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International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 001
EFFECT OF PROCESSING CONDITION ON THE MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF KENAF LONG FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC
COMPOSITE BY USING COMPRESSION MOULDING MACHINE
Bernard Maringgal1, Khalina Abdan1, Siti Hasnah Kamaruddin2,
Faizal Abdul Rahman3
1
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
3
Malaysian Nuclear Agency
Email: bernardmar84@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Kenaf long fiber was used for manufacturing of composite material and polypropylene was
used as a binding material. Kenaf long fiber and polypropylene could be transformed for a
wide variety of application with properties that comparable to existing synthesis composite.
The effect of variation in processing condition (temperature, speed and pressure) on
mechanical properties was examined. The composite was manufactured by compress
moulding machine which this method are put to practice through utilization of the behavior
of thermoplastic melt flow with changes of processing pressure and material loading method.
The composite fabricated at high temperature moulding showed improvement in mechanical
properties and morphology structures and it provided an opportunity for replacing existing
materials with a higher strength, lower cost alternative that is environmentally friendly.
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 1
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 002
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION TOOL FOR METAL
MATRIX COMPOSITE BY INVESTMENT CASTING
1 2 2
Taufik , S. Sulaiman , T. A. Abdullah
1,3
Department of Manufacturing Design, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering,
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 75450 Hang Tuah Jaya, Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia
2
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: taufik@utem.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Tool designers must select the proper materials to ensure the suitability of their tool designs.
The major considerations are the adaptability, durability, and economy of the materials.
Ferrous metals make up the largest group of tool material in common use. Cast iron, alloy
steel, and tool steel are general terms that cover a wide range of materials in designing of
production tools for manufacturing industries. Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) is produced
normally by melting the matrix material in a vessel and the molten metal is stirred
systematically to form a vortex, and then the reinforcement particles are introduced through
the side of vortex formed. This study proposes the new methodology in designing of
production tool for MMC by investment casting. As a result, the use of computer programs
for determining the wax pattern dimensions based on three-dimensional finite-element
simulation is described.
Keywords: Metal matrix composite; design; production tool; investment casting
2 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 003
FATIGUE STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT OF MIG-WELDED JOINT BY
SHOT PEENING
Nur Azida Che Lah, Aidy Ali
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: aidy@eng.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
In this study, the effect of controlled shot peening (CSP) treatment on the fatigue strength of
an ASTM A516 grade 70 carbon steel MIG-welded joint have been studied quantitatively.
Metallurgical modifications, hardness, elemental compositions, and internal discontinuities,
such as porosity, inclusions, lack of penetration, and undercut found in treated and untreated
fusion welded joints, were characterized. The fatigue results of as-welded and peened
skimmed joints were compared. It was observed that the effect of the CSP and skimming
processes improved the fatigue life of the fusion weld by 63% on MIG-welded samples.
Keywords: controlled shot peening; ASTM A516 grade 70; Metal Inert Gas (MIG)
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 3
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 004
EFFECT OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE ON MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR
RENEWABLE RAPESEED AND SUNFLOWER POLYURETHANE
Anika Z. Mohd Rus
Faculty of Engineering Mechanical and Manufacturing
University Tun Hussein Onn (UTHM), JOHOR, Malaysia
Email: zafiah@uthm.edu.my,anika63@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
The rate of deterioration of the physical properties of any polymer is dependent on the
duration and conditions of the exposure of the polymer to heat or light, as well as on the
nature of the chemical processes involved. During the past year, mechanical testing using the
tensile test and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) on different grades of the renewable
polyurethane polymer has been conducted. The tensile strength and Young’s Modulus
(stiffness) measurements of the polymer show that the renewable rapeseed based
polyurethane has properties comparable to commercially exploited polymers. Incorporation
into the polymer of titanium dioxide gives greater stiffness, but reduction in tensile strength,
as the percentage of titanium dioxide is increased in the polyurethane. The level of
mechanical damping is higher for the TiO2 composite when compared with the neat
polyurethane. Different grades of polyurethane and formulations were prepared with the aim
to give either a weather-degradable material or an extended lifetime of the end use of the
product. This is to achieve an extended lifetime, or conversely a weather-degradable
polyurethane. Different grades and formulations of the polymer will be prepared to achieve
an aesthetically pleasing material, but with either a shorter or extended lifetime.
Keywords: Polyurethanes, damping, titanium dioxide, rapeseed.
4 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 005
THE PREPARATION AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF
STRONTIUM TITANATE
Wong Swee Yin, Jumiah Hassan, Mansor Hashim
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
Email: ellenwong23@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Strontium titanate, SrTiO3 samples which prepared using conventional solid state reaction
method were sintered at 1200°C for 10 hours while 800°C for using sol-gel method. The
crystalline structure of samples was determined using XRD. The grain sizes of samples were
determined using AFM and SEM. The dielectric properties of samples were measured using
HP 4192A Impedance Analyzer in frequency range 10 Hz to 1 MHz and Agilent 4291B
Impedance/material Analyzer in frequency range 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz. The results showed that
sample prepared by sol-gel method produced better dielectric properties which may be due to
the smaller grain sizes. The comparisons of dielectric properties and microstructures for
samples prepared with different methods are discussed.
Keywords: strontium titanate; dielectric properties; microstructures
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 5
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 006
DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF THERMAL STABILITY IN ALUMINIUM
TITANATE (Al2TiO5)
Z.Oo1, I. M. Low2, B.O’Connor2
1
Department of Science and Mathematics, School of Engineering and Science,
Curtin University of Technology, Sarawak Malaysia
2
Centre for Material Research, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics,
Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
Email: zeya.oo@curtin.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Al2TiO5 is an excellent refractory and thermal shock resistant material due to its relatively
low thermal expansion coefficient (1 10-6 °C-1) and high melting point (1860°C).
However, Al2TiO5 is only thermodynamically stable above 1280°C and undergoes a
eutectoid-like decomposition to -Al2O3 and TiO2 (rutile) at the temperature range of 900-
1280°C. Hitherto, the effect of grain size and atmosphere on the kinetics of decomposition is
poorly understood but experimental evidences suggest a nucleation and growth controlled
process.
In this paper, the results on the effect of grain size, controlled atmosphere on the isothermal
thermal stability of Al2TiO5 at 1100°C and the in-situ self-recovery during re-heating, its
decomposition behavior in the temperature range 20-1500°C are presented. The
temperature-dependence thermal stability and isothermal decomposition of Al2TiO5 have
been dynamically monitored and characterized using neutron diffraction to study the
structural changes occurring during phase decomposition in real time.
Keywords: Aluminium titanate (Al2TiO5); grain size; decomposition; thermal stability
6 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 007
THE PREPARATION, DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES AND MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES OF Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 -POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITE
Tan Foo Khoon1, Jumiah Hassan1, Mansor Hashim1 Nurhidayaty Mokhtar1,
Azowa Ibrahim2
1
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
Email: fookhoon1202@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
Nickel zinc ferrite, Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 samples which prepared using conventional solid state
reaction method were sintered at 1200°C for 10 hours. The dielectric properties of samples
were measured using HP 4192A Impedance Analyzer in frequency range 10 Hz to 1 MHz in
different temperature. The dielectric properties and magnetic properties were measured
using Agilent 4291B Impedance/material Analyzer in frequency range 1 MHz to 1.8 GHz.
The results showed that the composite obtained better dielectric and magnetic properties due
to the doped of nickel zinc ferrite. Microwave properties of the composite are discussed.
Keywords: Nickel zinc ferrite; dielectric properties; magnetic properties; microwave
properties
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 7
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 008
BIOCOMPOSITES FROM POLYPROPYLENE/CLAY/EVA
POLYMERS AND KENAF NATURAL FIBER
Siti Hasnah Kamarudin1, Khalina Abdan2, Bernard Maringgal2, Jamaliah Sharif3, Wan Md.
Zin Wan Yunus4
1
Laboratory Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product,
Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Radiation Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang,
Selangor, Malaysia
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang,
43400 Selangor, Malaysia
Email: bintang_hatiku99@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
There is an increasing need to investigate more environmental friendly, sustainable materials
to replace existing materials as industry attempts to lessen the dependence on petroleum
based fuels and products. The natural fiber composites offer specific properties comparable
to those of conventional fiber composites. In this experiment, mixing process of
polymer/nanoclay composites from polypropylene, organoclay and ethylene vinyl acetate
were prepared using a Brabender twin screw compounder. The composites pellets were then
laminated with kenaf fibers and subjected to hot and cold press machine to form a
biocomposite. The mechanical properties such as flexural and impact strength are compare
favourably between polymers reinforced kenaf fiber and polymers without kenaf fiber. In
addition, various analysis techniques were used to characterize the dispersion and the
properties of nanocomposites, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These results suggest
that kenaf fibers are a viable alternative to inorganic mineral-based reinforcing fibers as
long as the right processing conditions are used and they are used in applications where the
higher water absorption is not critical.
Keywords: Biocomposites; natural fibre; mechanical properties; dispersion
8 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 009
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER/TALC
NANOCOMPOSITES BY CHEMICAL METHOD
M. Darroudi1, K. Shameli2, W. M. Z. W. Yunus2, M. H. Ahmad2, A. H. Abdullah1,2, N. A.
Ibrahim2
1
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology
(ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: majiddarroudi@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
We were prepared silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in layered Talc by using a chemical
reducing agent. For synthesis of Ag/talc nanocomposites we used silver nitrate, talc and
sodium tetrahydridoborate respectively to serve as precursor, substrate and reducing agent.
The properties of Ag/talc nanocomposites were studies as a function of the NaBH4
concentration. The aqueous sols of Ag NPs prepared at different amounts of NaBH4 display
different surface plasmon resonance (SPR) behavior. This is explained in terms of size and
size distributions of Ag NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis) and
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate produced structures include metallic
crystalline Ag NPs. The synthesized Talc suspensions containing Ag NPs are stable up to
several months and have potential applications as antibacterial activity.
Keywords: Nanocomposite; Surface plasmon resonance; Ag NPs
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 9
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 010
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER/TALC NANOCOMPOSITES BY
USING UV-IRRADIATION METHOD
K. Shameli1, M. Darroudi2, M. H. Ahmad1, W. M. Z. W. Yunus1, A. H. Abdullah1,2, N. A.
Ibrahim1
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology
(ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: kamyarshameli@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Integration of “Green chemistry” principles into nanotechnology is one of the important
issues in nanoscience research today. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are useful in areas such
as photography, catalysis, biological labeling, photonics, optoelectronics and Surface-
Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) detection. In this study, we have successfully developed
a simple method for preparing Ag NPs by using UV irradiation of AgNO3 in interlamellar
space of layered Talc without any addition of reduction agent or heat treatment. The
properties of Ag/Talc nanocomposites were studies as a function of the UV irradiation time.
The aqueous sols of Ag NPs prepared at different irradiation time display different surface
plasmon resonance (SPR) behavior. This is explained in terms of size and size distributions of
silver nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis) and
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate produced structures include metallic
crystalline Ag NPs.
Keywords: Green synthesis; UV-irradiation; Ag NPs
10 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 011
LOW FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC STUDIES OF BARIUM
TITANATE/MONTMORILLONITE COMPOSITES AT 303 TO 573 K
J. Hassan, L.P. Mun, A. See, M. Hashim, N. Mokhtar
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
Email: jumiah@fsas.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Barium titanate/montmorillonite pellets of 50% barium titanate and 50% montmorillonite
were sythesized by conventional solid state method. Barium titanate powders were pre-
sintered at 1200C and sintered at 1300C. The pellets were finally sintered at 1000C. The
dielectric properties were measured using HP4192A LF Impedance Analyzer at frequencies
10 Hz to 1 MHz at temperatures 303 to 573 K. The dielectric constant and loss factor
decrease with increasing frequency and show temperature dependence. The effect of
frequency and temperature are not independent. The combined effect resulted in a sudden
increase in the dielectric constant at the low frequency end with increasing temperature.
This probably corresponds to both ion jump orientation effect and space charge effects
resulting from the increased concentration of charge carriers. The loss factor exhibits a
unique temperature and frequency dependence.
Keywords: Dielectric constant; Loss factor; montmorillonite
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 11
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 012
PROTECTIVE AND DECORATIVE COLORED ANODIZED
ALUMINUM FILMS
T.T. Kyaw 1, K.M.Naing2, N. Win2
1
Thanlyin Technological University, Yangon, Myanmar
2
Yangon University, Yangon, Myanmar
Email: tinakyaw@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Coloring Anodized Aluminum is one of the superior metal technologies offers a
comprehensive range of anodized aluminum services to a wide range of customers as anodize
finishes have various clear anodize options available along with coloring options.
Anodizing is used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of metal
parts. It increases corrosion resistance, wears resistance and provides the alloy with
extremely hard, durable, environmentally safe. In this paper aluminum oxide film was
prepared by anodic oxidation in sulphuric acid bath with various concentrations, the time
frame of anodizing, temperature and applied current. The appearance of the colored
anodized films formed has been compared and various factors controlling the decorative
properties of colored film have been determined.
The thicknesses of anodic oxide film, coating weight per unit area and coating ratio of anodic
oxide film variation were determined with respect to the different electrolyte concentrations,
anodizing time, anodizing temperature and applied current by using the thickness
determination formula. The appearance of the colored anodized films formed have been
investigated and it was found that the color appearance was affected by electrolyte
concentrations, time of anodizing, applied current and bath temperature.
Keywords: Anodized aluminum films; sulphuric acid; coloring electrolysis; coating weight
per unit area; Coating ratio
12 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 013
DEVELOPING SURFACE ROUGHNESS MODEL WHEN MICRO
MILLING OF MACHINABLE GLASS CERAMIC
M. Mohan Reddy1, K.A. Abou-El-Hossein2, G.Rajamohana, Alexander Gorin1
1
Mechanical Engineering Department, Curtin University of Technology (Malaysia Campus),
CDT 250, Miri, Sarawak, 98009, Malaysia.
2
Mechanical & Aeronautical Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 002, South Africa.
E-mail: mohan.m@curtin.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Advanced ceramics of Machinable glass ceramic is attractive material to produce high
accuracy miniaturized components for many applications in various industries such as
aerospace, electronics, biomedical, automotive and environmental communications due to
their wear resistance, high hardness, high compressive strength, good corrosion resistance
and excellent high temperature properties. Many research works have been conducted in the
last few years to investigate the performance of different machining operations when
processing various advanced ceramics. Micro end-milling is one of the machining methods to
meet the demand of micro parts. Selecting proper machining parameters are important to
obtain good surface finish during machining of Machinable glass ceramic. Therefore, this
paper describes the development of predictive model for the surface roughness of Machinable
glass ceramic in terms of speed, feed and depth of cut by using micro end-milling operation.
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 13
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 014
OPTIMIZATION OF SYNTHESIS CONDITION FOR CARBON
NANOTUBES BY CATALYTIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
Setareh Monshi Toussi1, A. Fakhru’l-Razi2
1
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology,
University Putra Malaysia, 43300 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: sm_toosi@yahoo.com, fakhrul@eng.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Carbon Nanotubes were synthesis by Chemical Vapor Deposition on Fe-Mo-MgO catalyst by
using ethanol (C2H5OH) as a carbon source and argon as a carrier gas. The Reaction
conditions are important factors that influence the yield and quality of carbon nanotube. The
effects of temperature, synthesis time and flow rate of carrier gas were investigated to
increase the yield of carbon nanotubes.
Keywords: Carbon Nanotubes; Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).
14 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 015
THE EFFECT OF MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR IMPROVING
THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYBRID BIO-COMPOSITE
MATERIAL
M.M.Davoodi1, S.M. Sapuan1, D. Ahmad2, A. Aidy1, A. Khalina2
1
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400
UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail: davoodi@eng.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
The application of bio-composite has continuously increased during recent years in different
industries. Their low density, biodegradability, good formability and cost are particularly
attractive for different applications in building, automotive and sporting goods. However, a
major limitation to use of these materials in structural components is low mechanical
performance. Sometimes product requirements are in direct conflict with bio-composite
material able to provide the desired properties profile. So, designers are using hybrid
composites to combine different types of reinforcements to achieve higher performance and
also reduce the cost. Hybrid bio-composite material use to occupy spaces on low mechanical
properties of monolithic materials. It allows innovative design solutions and improvements in
performance, promoting the individual properties of the component materials.
There are some investigations for identifying the parameters that improve the mechanical
properties of hybrid bio-composites materials. The effect of laminate configuration,
manufacturing procedure, fiber treatment and better adhesion between different material or
layers has some of the most important factors to approach better performance. Hybrid
components are relatively difficult to form and often a processing challenge because of
different material behavior in production. Combination of different manufacturing method,
optimization of manufacturing parameters is a guide to improve the mechanical properties.
This research is focused on effect of manufacturing method for improving the mechanical
properties of hybrid bio-composite materials.
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 15
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 016
STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AlN ON
Si(111) GROWN BY RF-PAMBE
N.H. Abd. Raof, S.S. Ng, H. Abu Hassan, Z. Hassan
Nano-Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
11800 Penang.
Email: nurulhusna_raof@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
We present the effect of different growth durations on the structural and optical properties of
AlN grown on Si(111) by radio-frequency plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (RF-
PAMBE). The effect of the growth durations include surface roughness, islands size, full
width half maximum (FWHM) and optical phonon modes. The structural quality and surface
morphology were characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy
(AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD measurement revealed that the AlN
was epitaxially grown on Si(111). The surface of the AlN epilayer was smooth without any
cracks and pits. To investigate the crystalline quality of the epilayers, the XRD rocking curve
was also carried out in this study to measure FWHM. These studies indicate that the
structural quality of the films is comparative to that reported in the literature. The thickness
of the AlN epilayer increased with increasing growth duration for 15 ,30, and 45 minutes
which was measured by Filmetrics F20- VIS. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
has been used to investigate the A1(LO) and E1(TO) modes with frequencies (890-899) cm-1
and (668-688) cm-1 respectively. The results are in good agreement with reported phonon
energies of AlN grown on Si(111).
Keywords: III-Nitrides; RF-PAMBE; XRD; FTIR
16 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 017
VARIATION OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR THROUGH THE
THICKNESS OF PLATE
A. A. Oshkour, B.B.Sahari, Aidy Ali
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: azim_120@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Stress intensity factor (SIF) is one of the most important parameters in fracture mechanics.
Therefore there is essential request on investigation of the behaviour of SIF. Due to extensive
and practical usage of plate structures in components, hence the behaviour of SIF through
the thickness of plate has been done. The three dimensional (3D) plate has simulated in
ABAQUS finite element software. Crack tip has been meshed by 20 quarter node elements.
The results presented that the SIF in free surfaces of plate had minimum value and variation
of SIFs was approximately constant through the thickness of plate.
Keywords: Stress intensity factor (SIF); Fracture Mechanics; Plate; Thickness; Three
dimensional (3D)
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 17
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 018
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE
POLY (LACTIC ACID)/MODIFIED LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE
NANOCOMPOSITES
Eili Mahboobeh, Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus, Zobir Hossein, Mansor Ahmad, Norazowa
Ibrahim
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
Email: mahboobeh161355@yahoo.ca
ABSTRACT
Polymer nanocomposites are a class of hybrid composites composed of organic polymer
matrices in which a small amount (typically less than 5%) of inorganic particles with at least
one of their dimensions is in nanoscale are embodied. In this study, a new nanocomposite of
poly(lactic acid) / layered double hydroxide (PLA/LDH) was prepared via solution
intercalation process using a modified LDH. The anionic clay Mg 3Al-NO3-LDH was
prepared by a co-precipitation method and then modified by ion exchange process in a
sodium stearate solution. Inorganic LDH particles were then homogeneously dispersed in
PLA matrix by a solution casting method. The stearate-LDH was characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy which suggested that
the modification was successful. The XRD analysis showed that the basal spacing of the
LDH increased to 31.68 Å. The PLA/LDH nanocomposites were characterized by tensile
testing, XRD, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained nanocomposites showed
improved tensile strength, modulus and dramatic enhancements in elongation at break as
compared to those of the pure PLA. XRD and TEM results indicated that the material
formed are nanocomposites.
Keywords: PLA; nanocomposite; LDH
18 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 019
ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED ROTATING DISKS WITH
CONCAVE THICKNESS APPLYING AN EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
AND THE MORI-TANAKA SCHEME
M. Bayat1,2, B. B. Sahari1,2, M. Saleem3, E. Dezvareh4
1
Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang
Selangor ,Malaysia
2
Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400
UPM, Serdang Selangor ,Malaysia
3
Department of Applied Mathematics, Z.H. College of Engineering and Technology, A.M.U.,
India
4
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Ravand
Street, Kashan, P.O.BOX: 87317-51167, Iran
Email: bayat@eng.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
In this paper, a semi-analytical investigation intended to determine the axisymmetric elastic
response of functionally graded disks is carried out. The Material properties of the disk are
assumed to be graded continuously along the radial direction. An exponential function and
the Mori-Tanaka scheme are used for estimating the effective material properties. Two kinds
of functionally graded materials namely metal-ceramic and ceramic-metal are considered.
Hollow disks are considered and the solutions for the displacements and stresses are given
under appropriate boundary conditions. The effects of the material grading index n and the
geometry of the disk on the displacements and stresses are investigated. The results in metal-
ceramic and ceramic-metal FGMs are compared. These results show that radial
displacement in Ceramic-Metal functionally graded (FG) disks are smaller than those in
Metal-Ceramic FG disks. These results suggest that a rotating functionally graded disk with
parabolic concave thickness profile can be more efficient than the one with uniform
thickness.
Keywords: Rotating disk; Variable thickness; Elasticity; Mori-Tanaka
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 19
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 020
PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AND XRD CRYSTALLINE STUDIES OF
InxAlyGa1-x-yN QUATERNARY ALLOYS
S.K. Mohd Bakhori, N.H. Abd. Raof, S.S. Ng, H. Abu Hassan, Z. Hassan
Nano-Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, School of Physics,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Email: skmb@notes.usm.my
ABSTRACT
Recently, InxAlyGa1-x-yN quaternary alloy have attracted much research interest because of
the great flexibility in tailoring their band gap profile while maintaining their lattice-
matching and structural integrity. In this paper, we present the study of crystalline quality of
InxAlyGa1-x-yN quaternary alloys by using Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and X-ray
diffraction (XRD). The quaternary InxAlyGa1-x-yN alloys were grown on sapphire by
molecular beam epitaxy with indium (In) mole fraction x ranging from 0 to 0.1 and constant
aluminium (Al) mole fraction (y = 0.06). Experimental results show the full width at half
maximum (FWHM) of photoluminescence peak increased as the In composition is increased
that could indicate the decreased of the quality of the samples probably due to point defects
leading to non-uniformity of the quaternary layers. XRD diffraction peaks show the Bragg
angle of the (0002) InxAlyGa1-x-yN peak gradually decreased as the In compositions
increased, indicating the increase in the lattice constant c of the alloys. By analyzing the
FWHM of the photoluminescence peak and (0002) InxAlyGa1-x-yN diffraction peaks, the
variation of crystalline quality of the InAlGaN epilayers as a function of In composition is
described.
Keywords: III-Nitrides; Quaternary alloys; Photoluminescence; HRXRD
20 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 021
UTILIZATION OF MICRONISED BIOMASS SILICA IN RECYCLED
AGGREGATE CONCRETE
A. Suraya Hani1, L. Yee Loon1, A.R. Ismail1, M.S. Hamidah2, S.Mia Wimala1
1
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering UTHM Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: suraya@uthm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
To produce a good concrete, it should have a good performance in strength and durability.
Recycled Aggregate Concrete or RAC is concrete which has been recognised to have lower
performance in strength and durability than Natural Aggregate Concrete (Fraaij et.al, 2002:
Kenai et.al., 2002 ). This paper discussed on Micronised Biomass Silica (MBS) as a
replacement cement material in RAC. MBS was used to increase durability characteristics
which focused on water permeability. It was found that MBS could increase strength of RAC
and reduce water permeability of RAC.
Keywords: Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Micronised Biomass Silica, Strength, Water
Permeability
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 21
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 022
BENDING BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE BEAM WITH COLD FORM
STEEL I-SECTION
Norhafizah Salleh, Mohd Irwan Juki, Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim, Koh Heng Boon,
Roslan Kolop
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
Malaysia (UTHM), Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Email: nhafizah@uthm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
An efficient and innovative floor system of built-up cold-formed steel (CFS) sections acting
compositely with a concrete deck slab has been developed to provide an alternative
composite system for floors and roofs in buildings. The system, called Precast Cold-Formed
Steel-Concrete Composite System, is designed to rely on composite action between the CFS
sections and a reinforced concrete deck where shear forces between them are effectively
transmitted via another innovative shear transfer enhancement mechanism called a bent-up
triangular tab shear transfer (BTTST). BTTST provides an alternative connector system
unique to CFS where CFS sections are usually thinner than hot-rolled sections and welding
of headed-stud shear connectors is inapplicable. Coupled with the back-to-back
arrangement of two CFS channels where symmetricity of the built-up section is restored, the
resulting composite floor system has been proven to possess adequate strength, stiffness and
ductility properties under static loads. The flexural bending test results of 15 specimens were
done. The work has shown specimens employed with BTTST increase the strength capacities
and reduced end slip of the specimens as compared to those relying only on a natural bond
between cold-formed steel and concrete.
Keywords: Cold-formed steel (CFS); Composite beams; Shear transfer mechanisms;
Precast beams
22 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 023
BONDING STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF ADHESIVELY-TIMBER
JOINT WITH THIXOTROPIC AND ROOM TEMPERATURE CURED
EPOXY BASED ADHESIVE REINFORCED WITH NANO- AND
MICRO-PARTICLES
Z. Ahmad1, M. P. Ansell2, D. Smedley3
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia, 40450 Shah Alam
Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, United Kingdom
3
Rotafix Ltd, Abercraf, Swansea, United Kingdom
E-mail: zakiahah@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
This research work is concerned with in situ bonded-in timber connection using pultruded
rod; where the manufacturing of such joint required adhesive which can produce thick glue-
lines, do not allow any use of pressure and heat. Four types of thixotropic (for ease
application) and room temperature cured epoxy based were used namely CB10TSS (is
regarded as standards adhesive), Nanopox (is modification of CB10TSS with addition of
nanosilica), Albipox (is modification of CB10TSS with addition of liquid rubber) and
Timberset (an epoxy-based adhesive with addition of micro-size ceramic particles).
The quality of the adhesive bonds was accessed using block shear test in accordance with
ASTM D905. The bond strength depends on how good the adhesive wet the timber surface.
Therefore the viscosity and contact angle was also measured. The addition of nano- and
microfiller additions increased the bond strength significantly. The viscosity correlates well
with contact angle measurements where lower viscosities are associated with lower contact
angles. However contact angle contradicts with measured strength and wettability.
Keywords: thixotropic; epoxy-based adhesive; nano and micro-particle; bonded-in timber
connection
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 23
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 024
NATURAL FREQUENCY OF F.G. RECTANGULAR PLATE
A. Shahrjerdi1, F. Mustapha2, M. Bayat1
1
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
Email: keyvan_keyvan2008@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Natural frequency of functionally graded rectangular plate is carried out by using second-
order shear deformation theory. The material properties of functionally graded rectangular
plates, except the Poisson’s ratio, are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of
the plate in accordance with the exponential law distribution; and the equations of motion
are obtained by energy method. Numerical results for functionally graded plates are given in
dimensionless graphical forms and the effects of material properties on natural frequency are
determined.
Keywords: Functionally graded material; Second Order Shear Deformation; Natural
frequency; rectangular plate
24 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 025
PARTICLES SIZE AND CONDUCTIVITY STUDY OF p-TYPE
COPPER (I) IODIDE (CuI) THIN FILM FOR SOLID STATE DYE-
SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS
A.R. Zainun1, 2, M.H. Mamat1, M. Rusop1
1
Solar Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA
(UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP)
Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Email: ayib_rosdi@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
CuI based dye sensitize solar cells (DSSSCs) has been reported either deliver small
photocurrents or highly unstable. In this research, by added in a small amount of
Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMED) into sol-gel (CuI in ecetonitrile), performance of
photocurrent and stability of CuI based DSSCs have been studied. Particles size and
conductivity of CuI solution were measured at which the sol concentrated and addition of
TMED to the sol at different concentrations. Spin-coating technique has been explored to
prepare nano-crystalline CuI films at room temperature. The film was examined for their
surface morphology, optical and electrical properties by scanning electron microscope
(SEM), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and current-voltage (I-V) measurement
respectively. The results were then compared with journal that wrote by K. Tennakone which
used 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium thiocyanate (MEISCN). It showed some improvement to
the stability of the CuI-based DSSCs by incorporation of a small quantity of TMED in the
solution of precursor.
Keywords: Copper Iodide (CuI); TMED; DSSCs; thin film; sol-gel process; spin coating
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 25
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 026
FABRICATION OF Ti-Cu-Zr COATING BY PLD WITH POTENTIOAL
FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Mohsen Sarafbidabad1, Barkawi B.Sahari1, 2, Azmi B.Zakaria3, Fatemeh Jahanshiri 4
1
Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA)
2
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science
4
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Science
Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: moh_sarraf@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Conventional biomaterials have been used in a wide range of application in our life. The
major problems of these materials are low mechanical and chemical properties in long time
rang that make some limitations for their application, therefore idea of using new
biomaterials that have not only superior mechanical and corrosion resistance properties but
also have good biocompatibility in long time rang, leads us to use Ti-based metallic glass
alloys.Bulk metallic glass alloys have been propounded seriously for 50 years, however they
can not be used in large scale and with high thickness in industrial applications because of
technical problems and high production coast reasons, but using MG alloys as coat could be
economical and practicable.
In this research a new amorphous biomaterial was introduced in coating form .This new
biocoating with chemical formula Ti64Cu12Zr11Co5 (Mo,Nb) was deposited by a pulse laser
deposition technique that applied target is nonamorphous. By controlling process conditions
such as laser power, amorphicity was maximized and coating was fully metallic glass.
Achieved hardness from this coating is (570-600 HV) that was measured by micro hardness
machine from achieved coating surface. This coating had no allergic effect or elements in its
composition. The cytoxicity evaluations such as acute toxicity and MTT tests provide
evidence that this coat doesn't have any toxic effect and could be candidate as a biomaterial
in medical and dental applications.
Keywords: Metallic Glass; MG; MTT; PLD; DSC; Cytoxicity; Neurotoxicity
26 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 027
A NOVEL SENSOR FOR DETERMINING THALLIUM (I) WITH HIGH
SELECTIVITY
Anuar Kassim, Majid Rezayi , Saeid Ahmadzadeh
Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences ,Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
Email: anuar@science.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
As we know, thallium is a toxic metal that introduced into the environment mainly as a
waste from the production of zinc, cadmium, and lead and by combustion of
coal.Thallium causes gastrointestinal irritation and nerve damage when people are
exposed to it for relatively short period of time. For long term, thallium has the potential
to cause the following effects: change in blood chemistry, damage to liver, kidney,
intestinal and testicular tissue, and hair loss. In this work a membrane was prepared by
use of 4'–nitrobenzo –18–crown–6 (4'NB18C6) as an ion carrier , polyvinylchloride
(PVC) as a matrix, and diocthylphetalate (DOP) as a plasticizer for making an ion
selective electrode for measurement of Tl+ cation in solutions. The amounts of 4'–
nitrobenzo–18C6 and polyvinylchloride were optimized in the preparation of the
membrane. The response of the electrode was Nrenstian within the concentration range
1.0 × 10-8 to 1.0 × 10-1M. This sensor displays a drift in Nrenstian response for this
cation with increasing the amount of ionophere and decreasing the amount of
polyvinylchloride.The results of potentiometric measurements showed that , this electrode
also responses to Cu2+ , Ni2+ and Pb2+ cations, but the electrode has a wider dynamic
range and a lower detection limit to Tl+ cation. The effects of various parameters such as
pH, different cations interferences, effect of the amounts of ionophore and
polyvinylchloride and time on response of the coated ion selective electrode were
investigated. Finally the constructed electrode was used in complexometric and
precipitation titrations of Tl+ cation with EDTA and KBr, respectively. The response of
the fabricated electrode at concentration range from 1.0× 10-8 to 1.0× 10-1M is linear
with a Nrenstian slope of 57.27 mV.
Keywords : Ion-selective electrode; Thallium (I) cation; 4'– nitrobenzo–18–crown–6
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 27
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 028
EFFECT OF THE SOLVENT SYSTEMS ON THE THERMODYNAMIC
CONSTANTS OF COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN BENZO-15-
CROWN-5 WITH NA+ CATION
Anuar Kassim, Saeid Ahmadzadeh, Majid Rezayi
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences,Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
Email: chem_ahmadzadeh@yahoo.com , anuar@science.upm.my
ABSTRACT
In order to achieve appropriate solvent properties, we often use mixtures of two or more solvents
(mixed solvents), although mixtures of water and organic solvents are most frequently used,
mixtures of two organic solvents are also used in many applications such as separations
electrochemistry and organic synthesis. Since the data about complexation process of crown
ethers in mixed non-aqueous solvents.The complexation reaction between benzo-15-crown-5
(B15C5) with Na+ cation was studied in acetonitril-methanol (AN-MeOH), acetonitril-water (AN-
H2O), acetonitril–tetrahydrofuran (AN-THF), methanol–tetrahydrofuran (MeOH-THF) and
nitromethane – dimethylformamide (NM-DMF) at different temperatures using conductometry
method. The conductometric data show that in all cases, the stoichiometry of the complex formed
between Na+ and B15C5 is 1:1 (M:L), but in the case of pure THF, the stoichiometry of the
complex is 1:2 (M:L2) which shows that the stoichiometry of the complex formed between Na+
and B15C5 changes with the nature of solvent.The stability order of (B15C5.Na)+ complex in
(AN-MeOH), (AN-H2O)and ( AN-THF) binary solutions is: AN-THF >AN-H2O>AN-MeOH. But
in the case of pure non-aqueous solvents was found to be:AN>NM>MeOH>DMF. No evidence
was observed for formation of the complex in pure THF and water. Although the donor number of
NM is less than AN, but the (B15C5.Na)+ complex is more stable in AN than NM.This is probably
due to more solvation of the ligand in NM than AN because the acceptor number of NM is bigger
than that of AN. The obtained results show that in most cases there is an inverse relationship
between the donor number of solvents and the complex stability. The thermodynamic parameters
(ΔH°c and ΔS°c) for formation of (B15C5.Na)+ complex were determined by the "Van't Hoff"
plots. The results show that in most cases the complex is enthalpy and entropy stabilized. A non–
liner behavior was observed between the LogKf of (B15C5.Na)+ complex with the composition of
mixed solvents, which may be explained on the base of solvent–solvent interactions and also the
preferential solvation of the sodium cation or ligand in binary mixed solvents.
Keywords: benzo-15-crown-5; Na+; acetonitrile–methanol; tetrahydrofuran–methanol;
acetonitrile– tetrahydrofuran; nitromethane–dimethylformamide; conductometry
28 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 029
EFFECT OF REACTION TEMPERATURE ON PHOTOCATALYTIC
ACTIVITY OF TIO2 NANOPARTICLES PRODUCED VIA MOCVD
Siti Hajar Othman, Suraya Abdul Rashid, Tinia Idaty Mohd. Ghazi, Norhafizah Abdullah
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: suraya@eng.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared using metal organic chemical vapour
deposition (MOCVD) at different reaction temperatures. The samples were characterized by
scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX),
X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis spectrophotometer. All the TiO2 samples produced using
this method were in anatase crystal structure. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was
investigated via degradation of methylene blue under UV light. TiO2 sample produced at
973K shows the best photocatalytic activity compared to samples produced at other
temperatures because of small particle size and therefore high surface areas.
Keywords: Chemical vapour deposition; Nanoparticles; Photocatalyst
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 29
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 030
MOISTURE ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF EPOXY BASED
ADHESIVE REINFORCED WITH CTBN AND CERAMIC PARTICLES
FOR BONDED-IN TIMBER CONNECTION: FICKIAN OR NON-
FICKIAN BEHAVIOR
Z. Ahmad1, M. P. Ansell2, D. Smedley3
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia, 40450 Shah Alam
Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, United Kingdom
3
Rotafix Ltd, Abercraf, Swansea, United Kingdom
Email: zakiahah@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
For in-situ bonding of pultruded rod into timber structural members, such as in the
construction of bonded-in timber connection, strengthening and repair of timber structures,
the adhesive used must be thixotropic, room temperature cure, environmentally stable and
friendly and applied at without pressure. This study investigates the moisture absorption
characteristics of three adhesives specially formulated for bonded-in timber connections
where the adhesives are reinforced with nano- and micro-particles denoted as CB10TSS
(standard adhesive), Albipox (CB10TSS/CTBN) and Timberset (ceramics filled adhesive)
with the aim to improve mechanical properties and raise glass transition temperature. The
effect of high temperatures and high humidity on the properties of adhesives were determined
following conditioning at different temperatures (20°C, 30°C and 50°C) and relative
humidities (65%, 75% and 95%) and soaking in water at 20°C In all cases the properties of
Albipox were least affected by environment but Timberset exhibited the lowest moisture
uptake. Exposure to humid environments at temperatures lower than Tg resulted in water
uptake characterized as Fickian which had only a modest effect on properties. However,
exposure to humid environments at temperatures higher than Tg resulted in non-Fickian
uptake of water and a more adverse effect on properties.
Keywords: Nano-particles; epoxy-based adhesive; Fickian; moisture absorption; bonded-in
connection
30 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 031
ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION (EPD) OF MULTI-WALLED
CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCNT) ONTO INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE (ITO)
GLASS SUBSTRATES
Mohd Roslie Ali, Shahrul Nizam Md Salleh
Advanced Materials Centre (AMREC) SIRIM Berhad,
Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000, Kulim, Kedah.
Email: shahruln@sirim.my
ABSTRACT
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) were deposited onto Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO)-
coated glass substrates by use of Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) method.The diameter of
the Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) are about 10-30 nm.They were dispersed
ultrasonically in ethanol and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form stable suspension. Two
substrates of Indium-Tin-Oxide(ITO)-coated glass placed in parallel facing each other into
the suspension.The distance between both electrodes was 1 cm.The deposition occurs at room
temperature and the voltage level applied was 400V, respectively. The deposited ITO-Glass
with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) will be characterized using Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM),and Raman Microscope.The
deposited ITO-Glass with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) could be used in
various practical application to the field emission displays such as BLU (back light unit) for
LCD (liquid crystal display).
Keywords : Carbon Nanotubes (CNT); Electrophoretic Deposition(EPD); Indium-Tin-Oxide
(ITO)Glass
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 31
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 032
METHANOL TRACE DETECTION IN BUTANOL CONTAMINATED
AIR BY A MICROPOROUS FILTER-EQUIPPED CHEMORESISTIVE
SENSOR
K. Nemati
Electronic Materials Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, K. N. Toosi University
of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Email: Kianoosh.nemati@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The detection of ppm-levels of methanol in air heavily polluted with butanol vapor using a
single gas sensor is reported. The molecular diffusion-physisorption processes of methanol
and butanol through a chemically inert porous body were theoretically analyzed. The results
indicated that the transient responses of a filter-equipped fast gas sensor, when exposed to
mixtures of the two contaminants would provide information enough for their separate
concentration measurements. The theoretical results were verified experimentally by the
fabrication of a filter-equipped chemoresistive sensor and the assessment of its transient
responses to air contaminated with different mixtures of methanol and 1-butanol. The device
was able to detect methanol at concentrations as low as 3 ppm in air heavily (~104 ppm)
contaminated with butanol vapor.
Keywords: Gas sensor; Diffusion-physisorption; Porous material
32 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 033
OPTICAL PROPERTIES FOR N, N`-BIS (LNAPHYHLY)- N,N`-
DIPHENYL-1,1`-BIPHENYL-4,4`-DIAMINE AND TRIS (8-
HYDROXYQUINOLINATO) ALUMINUM IN ORGANIC LIGHT
EMITTING DEVICES
M. Y. Lim1, W. M. M. Yunus1, Z. A. Talib 1, A.Kassim2, C. F. Dee3, A. Ismail3
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
3
Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Email: mahmood@science.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
The optical properties of N, N`- bis (Inaphthyl)- N,N`-diphenyl-1,1`-biphenyl-4,4`-diamine
(NPB) and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) organic materials often used as hole
transport layer and electron transport layer in organic light-emitting devices (OLED) has
been investigated in this work. The NPB and Alq3 layer was prepared by using the thermal
evaporation method. In order to further optimize device structure so as to achieve optimal PL
performances, the thickness of NPB and Alq3 were first changed. Two new peaks at 630nm
and 480nm were observed for 55nm NPB for the white light. Besides, the thickness of the Alq3
host strongly affected the PL performances, the devices exhibited a peak efficiency and a
better colour coordinates, i.e., colour saturation. It can be seen that the PL spectra of the 84
and 101 nm, Alq3 have a highest intensity peak located at 670 nm.
Keywords: N,N`- bis (Inaphthyl)- N,N`-diphenyl-1,1`-biphenyl-4,4`-diamine; tris (8-
hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum; organic light emitting diode; photoluminescence
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 33
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 034
SHEAR CAPACITY OF DOWELLED MORTISE AND TENON IN
TROPICAL TIMBER
Rohana Hassan, Azmi Ibrahim, Zakiah Ahmad
Faculty of Civil Engineering, UiTM, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Email: rohan742@salam.uitm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the European Yield Models (EYM) concept has been applied to observe an
experimental study of single-dowelled mortise and tenon. Specimens consisting of structural
size mortise and tenon dowelled with 20.6 mm diameter were axially loaded in shear. Test
variables are the material for the dowels namely steel; glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP)
and wood. Connections were tested until failure to observe the ultimate capacities and
possible modes of failure as the variables were changed. Results show that the shear
strength capacity of the mortise and tenon connection single-dowelled with steel, GFRP and
wood is not directly reflected the capacity of the dowel. The proportional limit, 5% diameter
offset and maximum strength of the connection are in the order of steel, wood and GFRP but
the dowel yield modes are in the order of steel, GFRP and wood. Failure modes of GFRP
were found as stiff as steel (mode Im) compared to wood (mode IV).
Keywords: Dowelled Mortise and Tenon; Failure Behaviour; Load Capacity; Shear Loading
34 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 035
MICROMECHANICAL AND INTERNAL DISCONTINUITY ASPECTS
IN FUSION WELDED JOINTS
Nur Azida Che Lah, Aidy Ali
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Email: aidy@eng.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
This paper deals with characterization of macrostructure, microstructure, hardness,
elemental compositions and internal discontinuities of ASTM A516 grade 70 fusion welded
joints. The welded joints of ASTM A516 grade 70 carbon steel, which are widely used in
pressure vessel fabrication were prepared using welding procedures of Manual Metal Arc
(MMA), Metal Inert Gas (MIG) and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG). Local microstructural
condition and elemental composition of the welds were characterised using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) in association with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Radiography testing
was applied to study the common internal weld defects. This comprehensive information
provides a practical guide in order to determine the most adequate welding procedure and
assisting in understanding the behaviour of the weld zones.
Keywords: Carbon steel; ASTM A516 grade 70; Welding
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 35
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 036
THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY OF ZINC-ALUMINUM LAYERED DOUBLE
HYDROXIDE USING PVDF PHOTOFLASH TECHNIQUE
W. Mahmood Mat. Yunus1, Maryam Ranjbar1, Mohd Zobir bin Hussein2
1
Department of Physics, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Email: mylim82@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Thermal diffusivity of zinc - aluminum layered double hydroxides synthesized at different
molar ratios of Zn to Al, at pH 7, 8 and 10 were measured using PVDF photoflash technique.
The samples were prepared using Zn(NO3 ) 2 and Al(NO3 ) 2 solutions at pH 10, by dropwise
addition of NaOH solution with vigorous stirring under nitrogen atmosphere. The different
ratios of Zn to Al were obtained by changing the molar ratio of Zn NO3 2 to Al NO3 3
solutions. The slurry formed was kept at 70 ˚C in an oil bath shaker for 18 h and then
filtered, washed and dried in an oven for another 48 h at 70 ˚C. A simple photoflash and
polyvinlidene diflouride (PVDF) transducer were used as light source and thermal wave
detector, respectively. The measurements of thermal diffusivity of Zn-Al layered double
hydroxide at different compositions were carried out at room temperature. Generally, for Zn
to Al > 3, the thermal diffusivity of all series of sample prepared at pH = 7, 8 and 10
increase with the increasing of Zn composition. The increase of thermal diffusivity for higher
pH and higher Zn/Al ratio is due the present of ZnO as impurity in the samples. The effect of
basal spacing on the thermal diffusivity of the sample is also discussed.
Keywords: Polyvinlidene diflouride; Thermal wave detector; Zn composition
36 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 037
SIGNAL PROCESSING MAPPING FOR CHARPY IMPACT LOADING
M. B. Ali, S. Abdullah, M.Z. Nuawi, A.K. Ariffin
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built
Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Email: basri@utem.edu.my/abgbas@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The dynamic responses of the standard Charpy impact machine are experimentally studied
using the relevant data acquisition system, for the purpose of obtaining the impact response.
For this reason, strain gauges and accelerometer were connected to the data acquisition set
and both of them were attach to the striker and the charpy material for the signal collection.
The numerical analysis by means of the finite element method has been used to support the
experiment findings; hence, a standard specimen model has been developed for the
simulation. Different thickness of charpy material need to be analysed in order to obtain the
energy extracted from the acceleration and strain signals. Two types of specimens fabricated
from different materials, i.e. aluminium 6061 and low carbon steel 1010, were used for the
impact testing. Finally, the related parameters on between different materials, different
thickness, energy absorbed, acceleration signal and strain signal, and the relationship
between those parameters was correlated and discussed.
Keywords: charpy impact; strain gauges; accelerometer; FEA
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 37
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 038
SELF ASSEMBLED SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON THE SURFACE
OF SILICA DIP-COATED THIN FILM
M. S. Banaye Golrizi1, S. Radiman1, M. Ahmad2, M. Sasani1, 3
1
School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology; University Kebangsaan
Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia.
2
School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology;
University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia.
3
Solid State Laser Research Group, Laser& Optics Research school, NSTR, Tehran, Iran.
Email: msbgolriz@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
In recent years, SPR based optical biosensors have gained great interest for detecting
biological molecules such as an enzyme or antibody. Silver nanoparticles(NPs) and a
semiconductor material thin film are two important elements in these kind of sensors. In this
approach we have deposited Ag NPs on the surface of Silica thin film by dip-coating method.
The prepared Ag NPs have been covered with Polyethylene glycol (PEG).The morphology
and topography of deposited Ag NPs thin film was studied by AFM and SEM. The two and
three dimensional images have shown uniform morphology. The thicknesses of thin film
formed by the Ag NPs are proportional to dip speed. The UV-Visible spectrometer was used
to characterize the various thin films produced by the dip-coating method.
Keywords: SPR; Biosensors; Silver; Silica; Self assembly; dip-coating
38 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 039
THE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELATIVE
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND RELATIVE DENSITY OF THE
Al-FOAM FABRICATED THROUGH PRESSURE ASSISTED
SINTERING/DISSOLUTION PROCESS
M. Mustapha1, M. A. Omar1, O. Mamat2
1
Structural Materials Programme, AMREC Kulim Hi-Tech Park 09000 Kulim, Kedah
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
31750 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh, Perak
Email: mazli_mustapha@sirim.my
ABSTRACT
The viability of electrical conductivity as a tool for evaluating variations in morphology of
pressure assisted sintering/dissolution Al-foam compacts was investigated. In the preparation
of foam specimens, the Al powder and the NaCl (leaching agent) were dry-mixed together in
order to prepare homogenously mixture. The blended mixture was then subjected to pressure
assisted sintering in which a pressure beyond atmospheric level is externally applied to the
specimen during high-frequency induction heated sintering. The embedded leaching agent
was then dissolved in order to leave behind an open-celled Al with the same chemical
composition as that of the original Al powder. The final material is highly porous and has an
interconnected porosity network. The structure of the resulting material has three levels of
porosity (i.e. main cells, windows and microporosity). The cell morphology and the size of Al
foam closely match those of the leaching particles used. The influence of processing
parameters: volume fraction of leaching agent, compaction pressure at elevated temperature,
sintering temperature, sintering time and heating rate on the electrical conductivity of the
final foams were studied. It was found that all the chosen factors have significant effects on
the physical and mechanical properties of the foam and Al volume fraction is the most
important parameter affecting the relative electrical conductivity and relative density of the
resultant foam. The findings also suggests that the relationship between relative electrical
conductivity and density of the specimen does not follow the mathematical description given
by Meyer, instead the power law seems to be a good characterization of the relationship
between experimental data of electrical conductivity and density of the resultant foams.
Keywords: Pressure assisted sintering; Leaching agent; Open-celled
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 39
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 040
SILVER DOPED TITANIUM DIOXIDE HUMIDITY SENSORS
Ali Hooshiar Zare
Electronic Material Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, K.N.Toosi University of
Technology, Tehran, Iran
Email: ali.hooshyar@ee.kntu.ac.ir
ABSTRACT
The effect of silver doping on the sensitivity, dynamic range and response time of a
rutile-based resistive humidity sensor is studied. Rutile pallets were prepared by
sintering the dry pressed samples at 900˚C in air. Silver was added to the ceramic raw
material in the form of AgNO3 which was decomposed during the sintering process.
The microstructure of the produced pallets was investigated by XRD and SEM. Large
area silver electrodes were deposited on the sintered disks by paste printing. The
resistance and the response time of the various pallets containing different additive
levels were measured at relative humidity range of 4% to 100%. Silver doping,
substantially increased the sensitivity to the ambient humidity. Moreover, it resulted in
faster responses; the response time of the silver added pallets were about four times
shorter than the pure ones.
Keywords: Humidity sensor; Titanium dioxide; Silver doping; Response time
40 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 041
SILVER-RUTILE SCHOTTKY DIODE FABRICATED ON OXIDIZED
TITANIUM FOIL
Saeedeh Rahbarpour, Mohsen Purahmad
Electrical Engineering Department, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Email: s.rahbarpour@ee.kntu.ac.ir ,m.purahmad@ee.kntu.ac.ir
ABSTRACT
The fabrication and characterization of a gas sensing Ag-TiO2 Schottky diode are reported.
The fabricated Ag-TiO2-Ti structures, formed by sintering silver nanoparticles on the
thermally oxidized titanium foil, demonstrated I-V characteristics of a typical Schottky diode
at elevated temperatures up to 500 °C. The I-V characteristics of these devices strongly
depended on the concentration level of the reducing gas contaminations in the surrounding
atmosphere. The samples were like high-barrier Schottky diodes in clean air, while behaved
as ohmic contacts in highly reducing atmospheres. Different concentration levels of the
examined alcohol vapors could increase the reverse current of the diodes up to 5 orders of
magnitude. The measured electronic features of the device were described via an energy
band diagram model.
Keywords: Gas sensor; Schottky diode; Titanium; Ttitanium dioxide; Silver; Thermal
oxidation
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 41
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 042
OXYGEN SENSING WITH SILVER-RUTILE SCHOTTKY DIODE
Mohsen Purahmad, Saeedeh Rahbarpour
Electrical Engineering Department, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Email: m.purahmad@ee.kntu.ac.ir, s.rahbarpour@ee.kntu.ac.ir
ABSTRACT
Oxygen sensitivity of the reverse current in the silver-rutile Schottky diode is investigated. To
fabricate the sensor diode, titanium foil was thermally oxidized in air at 700 oC. The junction
between the titanium substrate and its native oxide is ohmic. A porous silver aggregate was
formed on the oxide layer by partial sintering of 50 nm diameter silver particles at 400 oC in
air. The Ag-TiO2 contacts exhibited Schottky-type current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in the
200 to 400 oC operating temperature range in clean air. The reverse current of the diode
proved to be sensitive to oxygen partial pressure in the surrounding atmosphere. The
sensitivity is particularly high at low oxygen concentration range. Operating at 300 oC, the
reverse current increased 103 times when the oxygen partial pressure was reduced from that
of air to 1 ppm. This high sensitivity allowed a single device to sense O2 in the wide partial
pressure range of 20% to 1 ppm in an inert gas background atmosphere at 1 bar. A model is
proposed which describes the sensing mechanism.
Keywords: Oxygen sensor; Schottky diode; Titanium dioxide; Silver; Sensitivity;
42 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 043
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZNO NANOWIRES ANNEALED AT
DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
M. Z. Sahdan1,3,M. H. Mamat1, M. Salina1, Z. Khusaimi2, U.M. Noor1, M. Rusop1
1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering; 2Faculty of Applied Sciences
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
3
MiNT-SRC, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat,
Johor, Malaysia
Email: zainizno@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Annealing process is very important in semiconductor fabrication to increase the crystallinity
of materials. In this work, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires were synthesized using thermal
chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The samples were annealed using furnace
annealing at different temperatures ranging from 723K to 873K. The effects of annealing
temperature on the optical properties were studied using a Photoluminescence (PL) and
UVVIS-NIR spectrometers. The PL spectra reveal that annealing the ZnO samples at 823K
had produced the highest UV peak intensity. The UV-VIS spectra also show significant
improvement in absorbance at UV wavelength when annealed at 823K.
Keywords: ZnO nanowires; Annealing; Optical properties; Chemical Vapour Deposition;
Ultra Violet wavelength
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 43
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 044
MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
CALCIUM DOPED CERIA OXIDE ION CONDUCTOR
P. S. Ong, Y. P.Tan
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
Email: yptan@science.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Crystalline fluorite-like structure of Ca-doped CeO2 compounds was prepared via
mechanochemical synthesis route. An in-depth study was conducted to optimize the
processing parameters whereby three different variables associated with the milling process
were studied; milling time, revolution per minute (rpm) and solvent medium. This work was
conducted in pursuit of developing optimum milling process parameters for Ca-doped CeO2
oxide ion conductors. For the purpose of comparison, calcium-doped ceria samples were
also prepared by conventional solid state method using CeO2 and CaCO3. The single phase
compounds were characterized by employing differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry
(DTA/TG), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). The electrical conductivity of sintered samples of calcium doped ceria
compounds were investigated in air as a function of temperature using AC impedance
spectroscopy.
Keywords: Oxide ion conductor; calcium; ceria
44 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 045
SAMARIUM ION EXCHANGED MONTMORILLONITE FOR
HIGH TEMPERATURE CUMENE CRACKING REACTION
N. N. Binitha1,2, P.P. Silija1, V. Suraj3, Z. Yaakob1, S. Sugunan4,
1
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built
Environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Chemistry, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College
Pattambi, Palakkad-679306, Kerala, India
3
Department of Applied Chemistry, CUSAT, Cochin 22, Kerala, India
4
National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, India
Email: binithann@yahoo.co.in
ABSTRACT
Nanomaterial Montmorillonite clay is cation exchanged with samarium and its catalytic
influence in cumene cracking reaction is investigated. Effect of exchange with sodium ions on
further exchange with samarium ions is also noted. Acidity measurements are done using
TPD of ammonia. The retention of basic structure is proved from FTIR spectra and XRD
patterns. Elemental analysis result shows that samarium exchange has occurred, which is
responsible for the higher catalytic activity. Surface area and pore volume remains more or
less unaffected upon exchange. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates the enhanced thermal
stability on exchanging. Cumene cracking reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure in
a fixed bed glass reactor at 673 K. The predominance of Brønsted acidity is confirmed from
high selectivity to benzene.
Keywords: Montmorillonite; cation exchange; cumene cracking reactions; Brønsted acidity
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 45
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 046
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO GOLD
SUPPORTED OVER MONTMORILLONITE CLAYS
P.V. Suraja1, N.N. Binitha1,2, Z. Yaakob1, P.P. Silija1
1
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built
Environment, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Chemistry, Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College
Pattambi, Palakkad-679306, Kerala, India
Email: binithann@yahoo.co.in
ABSTRACT
The use of montmorillonite clays as a matrix, or as a host, for obtaining
intercalated/supported metal particles has potential applications in catalysis and other areas.
The gold nanoparticles were obtained from the most common anionic gold precursor
HAuCl4•3H2O by deposition–precipitation (DP) methods. However, it is difficult to prepare
nanoscale gold catalysts supported on silica surfaces with lower isoelectric point (IEP).
Homogeneous deposition precipitation method using urea also fails on silica surfaces.
Reasons for the inefficiency of these methods are the negative charge of the metal precursor
as well as the support surface and the high PH required for depositing gold nanoparticles. In
the present work, we use glucose as the reductant in the presence of stabilizers for
preparation of nano gold supported on montmorillonite clay. Here there is no need of
increasing the PH of the solution to reduce the Au3+ ions. The prepared systems are
characterized using various techniques such as using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS
Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and Elemental analysis (XRF) to prove the efficiency of the
present method.
Keywords: supported nano gold; montmorillonite clay; glucose
46 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 047
SIMULATION OF ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS FOR MAKING
NANOFIBERS FROM POLYMER SOLUTIONS AND MELTS
Khairurrijal, Mikrajuddin Abdullah, Sahrul Saehana
Physics of Electronic Materials Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
E-mail: krijal@fi.itb.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Liquid jet dynamics in electrospinning process for making nanofibers from polymer solutions
and melts, which are described by differential equations of stress balance, mass
conservation, and momentum conservation, were successfully simulated. In order to solve
easily the differential equations, a finite difference method was employed. The effects of
parameters in the electrospinning, such as the mass density of liquid and the distance of
nozzle-collector, on bending instabilities of the liquid jet were examined. It was found that
the decrease in mass density increases the bending instability. Moreover, the shorter the
nozzle-collector distance the lesser the bending instability.
Keywords: Electrospinning; Finite difference; Jet dynamics; Nanofiber; Simulation
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 47
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 048
ENHANCE CARRIER DISTRIBUTIONS BETWEEN DOUBLE
QUANTUM WELLS INGAN VIOLET LASER DIODE DUE TO USING
A QUATERNARY ALINGAN BLOCKING LAYER
Rafid A. Abdullah, Kamarulazizi Ibrahim
Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory (N.O.R)
School of Physics , Universiti Sains Malaysia ,11800 Penang , Malaysia
E-mail: rafid_alabdali@yahoo.com, kamarul@usm.my
ABSTRACT
The inhomogeneous carrier distributions between double quantum of InGaN blue-violet laser
diodes lead to deteriorating the properties of the laser diodes. ISE TCAD software simulation
program has been utilized to study the effects of using quaternary AlInGaN blocking layer on
the carrier distributions. Simulation results indicate that the use of a quaternary AlInGaN
blocking layer instead of the conventional ternary AlGaN blocking layer can help the
enhance carrier distributions between quantum wells which in turn to decreasing the
threshold of the laser diode.
Keywords: Quantum well laser; InGaN violet laser; Blocking layer
48 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 049
INFRARED PROPERTIES OF BULK ZnO SEMICONDUCTOR
M.A. Ahmad, S.K. Mohd Bakhori, S.S. Ng, Z. Hassan, H. Abu Hassan
Nano-Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, School of Physics,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Email: anasahmad@notes.usm.my
ABSTRACT
ZnO is a direct band-gap semiconductor with a room temperature energy gap at 3.37eV, and
showed strong near-band-gap excitonic absorption even at room temperature. Due to these
reasons, ZnO is important in the development of short-wavelength optical device, as well as
for applications in optics and optoelectronics. In this study, we report the infrared (IR) optical
properties of bulk zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductor. All IR measurements were taken in the
reflection mode at an incident angle of 15o by using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy at room temperature. From the Kramers-Kronig (KK) analysis of the reflectivity
data, the optical constants such as the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, and the
real and imaginary parts of the dielectric response function were calculated. In addition, the
optical phonon modes, i.e., transverse optical (TO) and longitudinal optical (LO) phonon for
bulk ZnO are also obtained. The obtained optical phonon modes are comparable to the
reported values.
Keywords: Kramers-Kronig analysis; infrared reflectance spectroscopy; optical phonon
modes
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 49
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 050
ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY POLYOL
METHOD: EFFECT OF SURFACTANT AND CONCENTRATION OF
ZINC PRECURSOR
Abdul Halim Abdullah1,2, Lee Ek Giat1, Zulkarnain Zainal1, Mohd Zobir Hussein1,2
1
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory,Institute of Advanced Technology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang,Selangor D.E., Malaysia
Email: halim@science.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
The effect of surfactant, concentration of the zinc salt and concentration of the water on the
growth of ZnO nanoparicles had been investigated in polyol method. Among these surfactant,
polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) is found to be most effective in controlling the shape and size of
ZnO. At low concentration of zinc acetate, spherical and small particles were formed
compared to larger particles that formed under the condition of high concentration of zinc
acetate. Amount of water added to the solution also caused the changing of the shape of ZnO.
The properties of ZnO were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform
InfraRed (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission
electron microscope (TEM).
Keywords: Zinc oxide; Nanoparticles; Polyol
50 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 051
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
NANOCHRYSTALLINE SnO2 THIN FILM BY CHEMICAL BATH
DEPOSITION FOR SOLAR CELL APPLICATION
Saeideh Ebrahimiasl1, Wan Md. Zin Wan Yunus1, Anuar Kassim2
1
Institute of Advanced Technology
2
Department of Chemistry,Faculty Science
University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,Malaysia.
Email: ebrahimiasl.saeideh@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Tin oxide filmes have been synthesized for the first time by chemical bath deposition method
on the glass substrate for photoelectrochemical applications.The as-deposited thin films were
characterized for compositional,structural,surface morphological,optical and electrical
studies.The X-ray diffraction patterns of the sample indicated that all samples were
polycrystalline structure. AFM images showed that the films consisted of small uniform
grains (about 100 nm in size) and were free of pinholes.EDX analysis shows that average
ratio of atomic percentage of Sn:O is 1:2.3 so one can calcude that the films are in good
stiochiometric ratio.The optical absorbtion of as-deposited films showed an optical band gap
of 3.6 eV with direct transition.
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 51
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 052
THE IMPACT BEHAVIOUR OF UNTREATED SHORT SUGAR PALM
FIBRE REINFORCED HIGH IMPACT POLYSTYRENE COMPOSITES
D. Bachtiar1, S.M. Sapuan1, A. Khalina2, K.Z.M. Dahlan3
1
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi 43000
Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: dandibachtiar@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Natural fibres are cheap, abundant and renewable, and can be produced at low cost in many
parts of the developing world. They are strong and stiff, and due to their low densities, have
the potential to produce composites with similar specific properties to those of E-glass. There
are many potential natural resources, which Malaysia has in abundance. Most of it comes
from the forest and agriculture such as sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibres. This study
investigates the impact behaviour of short sugar palm fibre (SPF) reinforced high impact
polystyrene (HIPS) composites. The fibre sizes of 40-60 meshes and four different fibre
loadings of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight have been used. Short SPF-HIPS composites
were fabricated using melt mixing and compression moulding. Testing was carried out
according the ASTM D256 Standard. The results showed that the addition of short SPF to the
pure HIPS decreased the impact strength behaviour. It is suggested to modify the fibres using
any treatment to enhance the performance of composites.
Keywords: impact strength; natural fibre; sugar palm fibre; polystyrene
52 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 053
CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL NANOPARTICLES /
CONDUCTING POLYMER PREPARED BY RADIATION TECHNIQUE
Abdo Mohd Meftah, Elias Saion, Mohd Maarof B Hj Abd Moksin, Hishamuddin B
Zainuddin
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400
UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: meftah_2010@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Composites of conducting polymer – metal nanoparticles are of great interest in modern
physical and chemical researchers due to their unique physical and chemical properties,
which are distinct from those of the bulk metal and molecules .Conducting polymer – metal
nanoparticles can be used in diverse fields such as electronics, electrocatalystics and
optoelectronics. Conducting polymer and metal nanoparticles blended in polyvinyl Alcohol
(PVA) was synthesized by irradiating as films containing monomer and metal salt at different
concentrations with gamma radiation technique. In the same time the conducting polymer
and metal nanoparticles were formed due to oxidation of monomer and reduction of metal
ion respectively by radiation. The structure analysis of conducting polymer – metal
nanoparticles films were studied by X-Ray diffraction system which appears different
diffraction peak angles respectively .The optical properties were investigated using UV –Vis
spectrophotometer that show optical absorbance peak at = (780 , 430) nm of conducting
polymer and metal nanoparticles respectively .From the UV-spectrum the band gap energy
(Eg) was deduced and found to be decreases from (1.4, 2.8) eV at 10 kGry to (1.2,2.52) eV at
50 kGry for conducting polymer and metal nanoparticles respectively.
Keywords: Nanocomposites; metal nanoparticles; conducting polymer
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 53
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 054
NANOIMPRINTED PLASMONIC WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS FOR
TELECOMMUNICATIONS WAVELENGTHS
A. Seidel, R. Kiyan, C. Ohrt, C. Reinhardt, B.N. Chichkov
Nanotechnology Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419
Hannover, Germany
Email: a.seidel@lzh.de
ABSTRACT
Plasmonics is widely regarded as a key enabling technology for many applications in the
area of communications and opto-electronics. This is particularly true for its projected role
in bringing optical communications to the inter-chip and on-chip regimes by beating the
diffraction limit and thus allowing sub-micrometer size optical components which easily
interact with electronics. We present a method combining advantages of two-photon-
polymerization and nanoimprinting to fabricate plasmonic components for telecom
wavelengths which can easily be coupled to optical fibres. Methods of fabrication and
experimental results are discussed.
Keywords: Nanoimprinting; two-photon-polymerization; plasmonics
54 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 055
INVESTIGATION ON SELECTIVE METAL RECOVERY FROM
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) WASTEWATER
S. Sobri, M.A. Abd Halim
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: eeza@eng.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Manufacturing of PCBs is highly complicated and involves many process steps. Recycling of
PCB wastewater receives wide concerns as the recent international growth in the electronics
industry has generated a drastic increase in the amount of waste PCBs with profound
environmental impacts such as soil and groundwater contamination. This paper reports a
method to recover metals by using an electrochemical deposition from PCB wastewater. In
order to obtain of the microstructural properties of the deposited particles, microscopy
images of metals deposited will be obtained using Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM).
Keywords: PCB wastewater; Recovery
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 55
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 056
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF n-AlGaAs/GaAs
SCHOTTKY DIODE FOR RECTENNA DEVICE APPLICATION
Norfarariyanti Parimon1, Farahiyah Mustafa1, Abdul Manaf Hashim1, Azlan Abdul Aziz2,
Roslan Mat Hashim2
1
Material Innovations and Nanoelectronics Research Group, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
2
Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology, School of Physics,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
Email: manaf@fke.utm.my{ A.M Hashim }
ABSTRACT
A society in which everyone can feel the benefit of information technology (IT) whenever and
wherever, namely known as a “ubiquitous network society” has become a hot topic. For this
purpose, a new smart chip called an Intelligent Quantum (IQ) chip was proposed by
Hasegawa et al. One of key elements to realize IQ chips is the wireless power supply which
can be constructed by rectenna devices. A rectenna consists of an antenna for receiving
microwave power and a diode for rectifying microwave to dc power.
In this study, the n-AlGaAs / GaAs Schottky diodes was chosen because of high electron
mobility in GaAs based HEMT structure. The processing steps used in the fabrication were
the conventional steps used in standard GaAs processing. The Schottky electrode is formed
by Ni/Au metals and ohmic electrode is formed by alloyed Ge/Au/Ni/Au using
photolithography and lift-off processes. Our devices are facilitated with a co-planar
waveguide structure which possess ground-signal-ground pad structures and connected to a
Schottky diode so that direct injection of RF signal can be performed. The DC I-V
characteristic is shown in Fig. 1. The DC I-V curve shows a diode I-V curve with a 50.5 >
series resistance defined as the slope between 1 and 2 V. The reverse leakage current was 70
nA and barrier height was calculated to be 0.517V, which is quite higher than the ideal
calculated value. To improve the RF response, the barrier height should be reduced because
smaller barrier height gives better RF rectification due to lower turn on voltage. The RF
power transmission characteristics of the Schottky diodes, which had a 50 m x 90 @m
contact area, were measured by directly injecting RF power through the GSG pads using a
Cascade ACP-150 probe and will be presented during the conference.
Keywords: Ubiquitous network society; IQ chip; Schottky diode; Rectenna
56 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 057
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF METAL THICKNESS ON DIPOLE
PLANAR ANTENNAS THROUGH SIMULATION AND FABRICATION
Farahiyah Mustafa1, Abdul Manaf Hashim1, Azlan Abdul Aziz2, Roslan Mat Hashim2
1
Material Innovations and Nanoelectronics Research Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
2
Nano-Optoelectronics Research, Faculty of Physics,Universiti Sains Malaysia,
11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
Email: manaf@fke.utm.my{ A.M Hashim }
ABSTRACT
The “New IT Reform Strategy” was put in motion as a national strategy with an aim of
realizing “a society in which everyone can feel the benefit of IT whenever and wherever,”
namely, a ubiquitous network society. A new smart chip called an Intelligent Quantum (IQ)
chip is an application of quantum devices for the ubiquitous network society environments.
One of the key elements to realize IQ chips is the wireless power supply which is generated
by rectenna devices. A rectenna consists of an antenna for receiving microwave power and a
diode for rectifying that power to dc power to generate other devices and circuits on the same
chip. This paper presents a design and analysis of how different metal thickness affects the
characteristics particularly the resonant frequency of dipole planar antenna. The effects of
metal thickness on antenna devices were investigated through simulation and fabrication. In
previous study, the dipole antenna structure was investigated by varying the length and width
of the antenna. Throughout this stage, the dependence of antenna dimension on resonant
frequency in microwave region was determined. From the result obtained, when the width of
antenna increased, the maximum peak of return loss characteristic shift towards the higher
value of length. It can be used to design the antenna with better performance by choosing
specific length and width. In this study, the thickness of metal has been chosen to be 0.09µm,
0.07µm and 0.05µm. The antenna configuration, which has been chosen, is a dipole antenna
where length set to be 3mm with different width. A commercial Electromagnetic Sonnet Suites
simulator is used to design and analyses the antenna. The antennas are fabricated on the
650µm-thick semi-insulated GaAs substrates. The measurement of fabricated antenna is
performed using Network Analyzer facilitated with Ground-Signal-Ground (GSG) Cascade
microprober. From our preliminary results, the dipole antenna with return loss magnitude
down to -42 dB has been successfully designed and fabricated. Based on the obtained
characteristics, it is expected that direct integration with the Schottky diode via coplanar
waveguide (CPW) transmission line to formed rectenna device can be achieved without any
matching circuit.
Keywords: Dipole antenna; Rectenna; semi-insulated GaAs; IQ Chips
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 57
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 058
PLASMA INTERACTIONS IN A CAPACITIVELY COUPLED n-
AlGaAs/GaAs INTERDIGITAL-GATED HEMT DEVICE
Zon Fazlila Mohd Ahir1, Abdul Manaf Hashim1, Magdy Hussein Mourad Mohammad2
1
Material Innovation and Nanoelectronic RG, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
2
Nano-Optoelectronics Research, Faculty of Physics,Universiti Sains Malaysia,
11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
Email: manaf@fke.utm.my (A.M Hashim)
ABSTRACT
Recently, the exploration of terahertz (THz) region has become a hot topic for its possible
applications which sensing and imaging in biomedicine, radio astronomy and defense. The
interactions of plasma wave and electromagnetic wave in the high-electron-mobility-
transistor (HEMT) device have recently attracted many researchers to perform theoretical
and experimental studies. In this paper, we present our recent works on the proposed
interdigital-gated AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT structure to investigate the interaction between the
drifting carrier plasma waves and electromagnetic waves. Figure 1 showed the device structure
of capacitively coupled HEMT structure studied in this work. The carrier mobility and the carrier
sheet density obtained by Hall measurements at room temperature were 6040 cm2/V-s and
8.34 x 1011/cm2 respectively. We have predicted that the occurrence of negative conductance
should be obtained by the interaction of electromagnetic waves and carrier plasma waves
when the drift velocity of carriers slightly exceeds the velocity of fundamental
electromagnetic wave. These negative conductance characteristics should lead to the
realization of solid state travelling wave amplifier (SSTWA). Therefore, in this study, a
capacitively coupled finger structure was introduced in order to produce uniform field
distribution and thus produce uniform drift velocity along the channel. The interdigital
fingers are designed and fabricated on AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT substrate. The capacitive
coupling is achieved by introducing dielectric layer between the fingers. S-parameter
reflection measurements are performed at 300K by applying on-wafer microwave probing
technique. The preliminary experimental study of plasma wave interactions using
interdigital-gated n-AlGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility structure will be presented where
the existence of interactions is shown. Further optimization of device structure and
measurement method may lead to the occurrence of negative conductance.
Keywords: Terahertz; Drifting plasma waves; Interdigital; HEMT; Negative conductance
58 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 059
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOPARTICLES
Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 by SOL GEL TECHNIQUE
Poppy Puspitasari1, Noorhana Yahya2, Noor Asmawati M. Zabidin3, Nur Azliza Ahmad1
1
Electrical and Electronic Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh,
Perak
2
Fundamental and Science Applied Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750,
Tronoh, Perak
3
Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh Perak
Email: noorhana_yahya@petronas.com.my
ABSTRACT
Manganese zinc ferrite (Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4) is soft ferrite material that has high permeability
and low energy losses. Manganese zinc ferrite (Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4) was synthesized by sol gel
technique as simple technique to obtain single phase nanoparticles. Stoichiometric amounts
of manganese nitrate Mn(NO3)2.4H2O, zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2.6H2O, and iron nitrate
Fe(NO3)3.9H2O were dissolve in nitric acid HNO3. The mixture were stirred at 250 rpm for 1
day and annealed at 700 C, 800 C, and 900 C. Characterization was using X-Ray
Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectra, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
(FESEM). The XRD results show major peak at 2 theta of 34 on [311] plane of the spinnel
cubic structure for Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 samples. Fesem results show that single phase
Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 with average dimension 30 nm can be obtained by sol gel technique. The
morphology of Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 was found as nanorods at sample annealed 700oC by sol gel
technique.
Keywords: Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4; sol-gel; nanorods
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 59
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 060
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GATELESS
UNDOPED-AlGaN/GaN HEMT DEVICE FOR PH SENSING
Maneea Eizadi Sharifabad, Mazuina Mohamad, Abdul Manaf Hashim
Material Innovations and Nanoelectronics Research Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Email: manaf@fke.utm.my {A.M. Hashim}
ABSTRACT
There is significant interest in concept of diagnosis approaches for pH value that can be
analyzed by a wide variety of sensors and biosensors. Detecting ion concentrations by
semiconductor devices has stimulated a developing field in semiconductor-based ion sensors.
Many semiconductor materials have been tested for their suitability as ion sensors; especially
there is an emerging interest in the use of wide band gap semiconductors as sensitive
chemical sensors. In this work, the fabrication and characterization of gateless undoped-
AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) device for pH sensing was carried
out. The presented sensor has used sensitivity of GaN heterostructures to surface charges as
a tool to measure the pH value of an electrolyte at various temperature ranges. At the
AlGaN/GaN interface, a polarization is induced by the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG)
formation which can be modulated by the surface charges. Our device structure is formed by
the undoped AlGaN/GaN on sapphire substrate. The 2DEG concentration and mobility of our
sample are 6.61×1012 cm-2 and 1860 cm2/Vsec, respectively. Different device sizes are
fabricated to investigate the effects of sensing area size on sensor performance where the
sensing area length is between 10 µm and 40 µm and the width is between 500 µm to 800 µm
. Electrolyte is placed on the open gate area and the effect of its pH value and the adsorbed
surface charges on the potential, charge, and current distribution inside an AlGaN/GaN
hetero-field-effect transistor is measured. The fabricated pH sensor has been evaluated in
various pH ranges. Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics, pH-voltage (pH-V) and pH-current
(pH-I) are measured in this study.
Keywords: pH Sensor; AlGaN/GaN HEMT
60 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 061
GROUP VELOCITY OF 2D SQUARE LATTICE METALLIC SLAB
PHOTONIC CRYSTALS WITH AIR RODS IN E POLARIZATION
MODE
K. L. Low, M. Z. Mat Jafri, Sohail A. Khan
School of Physics,
Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Minden 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
Email: bennywt@gmail.com, mjafri@usm.my, sakhan_physics@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The object of this paper is to calculate and study the group velocity of the 2D square lattice
metallic slab photonic crystals. The proposed structure is a photonic crystals with a infinite
rectangle metallic slab and embedded with air rods in square lattice arrangement. We
continued the plane wave expansion method (PWE) to analysis the band structure which we
used it for calculation of group velocity. We only focused on the E polarization mode. The
dielectric function of the metal from which the metallic substrate is the free electron form
ε(ω)=1-(ωp2/ω2) where ωp is the plasma frequency of the conducting electron. We presented
the group velocity of photonic crystals and the result is discussed.
Keywords: Photonic crystals; metallic slab; band structure; group velocity
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 61
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 062
GATELESS n-AlGaN/GaN HEMT STRUCTURE FOR pH SENSING
Mastura Shafinaz Zainal Abidin, Maneea Eizaidi Sharif, Abdul Manaf Hashim
Material Innovations and Nanoelectronics Research Group,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Email: mastura@fke.utm.my, manaf@fke.utm.my
ABSTRACT
This undergoing work examines the performance of open-gate field-effect-transistor (FET)
type n-AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) structure for pH sensing
applications. The material is n-AlGaN/GaN structure grown on Sapphire. Sample fabrication
starts from mesa patterning then continue with the drain and source electrodes formation,
which are formed by deposition of Ti/Al/Ti/Au multilayer and annealing. Then, the device
surface will be covered with SiO2 film with a thickness of 100 nm using sputtering technique.
The open-gate is formed through photolithography and wet etching processes in a buffered
HF solution. The open-gate region is bare, and not intentionally passivated. Measurement set
up of this work consists of a parameter analyzer, potentiostat, and also a pH meter. The
measurements will be performed in a mixed solution of HCl and NaOH in deionized (DI)
water, which is focusing on transfer characteristics in the linear region. The sensitivity of the
surface potential change might be determined and will be compared with the theoretical
value of redox potential shift in the solution. It is targeted that the results of measured rate of
threshold voltage shift of n- AlGaN/GaN pH sensor will be close to theoretical value which is
given by Nernstian equation.
Keywords: n-AlGaN/GaN; pH sensor; HEMT
62 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 063
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Pt-CIRCULAR
SCHOTTKY DIODE FOR HYDROGEN GAS SENSING
Mazuina Mohamad1, Maneea Eizadi Sharif Abad1, Abdul Manaf Hashim1, Azlan Abdul Aziz2,
Roslan Mat Hashim2
1
Material Innovations and Nanoelectronics Research Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
2
Nano-Optoelectronics Research, Faculty of Physics,Universiti Sains Malaysia,
11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
Email: manaf@fke.utm.my {A.M Hashim }
ABSTRACT
The detection of hydrogen and hydrocarbon gases is necessary for applications such as
combustion control and leak detection. Presently, various sensing device structures are
studied including metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure and Schottky diode
structure. However, high temperature operation and long term stability are considered as
important requirements for gas sensing application. There is a strong interest in applying
gallium nitride (GaN) – based materials for various gas sensing applications. These wide
bandgap materials are capable of operating at elevated temperature, higher than 600°C. In
this study, AlGaN/GaN HEMT is utilized for hydrogen gas sensing at various temperatures
and pressures. The sheet concentration and mobility of our samples are 6.61×1012 cm-2 and
1860 cm2/Vsec, respectively. Pt and Ti/Al/Ti/Au metals were evaporated to form the Schottky
contact and the ohmic contact, respectively. The sensing characteristics of Pt circular
Schottky diode are systematically studied and compared over wide ranges of hydrogen
concentration and temperatures. The dependence of area Schottky contact on hydrogen
sensitivity is also investigated. Particularly, the current-voltage (I-V), time transients of
current (I-t) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics were evaluated in this study.
Keywords: HEMT; Gas Sensor; Schottky Diode; GaN; Hydrogen
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 63
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 064
FABRICATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES THROUGH
INNOVATIVE METAL INJECTION MOULDING PROCESS
M.A.Omar, I.Subuki, N.Abdullah, A.Amer, M.Taha
AMREC, SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi Tech 2/3,
Kulim Hi Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah
Email: afian@sirim.my
ABSTRACT
The emphasis on miniaturisation, design flexibility, broad based applications and low cost
has been stretching the capabilities of conventional manufacturing routes to the limit. An
example of a new approach to meeting such challenges has been the development of Powder
Injection Moulding (PIM). This process technology is an elegant blend of plastic injection
moulding, based on the use of fine powder particles and the application polymer science and
conventional powder metallurgy, which delivers structural materials using a shaping
technology previously restricted to polymers. After shaping, careful removal of the binder
leaves a skeleton of metal or ceramic, which although fragile, can be handled safely and
sintered in much the same way as traditional die compacted parts. MIM has established itself
as a competitive manufacturing process for small precision components which would be
costly to produce by alternative methods in large volume. This paper will cover including
powder and binder selection, feedstock preparation, moulding of the feedstock, debinding
process and sintering of 17-4PH stainless steel powder for medical applications. Attention is
given especially to recent developments in SIRIM Berhad.
Keywords: metal injection moulding; 17-4PH stainless steel; sintering; binder
64 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 065
VARIOUS ANNEALING TEMPERATURE EFFECT TO THE
ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED
TIO2 THIN FILM
M. K. Ahmad1, 3, N. A. Rasheid1, A. Zain Ahmed2, M. Rusop1
1
Solar Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA
(UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Research Management Institute (RMI), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah
Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
(UTHM), 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Email: sumirpkj@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) thin film has been successfully deposited onto glass
substrate using sol-gel and deposited by spin coating technique. Nanostrcutured TiO2 thin
films were annealed at room temperature (as deposited), 400°C, 450°C, 500°C and 550°C.
Sol-gel concentration was fixed at 0.1M and spin coating speed and time were fixed at 3000
rpm and 30sec, respectively. For the electrical properties, nanostructured TiO2 thin film
annealed at 450°C gives the lowest resistance compared with other nanostructured TiO2 thin
film. For optical transmittance properties, it showed that increasing in annealing
temperature will decrease the transmittance properties. It is due to light scattering from
prepared nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film. It is also showed that all nanostructured TiO2 thin
film give more than 70% of transmittance percentage and fully absorbed ultra-violet light at
300 nm of wavelength
Keywords: Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide Thin Film; Sol Gel Method; Annealing
temperature;
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 65
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 066
STUDY OF MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES FOR THE
DELIVERY OF ANTICANCER DRUGS
SaharArdalan Khales, Sima Ardalan Khales
Genetic Students, members of young research club, Islamic Azad University branch of
Tonekabon, Iran
Email: saardalan2007@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Among a variety of drug-delivery systems, mesoporous silica materials have several
attractive features for use in the delivery of water-insoluble drugs. These particles have large
surface areas and porous interiors that can be used as reservoirs for storing hydrophobic
drugs. Mesoporous nanoparticles also offer the possibility of controlled release of anticancer
drugs. The pores in the nanoparticles could be closed by constructing an appropriate cap
structure. The ability to control the release of anticancer drugs provides mesoporous silica
nanoparticles with advantages over other drug-delivery systems such as PEGylated
liposomal particles or albumin-based nanoparticle.
Keywords: Mesoporous silica; anticancer drugs; drug-delivery
66 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 067
APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN THE BIOMEDICAL
INDUSTRY
Sima Ardalan Khales1, Sahar Ardalan Khales1, Arash Montazeri 2
1
Genetic Students, members of young research club, Islamic Azad University branch of
Tonekabon, Iran
2
Department of Polymer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran,
Iran
Email: siardalan2008@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has the potential of revolutionizing the
biomedical research as they can show superior performance because of their impressive
structural, mechanical, and electronic properties such as small size and mass, high strength,
higher electrical and thermal conductivity, etc.Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been used to
deliver therapeutic molecules and micro-structures to targeted cells and organs in a safe
manner, which generates a low immunogenic response and is generally low in toxicity. As
CNTs possess the ability to carry molecules of interest across the cytoplasmic membrane and
nuclear membrane without producing a toxic effect, they prove to be a very effective drug
delivery method. This review will focus on recent developments in nanomedicine, specifically
those which utilize carbon nanotubes in the delivery of peptides.
Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Nanomedicine; Peptides
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 67
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 068
PRESS AND SINTERING OF PURE Ti AND Ti-6%Al-7%Nb ALLOY
Nurul Asyikin Adenan, Mohd. Idrus Sidik and Mohmad Soib Selamat
AMREC, SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim,
Kedah, Malaysia
Email: asyikin@sirim.my
ABSTRACT
Commercial pure titanium and titanium alloys are widely used as implant materials in
medical and dental applications due to their superior biocompatibility, corrosion resistance
and specific strength compared with other metallic implant materials. A group of researchers
in SIRIM Berhad is investigating powder metallurgy techniques for producing pure Ti and
Ti-6%Al-7%Nb alloy. This paper presents research outcomes of the prepared samples by
using press-and-sinter techniques.
Keywords: Pure titanium; Alloy; Press; Sinter
68 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 069
METALLIC BIOMATERIALS IN ORTHOPEDIC APPLICATION -
A REVIEW
M. Bahrami Nasab, M.R. Hassan, Aidy Ali, B.B.Sahari
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Engineering Faculty University
Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: m.bahraminasab@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Since biomaterials can improve the quality and durability of human life, recently it has
become an essential field of study. This subject is vital in orthopedic especially in hip and
knee due to increasing trend to replace degraded and destroyed organs by artificial or
simulated ones. This paper discusses the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of
current metallic materials such as stainless steel, chromium cobalt alloys and Ti alloys
and demonstrates that there is a lack on fulfilling fundamental requirements such as
mechanical and biological compatibility, wear and corrosion resistance in organic
environment. Subsequently NiTi shape memory alloy and its porous form are introduced
to find if these materials can satisfy fundamental requirements and whether their superior
characteristics make them highly capable to apply as an implant biomaterial. At the end,
the paper suggests that NiTi shape memory alloy spatially the porous form, probably can
be used or may be replaced the currently used metallic biomaterials, regardless to the
cost.
Keywords: Biomaterial requirement; Porous NiTi, Joint replacement
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 69
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 070
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF O-CRESOL WITH MN-
DOPED ZNO NANOPARTICLES
Y. Abdollahi1, A. H. Abdullah1,2, Z. Zainal1,2, N. A. Yusof2
1
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: halim@science.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Manganese-doped and undoped ZnO photocatalysts were synthesized at room temperature.
2+
Doping of ZnO with manganese (Mn ) was intended to decrease the band gap of ZnO. These
can subsequently be used as efficient photocatalysts which can effectively degrade organic
contaminants with visible light irradiation. Photocatalysts prepared which were
characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
photon cross-correlation spectroscopy (PCCS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution
scanning electron micrograph (HR-SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) and UV–vis-
spectroscopy showed significant difference in the optical absorption of Mn-doped ZnO.
Enhancement in optical absorption of Mn-doped ZnO indicates that it can be used as an
efficient photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation activities of
photocatalysts were evaluated using o-cresol as organic contaminant irradiated with visible
2+
light. It was found that Mn-doped ZnO (ZnO:Mn ) removes o-cresol much faster than
undoped ZnO.
Keywords: Visible light; Mn-doped ZnO Nanoparticles, o-cresol, photodegradation
70 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 071
SYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES
SYNTHESIZED BY CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF METHANE
USING BI-METAL CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON MGO
Beh Hoe Guan1, Irmawati Ramli1,2, Noorhana Yahya4, Lim Kean Pah3
1
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia.
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang
Selangor, Malaysia
4
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar
Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh Perak, Malaysia.
Email: Irmawati@science.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
We have synthesized carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of methane using Fe and
Co bi-metal catalysts supported on MgO. Bi-metal catalysts were prepared by impregnated
Fe and Co on MgO as a supported catalyst. TEM results show the as-prepared carbon
nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with the diameter in the range
30nm to 50nm. Purification of as-prepared MWCNTs was carried out by liquid phase
purification technique. EDX results show the Fe, Co and MgO catalysts were successfully
removed by refluxing the as-prepared MWCNTs in 3M H2SO4.
Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Chemical vapour deposition; Bi-metal catalyst; purification
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 71
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 072
THE EFFECT OF DIRECT CURRENT AND TEMPERATURE
STRESSES ON VARISTOR CERAMICS PREPARED BY SOLID STATE
AND CO-PRECIPITATION TECHNIQUE
M.G.M. Sabri, B.Z Azmi, S.A. Warid, A.N. Fauzana, M.K. Halimah, M. Hashim
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
Email: mgm.sabri@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The stresses to DC and AC aging, humidity, multiple impulse voltages and high temperatures
are known to affect the varistor performance and it is also crucial to know the effect of both
DC electrical and temperature stresses at the same time. Here, the simultaneous DC
electrical and temperature stresses degradation was investigated to see the changes of
nonlinear coefficient (α) in Zn-Bi-Ti oxide low-voltage varistor ceramics sintered at various
sintering temperatures (1140°C to 1260°C) and two sintering duration times of 45 and 90
minutes prepared samples by using solid state route and co-precipitation technique. The
current-voltage characteristics of the varistor ceramics were evaluated. The α of ceramic
was observed to be decreased with increasing sintering temperature. After loaded with DC
and temperature stresses of 0.75V1mA/ 80°C/ 12h, the α of ceramics for 90 minutes sintering
time decreases with sintering temperature, however that sintered for 45 minutes sintering
time increase with sintering time. The effect of DC and temperature stresses in Zn-Bi-Ti
oxide ceramics sintered at very long time cause the α to decrease as evidence from higher
leakage current.
Keywords: ZnO; Low-voltage varistor; Degradation; solid state route; Co-precipitation
72 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 073
EFFECT OF ACIDIC TREATMENT ON CARBON NANOTUBES FOR
IMMOBILIZATION OF CELLULASE ENZYME
Rasha Mohammed, Ma’an Fahmi Al-khatib, Md. Zahangir Alam
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Group (NANORG), Department of
Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic
University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Email: rasharusa@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The discovery of carbon nanotubes and the prospect of developing novel carbon-based
nonmaterial have excited worldwide interest among researchers. However, the lack of
solubility of carbon nanotubes (hydrophobic) in aqueous media has been a major technical
barrier. The recent expansion in methods to chemically modify and functionalize CNTs has
made it possible to solubilise and disperse CNTs in water (hydrophilic), thus opining the path
for their facile manipulation and processing in wide applications. In this work, multi- walled
CNTs are functionalized for comparison, using acidic treatment through mixing different
ratios of nitric acid and sulfuric acid (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3). The effect of these treatments on the
structure of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were characterized by using rang of
surface and compositional techniques (FTIR, FESEM and TEM) to study the optimum acid
treatment ratio that gives the best CNTs functionalization.
Keywords: Carbon Nanotubes; solubility; functionalization
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 73
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 074
MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF 5083-H321 ALUMINIUM ALLOY UNDER
FRETTING FATIGUE CONDITION
S. Eslamian1, B.B.Sahari1, Aidy Ali2
1
Institute Advanced Technology,
2
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: saeed.eslamian@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Fretting occurs where there is small amplitude oscillating motion between metal surfaces in
contact. With even small loads or prolonged operation, fretting may lead to crack initiation
followed by fretting fatigue. Its effect on fatigue is to speed up the nucleation of fatigue
surface cracks and it can be extremely damaging. Fretting fatigue is a critical concern in
aircraft structures and a widespread problem in naval structural components and is often the
root cause of fatigue crack nucleation in machine components. In this investigation, fretting
fatigue study is carried out using 5083-H321 marine/ aerospace aluminium alloy. The test rig
and the experiments were designed with an emphasis to study the crack initiation behaviour
in the fretted region using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The damages produced by
fretting and its relationship to the fretting fatigue life are discussed in the paper in some
depth.
Keywords: Fretting Fatigue; Fretting Damage; Crack Nucleation; Aluminium alloy; SEM
74 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 075
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE FORMATION OF ZNO
NANORODS BY CHEMICAL SOLUTION PROCESS
Zainovia Lockman, Khairunisak Abdul Razak
School of Materials and Mineral Resources engineering,
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Email: zainovia@eng.usm.my
ABSTRACT
High density ZnO nanorods array were grown on seeded Zn foil via aqueous solution route
in a closed system. The solution was consisted of HMT and zinc nitrate. The temperature of
the closed system was varied from 40 to 100oC in an effort to investigate the reaction path
leading to the formation of aligned ZnO nanorods. It was found that temperatures in between
60-80oC induced the adequate chemical reaction for ZnO to nucleate and grow on the seeded
substrate and after reaction time of 4 hours, the nanorods grew preferentially perpendicular
to the substrate. The mechanism of self aligned ZnO nanorods is discussed in this work.
Keywords: ZnO; nanorods
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 75
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 076
THE EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURES ON THE
ROBUSTNESS OF 50 AND 100NM DIAMETER TITANIA NANOTUBES
Zainovia Lockman, Syahriza Ismail, Srimala Sreekantan
School of Materials and Mineral Resources engineering,
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Email: zainovia@eng.usm.my
ABSTRACT
The formation of self-aligned titania nanotubes was performed via anodisation in a two-
electrode chemical bath with titanium as the anode. The effect of anodisation voltage was
investigated and it was found that higher voltage leads to larger diameter nanotubes. The
wall of the nanotubes also thickens as the anodisation voltage is increased. Annealing of the
nanotubes was performed to induce anatase titania. The robustness of the nanotubes was
also studied and it was found that depending on the initial diameter, complete destruction of
the nanotubes could occur at as low as 500oC.
Keywords: nanotubes; titania; annealing
76 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 077
DSC STUDIES AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF TERNARY
TeO2-B2O3-ZnO GLASS SYSTEM
J. N. Ayuni, M. K. Halimah, Z. A. Talib, W. M. Daud, A.W. Zaidan, A. M. Kamirul,
Z. Syaharudin
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia
Email: farhanayuni@yahoo.com, halimah@science.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
A series of ternary tellurite based glasses [ (TeO2)70 (B203)30 ] 100-x [ZnO] x glasses with
different compositions of ZnO (x= 5 to 30 wt.% in steps of 5 wt.%) have been synthesized by
melt quenching method. The thermal behaviour of the glass series was studied by using the
differential scanning calorimetry (DCS). Glass transition temperature Tg, crystallization
temperature Tx, and melting temperature Tm were determined. The role of ZnO to the glasses
structure was studied by IR spectroscopy. IR analysis indicates that as the ZnO content
increases, the coordination transformation of Te atoms in [TeO4] (tbp) groups into [TeO3]
(tp) groups is associated with the formation of NBOs, accompanied by a shift of the major
band of amorphous TeO2 to higher wavenumber, indicating the appearance of TeO3 units
corresponding to a reduction in the number of TeO4 units. An increase in the values of energy
band gap Eg may come down to the reason that the non-bridging oxygen ion content
decreases with increasing ZnO content and shifting the band edge to higher energies. The
optical band gap and Urbach energies were calculated from the absorption spectra measured
between 190 and 900 nm at room temperature. The optical band gap varies from 2.00 to 3.50
eV when the ZnO content increases from 5 to 30 wt.% in the glass matrix. The glasses have
high refractive indexes, which are more than 2.0.
Keywords: Tellurite glasses; DSC; IR spectroscopy; energy band gap; refractive index
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 77
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 078
CRYSTALLIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SILICA GLASS DOPED
WITH BISMUTH
I.Norfaizah1, H.A.A Sidek1,A.M. Khamirul1, T.H. Anuar2, S.A.Warid1
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia.
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
Email: chahchom@gmail.com, sidek@science.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Amorphous silica sample was prepared through sol-gel technique by using TEOS and
bismuth acetate as precursor hydrolyzing in aqueous solution acetate acid. The glass sample
of SiO2x Bi2O3 (1-x) where x=0.1 to 0.4 were sintered from 500○C until 1000○C for two hour in
order to study the effect of sintering process and dopant to the phase of sample. The
amorphous nature of each sample was confirmed by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The
crystallization of amorphous silica glass doped with bismuth has been studied by differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM),
transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and enhanced with energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy (EDS). Experimental data shows the crystallization of silica glass occurred as
Bi2O3 dopant is being added until 0.4% and sintered at more than 700○C.
Keywords: amorphous; silica glass; crystallization; sol-gel
78 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 079
UTILIZING OF CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION REACTOR FOR
PRODUCTION OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON IRON IMPREGNATED
ACTIVATED CARBON
Mohammed A. Al-Saadi1, Abdullah-Al-Mamun1, Suleyman A. Muyibi1, Muataz A. Atieh2,
Md. Zahangir Alam1, Iis Sopyan3, Yehya M. Ahmed1
1
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Group (NANORG), Department of
Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University
Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Head of Nanocarbon Research Unit Centre of
Research Excellent in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals,
P.O. Box 5050, Dhahran-31261, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Manufacturing and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
E-mail: en_hussen@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The potential application of carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) in adsorption processes requires it to
be attached to certain substrates. Attachment of (CNT) to powdered activated carbon (PAC)
is expected to enhance its ability for many industrial applications such as water treatment, oil
refining and gas storage. In this Research, the (PAC) was impregnated with IronIII ions in
various weight percentages (3%, 5% and 7%). The Fe + 3 impregnated (PAC) was used as a
substrate catalyst for growth of CNTs in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor at a
fixed reaction temperature and flow rates of both the hydrogen gas and carbon source. The
product was characterized by FSEM and TEM to study the optimum catalyst impregnation
percentage that gives the best CNT growth and distribution.
Keywords: Carbon Nanotubes; Nanotechnology; Chemical vapor deposition; Catalyst
impregnation; Activated carbon
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 79
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 080
ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATION OF SUPEROXIDE ION IN
IONIC LIQUID 1-(3-METHOXYPROPYL)-1-METHYLPIPERIDINIUM
BIS (TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL) IMIDE
Maan Hayyan1, Farouq S. Mjalli1, Mohd Ali Hashim1, Inas M. Al-Nashif2
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
2
Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh
Saudi Arabia
E-mail: maan_hayyan@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Industrial applications involving ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining increasing attention in
different areas such as separation, purification, waste management, catalysis and many
others. One of these interesting areas is related to the electrochemical generation of the
superoxide ion from oxygen and utilizing it in an IL environment in different applications
such as: destruction of hazardous compounds, generation of new reactions and conversion of
chemical species. In this work, the superoxide ion was generated and analysed
electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques from oxygen dissolved in a
room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-(3-methoxypropyl)-1-methylpiperidinium bis
(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, at atmospheric pressure. UV-vis techniques were used for
testing the stability of the generated superoxide ion. It was found that the generated
superoxide ion was stable which indicates its possible use for further useful applications.
Keywords: Superoxide ion; Ionic liquids; Cyclic voltammetry
80 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 081
HEATING EFFECT OF PULSED LASER ABLATION IN SUBSTRATE
TOWARDS ORIENTATION OF CARBON MICROSTRUCTURE
Liew Seng-Choy1, Irmawati Ramli1,2, Noorhana Yahya3, Abdul Halim Shaari4
1
Advanced Material and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology
(ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM
Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,
Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
4
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Email: irmawati@science.upm.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Carbon thin film has been successfully deposited by second harmonic Nd:YAG pulsed laser
ablation deposition, PLD. The topology and morphology of the deposited layers was studied
by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and emission dispersion X-ray (EDX) to determine
the existence of elements that constitutes the microstructure. Substrate heated up at 500°C
during the laser ablation showed the most homogenous microstructure as compared to layer
ablated at lower substrate temperature.
Keywords: Pulsed laser ablation deposition; heating substrate; thin film; carbon
microstructure
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 81
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 082
STUDY OF MACHINING PARAMETERS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS
IN ELECTRO DISCHARGE MACHINING OF TOOL STEEL
R. Daud, M. A. Hassan, Z. Ezree, S. H. Tomadi, M. M. Noor, K. Kadirgama, M. R. M. Rejab
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,
26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
Email: rosdidaud@ump.edu.my
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the study of machining parameters on surface roughness in Electro
Discharge Machining (EDM) of tool steel. The Full Factorial Design of Experiment (DOE)
from software STATISTICA was used to formulate the experiment layout, to analyze the effect
of each parameter on the machining characteristic, and to predict the optimal choices for
each EDM parameters. The selected EDM parameters were Peak Current, IP (8 and 16 A),
Pulse ON-time (2 and 24 µs), Pulse OFF-time (2 and 3 µs) and Servo Voltage, SV (30 and 40
V). Machining is performed on EDM Sodick AQ55L model. The Surface Roughness Tester
Series Mahrsurf XR 20 is used to measure Ra. From the analysis by Full Factorial DOE, it
shows that Peak Current and Pulse ON-time have significant effect to surface roughness. The
analysis also determined the optimum condition of the machining parameter. The lower
values of these parameters the lower surface roughness. The confirmation tests and
comparison test were performed for the optimum condition for the machining characteristic.
The result of comparison tests showed that the percentage of performed is not accurate but
this result can be accepted because the error percentage is below 10%.
Keywords: EDM, STATISTICA; Peak Current; Surface Roughness; Optimum Parameter
82 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 083
MODIFICATION OF POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF CARBON NANOFIBERS (CNFS)
Yehya M. Ahmed, Abdullah-Al-Mamun, Suleyman Aremu Muyibi, Ma'an Fahmi R. Al-
Khatib, Ahmed Tariq Jameel, Mohammed A. AlSaadi
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology research Group (NANORG), Department of Biotechnology,
Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak
53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Email: yahya1963@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
In the present work, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was modified and used for the
production of carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The modification of PAC was done by the
impregnation of nickel on the surface of the activated carbon using the wet impregnation
method. Variable weight percentage ratios of the catalyst (nickel) ratio were used. The
nanofibers were synthesized on the surface of modified PAC by using the Chemical Vapor
Deposition (CVD) method at a Temp. of ~ 680º C for one hour in the presence of acetylene as
a carbon source. FESEM, TEM, TGA and FTIR were used for the characterization of the
product.
Keywords: Carbon Nanofibre (CNF); Impregnation; Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 83
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 084
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COVALENT AND NONCAVLENT
FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CNTS ITS APPLICATION IN PROTEIN
PURIFICATION
Mubarak.N.M1., Faridah Y1., Alkhatib M. F1, Muataz A. A.2, Mohammed A. Al Saadi1,
Khalid M1
1
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Group (NANORG), Department of
Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University
Malaysia, PO Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Head of Nanocarbon Research Unit Centre of
Research Excellent in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals,
P.O. Box 5050, Dhahran-31261, Saudi Arabia
Email: yfaridah@iiu.edu.my, mubarak.yaseen@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Carbon nanotubes are in great demand for their fascinating mechanical, physical and
chemical properties. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been synthesized by a gas phase Double
Stage Chemical Vapor Deposition (DS-CVD) technique with acetylene and hydrogen as a
precursor. Optimizing the process parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time,
and gas flow rate of acetylene and hydrogen respectively by using Design expert version 6.0.
The morphology and the structure of CNTs were characterized by using FSEM, TEM, and
TGA. These produced CNTs were purified and functionalized. Further these functionalized
(both covalent and non covalent CNTs) were used as column chromatographic media to be
used in skim latex protein purification. During the purification technique, the process
parameters, such as pH and ionic strength of the buffer were optimized to achieve higher
efficiency in protein purification.
Keywords: CNTs; DS-CVD; Functionalization; skim latex; protein purification
84 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 085
TAGUCHI METHOD IN DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM SPOT
WELDING PARAMETERS FOR AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENT
M. A. Hassan1, S. Safian2, M. A. C. Omar1, R. Daud1, S. H. Tomadi1, M. S. Reza1
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak,
26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai,
Johor, Malaysia
Email: masszee@ump.edu.my
ABSTRACT
Resistance spot welding (RSW) is used for the fabrication of sheet metal assemblies. The
process is used widely in the automotive structural application for many years in joining low
carbon or mild steel. The mild steel also used for the unibody collision repair for the car
body. The major advantages of spot welding are high speed and adaptableness for
automation in high-volume or high-rate production. Despite these advantages, the
determination of appropriate welding parameters for spot welding is a very complex matter.
A small change of one parameter will influence other parameters too. For example the
different combination value of each parameter will produce the different toughness of weld
joining. The welding process usually depends on the thickness of the workpiece and the types
of the welding apparatus uses. In this study, the Taguchi method is used to determine the
optimum spot welding parameters for automotive component. The material that will be used
as a workpiece is mild steel with the thickness of 1 mm, 70 mm length and 30mm width. There
will be two workpieces that will be used in this study which have the same thickness, length
and width in order to weld them using the resistance spot welding. The strength of the joining
will be tested using the tensile test machine. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied in
order to investigate the optimal spot welding parameters when different level of parameters
is used to weld the work piece. From this study, the main parameters that affect the
performance of the spot welding can be determined.
Keywords: Resistance spot welding (RSW); ANOVA; optimisation and mild steel
ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA 85
International Advanced of Technology Congress (ATCi),PWTC, Malaysia. November 3-5, 2009
CAMAN 086
PREPARATION OF STABLE CNT DISPERSIONS USING GUM
ARABIC
Rashmi. W1, Ismail. A. F2, Jameel. A. T1, Asrar. W2, Yusof. F1, Al-Khatib. M. F1, Khalid.
M1, Mubarak. N. M1
1
Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia
P.O Box 10 50728 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia
P.O Box 10 50728 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
Email: rash_chem@engineer.com
ABSTRACT
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most exciting discoveries in nanophysics. CNTs are
usually packed into crystalline ropes that form networks due to strong Vander Waals
attaraction. Aggregation of these CNTs are obstacle to most of the applications which
diminished its special properties. Thus, this paper aims to produce stable CNT dispersion
using gum arabic as a dispersant. The CNT concentration is varied from 0.01-0.1 wt% while
the concentration of GA is varied from 1-12 wt% respectively. This work gives detailed
information on effect of CNT concentration, GA concentration and sonication time on
stability of CNT dispersions. UV-Vis Spectrophotometer was used to measure the
concentration of CNT with respect to sedimentation time.
Keywords: Stability; Carbon nanotubes; dispersions; gum arabic
86 ISBN xxxx-xxxx @ 2009 ITMA
