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SmartPhone Thesis A Seminar
Supervisor: Peter Ho
Ansye Linardi 2275781
Ashwin Srinivasan 2277896
Endry Luis Djaja 2287066
Lydian Wati Sutadji 2287131
Yvonne Lee 2277889 1
Smartphone Seminar Outline
Smartphone Philosophy
Smartphone Comparisons
Smartphone System Design
– Microcontroller
• ARM Core
• Memory
– LCD
– Telephony Interface
– Connectivity to network and other devices
Current Progress
Schedule
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Smartphone Philosophy
“is to integrate the telephone system
with the processing power of a
computer system and to be able to
run various applications that
optimise communication within the
home or office.”
3
Smartphone Philosophy (cont)
Features included:
LCD to email and web browsing
Advanced call management (call
waiting, caller id, hands-free)
Digital answering machine
Least call cost routing
Connectivity (USB, Infra Red,
Ethernet, Wireless)
4
Existing “smartphone” products
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MulteLink Smartphone
Product Description:
Electronic telephone with WEB browsing and EMAIL capabilities.
“Least cost call routing” whereby the phone looks up the call cost
data for each of the call provider and adds the appropriate
prefixes to make the cheapest possible international calls.
Features:
56k Rockwell modem
Hands free telephone, caller ID
Backlit graphics LCD display
Slide out keyboard
USB port, and smart card interface.
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The Smile Phone & Web-i-Phone
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Comparisons of Smartphones
Color LCD
Smartphone Email/ Web Normal Connectivity
/ Touch External Interfaces
Type browsing Telephone (modem / LAN)
Screen
• smartcard reader
• multimedia card
SMILE Y Y Y Y
• audio earphones
• parallel interface for printer
• serial port
• smartmedia
WEB-i-
Y Y( voip ) Y (modem op) Y • infrared
Phone • smartcard reader
• digital answer machine
• USB port
MULTE • smartcard
Y Y Y (modem only) LCD only
LINK • slideout keyboard
• PCMCIA
• USB
• Infra red
Our
Y Y Y (wireless) Y • Audio
Proposal • Keyboard (PS2, USB,
infrared)
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Group’s Vision of the Smartphone
Requirements
We propose to base our design on
the multelink smartphone
to improve its design
allow use of least cost routing
add more “smart” features
The SmartPhone will act as a
communication hub for home and office
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Project Scope
In this scope of our project we aim to
provide a:
“ Proof of concept”
in building the hardware prototype
and prove that such a SmartPhone is
possible.
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The Smartphone Design
LCD/Touch Telephony Side External
Screen Devices
Memory What
Keyboard
Microcontroller?
Power Mgmt Keypad Handset
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Microcontrollers
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Microcontroller Requirements
Suitable microprocessor
Provides in built support for various
external interfaces
e.g. USB, serial ports
Built-in LCD controllers, SDRAM/FLASH
support etc.
Embedded debugging software
Power management
I.e. : SoC (System On Chip)
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Microprocessor Research
What is ARM ?
ARM (Advanced RISC Machines ) is
the industry's leading provider of 16/32-bit
embedded RISC microprocessors
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Why ARM?
ARM based processor is faster than
the current 68K chips.
can run up to 200 MHz – enabling robust
application such as wireless technologies to run
on it
15
Why choose ARM’s core?
Low power
Low system cost
Excellent code density
Global multi-vendor sourcing
Standardize architecture
High performance
Small CPU die size
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ARM Core Family Products
There are 5 product families of
ARM processor cores:
ARM7 Thumb Family
ARM9 Thumb Family
ARM9E Family
ARM10E Family
ARM11 Family
SecurCore Family
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ARM Core Family Products (cont)
The 5 product families can be categorized
into 3 system categories:
1. Embedded Real-time systems Cores
2. Open Platforms Cores
3. Secure Applications Cores
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ARM Core Family Products (contd)
Cache Size Tightly Memory AHB Bus Clock
Coupled
(Inst/Data) Memory Management Interface Thumb DSP Jazelle MHz **
Embedded Cores
ARM7TDMI No No No Yes* Yes No No 133
Platform Cores
ARM720T 8K unified No MMU Yes Yes No No 100
ARM920T 16K/16K No MMU Yes* Yes No No 250
ARM922T 8K/8K No MMU Yes* Yes No No 250
Intel ARM-based
Processors
StrongARM 16K/8K No MMU N/A No No No 206
Intel XScale 32K/32K No MMU N/A Yes Yes No 400
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ARM Core Family Products (contd)
Our group particularly interested in 2 arm cores
from the selected arm-core table
They are ARM920T and ARM922T
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ARM Core Selection Consideration
Factors
Fast speed
A member of Thumb technology family
Have a cache (Instruction/Data)
Have Memory Management Unit (MMU)
Samples of application that may use this
particular processor.
The availability of the microcontroller products
that contain these processors.
Have embedded JTAG debug capability
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Considered ARM based Microcontrollers:
Sharp LH7A404
ARM922T Core
Samsung S3C2410X
ARM920T Core
Motorola MC9328MX1
ARM920T Core
>> “DragonBallMX1” <<
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DragonBall MC9328MX1
Memory Map
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Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
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LCD requirements for Smartphone
1. Viewing purposes/coloured display
Email and web browsing
Applications
Display cheapest call costs and bills
2. Touch Panel Interface
Alternative to a “mouse”
Dial without keypad
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Overview of LCD Technology
Passive Active Matrix
Matrix (STN) (TFT)
Addressing Multiplex Direct/Active
Resolution Low High
Power Low High
Consumption
Cost Low High
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LCD Models Considered:
1. Sharp TFT LCD touchscreen: Direct interface from
Model: “LQ05703DC02” “DragonBall MX1”
320x240 Not Chosen: Too expensive
QVGA
and hard to get.
cost: US$455.05
2. Hitachi LCD touchscreen:
Chosen: Much cheaper than
Model: “SP10Q003-T”
Sharp and availability from
320X240 many distributors.
STN Colour graphic display Reason:
Need only an inexpensive
cost: AU$261.75 LCD as our group intends to
use it for proof of design and
it interfaces with our
microprocessor
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Telephone and Modem System
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POTS/Modem Requirements:
Make phone call
Modem / Fax
Caller Id, Call Waiting
Answering machine
Billing detection / Call Duration
Video Conference (Optional)
Downloadable Ring Tone (Optional)
To comply with Australian standards
Fulfil telephone safety requirement
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Pots (Plain Old Telephone Service)
Basic Design
Micro Keypad
Phone and tone
Duplex Coil generator
Speaker
Wall Hook
Switch
Tip Line
Interface Ringer
Ring
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Modem, Fax and Caller Id
• Modem is a peripheral device which
enables transmitting digital data through
telephone line.
Digital Signal Analog Signal
Modulation
Telephone
Analog Signal Line
Digital Signal
Demodulation
32
Modem, Fax and Caller Id (cont)
Fax Machine Mechanism
• Optical Scanning
• Signal Encoding
• Modulation
• Signal Transmission
• Demodulation
• Decoding
• Copy Making
33
Modem, Fax and Caller Id (cont)
Caller Id is the identification of the
originating subscriber line.
Two types of Caller Id
• Caller Id Type I
• Caller Id Type II
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Modem, Fax and Caller Id (cont)
Caller Id mechanism:
• Caller Id Information received as analog
signal
• Modem Decodes the analog signal into
standard 8 bit ASCII character
• Caller Id Information is displayed on the
LCD
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Telephone Safety Requirement
Telephone regulations require high
voltage barrier between telephone line
side (high voltage)and digital device
side(low voltage)
Three kinds of implementation
• Transformer
• Optical Isolation
• DAA ( Direct Access Arrangement )technology
36
DAA Technology
Philosophy
Use of a high voltage capacitor to isolate low
voltage section from the high voltage section
Basic Design of DAA technology
DAA Isolation
Barrier
Microprocessor System Line Phone
Interface Interface Line
Low Voltage High Voltage
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DAA Technology (cont)
Why using DAA ?
– Isolation barrier used is lighter, smaller,
cheaper and has better densities compare to
transformer
– Can fulfill wide variety of telephone application
such as FAX, Modem, Caller Id, etc
– Provides Programmable line interface to meet
global line requirements
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Pots/Modem Implementation
Two types of Implementation
– Discrete components
– Modem Chipset
In this project Modem chipset is used
to implement Pots/Modem section
due to simplicity reason
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Modem Chipset
Points of consideration
– Availability
– Features supported
– Meet Australia telephone regulations
and standards
– Price
– Compatible with microprocessor
Dragon Ball (MX9328MX1)
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Modem Chipset (cont)
Modem Chipset Considered
– SmartV.XX Modem chipset (Conexant)
• CX81801 Modem Chip
• SmartDAA Integrated DAA chip
• Voice Codec chip (optional)
– ISOmodem Chipset (Silicon laboratories)
• Si24XX Modem Chipset
• Si3015 Integrated DAA chip
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Modem Chipset (cont)
Features SmartV.XX ISOmodem
Integrated DAA X X
Caller Id X X
Programmable Firmware X X
Fax X ?
DTMF detection X ?
Call Waiting detection X ?
Package 128 pin TQFP 24 pin TQFP
CODEC included X X
Availability ? ?
Price ? ?
Meet Australian Telephone Standards X X
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Connectivity and External Devices
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Connectivity Options
Need to allow connectivity for external I/O
devices such as keyboards, printers,
scanners etc
Also need to allow for network/LAN
connectivity
Trade-off between flexibility and
complexity/price
44
External I/O Devices
USB ports – almost all types of I/O devices
nowadays connect via the USB port(eg-
printers, keyboards etc)
Standard serial port – Unlikely to be used,
but is there if necessary
45
External I/O Devices (cont)
Infrared interface – Convenient for
wireless keyboards and mice
Our design will probably directly support a
PS/2 keyboard interface through the use
of an AVR chip
46
Network Connectivity
Main requirements are flexibility and high
bandwidth (>56kbps)
Standard 10/100BaseT ethernet/LAN
interface
PCMCIA interface for wireless LAN
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Network Connectivity (cont)
Fallback option of external
modems/routers/hubs that can be
connected via the ethernet or USB ports
Considered built-in ADSL modem but this
doesn’t seem feasible
48
Connectivity Design Challenges
Ideally would like to directly support as
many network and I/O devices/options as
possible
External devices such as cable/ADSL
modems take up physical desk space
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Connectivity Design Challenges (cont)
Writing/porting device drivers for external
devices is also a problem
However, for cost and complexity reasons,
convenient features like in built ADSL are
not going to be supported
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Functional Diagram
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Project Progress
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Original Schedule:
Tasks wk3 wk4 wk5 wk6 wk7 wk8 wk9 wk10 wk11 wk12 wk13 wk14 wk15+
Requirements draft Final
Feasibility Studies
Analysis-research
Design
Protel Layout of
PCB
Implementation
and Testing
Operations and
Evaluation
54
Current Status
High-level overview of progress
against schedule
– On-track in finding most of the
hardware requirements
– Behind in deciding POTS design
– Hence, unable to begin protel design
Unexpected delays – POTS/ADSL
decision
55
Plan for Thesis B:
What we expect to accomplish in
Thesis B:
A working hardware prototype
Proof of Design using simple software
routines
A scope for further research after our
work, a legacy to continue building
OS and further enhancements etc.
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Question Time:
Any Questions?
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