The Future of WAP Version 1.2 and Beyond

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The Future of WAP: Version 1.2 and Beyond Andy Wigley WAP Business Development Coordinator Secure Trading andy.wigley@securetrading.com Web: www.securetrading.com New Features in WAP v1.2.1 v1.2.1 devices will be on the market by end 2000 The main thrust of the work has been in removing ambiguities and making minor editorial corrections to v1.1 specifications The aim is to reduce interoperability problems! Important improvements to WAE: - Push - UAProf - Security enhancements (WIM) Ø Ø Ø Ø Changes to WML New features: Ø The accesskey attribute enables authors to request/suggest a "shortcut" to and elements, allowing the user to activate an element by pressing a single key: TOC Ø The 
 element indicates to a user agent that text is preformatted.

Changes to WML (cont.)
A default alignment attribute has been added to :



Ø

Ø

An enctype attribute has been added to , enabling an author to specify how data should be submitted by the user agent. There are two options:
enctype="multipart/form-data" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"

Ø

Input formatting now specifies "up to n" characters, rather than an absolute number.

WTAI Enhancements
Add/change a phonebook entry Voice call control: callStatus, listCall New events: – Voice call control: outgoing call, connecting call, DTMF sent – Network text: incoming network text, network text sent – Miscellaneous: network status indication

Ø Ø Ø

New Specifications
"Push" – Allows information to be transmitted to a device without previous user action – Push transactions are server-initiated – PPG (Push Proxy Gateway) acts as intermediary between server (push initiator) and WAP client

Ø

Push Architecture

Push in Use
Push submission – Message contains three entities, sent as a multipart/related message:
– Control entity – Content entity – Optional capability entity (UAProf format)
Ø Ø Ø Ø

Ø

Result notification Push cancellation Status query Client capabilities

Push Content
Service Indication (SI), used to send notifications: – Of new e-mail, stock price changes, reminders, advertising, etc. – Consists of a short message and a URL WML and WMLScript An application identifier in the header may target content to a specific user agent in the device

Ø

Ø Ø

Push Security Considerations
Trust in the push initiator (PI) must be established! – TLS/SSL session-level certificates between push initiator and PPG – Certificates used to encrypt/digitally sign pushed content on an end-to-end basis – HTTP authentication – Private, trusted network, in which the PI is implicitly trusted

Ø

UAProf
Extends WAP v1.1 to enable end-to-end flow of a User Agent Profile between a WAP client, intermediate network points and the origin server May include: – Hardware characteristics – Software characteristics – Application/user preferences – WAP characteristics – Bearer network characteristics

Ø

Ø

Wireless Security Enhancements
WAP Identity Module (WIM) – Tamper-proof storage mechanism for private keys and certificates for end user devices – Primarily targeted at SIMs/smart cards WMLScript Crypto Library – Provides for both authentication and nonrepudiation at the application level for end user transactions

Ø

Ø

WAP v1.1 Security
Ø

WAP security: relies on phone, WAP gateway and content server

https protocol

WAP v1.2 Security

Public Certificates Public Certificates

X.500 Certificate Repository

CA Certificates CA Certificates

TLS/SSL security

WTLS Certificates WTLS Certificates

X509 Certificates X509 Certificates

WMLScript Crypto Library
Supports digital signature functionality – Other functionality such as encryption/ decryption or symmetric key based MAC may be added in future versions Functions – Crypto.signText() - persistent proof that someone has authorized a transaction

Ø

Ø

Enhanced Security for Consumers
Asymmetric key encryption is mandatory for digital signatures in some countries PKI Forum, Radicchio, and the Mobile Electronic Signature Consortium are promoting PKI and digital signatures – Add a "signature" button to phone keypads?

Ø Ø

Future Developments
The WAP Forum is working on a number of significant new specifications: – Transport layer end-to-end security
– WTLS session from the client all the way to the proxy in the content server's secure domain

Ø

– Provisioning architecture
– Trusted provisioning server supplying configuration parameters

– Wireless PKI – Multimedia

Future Developments (cont.)
Much faster phone networks – GPRS: end 2000 – HSCSD: mid 2000 – Edge: 2001 – UMTS (G3): 2002 Improved device inter-connectivity – Bluetooth: mid 2000

Ø

Ø

Future Developments (cont.)
Device to device communications Intelligent, integrated devices Consumer devices more capable, more indispensable!

Ø Ø Ø

Bluetooth, WAP v1.2.1, and HSCSD
Ericsson T36 - HSCSD – 28.8 kb/s instead of GSM's 9.6 kb/s - Bluetooth headset - Voice dialling - WAP v1.2.1 - Tri-band

Ø

WAP Competitors
NTT DoCoMo i-mode – Over 10 million users – Another 20,000 users every day – Specially written sites using Compact HTML (C-HTML) – Already Japan's most popular Internet access platform – First UK portal just announced

Ø

WAP Competitors (cont.)
SIM application toolkit – Allows network operators to send applications via SMS, or as cell broadcast messages – SAT applications are written in Java – Targeted at dual-slot phones for banking, etc. – GSM only, lack of support across handsets – WAP has more support

Ø

WAP Competitors (cont.)
Web clipping – Successful in US with Palm VII – More content available than WAP – Release in Europe summer 2000 – Specially-written sites work best – AvantGo clipping of 'regular' websites works quite well – Requires PC synchronization

Ø

WAP Competitors (cont.)
MExE (Mobile Station Application Execution Environment) – J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition): Sun's attempt to capture a share of the sub-PC market – Java virtual machine in mobile device – Framework on mobile phones for executing operator- or provider-specific applications – Will incorporate WAP, but provides additional services exceeding WAP

Ø

WAP Competitors (cont.)
Symbian EPOC32 – Another alternative to PalmOS, Windows CE – Set up by Psion, Ericsson, Nokia, and Motorola to develop an operating system for mobile devices – Symbian and Palm may form alliance – WAP works fine on EPOC

Ø

WAP Competitors (cont.)
Windows CE – Pocket PC – Competitor to PalmOS – Pocket Internet Explorer: full HTML web browsing

Ø

WAP Competitors (cont.)
HTML browser in mobile device instead of WML? – Today, phone processor, screen size, bandwidth make full HTML inappropriate. – As bearer network speeds increase to 2Mbit/s, why will "primitive" WML be required? – TCP/IP inclusion in WAP? There are technical obstacles to implementation over wireless networks, but much support for TCP in the transport layer for WAP 2.0. WTP/WML are optimized for their environment

Ø

Ø

WAP is not just WML!
WAP defines a set of protocols in transport, session and application layers Wireless market is growing very quickly, reaching new customers and providing new services Development of WAP is a continuing process to support emerging technologies Today, WAP is characterized by WML, which is aimed at delivering web-based content to low power devices, with limited input and output capabilities, over slow network links

Ø Ø Ø Ø

WAP is not just WML (cont.)
WAP protocols can be implemented on any OS: EPOC, J2ME, PalmOS, etc. WAP will be used to deliver "content" to mobile devices, not just WML Small, light, portable devices with long battery life will always be demanded by the consumer HTML web pages are too "fussy" for today's networks and phone capabilities The WAP Forum is working on enhancements to support multimedia services over 3G

Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø

Convergence
Next key focus for WAP is Universal Accessibility. Web content today is aimed at the de facto standard of a desktop PC with an HTML browser. WML browser, DoCoMo i-mode browsers and Palm browser are just the first of a new class of web clients, each with differing capabilities. Goal of Universal Accessibility is to ensure access to applications and services, with proper rendering of the content regardless of client capabilities. Avoid wireless "Tower of Babel"

Ø Ø Ø

Ø

Ø

XHTML
Ø

Ø Ø

XML is the Extensible Markup Language – a metalanguage used to create other languages – An XML application is any new markup language created in XML XHTML is an effort by the W3C to rewrite HTML as an XML application Modularized XHTML defines a core set of functionality, and a set of market-specific extensions
WIRELESS EXTENSIONS (WAP) TV EXTENSIONS XHTML 1.0

XHTML COMMON (SIMILAR TO HTML 3.2)

Write Content Once, Deploy Anywhere
Ø

Ø

Content (data to be displayed) is separated from rules for presentation (how it is displayed or markup language used) – Content will be authored as an XML application that describes the content itself – Presentation is contained in stylesheets that describe how content should be rendered to display on different clients To render content effectively, the rendering entity must know what kind of client is requesting the service, and its capabilities – This is where UAProf (and W3C's Composite Capability/Preference Profile) comes in!

The Future?

Universal Accessibility: a Reality?
Certainly, and sooner than you might think! Model completed mid-to-late 2001 UAProf in WAP v1.2, CC/PP in progress at W3C XHTML 1.0 is a W3C-proposed recommendation XSLT (extensible stylesheet language: transformations) is an approved W3C recommendation WAP Forum and W3C targeting completion of WML convergence with XHTML by Q4 2000

Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø

Ø

And For Now?
Web content providers generally have to reengineer their content for WAP Nokia WAP gateway tries to render HTML content for WAP IBM WebSphere Transcoding Publisher – Utilizes XHTML to profile content and devices – Also does HTML-to-WML conversion and content filtering Content development tool suppliers starting to deliver products generating HTML and WML content

Ø Ø Ø

Ø

Questions?

Andy Wigley WAP Business Development Coordinator Secure Trading andy.wigley@securetrading.com Web: www.securetrading.com




						  
						  


	    
	    

					 
            
        
    

	
	
	

		


	    
	    

		





		
		
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