Cars, Fuels, and the Future of Air Quality

Cars, Fuels, and the Future of Air Quality Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 1 Clean Vehicle Powerplants: Dream or Reality? Ben Knight Honda R&D Americas Clean Mobility Symposium Riverside, CA September 4, 2002 Key Energy and Emission Issues Intensity of Concern (Sustainability) Energy Climate Change Air Pollution (Greenhouse Gas, CO2 Reduction) (Emissions: VOCs, NOx, CO, PM, Toxics) 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 3 Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 Honda’s Motivation Genuine concern for environmental issues High targets, ‘Challenging Spirit’ Pursuit of new technology Practical, ‘market-ready,’ ‘real-world’ applications Solutions that also satisfy customer needs Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 4 Near-Zero Emissions Real World? Robust ‘Real-World’ Control Durable Cold Start Solutions Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 5 Honda’s Powerplant Roadmap Hydrogen fueled FCV Hydrogen fueled FCV FCV + Efficiency Improvement of Internal Combustion Engines Improvement of Internal Combustion Engines s r id b Hy y cy ien c en ci Effi c Effi e gin e gin n n eE se E as c re a c re In In 1990 2000 2010 2020 September 4, 2002 6 Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside Honda’s Environmental Leadership 1975 Civic CVCC 1st to meet ’70’s Clean Air Act, without a catalyst 1986 Civic CRX-HF 1st to top 50-mpg mark 1990 VTEC engine introduced Seemingly-incompatible achievement of -1. Strong performance 2. Low emissions 3. High fuel economy Honda’s Recent Environmental Leadership 1996 2000 Low Emission Gasoline Vehicles Electric Vehicles Natural Gas Vehicles Hybrids V1 V1 V2 V2 V3 V3 V4 V4 FCX FCX Fuel Cell Vehicles What is the Concept? Safety Performance Fuel Efficiency Environment Features / Styling Quality / Value / Affordable September 4, 2002 9 Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside Vehicle Emissions Standards U.S. Emissions History Are these emission reductions real? (FTP, Reactive HC in g/mile) Catalysts Introduced 1.5 Cleaner-Burning Gasoline Introduced (CA Phase 2, 1996) 1.0 Zero / Near-Zero Emissions Typical 2000 US Car Typical 2002 Tier 1 US Car 0.25 LEV ULEV 0.075 0.04 0.41 SULEV Near ZERO 0.01 Honda EV PLUS Honda Electric Fuel Cell Vehicle Vehicle ZERO ZERO 1975 1990 2000 LEV ULEV SULEV September 4, 2002 10 Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside U.S. Emissions History Vehicle Emissions Levels Are these emission reductions real? (FTP, Reactive HC in g/mile) Catalysts Introduced 1.5 Cleaner-Burning Gasoline Introduced (CA Phase 2, 1996) 1.0 Zero / Near-Zero Emissions Honda Typical Accord SULEV, 2000 ’03 Civic HEV SULEV, US Car Typical Insight CVT SULEV, Honda 2002 Tier 1 Civic NGV EV PLUS Honda US Car 0.25 SULEV Electric Fuel Cell LEV ULEV Near ZERO Vehicle Vehicle 0.075 0.04 0.01 ZERO ZERO 0.41 1975 1990 2000 LEV ULEV SULEV September 4, 2002 11 Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside Points EPA 10-Point Scale for Emissions Emission Level & Class (note: Tier 2 standards apply to all classes) Emissions Rating 10 Pounds of Smog Smog Forming Pollutants, g/mi Forming Pollution NOx NOx + NMOG + NMOG per 15,000 mi. ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicle) CA SULEV II EPA Tier 2 Bin 2 Tier 2 Bin 3 Tier 2 Bin 4 Light Duty ULEV II Tier 2 Bin 5 (& LEV II) Tier 2 Bin 6 (& LEV II) Tier 2 Bin 7 Tier 2 Bin 8a Car and Small Truck ULEV 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.24 0.32 0.36 2.11 3.66 0.0 1.0 1.0 2.8 3.6 4.1 5.3 6.3 7.9 10.7 11.7 69.8 121.1 “10” 10 10 9 “9” “8” “7” “0” 9 9 8 8 7 7 7 0 0 Largest Truck Tier 1 Largest Truck Tier 1 CA Why CE-CERT? Dramatic progress to develop clean vehicles - Are we are on the right track to assure air quality? Vehicles outpace the ability to assess emissions - CE-CERT’s broad research capabilities are needed: • World class expertise • Lab and on-road experience • Integrated approach • Application of scientific method – “honest broker” SAE Papers # 2000-01-1140 and 2000-01-1142 Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 13 Near Zero Emissions Approach Cold Start Emissions Solutions Catalyst Efficiency Approaching 100 percent Robust Real World Control Durable Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 14 Cold Start Emission Solutions e.g. Accord SULEV e.g. Accord SULEV New sequential injection approach Non-rich combustion Catalyst activation in seconds Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 15 Effective, Durable New Catalysts (e.g. Accord SULEV) (e.g. Accord SULEV) Fast Activation New structures and formulation Almost 100% of Smog Forming Compounds Removed High Efficiency Catalyst efficiency approaching 100% Durable Operates in “sweet spot” over lifetime Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 16 Performance w/o Compromise Next-Generation Engines – e.g. Accord L4 180 220 Increased Power 160 hp Increased Fuel Efficiency (AT) 140 24/33 city/highway mpg Reduced Emissions 100 Current 2.3L 140 60 100 LEV II: LEV & SULEV 20 2000 4000 Ne (rpm) 6000 60 More Power, Lower Fuel Consumption, and Near Zero Emissions Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 17 Torque ( lb-ft ) Power ( hp ) New ‘03 ACCORD 180 Honda’s Approach to Meeting the Environmental Challenge Implement practical near-term solutions Clean air impact through widespread use Meet customer expectations Focus on technology / fuels with highest potential toward long term goals Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 18 Honda vehicles here today 2003 Accord CA SULEV ‘Zero Evap Emission’ fuel system First high-volume, near-zero emissions vehicle on sale 2002 Insight CVT CA SULEV First gas-electric hybrid in the U.S. Most fuel-efficient vehicle on sale – MY2000-2001-2002-2003 2003 Civic Hybrid CA SULEV Early ‘03 ‘Zero Evap Emission’ fuel system First hybrid vehicle to share body and platform with a mass-produced model 2003 Civic GX CVT CA / U.S. EPA SULEV + ILEV ‘Zero Evap Emission’ fuel system Only vehicle on sale with 50-state SULEV certification 2002 CR-V CA LEV II LEV U.S. EPA Tier II Bin 5 ‘LEV’ Cleanest gasoline-powered truck on sale in the U.S. Cars, Fuels, and the Future of Air Quality Clean Mobility Symposium University of California, Riverside September 4, 2002 20