster
of branchial and lung ventilatory systems were The excess of dietary amino acids is shifted to
measured during exposure to normoxic and hypoxic energetic demands. The suitable ratio protein /
water. The results are compared with those of adults to carbohydrate may prevent the amino acids spare.
illustrate the development of respiratory systems and Juvenile jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) were fed isocaloric
their control. diets with four protein levels (20, 27, 34 and 41%).
The growth rate, amino acid catabolism, plasma urea,
Reproductive behaviour and biology of hybrid hepatic arginase and glutamate dehydrogenase
red tilapia Oreochromis niloticus X O. followed the dietary protein. Gluconeogenesis was
mossambicus observed and amino acids were consumed as an energy
A P. T. Medeiros & S. Chellappa source of high dietary protein. The highest level of
Psychobiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande protein did not prevent lipid catabolism. Carbohydrates
do Norte, CB, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, must be included in the rations of jundiá to avoid spare
Natal/RN, Brazil protein effect.
Sathyabama Chellappa [bama@dol.ufrn.br]
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster Mechanisms responsible for the enhanced
The hybrid red tilapia Oreochromis niloticus x O. cardiac performance of winter flounder
mossambicus is used in aquaculture. This study was Paula da Costa Mendonça
conducted to determine male reproductive aggression, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of
territorial defence and gonadal development. Newfoundland, St. John's, NL. Canada A1C 5S7
Territorial interactions between unequally sized, Paula Mendonça [mendonca@mun.ca]
sexually mature males were investigated in resident Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Oral
and non-resident conditions. Histological studies were Using an in situ perfused heart preparation at 8 ºC we
carried out for microscopic characterization of the found that the winter flounder heart has an extremely
gonads. Fecundity and type of spawning were high stroke volume (SV, 2.3 ml g ventricle-1), the
determined. The resident fish won the encounters highest reported for teleost fishes. To examine the
regardless of size and relative size influenced factors that contribute to the high SV in this species, in
43
situ Starling curves and in vitro pressure-volume bernard.de-merona@univ-lyon1.fr
curves were determined for winter flounder, Atlantic Symposium: Communities Type: Oral
cod and Atlantic salmon hearts. The pressure-volume Amazon fisheries are among the most complex
curves indicate that the flounder‟s atrium and ventricle freshwater fisheries in the world with a heterogeneous
are significantly more compliant than the other two environment, a great number of exploited species and a
species. This finding was confirmed by the Starling multitude of different gear and fishing strategies. One
curves, which showed that flounder heart is more method of managing such a fishery is to identify
sensitive to filling pressure. individual fishing strategies, on which the global
model could be applicable. Based on a set of
The fishes of the forest streams of central continuous data from a Manaus market between 1976
Amazonia: A preliminary survey and 1988, we propose a method to identify individual
Fernando P. Mendonça, Jansen Zuanon; Mizael S. fisheries. From a careful examination of the data and
Seixas & André V. Galuch an adequate coding, a multivariate analysis was carried
Jansen Zuanon [zuanon@inpa.gov.br] out. The results allow the definition of 4 types of
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster fisheries.
We surveyed published and unpublished sources to
analyze ichthyofauna characteristics of central Evaluation of energy expenditure in adult
Amazonian streams. 107 (1st-4th order) streams were spring Chinook salmon migrating upstream in
included, from 11 sources and totaling 483 records. the Columbia River basin: An assessment
210 species of seven orders and 34 families were based on sequential proximate analysis
registered. Most of the species were characiforms (103 Matthew G. Mesa and Cynthia D. Magie
spp; 49%) and siluriforms (40 spp.; 19%), with a U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
dominance of small characins; some families were Center, Columbia River Research Center, 5501A
registered only at larger order streams. The overall Cook-Underwood Rd., Cook, WA 98605
high species richness and the variable degree of Matthew G Mesa [matt_mesa@usgs.gov]
similarity among river basins points to the necessity of Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral
large areas for conservation of the regional stream fish The migration of adult salmon in the Columbia River
fauna. (CR) has been dramatically altered because of
hydroelectric development. We estimated the
Dietary vitamin C and C+E supplementation energetic costs of migration and reproduction of spring
on hematological parameters of pirarucu Chinook salmon using a sequential analysis of their
(Arapaima Gigas) juveniles cultured in cages proximate composition. At the start of their migration,
Menezes, G., JB de Matos, CSM de Carvalho, E da C these fish had a remarkably high percentage of fat in
Silva, BBAS Cavero, JLuís Marcon, SF Guimães, EG the muscle (18-20%). On average, fish taking a long
Affonso time for migration used from 5 to 8% more energy
Aquicultura (Aquaculture Dept.) than faster fish. At death, fish had used 76-99% of
Instituto Nacional de Pesq. da Amazonia/INPA their lipid stores. Our results suggest an influence of
(National Institute of Amazonian Research) the CR hydroelectric system on salmon energetics.
CP 478 Manaus, AM, Brazil CEP 69083-000
pgusmao@inpa.gov.br Effects of acute thermal stress on the survival,
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster predator avoidance, and physiology of
Pirarucu stands out among the Amazonian juvenile fall Chinook salmon
ichthyofauna due to its high economic value and great Matthew G. Mesa
importance for culturing in the region. The use of U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
cages for its culture has been a great challenge and, as Center, Columbia River Research Center, 5501A
with other intensive culture systems, it can cause stress Cook-Underwood Rd., Cook, WA 98605
on the fish and consequently decrease its Matthew G Mesa [matt_mesa@usgs.gov]
immunological resistance. Vitamin C supplementation Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
of the diet can strengthen the immunological system. We subjected wild juvenile fall Chinook salmon to
Thus, our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of vitamin acute thermal stressors in the laboratory and assessed:
C and C+E supplemented in feed of pirarucu kept in a (1) direct mortality; (2) vulnerability to predation; and
system of cages, using the growth rate and (3) some physiological stress responses. Thermally-
physiological parameters as indicators. stressed fish showed little direct mortality and no
increases in vulnerability to predation. However, these
A tentative effort to disentangle the fish showed transient increases in concentrations of
complexity of Amazon fisheries. cortisol, glucose, and lactate, and a dramatic (25-fold
Bernard de Mérona increase) and persistent (lasting 2 wk) increase in
IRD - LEHF Univ. Cl. Bernard Lyon 1, Bat. DarwinC levels of liver hsp70. These physiological responses,
43, Bd. du 11 nov. 1918 and the consequences of exposing fish to multiple
69622 - Villeurbanne Cedex, France stressors, should be of concern to fisheries managers.
44
responses to cope with an assembly of environmental
Physiological impacts of short-term, sub- factors, which function as stressors.
lethal acid and aluminum exposure of Atlantic
salmon, Salmo salar, smolts Influence of broodstock dietary fatty acids on
Michelle Y. Monette and Stephen D. McCormick egg lipid composition of the silver catfish
Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Box 796, Renata Guimarães Moreira
One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 Departamento de Fisiologia – IB, Universidade de São
Michelle Y. Monette [mym@forwild.umass.edu] Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Symposium: Ions Type: Oral renatagm@ib.usp.br
Many rivers in eastern North America and northern Symposium: Egg Type: Poster
Europe experience episodic pulses of acid and Several studies have investigated the selective
aluminum (Al) that are toxic to salmonids. We mobilization of fatty acids (FA) from storage depots
examined the effects of short-term, sub-lethal acid/Al during ovarian recrudescence and the incorporation of
exposure on the osmoregulatory ability of Atlantic these FA into yolk. Nutritional requirements of fresh
salmon smolts in order to determine the mechanisms and warmwater fish are less studied, but data suggest
underlying impacts on seawater tolerance. Treatment that there are differences between their lipid
of smolts with acid/Al for 5 days resulted in elevated requirements compared to those of marine fish from
gill aluminum, hematocrit, and cortisol, and lead to cold regions. In this study, we investigate the role of
decreased gill Na+, K+ ATPase activity and plasma broodstock diet on egg composition in Rhamdia
chloride. Acid/Al treatment had no detectable effect quelen. Animals fed linseed (rich in ω3 FA) or corn oil
on gill Na+, K+ ATPase protein, but caused a slight (rich in ω6 FA) enriched diets were artificially
increase in gill cell proliferation. spawned and lipid classes and FA composition of eggs
were analyzed.
Inventory of fishes in Marajó archipelago,
Western Amazon (Pará State, Brazil) Effectiveness of Aqui-SÔ and clove oil
L F de Assis Montag and A Almeida de Albuquerque anesthesia in suppressing the stress
Division of Ichthyology, Depto. of Zoology, Museu response in rainbow trout
Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) John D. Morgan
adnaalbuquerque@yahoo.com.br Faculty of Science and Technology, Malaspina
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster University-College , 900 Fifth Street
Marajó is a complex fluvial-marine archipelago with Nanaimo, Canada V9R 5S5
islands and channels located at the mouth of the John Morgan [morganj@MALA.BC.CA]
Amazon River. We gathered unpublished data from Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
collections in savanna regions. In addition, we The purpose of this study was to determine whether
compiled data from national and international pre-treatment with clove oil and Aqui-SÔ, a
ichthyological collections to provide a basis for commercial formulation of iso-eugenol, was effective
planning the conservation and management of in blocking the stress response in trout. Fish were pre-
resources. To date, a total of 199 species have been dosed with different concentrations of anesthetic prior
recorded. In this study, 992 individuals comprising 68 to a 1-min handling stress and sampled 1 hour after the
species from 25 families were registered at ten points stressor for plasma cortisol and glucose. These
sampled in 2003. Of these, 37 species were new to the anesthetics were generally not effective in suppressing
recorded collection of Marajó. the stress response, compared to MS-222 and
metomidate. The results indicate that while Aqui-SÔ
Metabolical responses in adaptation to stress and clove oil are effective in immobilizing fish, they
in fish may not be as efficacious when the goal is to minimize
Gilberto Moraes physiological stress.
Lab Adaptive Biochemistry, Dep Genetics and
Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos Age and growth of southwestern Atlantic
Gilberto Moraes [gilmo@terra.com.br] yellowtail snapper
Symposium: Stress Type: Oral Nardino, J.; Franco, M.A.L.; Costa, P.A.S. & Braga,
Stress is fundamental to keep animals on the alert. A.C.
Biochemical intermediates responsible for Universidade do Rio de Janeiro (UNI-RIO),
physiological changes, tell us about the intensity of Laboratório de Dinâmica de Populações, Av. Pasteur,
organismal stress. Basal levels of metabolites, 458 - Prédio da ECB, sala 410. Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
enzymes, hormones and other groups of cell chemicals Brazil. CEP 22290-240.
have been accepted as normal conditions. Defining the Adriana da Costa Braga [acbragaz@hotmail.com]
normal biochemical conditions of a species can be Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
challenging when establishing the limits and possible Southwestern Atlantic yellowtail snapper Ocyurus
deleterious effects of stress. We are studying some chrysurus (16º and 20ºS) age estimates were obtained
Neotropical fish and their biochemical adaptive from counts of increments on whole sagittae otoliths of
45
642 individuals (227-535 mm FL, fork length).
Samples were taken from small-craft commercial Plasticity of locomotor performance in
fisheries that landed at Porto Seguro during a 3-year populations of a stream cyprinid across a
period (1997-2000), and for all collected specimens gradient of urbanization
fork length (FL), body weight, and sex were Jay A. Nelson
determined. Bimonthly frequency of opaque and Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University
translucent bands suggest yearly periodicity in band Towson MD 21252-0001
formation. Observed ages ranged from 4 to 16 years. Nelson, Jay [jnelson@towson.edu]
The von Bertalanffy growth model paramters (L? = Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral "
482.1 mm, K = 0.134 per year and t0 = -1,252 years)
were adjusted through the solver routine. Urbanization produces streams with reduced base flow
but increased storm flow. Blacknose dace can cope
Self-feeding rhythms and macronutrients self- with the urban environment but are also abundant
selection in Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) members of unaffected communities. We asked the
Boluda-Navarro, D.; Luz, R. K.; Rubio, V. C.; question of whether persistence of dace in urban
Sánchez-Vázquez, F. J.; Fernández-Pasquier, V.; streams accrued from alterations in locomotor
Madrid, J. A performance. We measured performance of dace
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, across a gradient of urbanization (Baltimore,
University of Murcia, Maryland). Performance depended upon base flow, but
30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain animals from urbanized streams performed better than
jflopezes@yahoo.es predicted from that relationship. Common gardening of
Symposium: Rhythm Type: Poster dace led to homogenization of performance levels,
Demand-feeding systems have proved to be a useful suggesting that population level differences in
tool to investigate the feeding behaviour in fish. performance are due to phenotypic plasticity.
Feeding rhythms and feed preferences of Senegal sole Differences in performance were not related to
using self-feeders has never been reported. To this end, biochemical indices such as muscle buffering capacity
three experiments were performed to test the ability of or LDH activity.
sole to use self-feeders; to study feeding rhythms under
natural environmental conditions, and to determine the Morphometry of larvae and juveniles of
self-selected diet from three diets of paired Roeboides paranensis (Osteichthyes) of the
macronutrients. The results showed that Senegal sole Paraná River, Brazil
learned to efficiently use self-feeders and showed a Erika Neumann
nocturnal pattern of feeding behaviour. This fish São Paulo State University, Aquaculture Center
species was also able to select a complete diet by Street of Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no
selecting from three unbalanced diets. 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
eneumann@bol.com.br
Selection on morphology and swimming Symposium: Egg Type: Poster
performance of European sea bass The aim of this paper is to describe morphometrically
(Dicentrarchus labrax) in an experimental and meristically the early life history stages of
estuary Roeboides paranensis. Specimens were caught in the
Jay Nelson, Handelsman, C. A. and Claireaux G. upper Paraná river flood plain, (Paraná, Brazil),
Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University identified and separated into different stages, according
Towson MD 21252-0001 to the degree of development and notochord flexion.
Nelson, Jay [jnelson@towson.edu] Morphometric analysis was performed in all larval
Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral stages and juveniles. For the meristic characterization,
The relationships between various swimming abilities total myomeres were contend and pre and post-anal as
and animal success are poorly known for most fishes. well.
A cohort of 120 sea bass were characterized
morphologically, measured for sprint and endurance Larval development of three tilapia strains:
performance and released into experimental estuaries two of Oreochromis niloticus and one hybrid
at densities that ensured competition for the natural Oreochromis sp.
forage base. Growth rate was assessed throughout six Erika Neumann
months in the estuary and survivors were characterized São Paulo State University, Aquaculture Center
for morphology, metabolic rate, and swimming Street of Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no
performances. The 56 survivors had swimming 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
performances that were consistent through time, and eneumann@bol.com.br
similar body shapes that differed significantly from the Symposium: Egg Type: Poster
shape of non-survivors. Growth rate was predictive of The objective of the present study was to describe
survival and was inversely correlated to swimming morphologically the larval development from two
performance. strains of Oreochromis niloticus (common nile tilapia
46
and thai-chiltralada tilapia) and one Oreochromis sp. hybridization and transient transfection studies,
(hybrid strain). In order to observe morphological respectively, will be described in this presentation.
variations of specific strain characteristics of biological
significance, subsidy is needed to improve and create Estimation of plasma melatonin fluctuation by
programs that study the description of intra-specific cannulation
variations. Yoshiaki Nikaido
Tropical Biosphere Res Center, Univ of the Ryukyus,
Description of the gut of larvae and juveniles 3422, Sesoko Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
of Roeboides paranensis (Osteichthyes) on yoshiaki-n@h3.dion.ne.jp
the Paraná River, Brazil Symposium: Rhythm Type: Poster
Erika Neumann Melatonin is synthesized in the pineal organ and the
São Paulo State University, Aquaculture Center retina of fish, and plays important roles in a variety of
Street of Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no physiological functions concerning daily rhythm. We
14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil measured plasma melatonin fluctuation of tilapia
eneumann@bol.com.br individually with cannulation. Plasma melatonin
Symposium: Egg Type: Poster concentration was high during the nighttime and low
This work described the gut‟s development from early during the daytime. Exposing the fish to light
stages of Roeboides paranensis from the floodplain of intensities (1500 to 0.1 lx) suppressed melatonin
Paraná river, Paraná, Brazil. Gut morphology was concentration to basal level within 30 minutes. Plasma
analyzed using a stereomicroscope with a camera. The melatonin concentration decreased after the fish were
morphometric data of guts were related to standard exposed to light intensities at the new and full moon.
length during development. These results indicate that tilapia can perceive
fluctuation not only of daylight but also of moonlight.
Allometry and analysis of morphometric
variation during the development of three Parasitic isopod Anilocra apogonae, a drag for
tilapia strains Cardinal Fish Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus
Erika Neumann Sara Östlund-Nilsson
São Paulo State University, Aquaculture Center Room 3423, Division of Zoology, Department of
Street of Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no Biology, University of Oslo, P O Box 1050
14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil N-0316 Oslo, Norway
eneumann@bol.com.br s.x.nilsson@bio.uio.no
Symposium: Egg Type: Poster Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
In this study, the type of allometry relationship Cymothoid isopods, Anilocra apogonae, are regular
between bodily morphometric variables during early ectoparasites of the cardinal fish Cheilodipterus
development from two strains of Oreochromis quinquelineatus on the Great Barrier Reef. We have
niloticus (common nile tilapia and thai-chiltralada found that parasitized fish lost more weight than
tilapia) and one hybrid strain Oreochromis sp. were unparasitized fish when fed a low food ration and had
characterized at different stages, in order to identify a higher rate of oxygen consumption. Moreover, the
variations within strains for allometric growth patterns drag and asymmetrical position from the parasite
and for modification in these patterns. affected the swimming performance of the fish
negatively. Thus, parasitized fish may have to spend
Hypoxia-responsive cDNAs of the CITED more time foraging, which could expose them to a
cotransactivator proteins from grass carp higher risk of being predated, a situation made worse
Patrick Ng and Richard Kong by an impaired swimming ability that may reduce their
Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong capacity to escape a predator.
Kong, China
Patrick Ng [arshinghk@yahoo.com.hk] The extreme anoxia tolerance of the crucian
Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral carp
In vertebrates, adaptive responses to hypoxia is Göran E. Nilsson
mediated by a number of hypoxia-responsive genes, Dep of Molecular Biosciences and Biology, University
and many of them are regulated by the hypoxia- of Oslo, P.O.Box 1041, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) transcription factor. In Göran Nilsson [g.e.nilsson@bio.uio.no]
humans, the HIF1-inducible CITED2 (CBP/p300- Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral
interacting transactivators with glutamic acid [E] and The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) is arguably the
aspartic acid [D]-rich tail) isoform has been shown to most anoxia-tolerant fish species. Unlike many other
negatively regulate HIF-1 by competitive binding to anoxia-tolerant vertebrates, it remains active during
the p300 transactivator. Here we report the isolation of anoxia. Glycolysis is up-regulated rather than down-
two hypoxia-inducible CITED genes from the grass regulated. The key adaptation allowing a continued
carp. The results of comparative expression and high level of glycolysis is probably the conversion of
functional analysis of these genes by Northern lactate to ethanol. Brain ATP levels and ion
47
homeostasis are protected, but there is little evidence We performed a factorial design experiment crossing
for a reduced neuronal ion permeability as in turtles. the presence of Oreochromis niloticus or Colossoma
Also the release of GABA in the anoxic Carassius macropomum with the presence or absence of
brain is much smaller than in turtles. Consequently, the Cyprinus carpio plus Prochilodus marggravii. Our
brain electrical activity is at least maintained to a objective was to determine the effects of omnivorous
degree which allows continued activity, although some fish on the water quality of experimental ponds in the
senses are temporarily tuned down. As a result, semi-arid Brazilian northeast. The experiment
Carassius is probably able to seek out oxygen rather comprised of 5 triplicate treatments was performed in
than having to wait for it - the only option for turtles. fifteen 120-m2 ponds and lasted for 90 days. Principal
component analysis revealed that fish biomass, mainly
Hypoxia and hypoxia tolerance on coral reefs that of common carp, was responsible for 28% of
Göran E. Nilsson & Sara Östlund-Nilsson overall data variance. Turbidity and chlorophyll-a
Dep of Molecular Biosciences and Biology, University increased with fish biomass, whereas dissolved oxygen
of Oslo, P.O.Box 1041, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway contents decreased.
Göran Nilsson [g.e.nilsson@bio.uio.no]
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral Changes in lipid peroxidation, superoxide
Many would probably regard a tropical coral reef as an dismutase and glutathione peroxidase
unlikely site to encounter fish that are well adapted to activities in plasma and liver of freshwater
hypoxia. However, here we will present data Brycon cephalus exposed to different water
suggesting that hypoxia tolerance is common among pHs
coral reef fishes. For example, the coral dwelling goby Eliane Tie Oba, Fonseca, Débora F.; Silva, Lenise V.
(Gobiodon histrio) at the Lizard Island reef (Great F.; Boijink, Cheila de L.; Almeida, J A.; Rantin, F.T.
Barrier Reef) can maintain its routine rate of oxygen Mestre em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais
uptake down to 18 % of air saturation and tolerates Universidade Federal de São Carlos
hours of even more severe hypoxia. It will even Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas
survive air exposure in its coral home during low tides. obaeli@yahoo.com.br
On coral reefs, hypoxia tolerance may be needed for Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
survival in tide pools and in small coral crevices used Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
as shelter from predators. glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in plasma and liver
of Brycon cephalus were measured after exposure to
Carbon Stable isotope dynamics in different water pH (3.0, 7.0 and 10.0) for 24h. In the
herbivorous loricariid catfishes liver, lipid peroxidation increased in pH 3.0 and 10.0
Hirofumi Nonogaki as compared to pH 7.0 probably due to decreased SOD
Biological Sciences, Towson University, MD, USA and GSH-Px activities. In plasma, SOD and GSH-Px
Hirofumi Nonogaki [hnonog1@towson.edu] decreased with pH and lipid peroxidation was reduced
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral in plasma just at pH 10.0. These results could be
Plant materials have distinct δ13C values that are correlated with the time of pH exposure. This showed
determined by their photosynthetic pathways and an oxidative stress response for maintaining balance
metabolism. The relationship between δ13C in fish of the organism under pH changes.
diets and in otoliths may reveal factors about
Amazonian herbivorous loricariid catfish diets and Growth and hematological changes on Brycon
their life history. This project will determine whether cephalus after continuous exercise training
otolith isotope chemistry can be used to reconstruct the Eliane Tie Oba, Boijink, C de L.; Rantin, F T.
dietary history of loricariid catfish. The δ13C (Otolith) Mestre em Ecolog e Recursos Naturais, Univ Federal
values of Panaque nigrolineatus captured in the field de São Carlos, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas
were consistently lower than those from Hypostomus obaeli@yahoo.com.br
regani captured in nearby. The δ13C(Otolith) values Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
of Hypostomus otoliths from controlled laboratory diet This study analyzed changes that occurred in Brycon
experiments suggested this difference could be from a cephalus kept in continuous exercise training for 60
different dietary history. and 90 days. Changes (p<0.05) on body and carcass
weight, total and standard length, hematocrit,
Principal component analysis of water quality hemoglobin concentration and hematological indices
and omnivorous fish biomass in experimental were observed. Moderate exercise training stimulates
ponds fish appetite. Even swimming itself demands more
Zélia M. Pimentel Nunes, X. Lazzaro and A.C. Peret energy, the mass gained is achieved faster. In addition,
Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário exercised fish showed a reduction in aggressive
de Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro s/n Aldeia behavior permitting better allocation for food
68.600-000 Bragança, PA, Brazil conversion efficiency. Training increased hematocrit
znunes@ufpa.br and hemoglobin concentrations, resulting in better
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster oxygen carrying capacity. This meant that swimming
48
muscles could assimilate nutrients better, and Platichthys flesus partial mRNA for multidrug
consequently, grow faster. resistance associated protein 5 (mrp5 gene).
Effects of copper and lead on tambaqui, Cardiac tissue function of Brycon cephalus
Colossoma macropomum exposed to the organophosphorate pesticide
Christiane Feitosa de Oliveira, Ana Menezes and methyl parathion
Adalberto Val Olle, C.D.; Rantin, F.T.; Kalinin, A.L
Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal
(LEEM) National Institute for Research in the Amazon University of São Carlos Via Washington Luiz, km
(INPA) Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, Brazil 235. 13560-905 – São Carlos, SP, Brazil
CEP 69083-000 Claudio [biluolle@yahoo.com]
chris@inpa.gov.br Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster Environmental contamination by pesticides, including
This study evaluated the toxicity of copper and lead, the presence of chemical residues in aquatic wildlife, is
metals that are present in the formation water derived a widespread ecological problem. Methyl parathion
from crude oil, on Colossoma macropomum (MP), a widely used organophosphorate insecticide, is
(tambaqui). The fishes were exposed to copper and a potent neurotoxic in both vertebrates and
lead and the effects of the sublethal exposure on invertebrates. Earlier studies reported that MP can
respiratory capacity, ion regulation and health of those damage the liver, brain and heart in fishes. In spite of
animals were evaluated. The bioconcentration of those its toxicity, MP is commonly used in aquaculture to
metals in different organs and tissues was determined. prevent fish predators like odonata larvae. The aim of
The species showed oxygen transport and ion the present study was to investigate the effects of MP
regulation disturbances, hepatic damage and nervous on cardiac contractility of matrinxã, Brycon cephalus,
impulse control alterations, confirming it is a species a commercially important neotropical freshwater fish.
sensitive to copper and lead contamination. The twitch force and time-dependent parameters were
analyzed in heart preparations during control
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on conditions and after exposure to 2 ppm of MP.
haematological parameters and weight gain of
tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) Influence of light on daily and seasonal
Oliveira, A. M.; Mendes, F. A.; Menezes, A.C.L. & rhythms of melatonin production in Senegal
Val, A.L sole (Solea senegalensis)
alzira@inpa.gov.br López-Olmeda, J.F.; Bayarri, M.J; Madrid, J.A.;
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J.
The aim of this work was to assess the effect of Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology,
different concentrations of vitamin D on University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
haematological parameters and weight gain of José Fernando López Olmeda [jflopezes@yahoo.es]
tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). The results Symposium: Rhythm Type: Poster
showed that the vitamin D supplementation in the diet Melatonin is produced and secreted by the pineal organ
increased growth and weight gain of tambaqui, and with circadian rhythmicity, showing the highest levels
vitamin D free diet caused disturbances in during the dark phase. The aim of this research was to
haematological parameters and a decrease in growth. study the circadian production of melatonin in the
Senegal sole pineal organ, as well as the possible
Topographical distribution of retinal ganglion existence of seasonal variations. In addition, pineal
cells in the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps sensitivity to light was tested by evaluating the effect
Francisco Gilberto Oliveira of light pulses of different spectrum and intensity on
Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, melatonin production during the dark phase.
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,
bl@ufpe.br Melatonin effects on metabolism and
Symposium: Fitness Type: Poster behavioural rhythms in goldfish
We used a differential display RT-PCR (DD-RT-PCR) López-Olmeda, J.F.; Bayarri, M.J.; Rol de Lama,
protocol to identify genes whose mRNA levels were M.A.; Madrid, J.A.; Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J
altered in response to acute exposure of Colossoma Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology,
macropomum, to crude oil. We examined the University of Murcia,
expression of these genes in liver, brain, gills and 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
muscle, and differentially expressed bands were found. jflopezes@yahoo.es
These bands were excised from the gel and cloned in Symposium: Rhythm Type: Oral
the pGEM-T vector (Promega). After E.coli (DH5-F‟ Melatonin has several functions, the main function
strain) transformation, the plasmid was recovered and being the control of circadian and seasonal rhythms.
sequenced in an automated sequencer. At least one This hormone has also been described to influence on
band was identified and showed a slight similarity with feeding and locomotor rhythms in fish, as well as on
49
glucose homeostasis. In addition, in recent years it has Northern Kuril Islands and southeastern
been described as a potent antioxidant. The aim of this Kamchatka during past decades
research was to evaluate the effect of melatonin Alexei M. Orlov
administration on glucose metabolism in goldfish and Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries &
its ability to act as an antioxidant. Furthermore, Oceanography (VNIRO).
melatonin effects on goldfish behavioural rhythms, 17, V. Krasnoselskaya, Moscow, 107140, Russia.
food intake and locomotor activity, were also Alexei M. Orlov [orlov@vniro.ru]
investigated. Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
Quantitative analysis of multi-annual data on bottom
Adaptation of tropical carnivorous fishes to trawl catch compositions may be useful for
accept formulated dry diets understanding the present state and tendencies of
Eduardo Akifumi Ono; Rodrigo Roubach; Manoel changes which occur in groundfish communities as a
Pereira-Filho; José Eurico Possebon Cyrino result of fishery and environmental impacts. Based on
INPA, CPAQ, Cx. Postal 478, CEP 69083-000, bottom trawl surveys conducted from 1992-98 and
Manaus, AM, Brazil similar published data from 1960-80, changes of rates
onoedu@aol.com and composition of bottom trawl catches in the Pacific
Symposium: Culture Type: Oral waters off the northern Kuril Islands and southeastern
The development of techniques to train and wean Kamchatka were analyzed.
tropical freshwater carnivorous fishes to accept
formulated dry diets has allowed introduction of the Ontogeny of feeding mechanisms and
most valuable freshwater native species into Brazilian nutrition in the matrinxã Brycon cephalus:
aquaculture. Species such as Arapaima gigas, Early changes in the body composition and
Pseudoplatystoma spp., and Cichla spp. can now be substrate sources
raised on commercial fish feeds applying these C. R. Orozco – Zapata
techniques. Also known as feed training, the adaptation Piscicultura Brumado, Universidade de São Paulo
is a simple logical process. The young fish are trained crorozco@educacional.com.br
to feed on natural food (zooplankton, brine shrimp, Symposium: Egg Type: Poster
freeze dried krill, ground fish flesh or egg yolk) for a During early development, fish embryos use lipids,
few days and the natural food is gradually replaced by glycogen and protein as energy sources for
a formulated dry diet. biosynthesis. The sequence of substrate catabolism in
relation to the metabolic demand at each
American intrusion: Range extensions of developmental stage is poorly understood. The fish B.
some groundfish species due to recent cephalus is omnivorous and displays cannibalism at
climatic changes larval stages, suggesting that distinct patterns of
Alexei M. Orlov feeding structure and function have been selected in its
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries & life cycle. The present work focuses on changes in
Oceanography (VNIRO). body composition from egg to the feeding larvae, as an
17, V. Krasnoselskaya, Moscow, 107140, Russia approach to the question of whether the feeding pattern
Alexei M. Orlov [orlov@vniro.ru] correlates with substrate source availability and with
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster metabolic capacities at the corresponding stages.
Evidence of climate regime change, such as the range
extensions of groundfish species, can be used in The role of inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) in
fisheries management. Until recently, only the fish hearts
continental slope of the Bering Sea was considered the Vesa Paajanen and Matti Vornanen
main intrusion route of typical American fish species University of Joensuu, Department of Biology, Finland
(Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, arrowtooth Matti.Vornanen@joensuu.fi
flounder Atheresthes evermanni, and sablefish Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Oral
Anoplopoma fimbria) into Asian waters. A hypothesis We examined the properties of IK1 in ventricular
on the possibility of westward range extension of some myocytes of rainbow trout and crucian carp. It is
Aleutian fishes exists, although it provides no shown that the voltage-dependent block of the channel
suggestion of how far this extension may be. Studies is less in trout than carp myocytes, and that the
conducted during 1992-2002 in the Pacific waters off species-specific differences correlate with the total
the northern Kuril Islands and southeastern polyamine concentration of the heart. In both species,
Kamchatka, generated new data on recent westward the block is relieved at high experimental
range extensions of some representative American temperatures. Thus, the repolarising power of IK1 is
ichthyofauna due to recent climatic changes. larger in trout than carp and increases with increasing
temperature in both species.
Quantitative changes of bottom trawl catch
compositions in the Pacific waters off the Renal function in rainbow trout acutely and
chronically exposed to waterborne Ni
50
Eric Pane related to habitat structure, such as area and depth of
McMaster University pond, canopy cover and pond hydroperiod. No
michanderic@yahoo.com relationships were found between the composition,
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral richness or fish abundance in the ponds or in stretches
Renal function was examined during acute and chronic of streams adjacent to the ponds.
waterborne Ni exposure. Naïve and chronically Ni
acclimated fish were acutely exposed for 96 h to 10 mg Locomotory physiology and gait transition in
Ni/L. Over 96 h, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fell smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)
sharply in both groups of fish with no change in urine following exercise in a swim tunnel
flow rate (UFR). Urine pH fell sharply in naive fish respirometer
consistent with an increase in urinary excretion rate of Steve Peake
titratable acid equivalents and inorganic phosphate. Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick
Renal Mg handling was impacted with elevated Bag Service 4511, Fredericton NB, Canada E3B 6E2
excretion rates in naive fish, suggesting Ni-induced speake@unb.ca
reductions in tubular ion reabsorption. (Supported by Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
NSERC Canada Strategic Grant, NiPERA, CDA, ICA, Gait recruitment and post-exercise physiological
ILZRO, Falconbridge, Noranda, and Cominco). parameters were measured in smallmouth bass (1)
forced to exercise at various speeds in a respirometer,
New purified–diet formulations for nutritional and (2) chased to exhaustion in a static tank. Critical
requirement studies in the tropical fish pacu, swimming speed of respirometer-confined fish was 84
Piaractus mesopotamicus cm/s. Transition from steady to unsteady swimming
Kwan Ha Park began at 40 cm/s and was complete at 70 cm/s. All
Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of physiological parameters measured indicated that
Ocean Science & Technology, Kunsan National swimming speeds that did not result in fatigue were
University, San 68 Miryong-Dong, Kunsan City, supported aerobically. These parameters, in confined
Chonbuk, South Korea fish that fatigued at speeds slightly higher than Ucrit,
khpark@kunsan.ac.kr suggested that anaerobically-derived energy was
Symposium: Culture Type: Oral recruited to support this activity. However, these fish
We examined the importance of protein sources and showed a reduced anaerobic signature relative to
supplementation of indispensable amino acids or a chased individuals, suggesting that swimming failure
vitamin in juveniles. Weight gains tended to be may not have resulted from muscular fatigue.
compromised when fed a gluten-casein-based low-
arginine diet. Arginine supplementation either in free What is critical swimming speed?
or di-peptide form improved growth, thus Steve Peake
demonstrating that arginine is efficiently utilized in Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick
either form. Vitamin C-lacking casein-gelatin based Bag Service 4511, Fredericton NB, Canada E3B 6E2
diets led to a significant decline in liver vitamin C. The speake@unb.ca
decline was partially mitigated by addition of the anti- Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
oxidant α-lipoic acid. This observation indicates that For many years, critical swimming speed has been
α–lipoic acid exerts a vitamin C sparing effect. These measured in an effort to (1) determine maximum
experiments achieve a goal of standard diet sustained speed, (2) study exercise physiology, (3)
formulation for pacu. identify sub-lethal effects of various stressors, and (4)
establish water velocity criteria in culverts and
Fish assemblages in temporary ponds fishways. However, the suitability of the critical speed
adjacent to "terra-firme" streams, central protocol to provide this information has rarely been
Amazonia questioned or evaluated, and the exact nature of critical
Victor Pazin speed and its ecological relevance has yet to be
CPEC/CPBA, Caixa Postal 478, INPA- Instituto established. Data presented will be used to develop a
Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69083-970, hypothesis that suggests that critical speed in
Manaus, AM, Brazil respirometer-confined fish may actually be little more
victor@inpa.gov.br than a poor estimate of gait transition speed, and
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster ultimately dependent on fish behaviour and motivation.
The effect of habitat structural factors and physical-
chemical characteristics of the water on the Investigation into the Differences in Nitrogen
composition and richness of fish assemblages in Metabolism between Rainbow Trout and
temporary ponds near streams were examined in a Atlantic Salmon of Different Sizes/Ages
forest reserve, central Amazonia. The fish assemblages Luis O. Peña-Ortega and Dominique P. Bureau
were nested and composed of subgroups of 18 small Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of
species, widely distributed in the reserve. The structure Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph,
of fish assemblages was influenced by local factors Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
51
Luis Pena [lpena@uoguelph.ca]
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral Stress protein responses in diploid and
Previous studies have highlighted significant triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
differences between rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon Saranyan Pillai
in terms of digestible nitrogen retention efficiency Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick
(NRE, N gain / digestible N intake). Rainbow trout Bag Service # 45111, Fredericton, Canada E3B 6E1
has generally a much lower NRE than Atlantic salmon. Saranyan PV [u0xa4@unb.ca]
A reduction in NRE was also observed in both species Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
as fish grew in size/age. In order to understand the In order to study the relative stress tolerance and
mechanisms involved in these differences in NRE, a recovery abilities of diploid and triploid Atlantic
16-week growth trial was conducted using rainbow salmon, a series of experiments was conducted and
trout (40 and 382g initial weight) and Atlantic salmon HSP70 levels assessed in Atlantic salmon erythrocytes.
(2.5 and 270g initial weight). The effect of different Groups of fish of both ploidies of same lineage, and
planes of nutrition was also examined. Growth, age and similar size were exposed to common
nutrient utilization, and activity of key amino acid proteotoxic stressors. Fish of both ploidies were
catabolising enzymes were determined. removed at specific time points and small volumes of
blood collected. Western blots were performed and
Hydration and allosteric effect in regulates quantified by optical density and HSP70 levels at
oxygen binding in catfish (Hoplosternum various time points compared. The results are
littorale) hemoglobins compared and discussed in light of available
Patricia Peres, W.F. de Azevedo Jr and G.O. Bonilla- information on triploid performance and the major
Rodriguez aspect differentiating the two ploidies at the unit cell
Department of Physics, UNESP, R. Cristovão level – cell size.
Colombo, 2265 São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000,
Brazil
bonilla@qca.ibilce.unesp.br How big and different is the GH-Intron 3 of
Symposium: Molecular Type: Poster Amazonian fish species?
The anodic Hb from H. littorale binds 58 extra water Porto, J.I.R. & Assunção, A.A.A
molecules (w.m.) in the transition T -> R in the INPA, Lab. Biologia Molecular, Manaus, AM, Brazil
stripped form, increasing to 68 in the presence of ATP. jirporto@inpa.gov.br
Chloride induces a larger conformational change, Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
resulting in 116 w.m. The combined effect of ATP As part of an effort to develop molecular markers for
and chloride decreased the transition, dropping to 28 amazonian fishes, a set of primers designed to amplify
w.m. For the cathodic Hb we found a similar pattern, a fragment of growth hormone (exon 3, intron 3, and
although obtained different values. The ratio ATP:Hb exon 4) of characin fishes was obtained. For related
(tetramer) is 1:1 and the binding constants KD and KO groups, the uncoding plus coding sequences were
for both hemoglobins, showed a stronger binding for succesfully aligned and the size of fragment varied
the cathodic Hb. Financial support: FAPESP. from 300-600 bp. Despite the intron being considered a
neutral marker, there is not much divergence. We will
Effects of pressure on eel physiology : How discuss the evolution of GH-intron 3 on selected
are eels pre-adapted to migrate at depth ? groups of Amazonian fish species and analyse the
Sebert Philippe, Vettier Aurélie and Pequeux André usefulness of this molecular marker on intra- and inter-
Unité Haute Pression et Métabolisme- Faculté de species analysis.
Médecine- 22, avenue C. Desmoulins- CS 93837-
29238 Brest Cedex- France Characterization and analysis of expressed
Philippe.Sebert@univ-brest.fr tags (EST) from brain of Colossoma
Symposium: DeepSea Type: Oral macropomum cDNA library
During their life cycle, European eels undergo a Jorge I.R. Porto
migration that requires swimming at depth and without INPA/CPBA, Cx. Postal 478,
feeding for 6000km: this corresponds to a high muscle Manaus, AM, 69011-970, Brazil
energy demand. These shallow-water fishes exhibit a Jorge Porto [jirporto@inpa.gov.br]
particular resistance to pressure effects in terms of Symposium: Molecular Type: Poster
energy production. In fact, at the yellow state, muscle Our participation in the Brazilian National Genome
mitochondrial respiration has an over-capacity Research Consortium led us to develop competence in
allowing to cope with the deleterious effects of the field of genomics. Taking into account the
pressure. After metamorphosis from yellow to silver knowledge acquired, we constructed a mixed cDNA
state, energy metabolism appears to be optimized by library of hypophysis and brain of an Amazonian fish
pressure exposure, mainly by increasing efficiency of species, in order to analyse their expressed sequence
oxidative phosphorylation and perhaps by decreasing tags (EST). The tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)
electron and/or proton leaks. was chosen as a model and the cDNA library led us to
52
obtain sequences that coresponded with teleost fishes, Brazilian coast. Restriction fragment length
mainly the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio. The results polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of D-loop region
obtained have opened up unprecedented perspectives revealed five composite haplotypes. The common mt
and could have many implications for the development DNA haplotype occurred in the majority of fish in all
of biotechnological strategies in the Amazon. samples, except in the northern sample. Analysis of
molecular variance indicated regional population
Hematological evaluation of jundiá (Rhamdia structure. Fst values suggested significant differences
quelen) as affected by different protein level and restricted gene flow between northern and
diets southern localities. These findings are consistent with
Juvencio Luis Osório Fernandes Pouey 1) a single stock of M. furnieri along the south-
Pelotas Federal University - Post 354 – southeastern Brazilian coast and 2) separate, weakly
UFPel/FAEM/DZ – 96010-970 Pelotas, R, Brazil differentiated stocks in the southern and northern
Juvencio Luis Osório Fernandes Pouey coasts.
[juvencio@ufpel.tche.br]
Symposium: Culture Type: Oral Best managment practices (BMPs) for fish
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of culture in the Amazon region
diet with different protein levels on hematological Julio Ferraz de Queiroz and Claude E. Boyd
parameters of jundiá. Ninety (90) fish were used with Embrapa Meio Ambiente - Rodovia SP 340 km 127,5
an average standard length of 20.011.28cm, Caixa Postal 69 CEP: 13820-000 Jaguariúna, SP
distributed in three 1,000L tanks, containing three jqueiroz@cnpma.embrapa.br
baskets each, with three levels of crude protein (30, 40 Symposium: Culture Type: Oral
and 50%). Animals were sampled every two weeks The most suitable approach to mitigate environmental
during 45 days. After anesthetization, blood was impacts of fish pond effluents is the adoption of Best
collected through caudal puncture using needle and Management Practices (BMPs). An example of the
syringe containing EDTA at 10%. Proteic level of diet process which should be followed in formulating
influences erythrocyte parameters, especially the total BMPs is provided by channel catfish culture in
number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin rate and Alabama, USA. An environmental assessment was
hematocrit. The level of 50% CP showed the best conducted to determine the negative environmental
stimulation of erythropoiesis. impacts of catfish farming. An environmental audit of
selected farms was made to determine the types of
Role of the branchial NKCC in the transition BMPs needed to prevent the impacts. This presentation
between hypo- and hyper-regulation in the suggests a similar strategy that could be used by fish
estuarine pufferfishes Sphoeroides farmers in the Amazon region to develop BMPs to
testudineus and S. greeleyi prevent negative environmental impacts.
Prodocimo, V. and Freire, C.A.
Departamento de Fisiologia, UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Does social rank affect melanophore
81531-990, Brazil. responsivity to MCH in Nile tilapia?
vprodocimo [vprodocimo@bol.com.br] Guilherme Corrêa Ramanzini
Symposium: Ions Type: Poster Departamento de Fisiologia Geral – Instituto de
The estuarine pufferfishes of the genus Sphoeroides Biociências - Universidade de São Paulo
are common along the coast of Brazil, with S. greeleyi guicram@usp.br
occurring in areas of higher salinity than S. Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
testudineus. The role of NKCC has been investigated We investigated the effect of social rank on MCH
in both species. Furosemide (inhibitor) injection response in melanophores of Nile Tilapia. Dose-
affected plasma osmolality and chloride, hematocrit response curves to MCH were determined in the
and muscle water content. Immunocytochemistry melanophores from fish previously hierarchized.
revealed an effect of salinity on the presence of EC50s were calculated and compared. The
NKCC. Results are compatible with the role of NKCC melanophores of the subordinate fish were more
on the secretion of NaCl in hypo- and cell volume sensitive to MCH than in the dominants, with EC50s
regulation in hyper-regulation. of 3.88 x 10-12 M and 8.00 x 10-11 M, respectively.
Probably the dominant fish (paler body) is under a
Mitochondrial DNA population structure in chronic effect of MCH and could be dessensitized to
whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) this hormone; an opposite effect may occur in the
along the Atlantic coast of Brazil subordinates.
Puchnick, Angela
Angela Puchnick [apuchnick@yahoo.com] Effects of hypoxia on reproduction in fish
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster Dave Randall and Huiping Yang
Variation in mitochondrial (mt) DNA was examined Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong
among 169 whitemouth croakers (Micropogonias Kong, China,
furnieri) from eight geographic sites along the David Randall [BHRAND@cityu.edu.hk]
53
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral Diet and feeding strategy of fishes in a Ruppia
Hypoxia has been shown to affect egg production and maritima meadow, in the Patos lagoon
food intake in carp and zebrafish. Starvation and - estuary, Brazil
naphthoflavone (NF) reduce egg production in Marcelo B. Raseira
zebrafish. Thus the inhibition of reproduction during Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
hypoxia could be a direct effect of hypoxia or an Seagrass beds are very important habitats but there is a
indirect effect caused by reduced food intake; most lack of information on the role that these environments
likely both play a role. NF causes an increase in play as nursery grounds for juvenile fishes in the Patos
EROD activity in the liver. Hypoxia also increases Lagoon estuary. The present study aims to contribute
EROD activity in zebrafish and augments the EROD to the understanding of the feeding habits and
response due to NF. Hypoxia and NF could be strategies of fish that use these Ruppia maritima
inhibiting hypoxia through similar pathways, perhaps meadows. This paper describes and analyzes the
involving the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear relative abundance and feeding habits of ichthyofauna
Translocator (ARNT). in an R. maritima meadow of the Patos Lagoon
estuary, Brazil. The studied species seem to have
Responses to hypoxia and starvation in fish generalist-opportunist feeding habits with different
Dave Randall, W.L. Poon, C. Y. Hung and B.S. Zhou strategies and have, in general, a wide feeding
Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong spectrum.
Kong, China,
David Randall [BHRAND@cityu.edu.hk] Elements of oxygen-regulated gene
Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral expression in the killifish, Fundulus
Carp are both hypoxia and starvation tolerant. Hypoxia Bernard Rees
is associated with a decrease in food intake, as well as Department of Biological Sciences, University of New
an inhibition of reproduction. Metabolism is reduced Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148
during hypoxia and starvation. Patterns of gene Bernard B Rees [brees@uno.edu]
expression, however, are not similar. There is a Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral
reduction in the expression of genes associated with Low oxygen is a prominent feature of many aquatic
protein metabolism in both cases, but genes associated habitats, and fish respond to hypoxia with a variety of
with anaerobic metabolism are up-regulated during anatomical, behavioral, and physiological adjustments.
hypoxia but down regulated during starvation. There is One potential adjustment to hypoxia is compensatory
no up-regulation of genes associated with hypoxia changes in gene expression. In mammals, this
inducing factor 1 (HIF-1) during starvation. phenomenon is mediated largely by the hypoxia-
inducible factor (HIF), a heterodimeric transcription
O2 chemoreceptors involved on the control of factor that binds to hypoxia response elements (HRE)
air-breathing and aquatic surface respiration of a variety of target genes to increase their expression
in Neotrpical fish during hypoxia. This presentation will provide
Francisco Tadeu Rantin evidence for multiple HIF homologs in the killifish
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Fundulus and/or describe the functional
Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Zoofisiologia e characterization of an HRE in a putative hypoxia-
Bioquímica Comparativa, Via Washington Luiz, km responsive gene, liver lactate dehydrogenase.
235 - Caixa Postal 676 13565-905 São Carlos, SP,
Brazil Changes caused by the construction of
ftrantin@power.ufscar.br Tucuruí Hydroelectric dam in biological
Symposium: Respiration Type: Oral parameters of pescada, Plagioscion
The O2 chemoreceptors involved in the control of squamosissimus
respiratory function, air-breathing in jeju, Hemily Valeruz Rego
Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, and aquatic surface Marco Rego [marco@amazonware.com]
respiration in tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, in Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
response to hypoxia were analyzed. In jeju, Length, weight, sex and gonadal maturation stage data
denervation of the cranial nerve IX and the pretrematic was collected before and after the dam closure in
branch of cranial nerve X serving the first gill arch did Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil. It was revealed that this
not abolish air-breathing in jeju. This response, sedentary species became abundant in the newly
however, was completely eliminated after branchial created lake, despite the possible lack of oxygen
denervation. The control of air-breathing in jeju related to vegetation decomposition at the bottom.
involves O2 chemoreceptors distributed on all the gill Contradictory to expectations for Plagioscion
arches. In tambaqui, complete denervation of the gills sqamosissimus, the population increased in the
did not afect ASR, which was abolished after artificial lake possibly due to improved food conditions
sectioning the cranial nerve V. available to this benthic consumer. Evidence of
reproduction was observed in the lake with possible
utilization of marginal areas for this purpose.
54
applicable for the understanding of fish biology and
Respiratory responses to hypercapnia in fish production in the Pantanal. Flood pulse controls
tambaqui symposia the reproduction of migratory and non-migratory
Stephen Reid fishes, the food and feeding of fishes, physiological
Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of adaptations to survival in the poor oxygenated
Toronto, Scarborough environments, etc.
Stephen Reid [sgreid@utsc.utoronto.ca]
Symposium: Respiration Type: Oral Metabolic acclimation to hypoxia in Fundulus
Recent work on a number of fish species (temperate heteroclitus
and neotropical) has provided compelling evidence Jeff G. Richards
that hypercapnia (elevated PwCO2 levels) triggers an Department of Zoology, The University of British
increase in breathing independent of changes in blood Columbia, 6270 University Blvd.
oxygen content induced by Bohr and Root effects. This Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
talk will examine some of the recent data on the jrichard@zoology.ubc.ca
hypercapnic ventilatory response in the tambaqui, Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral
Colossoma macroponum. It will focus on Environmental hypoxia has profound effects on
chemoreceptor driven respiratory reflexes and changes pathways involved in ATP production and utilization.
in breathing pattern formation that accompany During exposure to severe hypoxia, metabolic rate is
hypercapnic challenges. suppressed and there is a shift in energy production
from aerobic metabolism to “anaerobic” metabolism.
Changes in gene expression in response to Recent work on the hypoxia tolerant killifish,
anoxic preconditioning Fundulus heteroclitus, suggests that this shift from
Gillian Renshaw aerobic to “anaerobic” metabolism is regulated by the
Heart Foundation Research Centre. Griffith University. activation state of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH),
PMB50 Gold Coast Mail Centre. Queensland, which in turn is regulated by the activation state and
Australia. transcription of a PDH-specific kinase (PDK). PDK
Gillian Renshaw [g.renshaw@griffith.edu.au] inhibits PDH resulting in decreases in mitochondrial
Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral carbohydrate oxidation and lower oxygen demands.
While most vertebrates are unable to withstand
prolonged exposure to diminished oxygen, a few Evaluation of walleye Sander vitreus egg
species of fish have adapted to survive periods of quality from different Lake Erie spawning
hypoxia or anoxia. They rapidly and reversibly stocks
reprogram their metabolism to turn down their ATP J. Rinchard, K. Dabrowski, J.J. Van Tassell, E.A
consumption and produce molecular chaperones in Marshall, and R.A. Stein
order to prolong survival. In order to probe the identity School of Natural Resources and Aquat Ecol Lab, The
of genes responsible for successfully switching to this Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
“protected phenotype” we have used exposure to a Jacques Rinchard [rinchard.1@osu.edu]
sub-lethal episode of anoxia (anoxic preconditioning) Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
to elicit changes in gene expression in heart, liver and The objective of the study was to compare the walleye
skeletal muscle samples from hypoxia and anoxia egg quality from different Lake Erie spawning stocks.
tolerant epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum). Egg lipid content and their fatty acid composition as
well as fertilization rates were used as criteria to
The flood pulse concept and its relation to fish evaluate egg quality. Correlations between
biology in the Pantanal biochemical indicators (e.g., egg total lipid, neutral and
Emiko Kawakami de Resende phospholipids, and fatty acid compositions) and female
Rua 21 de Setembro, 1880 C.P. 109 size, egg size, and survival of embryos will be
79320-900 Corumbá , MS, Pantanal, Brazil presented. The findings of this study will benefit
chgeral@cpap.embrapa.br fisheries managers to improve the walleye recreational
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral fishery in Lake Erie.
The challenge to develop sustainable use of the
Pantanal means we need to understand the major Feeding aspects of Potamotrygon orbignyi in
ecological processes that allow the Pantanal to the Tocantins River
function. The flood pulse concept theorized by Junk et Getulio Rincon and Miguel Petrere Jr.
al., (1989) states “the principal driving force Programa de Monitoramento da Pesca, Ornamental de
responsible for the existence, productivity and Raias de Água Doce no Pará-Brasil
interactions of the major biota in river-floodplain zazan143@terra.com.br
systems is the flood pulse”; “a predictable pulse of Symposium: Elasmobranchs Type: Oral
long duration engenders organismic adaptations and The smooth back river stingray, Potamotrygon
strategies that efficiently utilize attributes of the orbignyi, presents a wide geographic distribution along
aquatic/terrestrial transition zone.” This concept is the Amazon river and some of its tributaries. In order
55
to identify the trophic relationships of this species and Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of
possible vulnerabilities to natural degradation of the Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku,
freshawater environment, thirty six (36) stomach Finland
contents were analyzed and the Index of Relative Eeva Rissanen [eevris@utu.fi]
Importance-IRI was calculated for each identified prey Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral
item. The preliminary results indicate that P. orbignyi We studied the expression of hypoxia inducible
feeds mainly on larval forms of insects in the following transcription factor-1 (HIF-1) in crucian carp at
order of importance: ephemeroptera, diptera, three acclimation temperatures. Our results suggest
trichoptera and odonata that HIF-1 has a role in temperature acclimation, at
least in cold acclimation, in eurythermal crucian carp.
Freshwater stingrays of the Tocantins River This supports the view presented in a recent study of
Getulio Rincon and Miguel Petrere Jr. Treinin et al. (2003) in C.elegans that HIF-1 is not
Programa de Monitoramento da Pesca, Ornamental de activated specifically, only in response to low oxygen
Raias de Água Doce no Pará, Brazil but has also an evolutionarily conserved function in
zazan143@terra.com.br temperature acclimation. In further studies, we will
Symposium: Elasmobranchs Type: Poster examine whether HSP-90 is involved in temperature
The Araguaia-Tocantins system is composed of two regulation of crucian carp HIF-1 and carry out
major afluents, the Tocantins river and the Araguaia experiments at temperatures above the optimum for
river. Although faunal differences of teleost fishes are crucian carp.
well described, freshwater stingrays are poorly
recorded. In order to identify variations and Environmental forcing of the feeding
distributions on the species composition in this river performance of larval Atlantic cod (Gadus
system, five samplings were performed from 2000- morhua) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence,
2003. The results indicate a higher species diversity at Canada.
the lower Tocantins and upper Araguaia rivers, while a Dominique Robert
lower diversity was recorded at the upper Tocantins Québec-Océan, Biology Department, Laval University,
river with only three species. Species recorded were: Québec (QC), Canada
P. motoro, P. orbignyi, P. scobina, P. henlei. dominique.robert@giroq.ulaval.ca
Potamotrygon sp. and Paratrygon aiereba. Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
We tested the hypothesis that the feeding performance
Oxygen-regulated energetics and gene of cod larvae sampled in the southern Gulf of St.
expression in trout hepatocytes Lawrence (Eastern Canada) was linked to prey density
Eeva Rissanen, H Numminen and Mikko Nikinmaa and temperature. Prey availability varied greatly over
Laboratory of Animal Physiology Department of the sampling season, but seldom limited the feeding
Biology, University of Turku performance of larvae. Temperature was the main
FIN-20014 Turku, Finland determinant of feeding performance over the length
Eeva Rissanen [eevris@utu.fi] interval studied (3-20 mm). A dome-shaped function
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Poster centred on 14ºC explained up to 71% of the total
We have studied oxygen dependence of metabolic rate, variance in feeding performance. Our results suggest
HIF-1 expression and expression of enzymes of that by affecting larval feeding success and, eventually,
energy metabolism in rainbow trout hepatocytes. The growth, sub-optimal temperatures could affect
metabolic rate of the hepatocytes was directly related recruitment and explain in part the observed lack of
to oxygen tension in the whole oxygen tension range recovery of Atlantic cod stocks in the Gulf of St.
studied, 1-20 kPa. Our results suggest that at high Lawrence.
oxygen tension range (2-20 kPa), observed oxygen
conformance in these cells is achieved partly by down- The fish and fishermen from Encantada Lake
regulation of protein synthesis through decreased (Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil).
mRNA amounts. Thus, at high oxygen tensions protein Gecely Rocha, Schiavetti, A. and Melo, V.G.V
synthesis appears to be down-regulated at mRNA-level gecely@uesc.br
in contrast to severe oxygen deprivation where Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
inhibition of translation initiation occurs. Oxygen The Almada River basin has a drainage area of 1.545
tensions 1-2 kPa appear to be a threshold for hypoxia- km2. Its main water course is the Almada river with an
inducible gene expression and down-regulation of extension of 138 km. Encantada lake is formed by a
protein synthesis at translational level in trout depression in the basin of the Almada river. The
hepatocytes. objectives of the study were to identify fish species in
the lake, determine traditional knowledge about the
Temperature-dependent expression of crucian local ichthyofauna and its use by fishermen. Interviews
carp HIF-1 and observations of food habits and food taboos were
Eeva Rissanen, H Numminen and M Nikinmaa made. Species diversity measures were based on the
proportional abundance of species. The Shannon
56
information function (H‟), the richness (d) and the The combined effect of phosphate binding to
eveness (J‟) indices were calculated. two sites and proton locking of the major
hemoglobin of Brycon cephalus (Matrinxã) in
Effects of acclimation period to different a T-state
salinities on the bioenergetic budget of Gustavo O. Bonilla-Rodriguez and Cecília D Poy
juveniles of Centropomus parallelus (Poey) Laboratory of protein biochemistry (associated to the
Arthur José da Silva Rocha Aquaculture Center, CAUNESP), Department of
Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE-
arrocha@usp.br UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
Symposium: Fitness Type: Poster bonilla@qca.ibilce.unesp.br
The bioenergetic budget regarding the time of Symposium: Molecular Type: Poster
acclimation to different salinities was established for The major hemoglobin of B. cephalus exhibits a fast
juveniles of Centropomus parallelus. The energy of partial deoxygenation even in the presence of oxygen,
food consumed (C), feaces expelled (F), routine that is induced by phosphate binding at a pH below
metabolic heat (Rr) and energy assimilated as mass 7.0. Accordingly, saturation decreases around 50% at
production (P), were determined for a group of fishes pH 6.5, having an estimated P50 around 130mmHg.
acclimated for 15 and 30 days to 5‰, 20‰ and 30‰ The variation of logP50 with increasing ATP
salinities. concentration displayed a bell-shaped curve, reaching a
maximum at a phosphate concentration of 5mM. The
Ultrastructure of the adrenal chromaffin and T-R transition was evaluated at the UV range using
interrenal cells in Brycon cephalus fish after IHP, and phosphate binding to the oxygenated form
short term stress was also demonstrated by gel filtration experiments.
Rocha, RM, Silva, LR.; Ferreira, MAP; Leme-dos- Support FAPESP (00/04932-5 & 03/00085-4) and
Santos, HS; Vicentini, CA; Nakaghi, LO and Boleli, I CNPq.
UFPA/CCB/ Depto. Histologia e Embriologia Belém,
PA 66075-900 Life histories and genetic structure of
rmrocha@ufpa.br Colossoma macropomum in the Bolivian
Symposium: Stress Type: Poster Amazon
The aim of the present investigation was to Jesús Nuñez Rodriguez et al.
characterize the ultrastructure of the chromaffin and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement- IBM y
interrenal tissue of Brycon cephalus after capture and B, UR 081, Universidad Mayor San Andrés, CP 9214,
crowding stress. After short term stress exposure, the La Paz, Bolivia
chromaffin cells presented depletion of citoplasmatic nunez@ird.fr
vesicles and interrenal cells showed mitochondria and Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
smooth endoplasmic reticulum proliferation, and an Colossoma macropomum (Pacú) in Bolivia, is one of
increased number of lysosomes. Our results suggested the most exploited species in the entire Amazon region
that the conditions to which the fishes were submitted and in Bolivian rivers. One of the main interests of our
were highly stressful. Supported by: CAUNESP and study is the comparison of life history traits between
UFPA. different environments (clear or dark waters) and
different fishing pressure. Life histories and genetic
Composition and diary variation of fish studies showed that C. macropomum populations were
assemblages in a lagoon, Pantanal, Brazil structured in the Bolivian Amazon. Nevertheless the
Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues relative influence of genetic characteristics and
INPA, Manaus, Brazil environmental factors on the variations in life history
poxo@inpa.gov.br traits cannot be completely outlined in this study and
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Poster require further work in order to understand population
The composition and daily variation in fish structure mechanisms.
assemblages were studied during the dry season of a
Pantanal lagoon. 9 sites were sampled (three with Oxygen as a constraining factor in egg size
aquatic macrofit and six without macrofit), four times evolution: is bigger better?
per day (6:00 h, 12:00h, 18:00 and 24:00h). Influence Peter Rombough
of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and depth in the Department of Zoology, Brandon University
spatial distribution and daily variation of species were Brandon MB Canada R7A 6A9
evaluated. The fish distribution was not influenced by rombough@BrandonU.CA
temperature and oxygen of the water, but these Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
variables were important to the daily variation. The Low oxygen levels have been implicated as playing an
composition was not related to day period or site and important role in egg size evolution in fish that lay
showed a significant movement of species between demersal eggs. This paper examines the effect of egg
periods and sites. size on the aerobic metabolism of developing chinook
salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed to graded
57
hypoxia. Embryos and larvae from bigger eggs had Benny Ron [ronbenny@agri.huji.ac.il]
significantly higher routine metabolic rates (rMO2) Symposium: Rhythm Type: Oral
than those from smaller eggs at all stages of In-vitro experiments revealed that pineal sbAANAT2
development. Egg size, however, had no significant activity decreased in response to light exposure. On the
effect on either Pc (the PO2 at which O2 becomes other hand retinal sbAANAT2 activity increased in
limiting) or P50 (the PO2 where MO2 = ½ rMO2) response to light exposure of cultured retinas.
suggesting that, contrary to recent assertions, hypoxia Increased activity of retinal sbAANAT1 activity in
plays no role in egg size evolution. response to light exposure occurred also in -vivo.
These results led us to hypothesize that sbAANAAT1
The influence of the pineal organ and is not being controlled by the well-known proteasomal-
melatonin on the reproductive system and of proteolysis mechanism and might play an important
light intensity and wavelength on melatonin in role in the rapid adjustment of the retina to the
the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) appearance of light. Differences between photic-
Benny Ron and Alon Naor regulation of sbAANAT-2 in-vivo vs. in-vitro
National Center for Mariculture, Israel Ocean and suggesting an interaction between the retina and the
Limno Research P.O.B. 1212, Eilat 88112, Israel pineal gland in fish.
Benny Ron [ronbenny@agri.huji.ac.il]
Symposium: Rhythm Type: Oral Indications to melatonin receptors in the brain
Effects of full-spectrum white and monochromatic and pituitary of gilthead seabream (Sparus
light (at various wavelengths) on pineal (in vitro ) and aurata)
plasma (in vivo ) melatonin were investigated in Benny Ron, Pascaline Gaildrat and Jack Falcón
seabream. The potency of the tested lights to suppress National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanog and
melatonin levels in the plasma were ranked in the Limnol Research, P.O.B. 1212, Eilat 88112, Israel
following order: white >green >blue >red. On the other Benny Ron [ronbenny@agri.huji.ac.il]
hand, light suppression of melatonin levels in the Symposium: Rhythm Type: Oral
pineal organ ranked: white >blue >green >red. The We found that 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binds
results demonstrate that the suppression of melatonin specifically to brains and pituitaries from gilthead
by light depends on the wavelength of the light and the seabream. The autoradiography indicated that the
circadian phase. In addition, male maturation in binding was restricted to a part of the brains and
pinealectomized fish was delayed almost three weeks. pituitaries. In addition, we have examined the binding
of 2-[125I]iodomelatonin to whole brain membrane
Development of the pineal melatonin- preparations from gilthead seabream subjected to
generating system in the gilthead seabream altered photoperiodic setting. We suggest that fish
(Sparus aurata) photo-dependent outcome of melatonin consequence
Benny Ron, Galit Lisaey and Yoav Gothilf from the circadian diversity, coupled by its release
National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic from the pineal and binding sites in the brain and
and Limnological Research pituitaries.
P.O.B. 1212, Eilat 88112, Israel
Benny Ron [ronbenny@agri.huji.ac.il] Problems in the identification of Sebastes
Symposium: Rhythm Type: Poster larvae collected off Baja California
We showed that seabream arylalkylamine-N- Patricia A. Jiménez-Rosenberg, R Saldierna-Martínez
acetyltransferase (sbAANAT-1) is expressed only in and E González-Navarro
the retina and sbAANAT-2 is expressed only in the IPN-CICIMAR, COFAA/EDI
pineal gland. We then ascertain that the sb AANAT-2 Ave. IPN s/n, CP 23000, La Paz BCS, México
mRNA is an effective marker for developmental adelheid1969@yahoo.com
studies of pineal and retinal photoreceptor. The Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
melatonin generating system is functional immediately Fish larvae identification is an unfinished task for
following hatching of the seabream larva. There is a many fish species in coastal waters of Baja California.
significant difference between the time of before and Approximately 80 species of scorpion and rockfishes
after hatching in the expression of the gene, enzyme (scorpaenidae) have been registered in the area.
activity and melatonin production. There is a Taxonomic identification of these larvae has been
possibility that the rhythms of the sbAANATs' difficult mostly due the high number of species. Nine
expression are in different phases. morph types of Sebastes larvae have been identified
from collections made off the coast of Baja California.
Differential regulation of two arylalkylamine-n- Sebastes morphotypes are shown, grouped according
acetyltransferase in the gilthead seabream to their pigment patterns and a “possible species”
(Sparus aurata) classification is provided according to previous
Benny Ron, N Segev, B Zilberman-Peled, Y Gothilf taxonomic designations of the area.
National Center for Mariculture, Israel Ocean and
Limno Research P.O.B. 1212, Eilat 88112, Israel
58
Cytotoxicity of Stryphodendrum adstringens, Twelve fish per injected and non-injected groups were
Stryphodendrum poliphylium and Eugenia kept in deionized water or water control. Blood
dysenterica extracts evaluated in the guppies samples were taken via a polyethylene tube inserted
(Poecilia vivipara) into the ventral vessel. Plasma cortisol increased at 24h
Simone M. T. de SABÓIA-MORAIS and decreased at 48h in deionized water. Cortisol
Celular Behavior Laboratory, Department of levels also increased at 28h in cortisol-injected fishes.
Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal No change in osmolality and plasma Na+ and K+ were
University of Goiás, Brazil 74001-970 observed.
saboias [saboias@terra.com.br]
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster Selenium and vitamin E on growth
It has been suggested that extracts of S. adstringens, S. performance and physiological parameters of
poliphylium and Eugenia dysenterica, can be used to Nile tilapia
control the vector snails of schistosomiasis. In this Sampaio, F.G., Pezzato, L. E., Barros, M. M.,
study, guppies were used to evaluate the effects of Kleemann, G.K., Falcon, D.R. and Hisano, H.
these plant extracts (20-60ppm) in the aquatic Mestre em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais
environment. The fish showed increased lipid droplets Universidade Federal de São Carlos
in the hepatocytes, damage to the junctional complex Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas
of intestine epithelia, swollen blood vessels in the gills obaeli@yahoo.com.br
and death within 2h of exposure. The bioactive Symposium: Culture Type: Poster
substances contained in these plants are highly toxic Three levels of vitamin E (100.0; 200.0; 400.0 mg/kg),
with acute effects on aquatic organisms and their 2 levels of selenium (0.50; 1.00 mg/kg), and 2
release into to the water should be carefully controlled. additional treatments, (absence and 50.0 mg of vitamin
E/kg with 0.25 mg of selenium/kg diet (requirement))
Cytochemical and biochemical detection of were tested, over a period of 100 days. Weight gain,
glycoconjugates in mucous cells of eurihaline feed conversion and hematological parameters were
fish (Poecilia vivipara) gills submitted to not affected; levels greater than the established
salinity changes requirement decreased survive rate; the availability and
Simone M. T. de SABÓIA-MORAIS concentration of selenium in the liver were responsive
Federal University of Goiás Sciences Biological to this mineral in the diet; 0.50 mg vitamin E/kg
Institute Department of Morphology Behavior Celular interfered with the availability of selenium; the vitamin
Laboratory ICB IV C.P. 131 - Campus Samambaia E interfered with the concentration of selenium in the
74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil liver and filet.
saboias [saboias@terra.com.br]
Symposium: Ions Type: Poster Effect of chronic aquatic hypercarbia in the
A panel of 12 lectins was used to evaluate the behavior South American lungfish, Lepidosiren
of gill mucous cells of eurihaline fish under stress paradoxa: Pulmonary ventilation and blood
induced by variations in salinity concentrations (0 - acid-base regulation
20ppm and 20 - 0ppm). The lectins distinguished 4 A.P. Sanchez, J. Amin-Naves, H. Giusti, S. F. Perry,
subtypes of mucous cells according to their M.L. Glass
glycoconjugate contents, which showed qualitative and Departamento de Fisiologia, FMRP/USP, Ribeirão
quantitative changes either by increasing or decreasing Preto, SP, Brazil
the salinity concentratios. The quick response of mlglass@rfi.fmrp.usp.br
mucous cells to turn-on and off their set of Symposium: Lungfish Type: Oral
glycoconjugate secretions could be one of the Lepidosiren expired half of total CO2 output through
mechanisms related to the adaptive capability of the lung, the other half was expelled to the water.
eurihaline fish and the lectin cytochemistry method is a Pulmonary ventilation and blood acid-base status were
useful monitor. measured in normocarbia, after which aquatic
hypercarbia (7%CO2 ~ 49 mmHg) was applied for 48
The Stress Response of the Fresh Water Fish h. After 6 h of exposure, ventilation reached a peak
Traíra (Hoplias malabaricus) to Deionized and was sufficient to prevent PaCO2 from reaching the
Water and Cortisol Injection level in water. Arterial pH was, however, not
Sakuragui, M.M., Fernandes, M.N. compensated by active increases of bicarbonate levels.
Universidade Federal de São Carlos This closely resembles regulatory patterns of some
Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas urodeles but is distinct from control of acid-base
Marise Sakuragui [msakuragui@yahoo.com] balance in teleosts. Support: CNPq and FAPESP
Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
The effects of a single cortisol injection (50 mg/Kg A new genus of brown ghost knifefish
body weight ip) 24h prior to deionized water exposure belonging to the Neotropical ghost knifefishes
(24h and 48h) or no cortisol injection on the stress (Otophysi: Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae)
responses of traíra, H. malabaricus, were evaluated. Carlos David de Santana
59
Laboratório de Biologia Evolutiva de Peixes P0.05) by bottom temperature and bottom salinity
Eletrosensitivos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da (spring and autumn). However, it was not associated
Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936 - Petrópolis - CEP: with depth within the sampled depth range (3.5-312
69011-970. Manaus AM, Brazil m).
dsantana@inpa.gov.br
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral The combined effects of swimming
Apteronotidae Jordan is the most species-rich performance and attempt rate on passage
gymnotiform family. This group is widely distributed success through velocity barriers
throughout South America. In this work I propose a T. Castro-Santos
new genus of ghost knifefishes, the so called brown Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center-USGS-BRD
ghost knifefishes. They can be identified by an P.O. Box 796 -- One Migratory Way
elongated sphenoid region. It consists of seven species, Turners Falls, MA 01376
three of which were formerly described as Sternarchus Ted Castro-Santos [tcastrosantos@acad.umass.edu]
(a synonym of Apteronotus) or Apteronotus: “A”. Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
leptorhychus (Ellis), “A”. rostratus (Meek and Passage through velocity barriers results from both
Hildebrand), and “A”. macrostomus (Fowler), in swimming capacity and attempt rate. We studied
addition to the four new species described herein. sprinting performance of a suite of six migratory
Phylogenetic relationship, an identification key and species allowed to sprint volitionally up a 23-m long
distributions maps of these clades are provided. open-channel flume against velocities of 1.5-4.5 m/s.
Using survival analysis methods, we developed
Histological alterations on the gills of predictive models of the effect of flow velocity and
Trachinotus carolinus (Carangidae) exposed other biological and environmental variables on
to naphthalene distance of ascent. We applied similar methods to
Santos, T.C.A.; Phan, V.N.; Gomes, V.; Passos, model the timing and frequency of attempts. Here, we
M.J.A.C.R.; Campos, D.Y.F. describe these results, and demonstrate how these two
Instituto Oceanográfico – Universidade de São Paulo, measures of performance can be combined to produce
São Paulo, Brazil time-dependent predictions of overall passage success.
Thais Santos [thaiss@usp.br]
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster Evidence for behavioral optimization during
Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon high-speed volitional swimming in fishes.
(PAH) derived from petroleum and is extremely toxic T. Castro-Santos
to aquatic organisms due to its persistence in animal Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center-USGS-BRD
tissue. The aim of this work was to observe the effects P.O. Box 796 -- One Migratory Way, Turners Falls,
of naphthalene on the gills of Trachinotus carolinus MA 01376
exposed to two different concentrations. Fish were Ted Castro-Santos [tcastrosantos@acad.umass.edu]
kept in aquariums with the pollutant for twelve days Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
and tissues were removed, fixed and analyzed under a Migrating fish traversing velocity barriers are often
light microscope. Naphthalene proved to be extremely forced to swim in prolonged and sprint modes. Models
toxic, even in sublethal concentrations. Toxicity was that predict optimal swim speeds based on cost of
clearly indicated by an increased number of lesions on transport in sustained mode are inappropriate in this
the gills, and secondary lamelar fusions, as the situation. I propose a new model of a distance
concentration of naphthalene increased. maximizing strategy for traversing velocity barriers,
derived from the relationship between swim speed and
The influence of environmental variables on fatigue time, and including a prediction for when fish
Squatina guggenheim (Chondrichthyes: should switch from prolonged to sprint modes. Data
Squatinidae) distribution in the Argentine- from six migratory species indicate that some, but not
Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone (AUCFZ) all species select the distance maximizing strategy.
Rodolfo Vögler Santos Deviation from the optimal speed results in reduced
Departamento de Oceanografía, Casilla 160-C, Cabina distance of ascent.
9 Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
rvogler@udec.cl Mechanisms of salinity tolerance in California
Symposium: Fitness Type: Poster Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis
The effect of bottom temperature, bottom salinity, and mossambicus x O. urolepis hornorum)
depth on the distribution of angel shark Squatina exposed to salinites greater than seawater
guggenheim population was analyzed in the Argentine- Brian Sardella, Matey, V., Cooper, J., Gonzalez, R.J.,
Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone. Individuals were Brauner, C.J.
collected from bottom trawl surveys conducted during Department of Zoology 6270 University Blvd.
five research cruises in spring and fall of 1995, 1997 University of BC Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
and 1998. The distribution of S. guggenheim was Colin Brauner [brauner@zoology.ubc.ca]
significantly affected (Perry and Smith method: Symposium: Ions Type: Oral
60
Mozambique tilapia hybrids were gradually acclimated Organisms that have undergone recent genome
to progressively increasing salinities (35 to 95 g/L in duplications may make use of environment-specific
10 g/L increments) every five days and fish were isoforms during acclimation to environmental change,
sampled at 3, 24, and 120 h. Tilapia tolerated salinities but only a few examples of this strategy have been
from 35-65 g/L with little or no change in thoroughly described. In this talk I will present some
osmoregulatory status presumably by reducing of our recent work on an example of isoform switching
epithelial permeability; however, in fish exposed to 75- that is involved in acclimation to environmental
95 g/L, plasma osmolality, [Na+], and [Cl-], Na+, K+- salinity in the salmonids. Salmonid genomes encode
ATPase, and the number of apoptotic chloride cells, multiple isoforms of Na+/K+ ATPase, and two of these
were increased. The increase in apoptotic chloride isoforms are significant for acclimation to varying
cells at salinities greater than 55 g/L, prior to changes salinity. Seawater transfer causes down regulation of
in physiological and biochemical parameters, indicates one isoform, and upregulation of the other, suggesting
that it may be the most sensitive indicator of the possibility that these isoforms play somewhat
osmoregulatory stress different functional roles.
Metabolic state in liver cells of lamprey Glucocorticoid-dependent gene expression in
(Lampetra fluviatilis l.) over prolonged temperature adaptation
starvation Patricia Schulte
Margarita Savina Department of Zoology University of British Columbia
The Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4
and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Trish Schulte [pschulte@zoology.ubc.ca]
Thorez avenue, 44, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194223 Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral
msavina2004@mail.ru Acclimation and adaptation of fishes to different
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral temperature regimes involves a series of coordinated
During migration in autumn into the Neva River from changes at the physiological, biochemical, and
the Gulf of Finland, lampreys have an adenine molecular levels. We have been using a group of small
nucleotide content (ATP in particular), per g of liver minnow-like fish to explore the mechanistic basis of
wet mass similar to that found in mammals. However, variation in this regulatory cascade. For example,
in winter a very rapid decrease in ATP content and Fundulus heteroclitus is distributed along the East
increase in AMP takes place. The energy charge Coast of North America, across a steep thermal
potential falls to 0.18-0.2. Beginning in March, ATP gradient. We have found that northern and southern
content increases, AMP content decreases and the populations of F. heteroclitus differ in both their
energy situation in the liver cells of lampreys is glucocorticoid stress response, and in aspects of
changed in a natural way. glucocortiod mediated gene expression. This talk will
focus on the consequences of these differences for
Silagem flour using residues of corvina thermal adaptation.
(Micropogonias furnieri) - obtaining and
characterization Peter Hochachka and the innovation of
Dariane Schoffen comparative biochemistry and physiology
Dariane Schoffen [schoffen@hotmail.com] studies in Brazil
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster Arno Rudi Schwantes, Maria Luíza Barcellos
The production of chemical silagem is possible by Schwantes, Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val
using residues and discards of the fishing industries. LEEM INPA Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Manaus,
Silagem flour derived from residues of corvina was Brasil. CEP 69083-001
obtained, hidrólise degree calclated and the different Vera Val [veraval@inpa.gov.br]
fractions were characterized. The residues were milled, Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral
acidified (10%) and stored for 15 days under ambient The Brazilian academic community has been deeply
temperature (20 to 28C) and pH (below 4.5). The marked by Peter Hochachka‟s lessons about
nitrogen's soluble tenor increased during the hidrólise environmental adaptation. His ideas, first published in
period reaching 62%. The fraction of protein was the book Strategies of Biochemical Adaptation (1973),
dryed in a greenhouse, producing a flour with 59.54% continue evolving until now. Comparative
crude protein. physiologists and biochemists, and many evolutionists
had their investigations driven by the concept that
Isoform-switching as a mechanism of adaptation could be the actual voyage throughout many
“biochemical adaptation” unsolved paradoxes in biology. However, the most
Patricia Schulte impressive lesson left by Peter‟s research, was his
Department of Zoology University of British Columbia determined search for answers to one main question:
6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z4 “How could the knowledge of the living beings
Trish Schulte [pschulte@zoology.ubc.ca] contribute to the welfare of the human kind?”
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral
61
Cardiovascular control and flexibility during The aim of this work was to determine the muscle fiber
early development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) type that holds the skeletal musculature of Caquetaia
Thorsten Schwerte kraussii and Colossoma macropomum. Samples of
Department of Zoology and Limnology, University of caudal and dorsal muscles were studied using TEM
Innsbruck, Austria techniques. In C. kraussii we found only one type of
Sandra Grillitsch [Sandra.Grillitsch@uibk.ac.at] white twitch fiber. For C. macropomum only one fiber
Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Poster type with intermediate characteristics (IIA and IIB)
The cardiovascular system is the first organ system to was determined. The Z line thickness was similar to
function during vertebrate development, but for tiny IIB fibers. The sarcotubular system was IIA type fiber.
animals like zebrafish the physiological importance of Lipidics drops of IIA type were not found. This fiber
the early onset of cardiac activity is not yet understood. type could be related with the food and predators for
Among other possible functions this is believed to be those species.
related to hormonal communication and
haemodynamic force generation, which may be Effects of hydrostatic pressure on G protein
important for angiogenesis. For these functions we signaling in deep-sea fishes
hypothesize that the maintenance of a stable blood Joseph F. Siebenaller
pressure is imperative. In the present study we Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State
analyzed the possible mechanisms that may contribute University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA
to cardiovascular control in early developmental zojose@lsu.edu
stages. The results show that baroreceptors, intrinsic Symposium: DeepSea Type: Oral
control mechanisms like the Frank-Starling Membrane-associated processes may be particularly
Mechanism and also humoral control mechanisms susceptible to perturbation by the environment of the
appear very early during development (3 – 6 days post deep ocean. The effects of low temperature and high
fertilization). hydrostatic pressures on transmembrane signaling by
the A1 adenosine receptor - inhibitory G protein -
Gene regulation and ion flux in the euryhaline adenylyl cyclase complex were examined in brain
killifish Fundulus heteroclitus after freshwater memebranes of teleost fishes from three families.
transfer Increased pressure decreases agonist efficacy and in
Graham R. Scott several species alters G protein interactions with
Department of Zoology, University of British receptors, GTP binding to G protein subunits and the
Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada intrinsic GTPase activity of subunits. Adenylyl
Graham Scott [scott@zoology.ubc.ca] cyclase activity and modulation are affected by
Symposium: Ions Type: Oral increased pressure. However, at pressures
Recent work in our laboratories have demonstrated that approximating those the species experience in situ
transfer of the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus adenylyl cyclase activity retains its sensitivity to
to freshwater increases Na+ influx rate progressively, modulators.
which occurs in conjunction with increased Na+,K+-
ATPase 1a mRNA expression in the gills. We have Evidence for sodium pump and sodium –
explored the mechanisms through which cortisol may potassium - chloride cotransport in the river
regulate Na+,K+-ATPase expression and thus Na+ lamprey eggs: effects of transport and
flux after freshwater transfer. Injection of cortisol (75 metabolic inhibitors
g/g) increased Na+,K+-ATPase 1a expression in A. O. Sherstobitov
control fish. Furthermore, antagonism of Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and
mineralocorticoid receptors with spironolactone Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez
decreased the normal increase in Na+,K+-ATPase 1a avenue, 44, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194223
expression after freshwater transfer. Our data suggest Anatolii A. Nikiforov [anik@iephb.ru]
that cortisol facilitates freshwater acclimation in fish Symposium: Egg Type: Poster
partly by increasing Na+,K+-ATPase expression, and Two basic mechanisms of ion transport across
may act via mineralocorticoid receptors. biological membranes – the Na-K-pump and Na-K-Cl
cotransport - were identified and characterized in the
Ultrastructural study of skeletal muscle fiber river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis eggs using 204Tl+
type in two tropical fish as a tracer during the last year of the life cycle of the
Segnini de B., M. I., Medina, J., Marcano, S., Boada - animals. Influence of ouabain and bumetanide was
Sucre, A. & Finol, H.J. additive and led to almost complete inhibition of
Dpto. Biología Marina. Instituto Oceanográfico de thallium accumulation in the eggs, while participation
Venezuela, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, of potassium channels was not found. Thallium uptake
Venezuela was energy-dependent: joint action of some inhibitors
msegnini@cantv.net of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration was also
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral additive and close to that observed after exposure of
the eggs to the transport inhibitors.
62
Plasticity in excitation-contraction coupling in Migratory behavior of the characin curimba
cardiac myocytes from rainbow trout (Prochilodus lineatus) in the Grande River
Holly Shiels (Paraná Basin, Southeastern Brazil)
University of Manchester, UK Silva, L.G.M.; Godinho, A.L.; Godinho, H.P. &
Holly Shiels [holly.shiels@man.ac.uk] Kynard, B.
Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Oral Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Because fish are ectotherms, they exhibit a degree of Alexandre Godinho [agodinho@forwild.umass.edu]
plasticity in excitation-contraction coupling which Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
allows their hearts to function over a range of During November 2002 – March 2004, we captured 30
environmental conditions. We have investigated this adult curimbas below Volta Grande Dam (Grande
plasticity using electrophysiology and calcium imaging River); then we radio-tagged, released them upstream
in isolated cardiac myocytes from rainbow trout at of the dam and tracked them to Jaguara Dam (125 km).
different ambient temperatures. Results suggest Eight curimbas migrated upstream through the Volta
regulation of cellular calcium flux during temperature Grande reservoir to Igarapava Dam where they
change is achieved by interplay between sarcoplasmic remained up to 12 months. Two curimbas passed
reticulum and sarcolemmal calcium flux, changes in upstream of Igarapava Dam in the fishway and reached
adrenergic sensitivity and possibly through mechanical Jaguara Dam. No tagged fish returned downstream.
feedback. Adults blocked by Volta Grande Dam have an
upstream migratory drive.
Myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression and
myofibrillar-ATPase (m-ATPase) activity in the Reproductive biology of the roughneck grunt,
myotomal muscle in Brycon cephalus Pomadasys corvinaeformis
M. Dal Pai Silva Anairam De Medeiros E Silva & Sathyabama
Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Chellappa
UNESP, Botucatu and CAUNESP, São Paulo, Brazil Aquatic Bioecology, Department of Oceanography and
dpsilva@ibb.unesp.br Limnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster Norte, Praia de Mãe Luiza, s/n. Via Costeira. CEP
In adult fish, the myotomal muscle is usually formed 59014-100, Natal/RN, Brazil
by a superficial layer of red fibers and a main mass of Sathyabama Chellappa [bama@dol.ufrn.br]
white ones. These two layers are separated by an Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
intermediate region that varies in the fiber type Roughneck grunts are abundant in the coastal waters of
composition. We analyzed the pattern of the mATPase Brazil. Reproductive biology of Pomadasys
activity and the MHC isoform expression in red, corvinaeformis was studied during August 2002 to July
intermediate and white fibers, in B. cephalus adults. 2003. The gonads were examined macroscopically and
Cryostat sections were submitted to m-ATPase microscopically to determine the stages of maturation.
reaction and to MHC isoform analysis by SDS Fecundity, type of spawning, sex proportion and size at
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There was a first maturation were determined. The females
correlation between MHC expression pattern and m- predominated by 69% and attained maturity at 104
ATPase activity in fiber types of red, white and mm. The gonads revealed four stages of development
intermediate muscle layers macroscopically whereas microscopic analyses showed
seven phases of maturation for the females and four
Migration of the mandi (Pimelodus maculatus) phases for the males. The fecundity was 44.716 with
passed upstream of the Igarapava fish ladder, total spawning and breeding occurring between
Grande River, Paraná Basin, Southeastern October and June.
Brazil
Silva, L.G.M.; Godinho, A.L.; Godinho, H.P. & Blood parameter assessment of matrinxã
Kynard, B (Brycon cephalus) fed with vitamin C
Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil supplementation
agodinho@forwild.umass.edu Silva, E.C., GC de Menezes, CSM de Carvalho, É da
Symposium: Advances Type: Poster SS Nunes, DR Ituassú, JL Marcon, EG Affonso
During December 2002–March 2004, we captured 15 Aquicultura (Aquaculture Dept.)
adult mandi catfish at the head of the Igarapava Dam Instituto Nacional de Pesq. da Amazonia/INPA
fishway. We radio-tagged each fish and tracked their CP 478 Manaus, AM, Brazil CEP 69083-001
movements in the Igarapava Reservoir. Four fish pgusmao@inpa.gov.br
migrated upstream 31–44 km, one reached Jaguara Symposium: Culture Type: Poster
Dam. Four fish stayed within 5 km of the release site Matrinxã stands out as one of the indigenous species of
and three fish moved downstream of the dam, likely greatest interest for fish culturing in the Amazonian
passing through the bulb turbine. Mandi catfish may be region. This species has displayed characteristics
short-distance migrants. which make it equally fit as tambaqui (Colossoma
63
macropomum), for fish farming. Matrinxã, however, joana.silva@cimar.org
have a higher potential for intensive culture in Symposium: Ions Type: Poster
captivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the The puffer fish Tetraodon fluvitilis is a euryhaline fish
physiological status of matrinxã fed with commercial that is generally characterized by its unusual balloon
feed supplemented with different vitamin C like body form. In the present work we have examined
concentrations. Vitamin C is related to immune system the effects of salinity on the expression of branchial
functions and its supplementation can lower mortality ion transport proteins (Na/K-ATPase, V-ATPase,
rates and enhance fish performance. NKCC and CFTR). We have found that elevated
salinity increases Na/K-ATPase, NKCC and CFTR
Reproductive biology of the bujurqui expression at the tissue and cellular levels. V-ATPase
Cichlasoma amazonarum (Kullander, 1983) in activities are not effected by salinity.
controlled environments
Silva P., Fernando Alcántara B.and M del Aguila P. The effects of diesel oil on some
Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center, Mail code morphological and functional parameters of
6511, Carbondale, IL62901, USA Prochilodus lineatus during acute and chronic
melysi@hotmail.com exposure
Symposium: Culture Type: Poster Juliana D. Simonato, Ana Catarina Albinati, Carmen
Four earthen ponds were stoked with Cichlasoma L. B. Guedes and Cláudia B. R. Martinez
amazonarum (bujurqui) to evaluate general Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Universidade
reproductive aspects, and in 6 aquaria in couples to Estadual de Londrina C.P. 600 Londrina, Paraná
observe reproductive behavior and other aspects. The CEP: 86051-990
reproductive cycle for C. amazonarum was divided in Claudia Bueno dos Reis Martinez [cbueno@uel.br]
4 maturation stages for males and females: I= Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
Inmature, II= In maturation, III= mature and IV= The present work was designed to investigate the
Partially spawned (females) and exhausted (males). Its effects of an environmentally realistic concentration of
reproduction controlled environments is continuous. diesel oil – water soluble fraction (DWSF) on some
Additionally, it presented a low fecundity. Size of 1st morphological and functional parameters of the
maturation in males was larger (8.2 cm TL) than that neotropical freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus. In
of females (6.5 cm TL). Finally, from 2 observed order to evaluate DWSF effects fish were acutely (24,
spawnings 731 and 670 eggs were obtained. 48 and 96h) and chronically (15 days) exposed to
DWSF and the following parameters were examined:
Morphology of the early development of silver biotransformation enzyme (liver GST), antioxidant
catfish, Rhamdia quelen, enzyme (liver catalase), hematological parameter (Hb
(Siluriforme,Pimelodidae) embryo and larvae content), metabolic parameters (blood glucose and
Lenise Vargas Flores da Silva proteins), ionic parameters (blood Na+, Cl- and
UFSCar/SP osmolality) and histological parameter (liver
fish00 [fish00@bol.com.br] histopathology).
Symposium: Egg Type: Poster
The morphological description of early development of Fish social behaviour and the effects of trace
the silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen was done in a metal contaminants
culture condition. The eggs were incubated in bottles Sloman, K.A.
(2120 eggs/bottle) at 24C and samples were fixed to Department of Biological Sciences, Brunel University,
microscopical analysis at 12 and 24 h after Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK UB8 3PH
fertilization, each 6 hours post hatching, during the Katherine.Sloman@brunel.ac.uk
yolk sac absorption, and during larviculture (7, 14 and Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
21 days) period. The sensible period of the larval Initial studies investigating the effects of trace metal
development was found in the post hatchery larvae, exposure on agonistic encounters in juvenile rainbow
due to the development of respiratory and trout demonstrated that of the five metals, copper,
osmorregulatory structures and digestive tract. The nickel, cadmium, lead and zinc, cadmium had the most
identification of the critical stages of early pronounced effects on behaviour. In a following suite
development of Rhamdia quelen may help future of studies the effect of the neurotoxic metal cadmium
procedures for aquaculture of this species. on social interaction between pairs and among groups
of fish was investigated and alterations in
Modulation of ion transport protein physiological parameters such as brain monoamines
expression in the euryhaline pufferfish were considered. (Supported by NSERC Canada
(Tetradon) Strategic Grant, NiPERA, ICA, CDA, ILZRO,
Joana da Silva Falconbridge, Cominco, Noranda and ASAB).
Laboratorío de Ecofisiologia, Centro Interdisciplinar
de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental. Rua dos Bragas Macrophage superoxide production by
289 4050-123 Porto Portugal rainbow trout exposed to a single pulse of
64
waterborne nonylphenol: ecological respiration rate and no response to external stimuli. All
implications and potential as a biomarker of of these responses were ameliorated by morphine, a
exposure to an endocrine disrupting painkiller. These studies have shown that a teleost fish
compound is capable of nociception and there is the potential for
Richard W Smith, Helena J Norberg, Leif Norrgren pain perception.
and Peter Pärt
Dept of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Using transcriptomics to profile rank position
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada within dominance hierarchies of rainbow trout
Richard Smith [rsmith@mcmaster.ca] Lynne U. Sneddon
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral University of Liverpool, Biological Sciences,
Groups of rainbow trout were exposed to a single pulse BioScience Building Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
(as opposed to a constant concentration) of Lynne Sneddon [lsneddon@liverpool.ac.uk]
nonylphenol, starting at 150 ug and exponentially Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral
declining to non-detectable levels after 5 h. Two weeks Dominance hierarchies can be problematic with one or
after exposure macrophage superoxide production was a few dominant animals obtaining the majority of food
directly related to body size in both non-activated and and showing higher growth rates than animals lower in
phorbol myristate acetate activated macrophages. This the status and, therefore, they have limited access to
suggests ecological implications in terms of disease food, show poor growth and suffer stress. This study
resistance in smaller fish. As a biomarker to aimed to understand the correlates of dominance
nonylphenol exposure this body size vs macrophage position by using microarray technology to detect gene
superoxide relationship appears more sensitive than expression differences between dominants,
vitellogenin induction, which can require continuous subdominants and subordinates of rainbow trout. The
exposure to more than 80 ug for days or weeks. results for brain gene expression were assessed and
approximately 300 genes were found to be
The cocoon composition of the aestivating differentially expressed between the ranks. Muscle and
African lungfish (Protopterus dolloi) liver shall also be analysed and compared with
Richard W Smith, Makiko Kajimura and CM Wood. controls.
Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280
Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Oxidative stress on the cardiac muscle of the
Canada Lusitanian toadfish: Cadmium and vanadium
Richard Smith [rsmith@mcmaster.ca] in vivo effects
Symposium: Lungfish Type: Poster Sandra Sofia Soares
The cocoon of the African lungfish is vital for sssoares@ualg.pt
dehydration tolerance. Analysis of the cocoon material Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
revealed it contains the major nitrogenous waste The biochemical mechanisms of cardiac muscle
products, urea and ammonia. RNA and DNA were also intoxication by toxic metals remain mostly unknown,
detected whilst 2-dimensional electrophoresis suggests although it has been demonstrated that this tissue
approximately 6 (as yet unidentified) proteins make up presents a great vulnerability to oxidative stress. In the
the cocoon proteome. Some aspects of composition present study we compared the in vivo responses
change with age. At 14 days RNA : protein (an index induced by an acute exposure to a sub-lethal
of the capacity for protein synthesis) is inversely concentration of cadmium or vanadium, on the cardiac
related to urea content. However this relationship does muscle of the Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus
not exist at 6 weeks. In summary these preliminary didactylus. Antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid
data indicate both structural and possibly metabolic peroxidation and reactive oxygen species production
aspects to cocoon function. were significantly affected by both metals. Glutathione
peroxidases activity increased as a response to
Pain perception in the rainbow trout cadmium, while vanadates induced an in vivo
Lynne U. Sneddon antioxidant effect and an in vitro prooxidant capability.
University of Liverpool, Biological Sciences,
BioScience Building Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK Oxidative stress in the heart and liver of
Lynne Sneddon [lsneddon@liverpool.ac.uk] Sparus aurata (gilthead seabream): In vivo
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral meta and decavanadate effects
A review of recent research on a teleost fish shall be Sandra Sofia Soares
presented. Anatomical techniques were employed to FCMA (Lab. 1.9), Universidade do Algarve - Campus
look for the presence of nerves that act as nociceptive de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
nerves in mammals. Electrophysiological recordings sssoares@ualg.pt
demonstrated that receptors on the head of the fish Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
were preferentially sensitive to damaging stimuli. A Oxidative stress has been implicated as a general
pain-causing agent was administered to the fish which mechanism of cell injury related to metal toxicity. As
showed suspension of feeding behaviour, increased well as other toxic metals, vanadium intoxication has
65
been mainly associated with nefrotoxicity and Comparative analysis of the hemoglobins
hepatotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to from tambacu, tambaqui (C. macropomum)
compare the in vivo effects of an acute exposure to a and pacu (P. mesopotamicus)
sub-lethal concentration of two vanadate solutions, Souza, P. C., Poy, C. D. and Bonilla-Rodriguez, G.
meta and decavanadate (5 mM), on antioxidant Laboratory of protein biochemistry (associated to the
enzymes activities in the heart and liver of the teleost Aquaculture Center, CAUNESP), Department of
Sparus aurata. Both vanadate oligomers increased Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, IBILCE-
oxidative stress with marked effects on the cardiac UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
tissue. bonilla@qca.ibilce.unesp.br
Symposium: Molecular Type: Poster
Population structure analysis of two species A comparative analysis of the hemoglobin pattern was
of Astyanax (Pisces, Characidae) from an performed using the distribution of iso-hemoglobins of
contaminated urban stream the parental species Tambaqui and Pacu in the bybrid
Silvia Helena Sofia Tambacu, as well as a functional characterization. The
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade hemoglobin pattern and oxygen binding properties
Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil from the hybrid Tambacu are analogous to those from
Silvia Helena [shsofia@uel.br] Tambaqui, showing five fractions, compared to three
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster fractions for the hemolysate from Pacu. For Pacu we
RAPD markers were used to analyze genetic were able to purify the main hemoglobins (Hb-I and
variability and structure of populations of two Hb-II), which showed different functional properties.
Astyanax species collected along an urban stream that Supported by FAPESP (Grants 00/04932-5 &
receives contaminants from different sources. A. 03/00085-4) and CNPq.
scabripinnis populations, surveyed in four sites along
the stream, showed very similar proportions of Impacts of hypoxia on juvenile fish growth:
polymorphic loci, which ranged from 63.5% to 64.8%. evidence from laboratory and field studies.
Theta test values indicated a moderate to high genetic Kevin L. Stierhoff and Timothy E. Targett
differentiation among individuals from different University of Delaware, Graduate College of Marine
localities and Nm suggested a low gene flow between Studies, Lewes, DE 19958
subpopulations. The proportions of polymorphic loci stierhof@udel.edu
for A. altiparanae species ranged from 72.6% to Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral
86.2%. The theta test values were significantly For estuarine-dependent fishes, physicochemical
different indicating genetic divergence between factors such as temperature, salinity and dissolved
individuals from each locality and Nm suggested gene oxygen (DO), which vary temporally and spatially, can
flow between subpopulations. The results suggested have substantial effects on larval and juvenile growth
that A. scabripinnis populations were more sensitive to rates and nursery habitat quality. Our laboratory
environmental stress than A. altiparanae populations. growth data suggest that moderate (<50% saturation),
chronic (<7 d) hypoxia and diel-cycling (30-160%
The composition and structure of fish saturation) hypoxia significantly reduces growth of
communities of floodplain lakes at lower juvenile fishes. We are currently using RNA:DNA
stretch of Solimões river (Amazon – Brazil) ratios to investigate growth rates of two estuarine-
Flávia Kelly Siqueira de Souza dependent fishes in the wild, in response to short-term
Department of Fisheries Sciences, Institutes of (2-4 d) changes in DO. Our goal is to improve the
Agriculture Sciences, Federal University of Amazon understanding of the linkage between hypoxia, growth,
Flávia Souza [fla_kel@yahoo.com.br] and nursery habitat quality.
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
From June 2001 to April 2003, we accomplished six Effects of estradiol-17b on changes in
experimental fisheries in eight floodplain lakes on a synthesis and susceptibility in tilapia
lower stretch of Solimões river that crosses Amazonas hepatocytes
state from west to east for 463 km, flowing from Coari Nozomi Sugama
city until its confluence with the Negro river. Gillnets Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the
of standardized dimensions (20 x 2m) and several Ryukyus, Sesoko, Mobotu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
mesh sizes were used for sampling. A total of 4687 tilapia@lab.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
fish were caught belonging to 118 different species in Symposium: Egg Type: Poster
21 families. We evaluated the influence of the Vitellogenin (VTG), a precursor of egg yolk, is
hydrologic cycle and the sampling sites on the fish synthesized in hepatocytes by administration of
community and verified the occurrence of a estradiol-17b (E2). In this study, the relationship
longitudinal gradient of fish diversity between E2 and VTG synthesis was examined mainly
with hepatocyte cultures of tilapia, Oreochromis
mossambicus. There were positive correlations
between the gonadosomatic index and levels of plasma
66
E2 and medium VTG in the females as well as Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
between E2 administration and VTG synthesis in the The most important of the harvested species of
males. When the males were primed with E2, higher anadromous fishes, such as Arctic charr, Salvelinus
and faster synthesis of VTG occurred. These results alpinus, Inconnu, Stenodus leucichthys, broad
suggest that E2 is the major hormone for VTG whitefish, Coregonus nasus, in the Canadian Arctic
synthesis and that susceptibility of the hepatocytes have both a sea run migratory form and freshweter
were changed by this hormone. resident form. They also show parallels in their life
cycle with spawning, winter refugia and
Taxonomic diversity and vertical distribution feeding/rearing grounds being widely separated in the
of ichthyoplankton off central America and anadromous form resulting in extensive migrations. I
Costa Rica Dome hypothesize that the combination of the severe Arctic
Andrei V. Suntsov climate, patchiness of resources, spatio-temporal
Institute of Aquatic Resources of the Arctic, Russian uncertainty and the recent re-colonization of areas has
Academy of Sciences 185067, Alexandr Nevskii Pr.50, forced evolution of parallel variation among different
Petrozavodsk, Russia species. The intraspecific variability and unusual life
asuntsov@mail.ru cycle makes conventional fisheries management of
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster these species difficult.
In 1987 Russian R/V “Ak. Mstislav Keldysh” carried
out multidisciplinary investigations in the Pacific Energetic adaptation and fitness in freshwater
Ocean off Central America. Samples from two types of resident and anadromous Arctic charr
plankton nets covered discrete depth levels as well as Tallman, R.F. and T. Loewen
the upper 200 m of tow. 91 plankton samples yielded Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Central and
larvae of 38-40 fish species and 8-10 types of fish Arctic Region, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg,
eggs. The most abundant were larvae of Vinciuerria Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6
lucetia and Diogenichthys laternatus, followed by tallmanr@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Diaphus pacificus, Oxyporhamphus micropterus, Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral
Cubiceps pauciradiatus, Lampanyctus parvicauda, Charr can exist as multiple resident forms, migrants or
Bathylagus nigrigenys, Citharichthys platophrys, and both within one lake system. Arctic charr use
Pontinus sp. This contribution concentrates on patterns approximately 30 % of their energy reserves to
of taxonomic diversity and spatial distribution and overwinter. Anadromous charr will incur higher lipid
their relation to local hydrology and station position. depletion during spawning events. Resident fish have
low metabolic rates and thus do not expend large
Importance of lunar-cues in synchrony of amounts of energy for maintenance over the winter.
reproductive cycle in reef fishes Since resident individuals invest less into reproductive
Akihiro Takemura events, lipid depletion is only be minimal. We present
Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center a life history model for the co-existence of the two
University of the Ryukyus, Sesoko, Mobotu, Okinawa forms with equal fitness based on there energetic
905-0227, Japan constraints
Akihiro Takemura [tilapia@lab.u-ryukyu.ac.jp]
Symposium: Rhythm Type: Oral Exceptionally low salinity tolerance of
Many reef fishes utilize cues from the moon for Lampetra fluviatilis L. (Petromyzontidae)
synchrony of the reproductive cycle. There are diverse gametes and embryos
patterns in lunar-related reproductive strategies. At Meelis Tambets, Markus Vetemaa, Jaak Tambets
present, it is obscure where the fishes perceive cues Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of
from the moon and how they transduce such stimuli to Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
endogenous rhythm. Rabbitfish is a well-known lunar- Meelis [mtambets@ut.ee]
synchronized spawner, which spawns once a month Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
around the specific lunar phase during the reproductive Lampern Lampetra fluviatilis L. is a widely distributed
season, and becomes a suitable model for studies on European parasitic anadromous species. According to
physiological mechanisms of lunar-related literature data, floods can sweep developing embryos
reproductive cycle. We have examined characteristics of lampern downstream into the sea. We studied the
of lunar-related reproduction in rabbitfishes. We show effects of salinity on fertilization and early
involvement of moonlight in reproductive synchrony development of lampern. Our experiments proved that
in this fish group. even very low salinity (>1 %o) caused anomalies and
led to the death of embryos and larvae. Fertilization
Parallel trends in the biology of Arctic occurred at salinities below 4 %o. Gametes and
anadromous fishes and the consequences for embryos of lampern are more sensitive to salinity than
fisheries management. those of true freshwater fish. This data can be used to
Ross F. Tallman devise methods for suppressing the abundance of
tallmanr@dfo-mpo.gc.ca unwanted alien lamprey species.
67
0.16±0.02; 0.53±0.05 for the turtles, benthic fish and
Copper affects swimming performance in big catfish.
trout: The problem is ammonia
E.W. Taylor Inducible stress tolerance in the intertidal
School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, zone
Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT Anne Todgham
Edwin Taylor [E.W.TAYLOR@bham.ac.uk] todgham@interchange.ubc.ca
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
The ability of a trout to acidify the boundary layer at Organisms in the intertidal zone experience daily
the gill surface is compromised when exposed to fluctuations in temperature, but there has been little
sublethal levels of copper ammonia, because the work addressing the effect that this periodicity in
diffusional exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is environmental change has on the heat shock protein
not significantly affected. The accumulation of (Hsp) response and stress tolerance. The main
ammonia was associated with reduced rates of objective of this study was to take what we have
sustainable swimming. Although there were learned about inducible stress tolerance in tidepool
indications of metabolic disruption, the swimming sculpins in the lab and investigate its importance in
effect arises predominantly from depolarisation of nature to determine whether tidal cycle plays a role in
white muscle. This is likely to be an important factor modulating stress tolerance in intertidal organisms and
limiting fish populations in polluted urban rivers. whether the environmental change inherent in the
intertidal zone imparts some degree of rhythmicity to
Some loading and limiting factors that can the Hsp response.
affect swimming performance in fish
Ted Taylor and David J. McKenzie Natriuretic peptide signalling in the gills of
School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 freshwater and seawater fishes
2TT, UK Tes Toop
Edwin Taylor [E.W.TAYLOR@bham.ac.uk] School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3217 Australia
There are a number of environmental factors that can Tes Toop [ttoop@deakin.edu.au]
act to limit the swimming performance of fish. These Symposium: Ions Type: Oral
limiting factors include temperatures markedly The gills are considered major targets for cardiac
different from optima, reduced oxygen levels, changes natriuretic peptides with studies confirming natriuretic
in salinity or pH and toxic pollutants. Some of these peptide receptor presence on vascular and sometimes
variables, together with internal factors such as growth epithelial tissues. Natriuretic peptide intracellular
rate, feeding, reproductive state, can also act as loading signalling is via guanylyl cyclase receptors and the
factors, increasing resting metabolic rate. This can cGMP pathway, and via inhibitory G-proteins linked to
result in a reduction in aerobic scope with the potential cyclic AMP pathways. Natriuretic peptides in the gills
to reduce swimming performance. alter branchial blood flow and may also alter ion
transport in various salinities. We present an overview
The use of mercury and stable isotopes to of natriuretic peptide cGMP and cAMP signalling in
investigate food chain structure in aquatic fishes and consider the implications of the recent
ecosystems in the Amazon discovery of several CNPs and BNP in bony fishes on
Mario J. F. 1Thomé-Souza natriuretic peptide receptor studies.
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (CPEC),
Alameda Cosme Ferreira, 1756, Manaus, AM, Brazil Immune suppression in fish after stress: The
thome@inpa.gov.br roles of cortisol
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster Lluis Tort.
We studied how mercury (Hg) can be used as a Dpt. Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology.
substitute for 15N in food chain studies. 13C was Faculty of Sciences
also utilized to identify autotrophic sources. In total, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra,
180 samples were collected, which included flooded Spain
forest, periphyton, benthic fish, big catfish and turtles. ltortb [Lluis.Tort@uab.es]
The 13C results were (average±se): -30.24±0.25; - Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
38.40±0.7; -33.65±0.38; -32.26±0.37, -31.36±0.39‰, Stressors activate the alarm responses in all
respectively. These results indicated the fish received a physiological compartments and neuro-endocrine
mixture of autotrophic energy sources, while the turtles mediators are mobilized as a first response. The release
received nutrients solely from the forest. Mercury in of these mediators, mainly hormones, generate
the tissues of the organisms demonstrated physiological and metabolic changes that allow
bioaccumulation in the food chain of 0.03± 0.01; 0.04± organisms to drive energy in order to cope with the
0.01(ppm) for the forest and algae and 0.11±0.01; stressor, at least for a short-term basis. When the
stressor is chronic maladaptation may occur and it is
68
known that one of the consequences of maladaptation different from that of potassium between plasma and
is the depression or supression of immune tissues. This suggests that the background potassium
mechanisms. Among the endocrine mediators, cortisol channels of the oriental weatherloach are relatively
is released by interrenal cells in the head kidney of fish impermeable to NH4+. Patch clamping was used to
and induces multiple effects on the fish metabolism, investigate the relative permeability to NH4+ of
energetics and osmoregulation. background potassium channels in this fish. The
ammonia-tolerance of the oriental weatherloach could
Branchial acid-base regulation in the dogfish, be due to its selective background potassium channels,
Squalus acanthias which prevents 1) depolarization of nervous tissues, 2)
Martin Tresguerres subsequent excessive activation of NMDA receptors,
Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Alberta 3) excessive Ca2+ influx and 4) eventual cell death.
Bamfield Marine Station, CW-405 - Biological
Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Recent progress of mechanisms of salmon
AB, Canada T6G 2E9 homing migration
Martin Tresguerres [martint@ualberta.ca] Hiroshi Ueda
Symposium: Ions Type: Poster Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere
Pacific dogfish (Squalus acanthias) were infused with Hokkaido University
either 125 mM HCl or 250mM NaOH for 6 or 24 h. North 9 West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0809, Japan
The blood pH of base-infused fish (BIF) increased Hiroshi UEDA [hueda@fsc.hokudai.ac.jp]
significantly after 1 h of infusion (from 7.8 ±0.05 to Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
8.1 ±0.05 pH units), and remained elevated for the rest A number of studies have investigated the amazing
of the experiment. The blood pH of acid-infused fish ability of salmon to migrate long distances from the
(AIF) dropped significantly after 6 h of infusion (7.55 ocean to their natal river for spawning. For a better
±0.09 pH units), but recovered to control values by 12 understanding of the mechanisms of salmon homing
h. Sodium-proton exchanger 2 (NHE-2) expression migration, three different analyses have recently been
was upregulated in the gills of 24 h-AIF, as indicated applied using Japanese chum salmon as well as
from western blot assays. The number, localization and lacustrine sockeye and masu salmon. The first is
ultrastructure of mitochondria-rich cells in gills from behavioral analysis on chum salmon swimming
AIF and BIF were also studied. behaviors in the ocean and river, the second is
endocrinological analysis on hormone profiles in the
Effects of acute and chronic stressors on the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis, and the third is olfactory
migratory behavior of juvenile hatchery analysis on discriminating ability of the natal river.
steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in
Abernathy Creek, Washington Changes in expression of hypo-osmotic
Nathan Truelove hormone genes in pre-spawning salmon
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon during upstream migration
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Nash Akihisa Urano
104, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Division of
truelovn@onid.orst.edu Biological Sciences, Hokkaido Univ Grad Sch of
Symposium: Stress Type: Oral Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
We examined the effects of acute and chronic stressors Akihisa Urano [aurano@sci.hokudai.ac.jp]
on hatchery reared juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus Symposium: Ions Type: Oral
mykiss) released into the wild. Cortisol was measured The previous studies indicate that neurohypophysial
for fish from all treatment groups. Biotelemetry was hormones and prolactin are involved in hypo-osmotic
used to monitor migratory behavior and residence time regulation in salmonids. We therefore determined
of all experimental fish. Our biotelemetry data changes in the amounts of mRNAs encoding
indicated that the propensity to migrate and migratory neurohypophysial hormones and pituitary hormones in
success were decreased for fish that received stress pre-spawning chum salmon during upstream migration
treatments. to understand molecular bases of freshwater adaptation
in salmonids. The results showed year-to-year
Role of Background Potassium Channels in differences in the pattern of changes in expression of
Ammonia Toxicity several hormone genes including those for
Tsui, T.K.N., Li, G.R. and Randall, D.J. neurohypophysial hormones and prolactin, probably
Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University because of the variation of sea surface temperature
of Hong Kong (SST) which modulate upstream migration. High SST,
Tommy Tsui [tommytkn@yahoo.com.hk] which delayed arrival to the natal river after sexual
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral maturation, resulted in malfunction of fresh-water
The oriental weatherloach, Misgurnus adaptation
anguillicaudatus, is a very ammonia-tolerant teleost.
The distribution of ammonia was found to be very Stress in matrinxa (Brycon cephalus)
69
Elizabeth Urbinati
Universidade Estadual de Sao Paulo – Campus de Lectins in teleosts : Recognition/effector
Jaboticabal factors in response to infectious challenge
bethurb@caunesp.unesp.br Gerardo R. Vasta
Symposium: Stress Type: Oral Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of
The matrinxã, native of the Amazon River Basin, has Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 East Pratt
been considered a promising candidate for aquaculture Street, Baltimore, MD 21202
throughout Brazil. It has been commercially raised in vasta@umbi.umd.edu
many farms in the Southern States, where the species Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
is exploited by recreational sport fishing. Special Humoral and phagocyte-associated lectins constitute
attention has been given to the stress physiology of the critical components of innate immunity in vertebrates
species focusing on effects of capture, transportation and invertebrates. Their roles include not only
and stocking density. The results have shown that self/non-self recognition but also downstream effector
matrinxã is highly tolerant to the common practices of functions, such as agglutination, immobilization, and
aquaculture with a high capacity of recovery. The complement-mediated opsonization and killing of
studies have shown that high stocking densities are not potential pathogens. Further, lectins and other pattern
a major factor limiting the species welfare. recognition molecules may function in antigen
processing, and as modulators of adaptive immune
UV: An environmental challenge for fish of the responses. Lectin repertoires in teleost fish are highly
Amazon diversified. Some lectins may recognize sugars on
Adalberto Luís Val and Cristhian Amado Castro Perez potential pathogens, and may be upregulated upon
INPA, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular infectious challenge. Recognition/effector factors in
Evolution fish may constitute useful markers for disease
Adalberto Luis Val [dallval@ig.com.br] resistance/susceptibility.
Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
There has been an increasing interest in the biological Mechanism of ammonia tolerance in the Gulf
effects of impinging UV rays on the Earths surface, toadfish
enhanced as a consequence of significant changes in Clemence Veauvy
atmospheric composition. However, evaluation of UV Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel
effects on tropical environments, in particular at the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences,
Equator belt, is scarce, despite the higher solar University of Miami, Miami Florida 33149, USA
irradiation reaching this zone of the world. Low cveauvy@rsmas.miami.edu
dissolved oxygen in the tropics has elicited the Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster
appearance of many strategies among fish to explore The Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, is more tolerant to
the water surface or even to breathe air. What is the high ammonia concentration in the blood than most
effect of UV on these animals? The present paper will fish or mammals. Hyperammonemic events in
discuss some preliminary approaches to this question, mammals can induce brain swelling. To understand the
by comparing the effects of UV on tambaqui and mechanism by which Opsanus beta can tolerate
pirarucu. CNPq & FAPEAM. hyperammonemia we used magnetic resonance
imaging technique (MRI) to monitor changes in water
Crude oil, copper and fish of the Amazon content in the brain. A significant decrease in T2 (ratio
Adalberto Luís Val and Vera Almeida-Val of free to bound water in the cell) parameter generated
INPA, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular from the MRI analysis suggests a loss of brain water
Evolution after 40 hours of exposure to 3.5 mM ammonium
dalval [dalval@inpa.gov.br] chloride in seawater. This result is corroborated by a
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral significant increase in plasma osmolarity for fish
The fish of the Amazon require several strategies to exposed for 16 and 40 hours suggesting whole body
face their complex environmental conditions, in dehydration due to hyperammonemia.
particular chronic hypoxia. These strategies include
air-breathing, aquatic surface respiration, and Reproduction and growth of fish associated to
adjustments of several physiological and biochemical differences between estuarine environments
parameters directed toward enhancing oxygen transfer Ana L. Vendel and Paulo de Tarso Chaves
to tissues. These strategies are vulnerable to Bióloga, PG em Zoologia UFPR , Curitiba, Paraná
environmental pollutants such as crude oil and metals, genidens@ig.com.br
limiting the ability of the animals to survive in polluted Symposium: Advances Type: Poster
sites, as they encounter all sorts of physiological and Features related to reproduction and growth are
biochemical disruptions, including changes of LDH auxiliary indicators for evaluating the receiving
isoforms, gene expression, and changes in blood capacity of the habitat. Condition Factor (K),
parameters, among others. These changes consequently population structure and gonadal maturation stages of
affect behavior and population structure. six species were considered in order to compare two
70
neighboring mangrove estuaries from the south of GEMC- Grupo de Estudos Marinhos e Costeiros /
Brazil: Guaratuba Bay and Barra do Saí lagoon. The Depto. de Oceanografia / UFPA.
former mangrove-estuary, because of its larger area apv@ufpa.br
and depth, receives a greater fish population for Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
reproduction and growth than the latter, where the This study aims to describe the fishing activity in the
renewal of the seawater is supposedly smaller. Both Amazon estuary using multivariate analysis, with
estuaries are used in a similar manner for fish PRIMER software. Data were obtained from an
reproduction, but differ in the population structure, K enterprise based in Belém, and comprised of total catch
and growth parameters. It can be concluded that the and effort for each trip. The formation of four groups
physiographic differences among estuaries might not were observed and characterized by their fishing gear:
alter their importance for reproductive activity, long line, trawler and gill net. Within these groups, it
although they influence the individual biological was also possible to identify sub-groups and they were
parameters of coastal fish. characterized by the capture of specific target species.
The responsible species for sub-group formation were
Light pulse influence on nocturnal plasma of commercial importance in Pará State, therefore the
melatonin and locomotor activity in tench fishing was directed toward these certain species.
(Tinca tinca)
Vera, L.M.; López-Olmeda, J.F.; Bayarri, M.J.; A new methodology for creation of Betta
Madrid, J.A.; Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J. splendens in captivity
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lorena G. Vieira, J. F. S. Cardoso, R. A. Ávila, D.
University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain Cardoso and E. L. França
José Fernando López Olmeda [jflopezes@yahoo.es] jullyfs@uai.com.br
Symposium: Rhythm Type: Oral Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
Tench has been reported to be a strict nocturnal The Betta is one of the fish more appreciated for
species, even when light intensity is very low during ornamental aquariums of fresh water. The males are
daytime. However, the impact of light pulses during constantly fighting for dominance. The main objective
darkness has not been studied. To this end, tench were was to study the aggressive behavior of the Betta
submitted to one hour light pulses of different intensity splendens with the intention of developing a
(3.3, 5.3, 10.5, 1091.4 µW/cm2 ) at mid darkness methodology, which allowed peaceful interactions
(MD). Plasma melatonin was measured after the between males and females in the period prior to
pulses. In addition, locomotor activity was recorded mating. This verified the influence of abiotic factors in
during 2 weeks and light pulses were applied at MD on Betta’s behavior. This study provided valuable
day 14. Preliminary results indicated that all light information about Betta splendens's behavior and the
pulses tested depressed nocturnal plasma melatonin ideal conditions which allow males and females to
content and locomotor activity in tench. peacefully coexist.
Effects of cell volume on erythrocyte Molecular responses to stress in fish: The role
circulation of cortisol
Christine Verhille and Tillmann Benfey Matt Vijayan
University of New Brunswick Department of Biology, University of Waterloo,
h8c8@unb.ca Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1 Canada
Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Oral mvijayan@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca
Triploid fish provide a model to study the Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
physiological importance of cell volume. Due to their The focus of this talk will be on the gene expression
extra nuclear material, triploid cells have a greater patterns associated with stress in fish. To this end, we
volume than diploid cells; however, fish size is similar have developed a targeted rainbow trout cDNA
because of a reduced cell count in triploid tissues. The microarray, which consists of ~150 genes involved in
triploid cardiovascular system is particularly various aspects of animal physiology, including
interesting because of the effects of cell volume on red endocrine axes, growth and metabolism, iono- and
blood cell (rbc) passage through the microvasculature. osmo-regulation and immune and stress response
Salmonid rbc circulation was assessed by measuring pathways. Using this microarray, we are characterizing
rbc filtration rate and haemolysis during passage the molecular responses to acute and chronic stressor
through restrictive Nucleopore membranes. Triploid in rainbow trout. These studies were also repeated with
cells exhibited reduced filtration rate and greater fish fed RU486 (a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist)
damage due to filtration compared to diploid cells. to tease out the role of cortisol in the regulation of
stress-responsive genes in rainbow trout.
Preliminary description of fishery in the
Amazon estuary based on multivariate Sperm storage of a Brazilian teleost fish
analysis piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus): Extenders
Andréa Viana, Diogo Oliveira, T. Fredou, F. Lucena and sperm motility activators
71
A.T.M. Viveiros, A.N.Maria, L.D.S. Murgas, G.F. information from stressed conspecifics; and d) non-
Morais, A.V. Oliveira physical stressors, provided by evoking memory of
Ana Viveiros [ana.viveiros@ufla.br] stressful situations previously experienced.
Symposium: Egg Type: Oral
The piracanjuba is an endangered Brazilian fish To feed or to refuge? A chemically-mediated
species. To protect this species, it is necessary to trade-off in a tropical characin fish
increase the reproductive efficiency of each individual. Gilson Luiz Volpato & Luciana Cardeliquio Jordão
Cool storage is an easy and cheap method to preserve RECAW – Research Group on Animal Welfare,
semen for a few days, thus improving male Departament of Physiology, IB/UNESP, CxP 510, Cep
reproductive performance. The aim of this research 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
was to test the capacity of several extenders used in Gilson Volpato [volpato@ibb.unesp.br]
fish to maintain the viability of piracanjuba semen Symposium: Stress Type: Poster
after 24 h storage at 4ºC. Semen diluted in Saad We tested the effect of threatening (familiar predator
solution (NaCl 200 mM, Tris 30 mM) conserved the odours; alarm substance and disturbance cues) and
same (P>0.05) high motility rate (80%) 24 h after non-threatening (conspecific, unfamiliar predator and
cooling as immediately after dilution (100%). tap water) chemical cues on site use (refuge or feeding
Undiluted semen, however, produced only 33% of sites) in pacu. After food and chemical stimuli addition
motility rate. we measured the time fish spent in each site and
feeding activity. Non-threatening chemical cues did
Influence of lunar cycles on locomotor activity not affect site use, but threatening cues increased
rhythms in tench (Tinca refuge-site use. Feeding started quickly by fish under
tinca) exposed to natural moonlight non-threatening chemical cues, suggested that these
García-Vizcaíno, E.M.; Herrero, M.J; Madrid, J.A. & chemicals motivated feeding site use. Alarm substance
Sánchez-Vázquez, F.J. abolished all feeding. Results indicated that four
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, chemicals are involved and that previous fish
University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain experience modulates these effects.
jflopezes@yahoo.es
Symposium: Rhythm Type: Poster Dam impacts on fish communities trophic
Lunar phases strongly influence a number of rhythmic structure (Araguari River, Upper Paraná,
activities in many animals. In tench, previous Brazil)
observations have revealed their strict nocturnal Volney Vono
behaviour. The effect of natural moonlight, however, Depto. Zoologia, Lab. Ictiologia
has never been reported in this species. We ICB - UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
investigated locomotor activity rhythms in tench kept C.P. 486 - Cep 30161-970
under natural environmental conditions. Locomotor lagovono@dedalus.lcc.ufmg.br
activity was continuously recorded by means of Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
infrared sensors coupled to a computer. Tench showed The study evaluated, before and after damming, from
nocturnal activity, which was influenced by moon 1986 to 2001, the effects of Nova Ponte and Miranda
phases, as fish displayed less activity during full moon dams on the fish community structure of the Araguari
and became more active during new moon. Daily River, Upper Paraná Basin. It is based on the
activity also differed during the first and last quarter. hypothesis that the resulting alterations created by dam
construction shifts the alimentary habits of the fish,
Unusual stressors in fish: A contribution to thus influencing ichthyofauna structure. Several
the fish-welfare issue species shifted their feeding habits due to the changes
Gilson Volpato in environment, some in a drastic way such as
Research Center on Animal Welfare – RECAW – Astyanax fasciatus, Leporinus friderici and Pimelodus
Dept. Fisiologia – IBB – UNESP – CAUNESP – maculatus. Detritivorous species dominated the
18618-000 – Botucatu – SP – Brazil community of the river, while herbivores and
volpato@ibb.unesp.br piscivores species became the most abundant in the
Symposium: Stress Type: Oral reservoirs.
Stressors not frequently considered in mainstream fish
stress issues, such as stressors provided by memory of Fish passage at the Igarapava Fish Ladder,
unpleasant conditions, environmental color, chemicals River Grande, Brazil
from heterospecifics or stressed conspecifics, among Volney Vono
others are described. Thus, considerations based on Depto. Zoologia, Lab. Ictiologia
energetic costs are evaluated. Moreover, four ICB - UFMG. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
categories of stressors are proposed: 1) physical C.P. 486 - Cep 30161-971
stressors directly acting on the fish (e.g., confinement); lagovono@dedalus.lcc.ufmg.br
b) presence of physical stressors with no direct contact Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
on the fish (e.g. visual or chemical cues); c)
72
The fish ladder of Igarapava Dam, Grande River Swimming physiology plasticity in Fraser
(Upper Paraná Basin, Brazil) was evaluated with River sockeye salmon: effects of kidney
regard to the number of species and individuals that parasite infection
pass in its viewing chamber using video-image Glenn Wagner
(daylight and night) and human counting (daylight) Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Sciences Centre
techniques, in 2000 and 2003. We registered 17 Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia
species, with high dominance of the Characiformes glennw@interchange.ubc.ca
Leporinus octofasciatus during the day and the Symposium: Fitness Type: Oral
Siluriformes Pimelodus maculatus during the night The myxosporean kidney parasite Parvicapsula
under infra-red light conditions. The passage rate minibicornis is contracted by sockeye salmon in the
enhanced gradually along the sampling period, Fraser River estuary and may compromise the osmotic
reaching 4 individuals/min in December, 2000. The balance of early-returning sockeye with longer
highest number of individuals and species were residence time in freshwater prior to spawning.
registered during rainy season. Migratory ability was estimated by measuring repeated
prolonged maximum swimming performance (Ucrit)
Thermal plasticity of delayed rectifier and metabolic rates of infected and non-infected
potassium current (IKr) and fast Na+ current sockeye. Recovery ratios (Ucrit2/ Ucrit1) of infected
(INa) in trout heart fish were significantly lower (≥8 %) than uninfected
Matti Vornanen, Minna Hassinen and Jaakko fish, but metabolic rates did not differ. Reduced
Haverinen recovery ratios may have been caused by energy
University of Joensuu, Department of Biology, Finland partitioning to maintain ion balance during exercise,
Matti Vornanen [Matti.Vornanen@joensuu.fi] thus impairing migratory ability due to progressive
Symposium: Cardiovascular Type: Oral exhaustion.
It is shown that the densities of INa and IKr are up-
regulated in cold-acclimated trout which help to Repeat swimming performance as a measure
maintain adequate membrane excitability (INa) and to of dietary effects in Atlantic salmon
keep the duration of action potential short (Ikr) at low Glenn Wagner
temperatures. Thermal plasticity of the IKr is achieved Department of Forest Sciences, Forest Sciences Centre
mainly by increased expression of the erg1-channel Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia
gene, while temperature-induced changes in INa glennw@interchange.ubc.ca
involve changes in voltage-dependence of activation Symposium: Locomotion Type: Oral
which is sifted to more negative voltages by cold- Repeated critical swimming performance trials (Ucrit)
acclimation. were performed on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to
test the null hypothesis that the source of dietary lipids
Molecular mechanisms of early mortality (fish-based, poultry-based, and plant-based) does not
syndrome (M74) in Baltic salmon influence exercise and recovery performance. The
Kristiina Vuori poultry-based lipid supplement resulted in a poorer
Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of initial swimming performance (a 16 % decrease in
Biology University of Turku Ucrit1) relative to the fish oil group. However, dietary
FIN-20014 Turku, Finland oil supplements primarily based on plant oils (flax and
Kristiina Vuori [kranvu@utu.fi] sunflower) did not significantly alter swimming
Symposium: Molecular Type: Oral performance. Major replacement (75%) of dietary fish
Baltic salmon suffer from abnormally high yolk-sac fry oil supplement with plant-based oils does not
mortality (M74). In 1990´s 25-80% of newly hatched significantly alter on the cardiorespiratory physiology
salmon from wild parents in Sweden and Finland died of Atlantic salmon.
before feeding. M74-affected fry are characterized by
oxidative stress and various morphological symptoms, Ammonia toxicity and urea excretion in the
i.e. impaired vascular development, reduced number of Gulf toadfish: Linkages to behavior?
erythrocytes, necrotic cells in brain, changes in Patrick J. Walsh
hepatocytes and degeneration of skeletal muscle. At University of Miami
the behavioural level, various neurological disorders Pat Walsh [PWalsh@rsmas.miami.edu]
have been reported. The aim of the ongoing project is Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in the Toadfish are exceptional amongst teleosts since they
developmental disturbances associated with the synthesize urea via the ornithine-urea cycle, and
mortality. To date, we have studied molecular basis of excrete urea in pulses across the gills. Several
angiogenetic disturbances in M74-fry. Moreover, we hypotheses have been proposed to explain the
have investigated which genes are differentially evolution of this metabolically-expensive
expressed between M74-affected and healthy fry using phenomenon. This talk will explore the ammonia
cDNA microarray approach. exposure hypothesis as the primordial cause for urea
excretion and will present data on the toadfish's ability
73
to tolerate extreme environmental ammonia Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102
concentrations. Possible behavioral adaptiveness of jweis@andromeda.rutgers.edu
urea excretion will be discussed as later steps in Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
evolution of this trait. Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog) from a
contaminated area, Piles Creek (PC), have reduced
Monocarboxylate Transporter (MCT) mRNA growth, and longevity, due in part to abnormal
expression in hypoxic and normoxic killifish, behavior. They have reduced activity, and poorer prey
Fundulus heteroclitus capture success than fish from the reference site TK.
Wang, Y.X, Dowker, Andrew A, Semple, J., Bonen, When TK fish were kept in a PC environment, their
A., and Schulte, T. prey capture success declined to that of PC fish. When
Department of Biology, 3508 BioScience Complex PC fish were kept in clean water, there was a slight
Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario increase in prey captured. In the field PC fish eat non-
Canada K7L 3N6 nutritious detritus and less live food than TK fish. PC
Yuxiang Wang [yuxiangw@post.queensu.ca] fish were more vulnerable to predation than TK fish,
Symposium: Metabolism Type: Oral which can contribute to their shorter life span. They
The transmembrane shuttling of monocarboxylates is had less serotonin in their brains, and altered thyroid
crucial for maintaining metabolic and acid-base follicles and hormones.
homeostasis in organisms, and is altered by
physiological (e.g. hypoxia and anaerobia), and Prey capture as a behavioral biomarker for
pathological states (e.g. diabetes and cancer). Nine contaminants
MCT isoforms have been uncovered in mammals; no Peddrick Weis
work has been reported in fish. We revealed the first Department of Radiology, UMDNJ - New Jersey
full-length putative MCT gene sequence in teleost. Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103;
Using Northern hybridization, we showed the Peddrick Weis [weis@umdnj.edu]
differential MCT mRNA expression in various tissues Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
of killifish under acute hypoxic condition (0.3mg/L). Prey capture ability was evaluated as a behavioral
This work helps us to reveal the intricacies of lactate biomarker of contamination using mummichogs
shuttling and its role in metabolic regulation under an (Fundulus heteroclitus) from 13 sites. Parameters
oxygen limiting state. included metals in sediments and mummichogs, and
prey strikes/captures in the lab - adults with grass
Pre-hatch mercury exposure alters startle shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), and larvae with brine
reflex response in larval zebrafish shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii. Prey capture as a
Daniel N. Weber behavioral biomarker, while ecologically relevant, is
Marine & Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center, not especially sensitive due to great variability in
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI behavior among fish from each site. The behavioral
USA differences correlated better to overall contaminant
Daniel Weber [dweber@uwm.edu] levels than to specific toxicants. Development of
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral tolerance in some contaminated populations can
Mercury (Hg) alters sensory neurons and obscure results. Larval prey capture is not as sensitive
neuromuscular activity. Effects on long-term a behavioral biomarker for contamination as adult
neurobehavioral patterns due to embryonic exposure behavior.
are unclear. Startle reflex arcs in developing embryos
allow correlations between Hg-induced neuronal Growth Rates and Mortality of Two Sea
dysfunction and behavior. Zebrafish embryos were Perches (Lutjanidae) in Queensland, Australia
exposed to 0-50 ppb Hg2+ for 24 hr at day 1, 2, or 3 Gene R. Wilde & William Sawynok
post fertilization. On day 7 post hatch larvae were Wildlife and Fisheries Management Institute, Mailstop
observed with high speed videography for response to 4125, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
either a single or series of taps at constant frequency. 79409
While latency of response did not demonstrate a dose Wilde, Gene [gene.wilde@ttu.edu]
response, Vmax decreased and length of response Symposium: Advances Type: Oral
period increased with increasing Hg concentrations. Growth and mortality of red emperor Lutjanus sebae
Hg-exposed larvae fatigued faster than control fish and fingermark sea perch Lutjanus johnii were studied
during 10-sec multiple stimuli tests. in Queensland, Australia using data from a cooperative
angler tagging program. Growth was modeled using
Underlying mechanisms and ecological the computer program GROTAG. Annual growth of
consequences of altered predator/prey fingermark sea perch (80.8 mm for fish 300-mm TL)
behavior in a polluted population of exceeded that among red emperor (49.9 mm for fish
mummichogs 280-mm TL). Growth rates were reduced in larger fish
Judith S. Weis of both species, with the greater decrease occurring in
Department of Biological Sciences red emperor. Annual mortality rates were estimated
74
for each species as the slope of the regression of the ug/g) increased Na+,K+-ATPase-1a expression in
natural log of number of recaptures and time at liberty. control fish. Furthermore, antagonism of
mineralocorticoid receptors with spironolactone
Social hierarchy and gender-related decreased the normal increase in expression after
behavioural physiology - response freshwater transfer. Therefore, cortisol may facilitate
to endocrine disruptors in freshwater fish freshwater acclimation in fish partly by increasing
Rod Wilson Na+,K+-ATPase expression, and may act via
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences mineralocorticoid receptors.
Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter
EXETER EX4 4PS UK Does individual variation in stress
Rod Wilson [R.W.Wilson@exeter.ac.uk] responsiveness and behavior reflect divergent
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral stress coping strategies in rainbow trout?
Male freshwater rainbow trout were exposed to 5-50 Svante Winberg, J. Schjolden, Ø. Øverli, T.G.
g/L of nonylphenol (oestrogenic agonist) in size- Pottinger
matched pairs for 1 week, which strongly elevated Department of Comparative Physiology Norbyv. 18A
plasma vitellogenin. Within pairs, subordination S-752 36 UPPSALA SWEDEN
(judged by body colour and aggression) was associated Svante.Winberg@ebc.uu.se
with higher plasma vitellogenin, supporting the Symposium: Stress Type: Oral
hypothesis that social hierarchy influences In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) the magnitude
susceptibility to toxicants. A seawater challenge, 3 of the cortisol response to stress shows a high degree
weeks after exposures had ceased, resulted in of heritability, and high responding (HR) and low
significantly worse hypo-osmoregulation in responding (LR) lines of rainbow trout has been
nonylphenol-exposed fish, indicating that even an generated through selective breading. In addition to
acute exposure can cause long-lasting physiological divergent post-stress plasma levels of cortisol, HR and
impairment. LR trout also differ in other neuroendocrine
parameters. LR fish show higher brain serotonin
Iono regulation in the glass eel (Anguilla turnover, and respond to acute stress with a larger
anguilla) increase in plasma catecholamines, than HR fish do.
Jonathan Wilson Moreover, a link between neuroendocrine stress
CIIMAR-Ecofisiologia, Rua dos Bragas 289 responses and behavioural traits is evident.
4050-123 Porto, Portugal
Jonathan Wilson [wilson_jm@cimar.org] The Biotic Ligand Model: Predicting metal
Symposium: Ions Type: Oral toxicity to fish in the real world
The glass eel is the juvenile stage in the life history of Chris M. Wood
the catadromous eel (Anguilla) that makes the Dept. of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton,
important transition from marine to freshwater. We Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
have studied the changes in osmoregulatory variables Chris M. Wood [woodcm@mcmaster.ca]
(branchial ATPase activies, ion content, water content) Symposium: Behaviour Type: Oral
in glass eels collected monthly from the Minho River The Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) is a new
estuary over a 3 year period. A comparison with computational approach for the generation of site-
resident juveniles (elvers) is also made. The role of specific acute Ambient Water Quality Criteria
cortisol in freshwater adaptation is also examined. (AWQC), which has been provisionally accepted by
the U.S.EPA for some metals (Cu, Ag). The BLM
Multiple roles of intestinal bicarbonate approach integrates basic principles in fish physiology,
secretion in marine teleosts aquatic geochemistry, and toxicology. Research on the
Rod Wilson physiological mechanism(s) of toxicity of Cu, Ag, Cd,
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Zn, Pb, and Ni in freshwater fish and daphnids will be
Hatherly Laboratories reviewed that has led to a BLM framework for these
University of Exeter metals. (Supported by NSERC Canada Strategic and
Exeter EX4 4PS CRD Grants NiPERA, ICA, CDA, ILZRO,
R.W.Wilson@exeter.ac.uk Falconbridge, Cominco, Noranda and Kodak Canada).
Symposium: Ions Type: Oral
Recent work in our laboratories have demonstrated that Rapid adaptation of the killifish (Fundulus
transfer of Fundulus heteroclitus from 30% seawater to heteroclitus) to salinity change
dilute freshwater increases Na+ influx progressively, Chris M. Wood
which occurs in conjunction with increased Na+,K+- Dept. of Biology, McMaster University,
ATPase-1a mRNA expression in the gills. We have Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
explored the mechanisms through which cortisol may woodcm@mcmaster.ca
regulate Na+,K+-ATPase expression and thus Na+ Symposium: Ions Type: Oral
flux after freshwater transfer. Injection of cortisol (75
75
The euryhaline killifish Fundulus heteroclitus lives in Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
estuaries and experiences rapid salinity fluctuations. The lakes on Risco island, Itacoatiara, AM, have been
We examined unidirectional flux rates of Na+ and Cl-, utilized for sustenance by riverine communities since
gill morphology, gill cell mitotic rate, and mRNA the 1980s. Fish community analysis has revealed a
levels for selected transporters in the gills and great richness and abundance of individuals. 1023
opercular epithelium for various periods after transfer specimens were caught and distributed in seven orders,
of killifish from 10% seawater to either 100% seawater 18 families, 38 genera, and 55 species. Shannon
or freshwater. (Supported by NSERC Discovery diversity was similar between high and low water,
Grants to CMW and PMS and NSF IBN-0111073 to whereas the Berger-Parker dominance diversity was
JBC). different with a higher value at low water. Hemiodus
“rabo vermelho” dominated at high water and
The effect of stress on reproductive function Triportheus elongatus at low water. The impact of
in domesticated male striped bass sustenance fishing on the fish communities in the lake
L. Curry Woods is discussed.
Department of Animal & Avian Sciences
University of Maryland, College Park, USA Trimethylamine oxide as an organic osmolyte
curry@umd.edu in deep-sea fishes: Correlations with depth
Symposium: Stress Type: Poster and stabilization of proteins under pressure
We examined male striped bass, selected for high Paul H. Yancey
(HCR) or low cortisol response (LCR) to a Whitman College, Walla Walla WA 99362 USA
standardized net stress challenge, to see if there were Paul H. Yancey [yancey@whitman.edu]
differences between the two groups related to Symposium: DeepSea Type: Oral
reproductive function. HCR striped bass had Most shallow teleosts have low organic osmolyte
significantly higher specific growth rates and plasma contents, e.g., 70 mmol/kg or less of TMAO
levels of both testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone (trimethylamine oxide). Our previous work showed
than LCRs. HCRs also began spermiation earlier and that TMAO contents increase with depth in muscles of
continued spermiating longer through the spawning several Pacific teleost families, to about 180 mmol/kg
season than LCRs. at 2.9 km depth. We now report that fishes from
greater depths fit the linear trend; e.g., Atlantic
Reasons of Exogenous Steroids Enhance grenadiers from 4.8 km contain 261 mmol/kg. We
Cu2+-Resistance in Tilapia Larvae have also found that TMAO counteracts the inhibitory
(Oreochromis mossambicus) effects of hydrostatic pressure on a variety of proteins.
Su Mei Wu New work shows that TMAO is a better stabilizer than
Department of Aquatic Biosciences, National Chiayi other common osmolytes (betaine and glycine).
University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C.
sumei@mail.ncyu.edu.tw Nutritional value of Potamotrygon motoro diet
Symposium: Behaviour Type: Poster (Chondrichthyes-Potamotrygonidae)
Tilapia larvae were reared with artificial feed Martha I. Yossa
containing 0, 50, 125 and 250 mg/kg cortisol or Depto de Morfologia.UFAM. Av. General Rodrigo
progesterone for 10 days. Both cortisol and Otávio Jordão 3000. Coroado
progesterone significantly increased Na+-K+-ATPase, martha yossa [maryossa@hotmail.com]
while only progesterone was able to increase the Symposium: Elasmobranchs Type: Poster
survival rates in larvae and whole body Na+, K+, and Potamotrygon motoro is a freshwater stingray, which
Ca2+ contents are retained for a prolonged period after exhibits a wide distribution in the Neotropical region.
Cu2+ challenge. Besides an increased larvae This species are found in diverse habitats where they
aldosterone level, the cortisol content was not are top predators of the food web. They exhibit a
enhanced after 10 days of oral progesterone treatment. variation in diet according with the change in their life
However, it was not found after exogenous cycle. Adult forms eat mainly crabs and fishes; the
administration of cortisol. We suggest that in addition juveniles ones eat small crustacean and aquatic insects.
to progesterone involvement in copper resistant The information collected includes aspects related to
mechanisms in tilapia larvae by ion retention, feeding habits and nutritional composition such as the
aldosterone effectively enhanced this mechanism. content of organic matter, hydrolysis resistant organic
matter, crude protein, lipids and carbohydrates. P.
Composition and diversity of fish from a motoro is one of six ornamental species of freshwater
managed lake in central Amazon stingrays exported legally from Brazil. This
Yamamoto, K. C.; Soares, M. G. M.; Freitas, C. E. C.; information will contribute to the development of
Pereira, H. S management procedures for keeping this species in
Coordenação de Biologia Aquática, Instituto Nacional captivity.
de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA
yamamoto@inpa.gov.br
76
Foraging behavior and swim speed of
northern pikeminnow
(Ptychocheilus oregonensis) in the Columbia
River, Washington, USA
Nathan Zorich
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences
University of Washington
zorich@u.washington.edu
Symposium: Locomotion Type: Poster
Active respiration is a large component of a fish‟s
energy budget, and yet field estimates of swimming
speed using traditional telemetry are based on three
assumptions: 1) Fish move in a straight line between
detections. 2) A stationary fish is inactive. 3) Water
current does not work for or against a fish.
Electromyogram (EMG) telemetry does not depend on
these assumptions, and measures activity (swimming
muscle contractions) unseen by traditional telemetry. I
used EMG telemetry to estimate diel swimming
speeds, and then use a previously developed
bioenergetics model to predict juvenile salmon
predation rates.
A survey of the fish fauna along the floodplain
of the Amazon River in Brazil
Jansen Zuanon, Luiz Claro Jr., Fernando P. Mendonça,
Efrem J. G. Ferreira and Lúcia H. Rapp Py-Daniel
Jansen Zuanon [zuanon@inpa.gov.br]
Symposium: Communities Type: Poster
The Amazon River floodplain harbors a huge diversity
of fishes, and its expansive geographical area, raise the
question of the possible existence of distinct
ichthyofaunal zones along its course. We surveyed the
fish fauna of 3,000 km of the Brazilian stretch of the
Amazon River floodplain by means of standardized
sampling in different habitats during the dry season of
2003. These samples contained more than 20,000 fish
of 250 species. Major differences were noted between
the upper and lower zones of the river, which can
possibly be explained by strong variations in abiotic
factors and the dynamics of the system.
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