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FUNDAMENTALS OF CGI
USING PERL:
INSTRUCTOR GUIDE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Course Description ...................................................................................................................... x
ProsoftTraining Courseware......................................................................................................... x
Course Objectives...................................................................................................................... xii
Classroom Setup ....................................................................................................................... xii
System Requirements ................................................................................................................ xii
Conventions and Graphics Used in This Book........................................................................... xiv
Classroom Setup Guide ......................................................................... Classroom Setup Guide-1
Lesson 1: Application Development Fundamentals 1-1
Pre-Assessment Questions........................................................................................................1-2
Overview of the Application Development Process .....................................................................1-3
The Application Development Process .......................................................................................1-3
Platforms, Languages and Protocols..........................................................................................1-9
Client-side Versus Server-side Scripting .................................................................................1-16
Hypertext Transfer Protocol ....................................................................................................1-18
Lesson 1 Review .....................................................................................................................1-22
Lesson 1 Instructor Section ....................................................................................................1-23
Additional Instructor Notes.....................................................................................................1-24
Lesson 2: Introduction to CGI and Perl 2-1
Pre-Assessment Questions........................................................................................................2-2
Web Architecture Overview .......................................................................................................2-3
What Is CGI? ............................................................................................................................2-3
Why Use CGI? ..........................................................................................................................2-6
What Is Perl? ............................................................................................................................2-6
Why Use Perl? ..........................................................................................................................2-6
Lesson 2 Review .......................................................................................................................2-8
Lesson 2 Instructor Section ......................................................................................................2-9
Additional Instructor Notes.....................................................................................................2-10
Lesson 3: Creating Simple Scripts 3-1
Pre-Assessment Questions........................................................................................................3-2
Key Concepts and Syntax .........................................................................................................3-3
Scalar Variables in Perl.............................................................................................................3-4
Lesson 3 Review .....................................................................................................................3-10
Lesson 3 Instructor Section ....................................................................................................3-12
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CCN02-CEFCGI-PR-303_toc.doc - page 1 of 6
Additional Instructor Notes.....................................................................................................3-13
Lesson 4: Perl Fundamentals 4-1
Pre-Assessment Questions........................................................................................................4-2
Accessing Environment Variables .............................................................................................4-3
Using CGI.pm to Access Environment Variables .......................................................................4-3
If Statement..............................................................................................................................4-5
Logical Expressions ..................................................................................................................4-6
Regular Expressions and Pattern Matching...............................................................................4-6
Perl Arrays ...............................................................................................................................4-7
Passing Values to Functions .....................................................................................................4-8
Associative Arrays ....................................................................................................................4-8
Loops .....................................................................................................................................4-10
Lesson 4 Review .....................................................................................................................4-15
Lesson 4 Instructor Section ....................................................................................................4-17
Additional Instructor Notes.....................................................................................................4-18
Lesson 5: Perl File Input and Output Capabilities 5-1
Pre-Assessment Questions........................................................................................................5-2
File IO Using File Handles ........................................................................................................5-3
File Modes ................................................................................................................................5-4
Using Files in Scripts................................................................................................................5-4
Creating a Hit Counter .............................................................................................................5-7
Lesson 5 Review .....................................................................................................................5-10
Lesson 5 Instructor Section ....................................................................................................5-11
Additional Instructor Notes.....................................................................................................5-12
Lesson 6: Controlling Processing and Output 6-1
Pre-Assessment Questions........................................................................................................6-2
Introduction to CGI.pm.............................................................................................................6-3
Incorporating HTML into Perl Using CGI.pm .............................................................................6-3
Using CGI.pm to Access Form Data ..........................................................................................6-4
Processing User-Entered Data ..................................................................................................6-6
Using One File to Create and Process an HTML Form ...............................................................6-7
Using Perl to Validate Form Input.............................................................................................6-8
Testing Your Script Offline........................................................................................................6-9
Lesson 6 Review .....................................................................................................................6-15
Lesson 6 Instructor Section ....................................................................................................6-17
Additional Instructor Notes.....................................................................................................6-18
Lesson 7: Saving User-supplied Data to a File 7-1
Pre-Assessment Questions........................................................................................................7-2
Saving Form Data to a File .......................................................................................................7-3
Modifying Form Data ................................................................................................................7-4
Pattern Matching Revisited .......................................................................................................7-6
Lesson 7 Review .....................................................................................................................7-12
Lesson 7 Instructor Section ....................................................................................................7-14
Additional Instructor Notes.....................................................................................................7-15
CCN02-CEFCGI-PR-303_toc.doc - page 2 of 6
Lesson 8: Reading a File 8-1
Pre-Assessment Questions........................................................................................................8-2
Introduction to Data Reading....................................................................................................8-3
Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions..............................................................................8-3
Substitution .............................................................................................................................8-5
Lesson 8 Review .......................................................................................................................8-7
Lesson 8 Instructor Section ......................................................................................................8-9
Additional Instructor Notes.....................................................................................................8-10
Lesson 9: Introduction to Databases 9-1
Pre-Assessment Questions........................................................................................................9-2
Introduction to Database Programming ....................................................................................9-3
Four Steps to Interacting with Databases .................................................................................9-4
Connecting to Databases ..........................................................................................................9-6
Structured Query Language......................................................................................................9-7
Quoting Revisited .....................................................................................................................9-9
Querying Table and Field Names ............................................................................................9-10
Web Database Query Example ................................................................................................9-11
Lesson 9 Review .....................................................................................................................9-18
Lesson 9 Instructor Section ....................................................................................................9-20
Additional Instructor Notes.....................................................................................................9-21
Lesson 10: Deleting and Inserting Database Records 10-1
Pre-Assessment Questions......................................................................................................10-2
Modifying Data in a Database .................................................................................................10-3
The do Method........................................................................................................................10-4
Web Database Control Example..............................................................................................10-4
Lesson 10 Review .................................................................................................................10-15
Lesson 10 Instructor Section ................................................................................................10-16
Additional Instructor Notes...................................................................................................10-17
Lesson 11: CGI Security Issues 11-1
Pre-Assessment Questions......................................................................................................11-2
Type of Attacks .......................................................................................................................11-3
Securing the CGI Script ..........................................................................................................11-3
Securing the Server ................................................................................................................11-4
Securing Form Data ...............................................................................................................11-6
Securing Data Passed to Commands.......................................................................................11-7
Lesson 11 Review .................................................................................................................11-15
Lesson 11 Instructor Section ................................................................................................11-16
Additional Instructor Notes...................................................................................................11-17
Course Assessment Course Assessment-1
Appendixes Appendixes-1
Glossary Glossary-1
Index Index-1
Supplemental CD-ROM Contents Supplemental CD-ROM Contents-1
Handouts: Optional Labs Handouts: Optional Labs-1
CCN02-CEFCGI-PR-303_toc.doc - page 3 of 6
Handouts: Quizzes Handouts: Quizzes-1
Handout: Course Assessment Handouts: Course Assessment-1
List of Labs
Lab 3-1: Creating your first Perl script ......................................................................................3-8
Lab 4-1: Determining browser type and print environment variables.......................................4-12
Lab 5-1: Adding a counter to myscript.pl ..................................................................................5-7
Lab 6-1: Enhancing myscript.pl to create a data entry form ......................................................6-9
Lab 7-1: Creating a file from data entered into a form ...............................................................7-8
Lab 8-1: Retrieving and formatting data from a mini-database ..................................................8-5
Lab 9-1: Using ODBC .............................................................................................................9-12
Lab 9-2: Creating a user query entry box ................................................................................9-13
Lab 10-1: Receiving and processing data from a form .............................................................10-6
Lab 10-2: Deleting records and updating a Web page............................................................10-10
Lab 11-1: Authenticating passwords .....................................................................................11-10
List of Optional Labs
Optional Lab 1-1: Using HTTP manually .................................................................................1-24
Optional Lab 2-1: Invoking a CGI program..............................................................................2-10
Optional Lab 3-1: Experimenting with Perl..............................................................................3-13
Optional Lab 4-1: Working with associative arrays..................................................................4-19
Optional Lab 5-1: Reading and testing files.............................................................................5-14
Optional Lab 6-1: Using the CGI.pm module...........................................................................6-19
Optional Lab 7-1: Using regular expressions and file handles .................................................7-15
Optional Lab 8-1: Using complex regular expressions .............................................................8-11
Optional Lab 9-1: Using the tables method .............................................................................9-25
Optional Lab 10-1: Updating records and updating a Web page ............................................10-17
Optional Lab 11-1: Using the DBI Taint attribute..................................................................11-17
List of Quizzes
Lesson 1 Quiz.........................................................................................................................1-28
Lesson 2 Quiz.........................................................................................................................2-12
Lesson 3 Quiz.........................................................................................................................3-15
Lesson 4 Quiz.........................................................................................................................4-22
Lesson 5 Quiz.........................................................................................................................5-17
Lesson 6 Quiz.........................................................................................................................6-23
Lesson 7 Quiz.........................................................................................................................7-19
Lesson 8 Quiz.........................................................................................................................8-13
Lesson 9 Quiz.........................................................................................................................9-27
Lesson 10 Quiz.....................................................................................................................10-23
Lesson 11 Quiz.....................................................................................................................11-19
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Web clients accessing file from server ...................................................................1-17
Figure 1-2: Simulated code demonstrating how Web pages can use client-side scripting
to appear like dynamic Web pages ....................................................................................1-17
Figure 1-3: GET request returns named resource or named process output ............................1-19
Figure 1-4: GET returns both message and header; HEAD returns header only.......................1-20
Figure OL1-1: Terminal Preferences dialog box .......................................................................1-24
Figure OL1-2: Connect dialog box ...........................................................................................1-25
CCN02-CEFCGI-PR-303_toc.doc - page 4 of 6
Figure OL1-3: Result of GET request ......................................................................................1-25
Figure OL1-4: Result of POST request.....................................................................................1-26
Figure OL1-5: Second result of POST request..........................................................................1-27
Figure 2-1: Browser, server and script interaction.....................................................................2-3
Figure OL2-1: OptionalLab2-1.htm .........................................................................................2-11
Figure OL2-2: Result of form submission ................................................................................2-11
Figure 3-1: Myscript.pl output results ......................................................................................3-9
Figure OL3-1: OptionalLab3-1.pl ............................................................................................3-14
Figure 4-1: MyScript1.pl .........................................................................................................4-14
Figure IN4-1: Result of OptionalLab4-1.pl...............................................................................4-19
Figure OL4-1: OptionalLab4-1.pl ............................................................................................4-20
Figure OL4-2: OptionalLab4-1.pl (cont'd) ................................................................................4-21
Figure 5-1: MyScript2.pl ...........................................................................................................5-8
Figure 5-2: MyScript.pl .............................................................................................................5-9
Figure IN5-1: Result of die operator ........................................................................................5-13
Figure IN5-2: Result of newline character appended to die text ...............................................5-13
Figure IN5-3: Result of using $! variable .................................................................................5-14
Figure OL5-1: Error message in browser.................................................................................5-15
Figure OL5-2: OptionalLab5-1.pl ...........................................................................................5-15
Figure OL5-3: OptionalLab5-1.pl (cont'd) ................................................................................5-16
Figure 6-1: Myscript3.pl as an interview form .........................................................................6-11
Figure 6-2: Results of form submission for accepted candidate ...............................................6-12
Figure 6-3: Results of form submission for rejected candidate.................................................6-12
Figure OL6-1: Cgipm.pl form ..................................................................................................6-21
Figure OL6-2: Results of form submission ..............................................................................6-21
Figure 7-1: Myscript4.pl HR interview form.............................................................................7-10
Figure OL7-1: Employee.dat ...................................................................................................7-17
Figure OL7-2: OptionalLab7-1.pl display ................................................................................7-17
Figure 8-1: Readdb.pl file in formatted file output .....................................................................8-6
Figure OL8-1: OptionalLab8-1.pl ............................................................................................8-12
Figure 9-1: Database Interface module .....................................................................................9-3
Figure 9-2: Results of database query .....................................................................................9-13
Figure 9-3: Search Employee Database entry box ...................................................................9-15
Figure 9-4: Data returned from user query .............................................................................9-15
Figure 9-5: Search page with no results found ........................................................................9-16
Figure OL9-1: OptionalLab9-1.pl ............................................................................................9-26
Figure 10-1: Employee database search and entry form ..........................................................10-9
Figure 10-2: Results screen showing successful entry into employee database ........................10-9
Figure 10-3: Odbc.pl showing new employee entry................................................................10-10
Figure 10-4: Employee Database update screen....................................................................10-12
Figure 10-5: Deletion results ................................................................................................10-13
Figure 10-6: Invalid ID results ..............................................................................................10-13
Figure OL10-1: Employee Database update screen ...............................................................10-20
Figure OL10-2: Employee update interface ...........................................................................10-21
Figure OL10-3: Employee Database update screen with updated data...................................10-21
Figure OL10-4: Invalid ID results..........................................................................................10-22
Figure 11-1: Microsoft Security Advisor ..................................................................................11-5
Figure 11-2: Employee Database password screen ................................................................11-12
Figure 11-3: Invalid admin name or password result ............................................................11-12
Figure 11-4: Employee Database for authenticated user .......................................................11-13
Figure OL11-1: OptionalLab11-1.pl ......................................................................................11-18
List of Tables
Table 2-1: Virtual and actual directories for class .....................................................................2-6
Table 3-1: Correct variable syntax ............................................................................................3-5
Table 3-2: Escape sequences ....................................................................................................3-6
CCN02-CEFCGI-PR-303_toc.doc - page 5 of 6
Table 4-1: Environment access methods ...................................................................................4-4
Table 4-2: Numeric and string operators...................................................................................4-6
Table 5-1: File modes................................................................................................................5-4
Table 6-1: CGI.pm HTML-generating methods...........................................................................6-3
Table 7-1: HTML generation methods and named parameters ...................................................7-5
Table 8-2: Quantifiers...............................................................................................................8-4
Appendixes
Appendix A: Objectives and Locations*
Appendix B: Installing Apache Server*
Appendix C: Installing Perl on UNIX and Win32*
Appendix D: References*
Appendix E: A Requirements Document*
Appendix F: Works Cited*
* Appendix found on Supplemental CD-ROM
CCN02-CEFCGI-PR-303_toc.doc - page 6 of 6
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