I Am The NRA An Analysis Of A National Random Sample Of Gun Owners

Alphabetical by title Articles I I Am The NRA: An Analysis Of A National Random Sample Of Gun Owners Weil, Douglas S and Hemenway, David Violence and Victims, Vol. 8, No. 4 Winter 1993 Data from a national random sample of gun owners were used to determine whether members of the National Rifle Association are a representative sample of all gun owners and how well the NRA's lobbying positions on gun control reflect the views of its membership and of nonmember gun owners. . "I Can Take Care Of Myself" : The Impact Of Self-Defense Training On Women's Lives Hollander, Jocelyn A. Thousand Oaks, CA: Violence Against Women, Vol. 10, No. 3, March 2004. Feminist self-defense classes teach skills for preventing and responding to violence. However, self-defense training has many positive effects on women's lives- effects that themselves may reduce women's risk of assault. In this article the author offers evidence of these effects drawn from a longitudinal study of self-defense training. "I Couldn't Go Anywhere" : Contextualizing Violence And Drug Abuse A Social Network Study James, Susan E and Raghavan, Chitra Violence Against Women, Vol. 10, No. 9, September 2004. The authors exmained the narratives of 24 substance-addicted welfare recipients to understand how their neighborhoods provide a particular context for substance abuse, violence and social isolation. The authors also examine the relationships among substance abuse, violence and social isolation. "I Just Let Him Have His Way”: Partner Violence In The Lives Of Low-Income, Teenage Mothers Rosen, Daniel Violence Against Women, Vol. 10, No. 1 January 2004 This study explores the relationship between teenage pregnancy and male partner violence by examining prevalence and effect of partner violence in a sample of new adolescent mothers. Data for this study are drawn from in -depth interviews with 35 new teenage mothers who had never been in, were currently involved in, or had recently exited from abusive partner relationships. The effect of partner violence on contraceptive use and pregnancy resolution are discussed as an important buffer for many of the adolescent mothers. "I Would Never Be A Secretary”: Reinforcing Gender In Segregated And Integrated Occupations Kennelly, Ivy Gender & Society, Vol. 16, No. 5 October 2002 Gender affects us, but we also affect gender. This study reveals some ways women in two types of occupations- furniture sales and secretarial- shape the system of gender. As they struggle to define their identities within a segregated occupational structure, these women evoke notions of their differences from men and women, as well as their similarities to each group, in ways that are consistent with feminist theoretical positions on these issues. I argue that the ways these women inadvertently reinforce gender either by upholding traditional gender categories or by devaluing women. Yet some women create a powerful opportunity to dismantle gender by appreciating the work women have done and aligning themselves with these women to break out of the staid categories. Identifying People With Learning Disabilities Who Have Been Sexually Abused Aylott, Jill British Journal of Nursing, Vol. 4, No. 19 1995 This brief article discusses the need for attention to the issue of sexual abuse of people with learning disabilities within the health care profession. "If You Let Me Play Sports”: How Might Sport Participation Influence The Self-Esteem Of Adolescent Females? Richman, Erin R and Shaffer, David R. Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2 June 2000 This study tests a model specifying that girls' precollege participation in sporting activities will foster positive body images, enhanced perceptions of physical competence, and more flexible gender identities, which, in turn, predict higher college self-esteem. A sample of 220 college females (mean age=19.65 years) provided retrospective reports of their precollege sport involvement and contemporaneous assessments of body image, perceived psychical competencies, gender identity, global selfesteem, and other psychological variables. Consistent with prior reports on male and mixedgender samples, greater precollege sport participation predicted higher self-esteem in this exclusively female sample. Follow-up path analyses and tests for mediation revealed that the model's intervening variables totally mediated the sport participation/self-esteem relationship. The patterning of these data implies that participating in sports promotes females' selfworth by fostering physical competencies, Alphabetical by title Articles I favorable body images, and gender flexibility, and in the absence of any such psychological benefits, participation in sports has little salutary effect on and can even undermine self-esteem. "If You're Light You're Alright" Light Skin Color As Social Capital For Women Of Color Hunter, Margaret L. Gender & Society, Vol. 16, No. 2 April 2002 This article uses two national survey data sets to analyze the effects of skin color on life outcomes for African American and Mexican American women. Using a historical framework of European colonialism and slavery, this article explains how skin color hierarchies were established and are maintained. The concept of social capital is used to explain how beauty, defined through light skin, works as capital and as a satisfying agent for women on the dimensions of educational attainment for both groups of women. Light skill directly predicts higher personal earnings for African American women and indirectly affects personal earnings for Mexican American women. Light skin predicts higher spousal status for African-American women but not for Mexican American women. Illinois Adopts Extended Criminal Statute Of Limitations Schollett, Lyn Coalition Commentary, Fall 1999 In a dramatic move that could impact scores of sexual assault survivors in the near future, Illinois's Governor George Ryan signed HB 329, extending the criminal statute of limitations. The law went into effect on January 1, 2000. Illinois School Of Preofessional Psychology Predoctoral Minor Sexual Abuse Leifer, Myra and Womack, Ann Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol. 26, No. 3 1995 This article described a predoctoral minor in sexual abuse designed to prepare psychologists to work with maltreated populations including child and adult victims, offenders, and abusive familiy systems. This program aims to help students develop clinical competence in the areas of diagnostics, therapuetic intervention, forensic issues, research, and program development. The considerations involved in designing the curriculum course content, clinical parcticum and internship, and clinical research project described. Additionally, issues confronted in developing this program are discussed. Images Of Sex And Rape: A Content Analysis Of Popular Film Bufkin, Jana and Eschholz, Sarah Violence Against Women December 2000Americans are spending increasingly greater portions of their leisure time consuming audiovisual forms of media, such as movies and television. Given the regularity of medial consumption and the assumption of its influence on the perceptions of viewers, it is important to study the content of media programming. In this study, the authors conducted a content analysis of the 50 top grossing films in 1996 to measure the prevalence and nature of sex and rape depictions. They find that movies present a rather patriachal vision of sex and rape. Rapes in the movies are committed by sadistic, disturbed lower class individuals who prey on children and the vulnerable. This unidimensional movie picture of rape may help to perpetuate the real people of rape and sexual abuse in our society by ignoring the reality of most real life rapes. Immigrant Wins Rehearing In Political Asylum Case In Which Bulgarian National Had Been Sexually Assaulted. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1, No. 1 September/October 1997 This article looks at the case of Natasha Angoucheva V. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Immigrant Women And Domestic Violence: Common Experiences In Different Countries Menjivar, Cecilia and Salcido, Olivia Gender & Society, Vol. 16, No. 6 December 2002 In this article, the authors assess the still limited literature on domestic violence among immigrant women in major receiving countries so as to begin delineating a framework to explain how immigrant specific factors exacerbate the already vulnerable position- as dictated by class, gender, and race- of immigrant women in domestic violence situations. First, a review of this scholarship shows that the incidence of domestic violence is not higher than it is in the native population but rather that the experiences of immigrant women in domestic violence situations are often exacerbated by their specific position as immigrants, such as limited host -language skills, isolation from and contact with family and community lack of access to dignified jobs, uncertain legal statuses, and experiences with authorities in their original countries. The authors then examine the various responses at the national and local community levels to this issue in receiving countries. Immigrants And The Criminal Justice System: An Exploratory Study Robert C. Davis and Avitabile, Nancy E. Violence and Victims, Vol. 13, No. 1 Spring 1998 Alphabetical by title Articles empowerment, newfound freedom, and selfconfidence as they negotiated traditional gender roles in a new social and cultural context. I Experts have argued that there are significant barriers to recent immigrants' use of the criminal justice system. This study is among the first to look empirically at the experiences of recent immigrant victims with the criminal justice system in the United States. Immigration And Mothering: Case Studies From Two Generations Of Korean Immigrant Women Moon, Seungsook Gender & Society, Vol. 17, No. 6 December 2003 Despite the increase of middle-class people among Asian immigrants to the United States over the past three decades, research has paid little attention to these women. Focusing on women's paid employment, prior research also tends to overlook the significance of mothering to the analysis of gender relations in immigrant families. By bringing together the literatures on gender and immigration and on mothering in families of color, this article examines how immigration and gender ideology, mediated by a family's economic situation and the employment prospects for educated women of color, shape the organization of mothering and how each pattern of mothering affects the power dynamics underlying the gender division of labor in immigrant families. Three distinct arrangements of mothering emerge from in-depth interviews with middle-class Korean immigrant women collected from suburbs in New York State: (1) shared mothering based on transnational, transgenerational, and nuclear family networks; (2) isolated and privatized mothering; and (3) mothering after retreat from full-time employment. Immigration And Women's Empowerment: Salvadorans In Los Angeles Zentgraf, Kristine M. Gender & Society, Vol. 16, No. 5 October 2002 Recent discoveries that immigrant women often evaluate their experiences more positively than men do have led to speculation that women view their public and domestic sphere status and power as having increased as a result of post immigration employment outside of the home. This study, based on in -depth interviews with 25 Salvadoran women who migrated to Southern California in the 1970s and 1980s, challenges a unilinear integrationalist view that sees immigrant women's status and roles as changing along a traditional-modern continuum. Immigrant women's experiences and their perceptions of their experiences are quite diverse and complex. For many, paid employment outside of the home is not a new experience, and the household gender division of labor did not significantly change after immigrating to the United States. However, women did report a sense of Immigration, Domestic Violence, And The Military: The Case Of "Military Brides" Erez, Edna and Bach, Shayna Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 9 September 2003. This study addresses the abuse experiences of immigrant women married or engaged to U.S. servicemen and the response of military social service and legal systems. In-depth interviews of 10 immigrant women who were intimate partners of service members were conducted, emerging themes were identified in the data, and the intersectionality of immigration status and military spouse or intimate partner status in the lives of these women was exposed. The findings confirm the role of military context, culture, and priorities in the abuse and the military systems' responses. The immigration circumstances and status interact with the military context to compound the abuse, further marginalize victims/survivors, and weaken the military social service and legal systems' response. The implications of the findings for military efforts to address domestic violence within the ranks are discussed. The Impact Of A Batterers' Program On Battered Women Austin, Juliet B and Dankwort, Juergen Violence Against Women, Vol. 5, No. 1 January 1999 25 interviews were conducted with battered women whose partners had completed a batterers' intervention program that was administered by a women's shelter in a Canadian urban setting. The Impact Of Adolescent Sexual Victimization: Standardized Measures Of Anxiety, Depression, And Behavioral Deviancy Gidycz, Christine A and Koss, Mary P. Violence and Victims, Vol. 4, No. 2 Summer 1989 Standardized measures of depression, anxiety, and behavioral deviancy were administered to a nonclinical sample of high school girls. In addition, an adolescent version of the Sexual Experiences Survey was administered to assess the history of peer sexual victimization. The Impact Of An Abusive Family Context On Childhood Animal Cruelty And Adult Violence Duncan, Alex Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 7, No. 4 July-August 2002 This paper reviews the literature that addresses the impact of an abusive family context on childhood animal cruelty and adult violence. In Alphabetical by title Articles I the first section, literature is presented that outlines possible abusive family contextual factors associated with childhood animal cruelty and adult violence. In the second section, theories presented in the literature conjecturing about the impact of an abusive family context on childhood animal cruelty and adult violence are reviewed. Section 3 addresses the predictive validity of an abusive family context on adult violence. In the final section, assessment measures and interventions of childhood animal cruelty are discussed. Such discussion focuses on the acknowledgement of an abusive family context in the assessment and intervention of childhood animal cruelty. Overall, the literature suggests that an abusive family context may be a better predictor of adult violence than childhood animal cruelty. The Impact Of Child Sexual Abuse And Stigma On Methods Of Coping With Sexual Assault Among Undergraduate Women Gibson, Laura E and Leitenberg, Harold Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 25, No. 10 October 2001 Objective: The aim of the current study was to determine whether a prior history of child sexual abuse increased the likelihood of using disengagement methods of coping with a sexual assault that had occurred within the past year. Once this was established, a mediational model was tested in which it was hypothesized that specific traumagenic dynamics and changed world views would mediate the association between child and/or adolescent sexual abuse and increased use of disengagement coping methods in response to a recent sexual assault. Method: One thousand and fifty women undergraduates from a New England state university completed a survey for research credit. Respondents were asked detailed questions regarding experiences of sexual assault within the past year, histories of child and/or adolescent sexual abuse, traumagenic dynamics, and world assumptions. Analyses were based on 106 participants who had experienced a sexual assault within the past year. Results: Sexually assaulted young women with a history of sexual abuse used more disengagement methods of coping to deal with the adult sexual assault than women without the history. In addition, the relationship between prior sexual abuse and the use of disengagement coping strategies was mediated by feelings of stigma, but not by feelings of betrayal and powerlessness or beliefs in the meaningfulness and benevolence of the world. Conclusions: This is the first study to find sexually revictimized young women may be particularly at-risk of relying on disengagement methods of coping with sexual assault. Furthermore, this association is mediated by feelings of shame or stigma. Directions for further research and clinical implications are discussed. The Impact Of Christian Faith On The Prevalence And Sequelae Of Sexual Abuse Elliott, Diana M. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 9, No. 1 March 1994 This study examines the impact of Christian religious faith on the prevalence and long-term sequelae of childhood sexual abuse in a sample of 2,964 professional women. The Impact Of Complex Trauma And Depression On Parenting: An Exploration Of Mediating Risk And Protective Factors Banyard, Victoria and Siegel, Jane A. Child Maltreatment, Vol. 8, No. 4 November 2003 The current study examined (a) maternal depression as a mediator between mother's complex trauma exposure and parenting difficulties and (b) protective factors within a sample of adult survivors of complex child and adult trauma. Participants were a sample of 152 women selected from 174 women interviewed in the third wave of a longitudinal study of a hospital sample of girls. The women in the current study represent a subsample that includes all participants who had given birth to a child. Measures included assessments women's own trauma history and parenting outcomes. Higher rates of trauma exposure were related to decreased parenting satisfaction, reports of child neglect, us of physical punishment, and a history of protective service reports. These links were partially mediated by the relationship between trauma exposure and increased maternal depression. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to examine protective factors for fewer parenting problems within a further subsample of trauma survivors. The Impact Of Contextual Ambiguity On The Interpretation And Recall Of Child Sexual Abuse Media Reports Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 10 October 2002 Previous research indicates that approximately 40% of child abuse media reports are ambiguous in the sense that information relating to the nature of abuse, the identity of the perpetrator, and/or the location of abuse is not specified. This research examined the impact of such contextual ambiguity on the recall and interpretation of child sexual abuse media reports. The 189 respondents were recruited through media appeals and presented with one of three versions of a child sexual abuse press report (stereotype congruent, stereotype incongruent, or contextually ambiguous). Respondents were Alphabetical by title Articles I asked to provide written descriptions of their thoughts and feelings about abuse incidents, which were analyzed for attributional content. Recall was assessed after a 2-week interval. Results indicate that stereotypes affect the recall and interpretation of child sexual abuse media reports in the presence of contextually ambiguous individuating information but not in the presence of nonsterotypic information that is contextually unambiguous. The Impact Of Court On Children: Research Findings And Practical Recommendations Lipovsky, Julie A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 9, No. 2 June 1994 This article reviews research addressing questions about possible negative impacts to children as a result of participating in the criminal justice system. Research findings are discussed in terms of application to practice with children as witnesses within the criminal justice system. The Impact Of Crime Victimization And Fear Of Crime On Attitudes Toward Death Penalty Defendants Seltzer, Rick and McCormick, Joseph P. Violence and Victims, Vol. 2, No. 2 Summer 1987 This article analyzes research about the impact of attitudes toward the criminal justice system, fear of becoming crime victims, and victimization experiences on attitudes toward the death penalty. The Impact Of Different Forms Of Psychological Abuse On Battered Women Sackett, Leslie A. Violence and Victims, Vol. 14, No. 1 Spring 1999 Battered women receiving either shelter or nonshelter services from a domestic violence agency were interviewed regarding psychological abuse and its aftermath. 4 types of abuse were derived from factor analysis: ridiculing of traits, criticizing behavior, ignoring, and jealous control. Sheltered women experienced ridicule and jealous/control more often than nonsheltered women. For the entire sample, ridiculing of traits was rated as the most severe form. Ignoring was the strongest predictor of low self -esteem. Both psychological abuse and physical abuse contributed independently to depression and low self-esteem. However, fear of being abused was uniquely predicted by psychological abuse. Implications for practice and research are discussed. The Impact Of DNA Evidence In A Child Sexual Assault Trial Golding, Jonathan M and Sanchez, Rebecca Polley Child Maltreatment, Vol. 5, No. 4 November 2001 Two experiments investigated the impact of DNA evidence in a child sexual assault (CSA) case involving a 6-year-old alleged victim. In Experiment 1, participants read criminal trial summaries of CSA cases in which only DNA evidence was presented, only the alleged child victim's testimony was presented, or both forms of evidence were presented. When DNA evidence was presented, there were more guilty verdicts and greater belief of the alleged victim than when only the alleged victim testified. In Experiment 2, DNA evidence was countered by an alibi witness testifying as to the defendant's whereabouts at the time of the alleged assault. The alibi witness reduced the influence of DNA evidence compared with when DNA evidence was presented without the witness. These results are discussed in terms of the comparative strengths of DNA evidence versus the testimony of the alleged victim. The Impact Of Elements Of Self -Defense And Objective Versus Subjective Instructions On Jurors' Verdicts For Battered Women Defendants Follingstad, Diane R and Kleinfelter, Kathryn J. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 12, No. 5 October 1997 Battered woman defendants' claims of selfdefense have often been viewed as not fitting the classic definition of self-defense. Vignettes of a legal case varied the explicitness of the threat made to the woman by her partner before she killed him, retreat opportunity, and instructions by the judge. Impact Of Expert Testimony On The Believability Of Repressed Memories Sugarman, David B and Boney-McCoy, Sue Violence and Victims, Vol. 12, No. 2 Summer 1997 Participants read one of six scenarios depicting the trial of a man accused of sexually assaulting a young girl. The belief in the accuser's testimony decreased when the accuser was an adult in contrast to a child, and when the defense offered expert testimony in contrast to its absence. The Impact Of Family And Friends' Reactions On The Well-Being Of Women With Abusive Partners Goodkind, Jessica R and Sullivan, Cris M. Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 3 March 2003 This study examined the degree to which battered women talked with family and friends about abuse they were experiencing and how family and friends responded. Participants were 137 women who had recently experienced domestic violence and were exiting a shelter. Alphabetical by title Articles I Most women confided in family and friends about the abuse. Family and friends' reactions depended on contextual factors, including the women's relationship with her assailant, number of separations, number of children, and whether family and friends were threatened. Family and friends' negative reactions and offers of tangible support were significantly related to women's well-being, although positive emotional support was not. The Impact Of Domestic Violence On Urban Preschool Children DeVoe, Ellen R and Smith, Erica Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 10 October 2002 Applying focus group methodology, this article explores urban battered mother's perceptions of their preschool children's exposure to domestic violence. It also examines mother's reports about their young children's functioning and traumatic stress symptoms and the connections women make between their own experiences of victimization by partners and their children’s difficulties. Finally, this research describes the challenges abused mothers relate in their efforts to parent in the context of domestic abuse. The sample consists of 43 women from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds who participated in five focus groups in New York City. Findings of awareness of their children's exposure to domestic violence and its possible effects on their preschoolers, including traumatic impact. Women identified parenting burdens related to domestic violence including efforts to prevent aggression and victimization in their children. The implications for intervention with battered women and their preschool children are presented. The Impact Of Father-To-Mother Aggression On The Structure And Content Of Adolescent's Perceptions Of Themselves And Their Parents Winstok, Zeev and Karnieli-Miller, Orit Violence Against Women, Vol. 10, No. 9, September 2004. This study examined the differential influence of the father's level of aggression toward the mother on adolescent's perceptions of their parents and themselves and how these perceptions are interrelated. Impact Of Fear-Inducing Violence On Neuropsychological Visuo-Spatial Tests In Warring Hunter-Gatherers Analogies To Violent Western Environments Pontius, Anneliese A. Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 7, No. 1 January/February 2002 Visuo-spatial test results on three continents showed a consistently significant difference (P<.001) between three peaceful groups (Amazonian Capoclos, Indonesians from small islands, and Hamar from SW Ethiopia, n=242) and three groups of warring hunter-gathers (n=144) living nearby (Amazonian Auca Indians, Dani and Asmat of Indonesian New Guinea, and Karo of SW Ethiopia). On both the Kohs Block Design and the Draw-A-Person-With-Face-In Front (DAPF) tests, the warring groups produced specifically coarse but almost correct test performances. There was a gross global assessment of the overall essential shapes but a neglect of the subtle spatial relations among the shapes. Such performance is a specific sign indicative of crude but fast subcortical processing. Such a short-cut by-passes refined full neocortical evaluation faster by c. 250 ms. in fear-inducing inter-tribal warfare, quick "unthinking: reaction to merely globally evaluate shapes of predators (human or animal) serves survival. By analogy, a testable hypothesis proposes that also in similarly fear ridden violent Western environments (e.g., in gang warfare or abusive families), such specific indications of habitual subcortical short-cuts are likely to be reflected not only in the spatial tests performance but also in academic subjects requiring accurate spatial relational representation (e.g. literacy). The Impact Of Husband Physical Aggression And Alcohol Use On Marital Functioning : Does Alcohol "Excuse" The Violence? Testa, Maria and Leonard, Kenneth E. Violence and Victims, Vol. 16, No. 5 October 2001 Alcohol has been posited to serve as an "excuse" for deviant behavior, including domestic violence. A recent study sugegsted that wives hold husbands less responsible for their aggressive behavior when husbands are problem drinkers. To repliacte and extend this study, the independent and interactive effects of husband physical aggression and husband alcohol use on wives' marital satisfaction and thoughts of divorce were examined among newlywed couples (n=387). Husband physical aggression had significant negative effect on marital satisfaction and a significant positive effect on divorce ideation regardless of the measure of husband alcohol use employed. Alcohol dependence had a negative effect on satisfaction; however, in no case was there an interaction between alcohol and aggression. Results fail to replicate an earlier study of supporting an excuse function of alcohol and suggest that alcohol does not mitigate the negative effects of domestic violence on marital functioning. The Impact Of Past Sexual Experiences On Attributions Of Responsibility For Rape Mason, Gillian E and Foley, Linda A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 19, No. 10 October 2004 Alphabetical by title Two factors potentially affect observers' attributions of responsibility to a rape survivor: how closely they identify with the survivor and how much they adhere to rape myths Articles I The Impact Of Professional Football Games Upon Violent Assaults On Women White, Garland F and Scarborough, Kathryn E. Violence and Victims, Vol. 7, No. 2 Summer 1992 The relationship between the timing and outcomes of the Washington Redskins' football games and the frequency of admissions to hospital emergency rooms in northern Virginia is investigated. The Impact Of Recent Partner Violence On Poor Women's Capacity To Maintain Work Browne, Angela and Bassuk, Shari S. Violence Against Women, Vol. 5, No. 4 April 1999 Recent changes in welfare policy that require women to work have been particularly controversial for survivors of partner violence. This article explores the relationship between partner violence and work through time in an ethnically diverse longitudinal sample of 285 extremely poor women. The Impact Of Severe Stalking Experienced By Acutely Battered Women: An Examination Of Violence, Psychological Symptoms And Strategic Responding Mechanic, Mindy B and Resick, Patricia A. Violence and Victims, Vol. 14, No. 4 Winter 2000 Stalking has been relatively understudied compared to other dimensions of intimate partner violence. The purpose of this article was to examine concurrent and subsequent intimate partner bause, strategic reponses and symptomatic consequences of severe stalking experienced by battered women. Thirty-five battered women classified as "relentlessly stalked" and 31 infrequently stalked battered women, relentlessly stalked battered women reported: (a) more severe concurrent physical violence, sexual assault and stalking: (b) increased post-separation assault and stalking; (c) increased rates of depression and PTSD; and (d) more extensive use of strategic responses to abuse. Results underscore the scope and magnitude of stalking faced by battered women and have implications for assessment and intervention strategies. Impact Of Sexual And Nonsexual Assault On Secondary Victims Davis, Rob and Bench, Sarah Violence and Victims, Vol. 10, No. 1 Spring 1995 This research looks at the effects of crime on a sample of persons named by victims of sexual and nonsexual assault as their primary significant others. High levels of significant other distress were associated with higher levels of significant other unsupportive behavior. Impact Of Sexual Assault As A Function Of Perpetrator Type Culbertson, Kayleen A and Dehle, Crystal Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 16, No. 10 October 2001 The current study examines whether perpetrator type predicts impact of sexual assault. Women reporting a prior sexual assault by cohabitating or marital partner, sexually intimate partner, nonsexual date, or acquaintance were compared on impact of event and current sexual satisfaction. Analyses showed group differences for impact of the event. Individuals in a cohabitating, marital or acquaintance relationship reported more hyperarousal than did individuals in a dating or sexually intimate relationship. Additionally, married and cohabitating victims reported more hyperarousal than did women in the cohabitating group. Individuals sexually assaulted by a married or cohabitating partner reported more intrusive symptoms than did individuals in a dating or sexually intimate relationship. Furthermore, women in a sexually intimate relationship with their perpetrator reported lower intrusion scores than did individuals assaulted by an acquaintance. The Impact Of Sexual Assault, Sexual Assault Perpetrator Type, And Location Of Sexual Assault On Ratings Of Perceived Safety Culbertson, Kayleen A and Kooiman, Beverly J. Violence Against Women, Vol. 7, No. 8 August 2001 The current study introduced the Safety Rating Scale and examined the influence of sexual assault, the location of assult, the relationship of the perpetrator, and the impact of assault on perceived safety. Questionnaire packets, including the Safety Rating Scale, were completed by 314 female undergraduates (55% met assault criteria). Results indicated that sexually assaulted women felt less safe than those without an assault history. Women assaulted in their homes reported lower preceived home safety than women assualted in another location. Furthermore, as the impact of the sexual assault increased, victims' feelings of perceived safety decreased. Finally, the prior relationship to the perpetrator was related to perceived safety. Alphabetical by title Articles neuropsychological functioning was intact. While impaired emotional responsiveness was an important factor in the assaults, the construct of emotional responsiveness was an important factor in the assaults, the construct of emotional numbing is too broad to identify the specific neuropsychological impairment involved in the subject's assault behavior. The authors suggest that failures in sensory-emotional integration contributed to the likelihood of violent behavior. Implications for further research and clinical practice are discussed. I The Impact Of Subjective And Expressed Anger On The Functioning Of Psychiatric Outpatients With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Franklin, C. Laurel and Zimmerman, Mark Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 12 December 2002 Research has shown that anger may be related to the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigates the impact of anger on patients with PTSD in a general psychiatric population. Participants diagnosed with PTSD were grouped according to current levels of subjective and inappropriately expressed anger: (a) low subjective and expressed anger; (b) elevated subjective anger and low expressed anger (c) low subjective anger and elevated expressed anger; (d) elevated subjective and expressed anger. It was hypothesized that participants reporting elevated levels of subjective anger coupled with recent overt expression would be more impaired and distressed than individuals with PTSD in the other anger groups, after comorbid diagnoses were controlled. The elevated subjective and expressed anger group was more impaired/distressed on global measures and their elevated anger affected some measures of behavioral functioning. Findings are discussed in light of the literature on anger and PTSD. The Impact Of The United Nations Human Rights Treaties On The Domestic Level Heyns, Christof and Viljoen, Frans Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 3 August 2001 This article asesses the impact of human right treaties on a global basis. The Impact Of Type Of Out-Of-Court Disclosure In A Child Sexual Assault Trial Yozwiak, John A and Marsil, D.F. Child Maltreatment, Vol. 9, No. 3 August 2004 This study investigated the impact of type of outof-court disclosure in a child sexual assault case involving a 6-year-old alleged victim. Impaired Sensory-Emotional Integration In A Violent Adolescent Sex Offender Wahlberg, Lawrence and Simpson, Janice Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 12, No. 1 2003 Social risk factors, executive neuropsychological functioning, and emotional numbing were examined as potential risk factors for violent sexual assaults by an adolescent male. The subject had been exposed to at least four previously identified social risk factors, including neglect, early separation from both parents, sexual abuse, and low socioeconomic status. At the time of assessment, executive Impediments To The Recovery Of Restitution By Crime Victims Harland, Alan T and Rosen, Cathryn J. Violence and Victims, Vol. 5, No. 2 Summer 1990 Despite popular support for its increased use and enactment of enabling legislation, restitution continues to be underutilized in actual case dispositions. The authors discuss the many problems related to the utilization of restitution in the criminal justice system. Implementation Of Victims' Rights Amendment And Statutes. Crime Victims Report Vol. 2 No. 6 January/February 1999 In the last decade, 29 states have passes constitutional amendments guaranteeing victims rights. While these amendments are beneficial to victims & survivors, the amendments do not provide victims any recourse when a government agency or court fails to honor these constitutional rights. This article explores this issue & the implementation of victims' constitutional rights in Illinois, Kansas, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Oregon, Michigan, Mississippi, New York & Wisconsin. The Implemntation Of Workplace Violence Policy In State Government Lord, Vivian B. Violence and Victims, Vol. 25, No. 2 April 2001 Workplace violence has recieved an increasing amount of attention in the last five years. While it is difficult to conclude that it is actually escalating, the numerous studies do provide numbers that lead one to believe that it is a serious problem. Although agencies and corporations are beginning to develop workplace violence policies, there is no published research that documents the results of the implementation of such policies. The current research examines North Carolina state employee’s familiarity with their new workplace violence policy and reporting procdures, how uniformly the policy is utlized, victims' perceptions of their agencies responses to their own violent incidents, and their Alphabetical by title Articles I generalized perceptions of the angencies' intent to keep the worksafe left Implementing Automated Victim Notification Strategies Crime Victims Report Vol. 3 No. 2 May/June 1999 This article looks at how the National Center for Victims of Crimes is in a process of developing an automated system that notifies the victims on variety of issues such as their rights, hearing and events. Implications Of Personality Profiles For Batterer Treatment White, Robert J and Gondolf, Edward W Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 15, No. 5 May 2000 The authors employed a profile analysis with MCMI-III results of 100 batterers randomly drawn from 840 men enrolled in four batterer programs. Case examples are used to illustrate the personality profiles and their treatment implications. The Implicit Theories Of Potential Rapists: What Our Questionnaires Tell Us Polaschek, Devon L.L and Ward, Tony Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 7, No. 4 July-August 2002 Theories of rape give some prominence to the role of offense-supportive cognitive processes and attitudes. Yet, research on the relationship between cognition and rape had produced a confusing picture. Numerous methodological issues are no doubt contributing to this confusion. However, in this article, we argue that another major contributor is the lack of attention given to the underlying mechanisms responsible for generating rape -supportive beliefs. Firstly, we review the relevant cognitive research on rapists and rape-prone men. Then, we present psychological research on implicit theories, and on the nature of conceptual representation, development, and change. We apply this implicit theory perspective to existing scales that measure rape-related distorted cognitions, and derive some core theories from the scale items. We describe these theories, giving examples of items that support them. Finally, we discuss the clinical and research implications of the implicit theories we have identified. The Importance Of Cultural Competence In Ministering To African American Victims Of Domestic Violence Bell, Carl C and Mattis, Jacqueline Violence Against Women, Vol. 6, No. 5 May 2000 This article describes an ecophenomenological model of domestic violence that helps to conceptualize the ways in which various contextual factors inform the experiences of African American victims of partner violence. The implications of this model for the culturally competent treatment of African American victims of partner abuse are discussed, as is the issue of violence as an outgrowth of an African American male entitlement dysfunction. The article also examines culturally grounded messages that contribute to the development of attitudes that promote violence against African American women. In addition, the article explores the patient's own relational life as a site of meaning making and sustained healing. The Importance Of Having A Broad Base Of Donors Klein, Kim Grassroots Fundraising Journal, Vol. 18, No. 5 October1999 This article discusses why it is important to have a variety of funding donors. Highlighted is the struggle by KPFA's donors to keep the radio station running. Important Committee Report On Training Health Professionals In Family Violence Cook-Daniels, Loree Victimization of the Elderly and Disabled, Vol. 5, No. 2 July/August 2002 Discusses the findings from the Committee on Training Needs of Health Professionals to Response to Family Violence. Important Tools For Attorneys And Expert Witnesses Zorza, Joan Sexual Assault Report Vol. 2 No. 1 September/October 1998 Two new books primarily for lawyers have been published that deal with VAWA litigation and evidence in child abuse cases. Both are extremely practical, clearly written and are essential references for people involved in litigation as well as expert witnesses who may be called upon to testify in such cases. This article reviews these two books. The first book is Violence Against Women: Law and Litigation by David Frazee and the second is Evidence in Child abuse and Neglect Cases by John E.B. Myers. Impoverished Women In Violent Partnerships: Designing Services To Fit Their Reality Cole, Patricia R. Violence Against Women, Vol. 7, No. 2 February 2001 This article proposes that women's willingness to reveal violent relationships and to participate in family violence services is influenced by the totality of their life experiences and circumstances. Services that are responsive to Alphabetical by title Articles I broader issues and conditions that underlie women's options and choices will reach and help more women. Suggestions are made for designing programs that are informed by women's reality and respond to their priorities, assure that services are reasonable and accessible, embrace racial and ethnic diversity, and create paths to employment that pays living wages. Improving Trauma Response Through Multiple Intervention Strategies Bergmann, Larry Crime Victims Report Vol. 2 No. 6 January/February 1999 oviding mental health services to victims after a major crime has become as expected as the media frenzy that surrounds these incidents. Typically, the people who were affected by the crime were gathered together for group meetings or debriefings. Until recently, these intervention techniques were accepted without much examination. However, there has been a growing concern about the usefulness of this type of intervention to all such victims. This article outlines some of the problems with traditional trauma response interventions after crime victimization and suggests an alternative approach. Improving Intimate Partner Violence Protocols For Emergency Departments An Assessment Tool And Findings Dodge, Andrea Craig Violence Against Women, Vol. 8, No. 3 March 2002 A Protocol Assessment Tool (PAT) was developed to assess emergency departments' (EDs') protocols regarding treatment of patients sustaining partner violence. Using this tool, project staff members evaluated the content of written protocols submitted by ED nurse managers in California and in a national sample in 1992-1993 and in 1996-1997. The number of protocols and their overall content improved significantly in California between 1992-1993 and 1996-1997, and there was a suggestion of improvement in the national sample. Advocacy efforts influenced Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations guidelines and California laws, which in turn may have stimulated increases in the quantity and quality of protocols. The PAT permits readers to evaluate their local facility's protocols. Impulsive, But Violent? : Are Components Ofd The Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Syndrome Associated With Aggression In Relationships Theriault, Stephen W and Holmberg, Diane Violence Against Women, Vol. 7, No. 12 December 2001 Links between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and relationship aggression were explored in 157 college students. ADHD and comorbid disorders, such as conduct disorder (CD), were small but significant predictors of both physical and sexual aggression in relationships. The role of pragmatic language difficulties was also investigated. Verbal impulsivity-a tendency to blurt out thoughts and interrupt others-predicted relationships aggression. Once verbal impulsivity had been accounted for, ADHD and CD symptoms were no longer significant predictors, suggesting that verbal impulsivity and an inability to successfully negotiate relationship difficulties might account for the ADHD-relationship aggression link. Impulsiveness, Impulsive Aggression, Personality Disorder, And Spousal Violence Edwards, Daniel W and Panizzon, Matthew S. Violence and Victims, Vol. 18, No. 1 February 2003 Impulsiveness has become a key concept in thinking about the determinants of violence and aggression. In this study of spouse abusers, the relationship between impulsiveness, impulsive aggression, and physical violence is confirmed. Impulsiveness and impulsive aggression have significant correlations with physical aggression. Impulsiveness and impulsive aggression are also correlated with measures of Borderline Personality Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder. In addition, the measures of Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorder (PD) are significantly correlated with physical aggression. The violent and non -violent groups differed on impulse aggression and on Borderline Personality Disorder. A partial replication of Tweed and Dutton's findings (1998) revealed sub-groups of high- and-low-violent and the nonviolent groups. The high violence group had higher pathology scores on all clinical scales, except Mania, of the Personality Assessment Inventory. These findings have implications for violence prediction and for treatment of violent men. In Camera Inspections Of Privileged Records In Sexual Assault Trials: Balancing Defendants' Rights And State Interests Under Massachusetts’s Bishop Test Crowley, Ellen M. American Journal of Law and Medicine, Vol. 21, No. 1 1995 A sexual assault trial requires a court to balance evidentiary privileges enacted by a state legislature against a criminal defendant's constitutional trial rights. State legislatures enact various privileges with either limit or prohibit the discovery of confidential communications in criminal trials. Such statutes reflect a firmly based Alphabetical by title Articles aggressive Black girls may often perceive their environment to be hostile and nonsupportive. Consequently, support needs to be provided for Black girls who engage in aggressive behaviors. I legislative effort to protect citizens' private and personal confidences from unwarranted public scrutiny. When a defendant charge with sexual assault seeks to compel discovery of the victim's privileged medical, psychiatric, or counseling records, a conflict inevitably arises. States and victims assert that courts must respect statutory assurances of confidentiality: defendants assert that their constitutional right to a fair trial and their right to confront the witness and evidence against them mandates disclosure. Resolution of this pressing conflict requires a careful balancing of both the state's and defendant's interest on a case by case basis. In-Kind Gifts: Legal, Financial & Matching Considerations Rosa, Paul Grassroots Fundraising Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1 April 2000 This article discusses how to handle non-cash contributions to your organization referred to as in-kind gifts. In Memoriam: Sheila And Paul Wellstone Zorza, Joan. Kingston, NJ: Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 6, No. 3 January/February 2003 Discusses the lives and the tragic deaths of Senator Paul Wellstone and his wife Sheila Wellstone. In Missouri, Court Must Allow Evidence Of Possible Molestation In Custody Relocation Dispute Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1 No. 4 March/April 1998 In Protection Of Ourselves: Black Girl's Perceptions Of Self-Reported Delinquent Behaviors Pugh-Lilly, Aalece and Poulin, Karen L. Psychology of Women's Quarterly. Vol. 25, No. June 2001 The purpose of this study was to explore Black adolescent girls' perceptions of self-reported delinquent behaviors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 Black girls enrolled in alternative schools designated for "delinquent" adolescents. Using dimensional analysis, two general categories emerged from the data: defending/protecting self-self-interest. All of the girls indicated that they used aggressive behaviors to protect themselves from perceived threats. Generally, the girls protected themselves into two strategies: "Hold off" strategies were used to avoid physical and/or verbal conflicts, and facedown strategies were used to physically confront the threats. To a lesser degree, girls discussed gaining materially from specific behaviors (e.g. stealing and lying). One important implication of this research study is that In The Best Interests Of Battered Women: Reconceptualizing Allegations Of Failure To Protect Magen, Randy H. Child Maltreatment, Vol. 4, No.2 May 1999 This article explores the conceptual and practical difficulties with the concept of failure to protect. The authors argue that two erroneous assumptions that lead to a finding of failure to protect are that witnessing domestic violence is inherently child maltreatment and believing that the battered woman and her children must leave to be safe. The behavior of battered women toward their children likely falls along a continuum from nonabusive to abusive. In The Footsteps Of "Arundhati": Asian Indian Women's Experience Of Domestic Violence In The United States Dasgupta, Shamita Das and Warrier, Sujata Violence Against Women, Vol. 2, No. 3 September 1996 Examines the ideologies and conditions that form the realities of the lives of Asian Indian immigrant battered women. Twelve highly educated women from India who had sought outside help due to spousal abuse were interviewed. The story of Arundhati, an ancient Indian sage, has been invoked here to elaborate the ideology of the feminine gender role. In The Wake Of Tragedy: Dealing With Depression At Work Labor Law Update California Chamber of Commerce, Vol. 8, No. 10 October 2001 This article discusses the impact of the events of September 11th on people in the workplace. The article covers the impact of depression, signs and symptoms of depression, and what an employer should do to help their employees. In Their Own Words: Battered Women's Assessment Of The Criminal Processing System's Responses Erez, Edna and Belknap, Joanne Violence and Victims, Vol. 13, No. 3 Fall 1998 This study gives battered women "voice" concerning their experiences and perceptions of the criminal processing system's response. It illuminates the dynamics of battered women's interactions with the system, and highlights the way officials' responses have both encouraged and dissuaded victims from pursuing their cases and leaving abusive relationships. Alphabetical by title Articles I In Wake Of Hendricks, Courts Continue To Uphold And Apply Sexually Violent Predators Statutes Perry, Anne L. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 2 No. 5 May/June 1999 In Kansas V. Hendricks, the United Sates Supreme Court upheld Kansas's Sexually Violent Predator Act Against constitutional challenges. This article examines this act in details. Same act in California is also examined. The Incidence And Outcomes Of Sexual Harassment Among Hispanic And NonHispanic White Shupe, Ellen I and Salisbury, Jan Psycholoy of Women Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 4 December 2002 An extensive body of literature has documented the widespread and damaging nature of sexual harassment among Anglo women, but little attention has focused on the experience of women of color. The current paper begins to address this gap by comparing sexual harassment incidence rates and psychological and work-related outcomes of Hispanic and nonHispanic White women across varying levels of cultural affiliation. Chi-squares tests of association suggest that risk of harassment increases with affiliation to the mainstream U.S. culture, and hierarchical regression analyses suggest that cultural affiliation moderates the relation between sexual harassment and occupational functioning. These provocative findings are discussed in the context of social and economic vulnerability, socio-sexual norms, and cultural background. The Incidence Of Infant Physical Abuse In Alaska Gessner, Bradford D and Muth, Pam T. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 28., No. 1 January 2004 Objectives: To determine the incidence of and risk factors associated with infant (<1 year of age) physical abuse in Alaska. Method: A population -based retrospective cohort study for the 1994-2000 resident birth cohort was conducted by linking data from birth certificates, Child Protective Services, a statewide hospitalbased trauma registry, hospital discharge data, and the Alaska Infant Mortality Review (including death certificates). The main outcomes measures were the incidences of overall physical abuse and abuse resulting in hospitalization or death. a case of child abuse was defined as an instance of substantiated physical abuse to an infant identified in the Child Protective Services database or an infant death with homicide identified on the death certificate as the manner of death. Results: During the 7-year study period, there were 70, 842 births and 325 cases of physical abuse including 72 that led to hospitalization (n=58), death (n=4), or both (n=10); respective incidences for all abuse and abuse leading to hospitalization or death were found 4.6 and 1.0 per 1000 live births. Following multivariate analyses, the risk factors with the highest population attributable risks were maternal or paternal education <- 12 years, unmarried mother, and maternal prenatal substance use. To determine if the study methodology was likely to have missed who did not have identification of abuse in one of the study databases; of these, at least 39 had injuries consistent with the reported mechanism (a long bone or skull fracture that reportedly resulted from a fall less than 3 feet from the caretaker's arms or for which the caretaker denied a history of trauma). Conclusions: Alaska has one of the highest documented infant physical abuse incidences reported in the literature and abuse is associated with potentially modifiable- primarily social- risk factors. Despite this high incidence, substantial under-reporting of hospitalized cases likely occurs. Iowa Finds Mother Used Daughter's Inheritance For Own Gain Dayton, Kim Victimization of the Elderly and Disabled, Vol. 5, No. 2 July/August 2002 Discusses the case of Clinton v. Iowa Dep't of Human Services. In this case, the Iowa Court of Appeals considered the claim of Sandra Clinton, the mother, guardian, and conservator of her severely disabled adult daughter, that Clinton's use of her daughter's inheritance to cover personal expenses resulted from her "misunderstanding" of her responsibilities as guardian. Incest And Women Of Color: A Study Of Experiences And Disclosure Tyagi, Smita Vir Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2001 Clinical literature on incest trauma assumes homogeneity of experience of all incest survivors including women of color. Experiences relating to community, culture, and family need to be acknowledged as salient aspects of the experiences of women of color who are incest survivors. Twelve participants were interviewed regarding their experiences related to disclosure and coping. Participants described value systems, community mindedness, social attitudes, and negative consequences amongst other social and cultural issues as factors affecting incest disclosure. Participants described cognitive reframing, determination and separation from the perpetrator as ways of coping with incest. Alphabetical by title Articles I Incest Offenders' Perceptions Of Their Motives To Sexually Offend Within Their Past And Current Life Context Hartley, Carolyn Copps Journal of Interpersonal Violence May 2001 This study exlpored incest offeders' motives for engaging in a sexual offense. Connections that offenders drew ebtween their motives and past and current life contexts are also examined. A series of qualitative interviews with eight Causaian male incest offenders currently receiving treatment was used to gather their perceptions of motives. A preceived need for sexual gratification, seeking an outlet from present dissatisfaction, an expression of anger, and the inappropriate display of affection or love were the primary motives described. early life context of offenders was charcaterized by physical and emotional abuse and a perception of rejection by one or both parents. Conflict in the marital relationship was the most frequently reported difficulty in their current life related to motives to offend. Offenders drew more connections between motives and life context at the time of the offense than they did to past life conext. Implications for treatment are discussed. Incidence And Correlates Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Australian Victims Of Domestic Violence Mertin, Peter and Morh, Phillip Journal of Family Violence Vol. 15, No. 4 December 2000 In recent years, evidence has emerged of the significant incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of domestic violence. The present study examined the incidence and correlates of PTSD in 100 female victims of domestic violence resident in women's shelters in Adelaide, South Australia. Forty-five women were found to meet all diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Women meeting PTSD diagnostic criteria reported having experienced higher levels of violence and were more likely to report having a spouse with an alcohol problem and having believed that they would be killed by their spouse than women who did not meet criteria. Diagnosis of PTSD was also associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Incidence And Correlates Of Posttrauma Symptoms In Children From Backgrounds Of Domestic Violence Mertin, Peter and Mohr, Philip B. Violence and Victims, Vol. 17, No. 5 October 2002 In recent years, evidence has emerged of the presence of posttrauma symptoms in children from backgrounds of domestic violence. The present study examined the incidence and correlates of posttrauma symptoms in 56 children of mothers who had been residents in women's shelters in Adelaide, South Australia. The most frequently endorsed symptoms among this sample of children were being troubled by distressing thoughts, conscious avoidance, hypervigilance, and sleep difficulties. Twenty percent of children met the criteria for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Children meeting full PTSD criteria scored significantly higher on measures of anxiety, depression, and dissociation. Results support the use of a posttrauma framework for understanding the effects on children of living with domestic violence. The Incidence And Experience Of Rape Among Chemically Dependent Women Teets, J.M. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, Vol. 29, No. 4 December 1997 This descriptive study investigated the incidence and experience of rape among chemically dependent women. 60 women in a residential treatment facility were interviewed about sexual trauma they had experienced in their lives. In this sample, 73% had been raped and 45% had been raped more than once. The stories of rape were classified in 5 categories: raped while in the context of using, when too high to resist, while prostituting, by a significant other, and by a family member. Some 35% of the rapists described were friends of the women with whom they were using drugs. Only 20% of the rapes were reported to the police. Clinical implications for treatment of addicted women who are also survivors of violence is discussed. Incidence And Prevalence Of Dating Partner Abuse And Its Relationship To Dating Practices Neufeld, Jonathan and Ertl, Melissa Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 14, No. 2 February 1999 A sample of women completed the Abusive Behavior Inventory with reference to the previous 6-month period and their entire dating history. The Incidence And Prevalence Of Intrafamilial And Extrafamilial Sexual Abuse Of Female Children Russell, Diana E. H. Child Abuse and Neglect, Vol. 7 1983 Data obtained from a random sample of 930 adult women in San Francisco provide the soundest basis heretofore available for estimating the prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual abuse of female children. This article describes the methodology of this survey, as well as some of the key findings. A plea is made for the urgent need to recognize the Alphabetical by title Articles I magnitude of the problem of child sexual abuse, and to act to prevent it. The Incidence And Prevalence Of Woman Abuse In Toronto Smith, Michael D. Violence and Victims, Vol. 2, No. 3 Fall 1987 A telephone survey on the physical abuse of women by a male intimate was conducted with a sample of 604 Toronto women. The results, which showed higher estimates than those obtained in a similar survey conducted two years earlier, appear to be the result mainly of improved methodological procedures. The Incidence Of Wife Abuse And Battering And Some Sociodemographic Correlates As Revealed By Two National Surveys In Palestine Society Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. Journal of Family Violence December 2000 Over the past 3 decades, wife abuse and battering has become a major concern throughout the world. However, there is a serious dearth of empirical knowledge about different dimensions of the problem in the Arab world. This article documents the incidence of different patterns of abuse and battering as revealed in two national surveys conducted among Palestinian women from the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Systematic random samples of 2,410 men and 1,334 women participated in the first and second surveys, respectively. The annual incidence of psychological, sexual and economic abuse as well as physical violence are presented, and some of their sociodemographic corelates are discussed in relation to each of the two surveys. The limitations of the two surveys and implications of their results for future research and theory are also discussed. The Incidence Of Witnessing Interparental Violence And Some Of Its Psychological Consequences Among Arab Adolescents Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 25, No. 7 July 2001 Objectives: The study has two aims. First, it sought to examine the incidence of intraparental psychological aggression and physical violence witnessed by Arab adolescents. Second, it sought to assess the implications of suck exposure on adolescent's feelings of hopelessness, psychological adjustment problems and self-esteem. Method: A crosssectional survey was conducted among a sample of 1640 Arab adolescents from Israel. Different forms of the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) were utilized to measure the extent of intraparental psychological aggression and physical violence witnessed by adolescents. The Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC), the Psychological Adjustment Scale (PAS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) were used to measure the above-mentioned psychological states. Results: The results indicate that Arab adolescents witness high rates of psychological aggression and physical violence between their parents. Furthermore, regression and multiple regression analyses revealed that significant amounts of the variance in adolescents' hopelessness, psychological adjustment problems, and low self-esteem are explained by witnessing different patterns of intraparental psychological aggression and physical violence, beyond the amounts of variance in these criterion variables that can be attributed to some sociodemographic characteristics of the adolescents, their parents, and families. Conclusions: The results provided strong support for the hypothesis that witnessing intraparental aggression and violence has a strong detrimental impact on adolescents' psychological states. Furthermore, the results emphasize the need for further research into the effects of witnessing other patterns pf psychological aggression and physical violence in adolescents nuclear and extended families. It would also be worthwhile to investigate the risk factors that predispose violence in the family and the consequences of those factors. The Incidence Of Witnessing Interpersonal Violence And Some Of Its Psychological Consequences Among Arab Adolescents Haj-Yahia, Muhammad M. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 25, No. 7 July 2001 The study had two aims. First, it sought to examine the incidence of interparental psychological aggression and physical violence witnessed by Arab adolescents. Second, it sougt to assess the implications of such exposure on adolescents' feelings of hopelessness, psychological adjustment problems, and selfesteem. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 1640 Arab adolescents from Isreal. Different forms of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) were utilzed to measure thge extent of interparental psychological aggression and physical violence witnessed by adolescents. The resulst indicate that Arab adolescents witness high rates of pschological aghgression and physical violence between their parents. Furthermore, regression and multiple regression analyses revealed taht significant amounts of the variance in adolescent' hopelessness, psychological adjustment problems, and low selfesteem are explained by witnessing different patterns of interparental psychological aggression and physical violence, beyond the amounts of variance in these criterion variables Alphabetical by title Articles I that can be attributed to some sociodemographic charcateristics of the adolescents, their parents, and families. Including Siblings In The Treatment Of Child Sexual Abuse Baker, Juanita N and Rice, Jennifer B. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2001 Siblings are often not included in treatment programs for children who have been sexually abused. This article describes the necessity of including siblings in the treatment of victims of child sexual abuse. Including siblings in treatment permits families to realize the maximum benefits of therapy for the victim as well as each family member. Theoretical and practical reasons to include siblings in treatment are discussed (i.e., preventing future abuse, providing support for siblings, teaching siblings to refrain from victimblaming). Case examples using a particular intervention approach at the Family Learning Program and results of client satisfaction surveys are described. Inclusive Governance Practices In Nonprofit Organizations And Implications For Practice Brown, William A. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, Vol. 12, No. 4 Summer 2002 An inclusive board seeks information from multiple sources, demonstrates an awareness of the community and constituents that benefit from and contribute to the organization's services, and establishes policies and structures to foster stakeholder contributions. This research investigated the prevalence of inclusive governance practices and its relationships. Increases In Premature Mortality Due To Homicide: United States, 1968-1985 Martinez-Schnell, Beverly and Waxweiler, Richard J. Violence and Victims, Vol. 4, No. 4 Winter 1989 From 1968 to 1985, the rate of homicide in the United States increased 44%. This increase calls attention to the emerging importance of interpersonal violence relative to all public health problems affecting persons under 65 years of age. Increases In U.S. Violent Crime During The 1980's Following Four American Military Actions Bebber, Charles C. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 9, No. 1 March 1994 An increase in the rate of criminal violence greater than that of the previous year appeared immediately after each of the four military episodes of the 1980's, but at no other time. These findings are held to support the contention that a legitimization of violence model provides the best explanation of the link between war and civil violence. Indentifying Domestic Violence In Child Abuse And Neglect Investigations Magen, Randy H and Simon, Barbara Levy Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 16, No. 6 June 2001 This study's primary objective was to evaluate the implications of a domestic violence questionnaire introduced as a component of child maltreatment investigations. Interviews were conducted with a sample of 15 caseworkers. Case record data provided additional data. The questionnaire resulted in100% increase in the number of battered women identified during investigations. The interview data revealed that although there was resistance to the implementation of the questionnaire, there was a willingness to comply and complete the questionnaire. Workers conveyed a sense of responsibility to provide services to combat domestic violence. Most respondents believed their mandate was to protect the child and questioned the role of identifying domestic violence in protecting children. The questions of how child protective workers should assess and intervene with domestic violence are complex and lead to an examination of the mission of child protective service agencies. Individual Differences Among Undergraduate Women In Methods Of Coping With Stressful Events: The Impact Of Cumulative Childhood Stressors And Abuse Leitenberg, Harold and Novy, Pamela L. New York, NY: Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 28, No. 2 February2004 The purpose of this study was to determine if a history of greater exposure to different types of adverse and/or abusive experiences in childhood would influence coping strategies used by undergraduate women to deal with new stressful events in young adulthood. Individual Differences In Self-Appraisals And Responses To Dating Violence Scenarios Katz, Jennifer and Arias, Ileana Violence and Victims, Vol. 12, No. 3 Fall 1997 Research suggests that certain types of selfappraisals may predispose individuals to be more or less tolerant of relationship violence. This study investigates two such appraisals, selfesteem and self-attributions, as correlates of Alphabetical by title women's responses to hypothetical episodes of relationship violence by their dating partners. Articles I Individual Rather Than Situational Characteristics Predict Violence In A Maximum Security Hospital Rasmussen, Kirsten and Levander, Sten Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 11, No. 3 September 1996 Assaults on staff in a maximum security psychiatric hospital were analyzed over a 6.5year period. The Influence Of Interpersonal Competence On Personal Vulnerability Of Persons With Mental Retardation Nettelbeck, Ted and Perry, Caroline Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 15, No. 1 January 2000 Four factors in Sparks's model of victim proneness were tested among 31 persons with mental retardation who were victims of a personal offense and 32 nonvictims with mental retardation. The Influence Of Race And Gender On Student Self -Reports Of Sexual Harassment By College Professors Kalof, Linda and Kroska, Rob J. Gender & Society, Vol. 15, No. 2 April 2001 A survey of 525 undergraduates found that 40 percent of the women and 28.7 percent of the men had been sexually harassed by a college professor or instructor. Most incidents were gender harassment. While women reported significantly more gender harassment than did men, there were no gender differences in the frequency of unwanted sexual attention or sexual coercion. At least one incident of sexual harassment by a professor was experienced by 30 percent of the Blacks, 30 percent of the Hispanics, 33 percent of the Asians, 30 percent of the students of other minority groups, and 39 percent of the whites. Again, most of the experiences were gender harassment. Among those respondents who had experienced at least one incident of sexual harassment, almost all answered "never" to the question "Have you ever been sexually harassed by a college professor or instructor?" We conclude with some suggestions particularly the need to improve measurement of the harassment experiences of men and of nonwhite women. The Influence Of Sexually Violent Rap Music On Attitudes Of Men With Little Prior Exposure Wester, Stephen R and Quatman, Gerald L. Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 4 December 1997 This article is among the first to focus on commercially available sexually violent rap music, so-called "gangsta" rap (GR) and its influence on attitudes towards women. Collegiate males with little experience with GR were exposed to GR music. lyrics, both or neither. Thus the effect of GR music and lyrics were isolated from each other and from acculturation to GR. Collapsing across all attitude measures, neither lyrics alone nor lyrcis with music resulted in significantly more negative attitudes toward women than music-only or no-treatment control conditions. Participants in the lyrics conditions had significantly greater advesarial sexual beliefs than no-lyrics participants, however. The Influence Of Social Capital On Mathematics CourseSelection By Latino High School Students Valadez, James R. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 3 August 2002 This study examined the processes involved in a high school mathematics course selection among Latino students. Of particular interest in this study were an investigation of how parental involvement affects these processes. The findings in this research generally provide evidence to support the notion that social capital is associated with more informed educational decisions. Introduction of ethnicity and socioeconomic variables complicate the findings by showing that aspects of parental involvement may be effective for White students but not for Latinos. Although social capital is effective for upper socioeconomic Latinas at increasing the likelihood of algebra and advanced academics enrollment, it tends to be less effective for lower socioeconomic Latinos. Future research should point toward a continued examination of the nature of our stratified society and how social capital varies across social class groups. Future initiatives should be directed at schools to develop programs, interventions, and partnerships with Latino families to help parents recognize and take advantage of their own resources to guide their children toward higher education. The Influence Of Victim Gender And Sexual Orientation On Judgements Of The Vitim In A Depicted Stranger Rape Davies, Michelle Victims and Violence, Vol. 16, No. 6 This study investigated the impact of respondent gender, victim gender, and victim sexual orientation on judgments toward the victim of a depicted stranger rape. Respondents were required to read a scenario in which victim gender and sexual orientation varied between subjects, and to complete measures of Alphabetical by title Articles I behavioral blame, responsibility, and severity of the attack. Results revealed that male respondents judged gay male victims more negatively than they did other victims. Female respondents' judgments were pro-victim regardless of victim gender and victim sexual orientation. Results are discussed in relation to the feminist analysis of victim blame toward male rape victims. Implications for support services, particularly of male victims, are also considered. The Influence Of Victim's Attire On Adolescents' Judgments Of Date Rape Cassidy, Linda and Hurrell, Rose Marie Adolescence, Vol. 30, No. 118 1995 A vignette depicting a date rape was presented to 352 male and female high school students. To investigate the effect of the victim's clothing on subjects' judgments of the date rape, the vignette was accompanied by either a photograph of the victim dressed "provocatively," a photograph of the victim dressed conservatively, or no photograph. Subjects who viewed the photograph of the victim in "provocative" clothing were more likely than subjects who viewed the victim dressed conservatively or who saw no photograph of the victim to indicate that the victim was responsible for her assailant's behavior or that his behavior was justified, and were less likely to judge the act of unwanted sexual intercourse as rape. Influences Of Fraternity Membership, Athletics, And Male Living Arrangements On Sexual Aggression Boeringer, Scot B. Violence Against Women, Vol. 2, No. 2 June 1996 Fraternity members displayed significantly more use of intoxicants in obtaining sex, and also more use of nonphysical verbal coercion, but no greater use of physical force, than nonfraternity members. Athletes displayed greater rape proclivity, but no greater coercive /aggressive sexual behavior. The results are discussed in light of other recent evidence indicting fraternities for their sexual conduct. Informal Social Support Interventions And Their Role In Violence Prevention: An Agenda For Future Evaluation Budde, Stephen and Schene, Patricia Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 19, No. 3 March 2004 There is increasing interest among policymakers and practitioners in tapping the potential of family friends, volunteers, peer support groups, and mutual aid organizations to help prevent violence. The popularity of these informal social support (ISS) interventions stems, in part, from their flexibility, responsiveness to individual needs, and perceived low cost. However, there is still limited understanding of whether and how ISS interventions can improve social support, reduce violence, or save money. Furthermore, mobilizing and sustaining ISS interventions appear to be difficult, particularly for families living in high-risk environments. Rigorous and creative evaluations of ISS interventions are needed to inform policy decisions and refine program development and implementation. Focusing on the field of child maltreatment, we describe different kinds of ISS interventions and outline an evaluation agenda that includes core research questions and evaluation challenges and strategies. Information Integration In Child Welfare Cases: An Introduction To Statistical Decision Making Ruscio, John Child Maltreatment, Vol. 3, No. 2 May 1998 In this article, two general methods for formulating decision-making policies for child welfare cases are presented, along with a discussion of the considerable research literature demonstrating the superior predictive validity of statistical decision models over clinical prediction. Informing The Research Agenda On Domestic Abuser Intervention Through PractitionerResearcher Dialogues Murphy, Christopher M and Diehemann, Jacqueline A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 14, No. 12 December 1999 Officials in the state of Maryland have adopted the goal of establishing empirically based practice standards for intervention programs that work with domestic abuse perpetrators. This article highlights a set of roundtable discussions between practitioners, policy makers, and researchers, the goal of which was to inform the research agenda on Abuser Intervention Programs (AIPs). Injury Patterns In Women Resulting From Sexual Assault Sommers, Marilyn Sawyer and Hillard, Paula Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, Vol. 2, No. 3 July 2001 Although sexual assault is one of the fastest growing and most violent crimes in America today, we have much to learn about the best strategies for completing the forensic examination. This integrated review of the literature attempts to shed light on our current knowledge about the pattern and location of genital injuries caused by forced sexual intercourse. Three mechanisms exist for genital examination following sexual assault: direct visualization, staining, and colposcopy. In survivors of sexual assault, reported rates of genital injury vary, with investigators using direct Alphabetical by title Articles I visualization reporting the lowest rates (5%-53%) and investigators using colposcopy technique reporting the highest (68%-87%). In addition, the location of genital injury is important because it may be a mechanism to differentiate consensual from nonconsensual sex. Therefore, as the science develops, the severity, location, and pattern of genital injuries may be used to draw conclusions about the nature and intent of the assault. Innovative Community Services For Rape Victims: An Application Of Multiple Case Study Methodology Campbell, Rebecca and Ahrens, Courtney E. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, Vol. 26 No. 4 1998 A qualitative multiple case study design was used to examine communities across the United States that have developed coordinated communitybased programs to assist rape victims. Previous studies have suggested that coordinated community programs help victims obtain needed resources and services. This study provided a follow-up examination of how and why these programs are helpful to rape victims. Innovative Steps To Take In Sexual Harassment Prevention Thacker, Rebecca A. Business Horizons, Vol. 37, No. 1 1994 This article presents guidelines to help leaders ensure that sexual harassment within their organization is stopped. It discusses the need for sexual harassment prevention, the problem with most sexual harassment prevention policies, how to emphasize commitment to eliminating sexual harassment from the workplace, how to modify existing prevention training programs, and the role of the supervisor. Inpatient And Postdischarge Aggression In Mentally Disordered Offenders: The Role Of Psychopathy Heilbrun, Kirk and White, Adam J. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 13, No. 4 August 1998 The present study is among only a few to investigate the relationship between psychopathy and violence in mentally disordered offenders. Invisible Touch George, M.J. Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 8, No. 1 January-February 2003 The controversy surrounding violence by female partners to intimate males has been reviewed from a diverse range of literature and disciplines. Historical and case evidence is presented against a background of the controversy surrounding the findings of studies, using the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), which show ample evidence of assaults by women on male partners. This evidence is discussed and interpreted against the background of social representations and stereotypical images of male and female to show that the "battered husband syndrome" is a reality and is comparable to the battered wife scenario. Implications for the discussion of intimate violence within academia and elsewhere are drawn and the reasons for the suppression of data and the existence of a controversy on this topic made evident. It is concluded that academic controversy is unnecessary and counterproductive. Issues Concerning The Reliability And Validity Of The Diagnosis Of Sexual Sadism Applied In Prison Settings Marshall, W. L and Yates, Pamela Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, Vol. 14, No. 4 October 2002 This study examined limited aspects of the diagnoses of sexual sadism among incarcerated sexual offenders. The diagnoses examined in this study were made by experienced forensic psychiatrics following DSM-III-R or DSM-IV criteria. Archival data was extracted on 51 sexual offenders for whom a psychiatric evaluation had been requested. Analyses of offense history and features, offender self-reports, and phallometric data, indicated few differences between those offenders diagnosed as sadists and those not so diagnosed. In fact, where there were differences, the data indicated that the nonsadists were the most deviant. The results are discussed in terms of their meaning for both forensic practice in prisons and the value of the diagnosis of sexual sadism. Institutional Affiliation And Satisfaction Among Feminist Professors : Is There An Advantage To Women's Colleges? Gross, Rachel and Crosby, Faye Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 1 March 2001 Do feminist professors of psychology who teach at women's colleges derive more satisfaction from their academic lives than feminist professors who teach at coed (universities)? If one assumes that gynocentric environments are more pleasing to feminists, the answer should be "yes". Using questionnaire and interview data from 76 selfidentified feminist psychology professors, we tested the expectation that feminist women teaching at women's colleges are more satisfied than their counterparts elsewhere. We found that feminist professors were generally satisfied with their pedagogical situations and were generally dedicated to and successful at teaching. Institutional affiliation produced little difference in Alphabetical by title Articles I satisfaction or practice, but feminists at women's colleges generally did feel more supported than feminists elsewhere. Insurance Company Liability For Sexual Assault Perry, Anne L. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1, No. 6 July/August 1998 This article presents several recent cases involving the issue of insurance companies' liability for sexual assault committed by insured customers. An Integrated Theoretical Model Of Sibling Violence And Abuse Hoffman, Kristi L and Edwards, John N. Journal of Family Violence, Vol. 19, No. 3 June 2004 Drawing on three theoretical perspectives (feminist, conflict, and social learning), an integrated analytical model of adolescence sibling violence and abuse is proposed. Integrating Cognitive-Behavioral And Expressive Therapy Interventions: Applying The Trauma Outcome Process In Treating Children With Sexually Abusive Behavior Problems Rasmussen, Lucinda A. Journal of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Vol. 10, No. 2001 This article presents intervention strategies based on the Trauma Outcome Process, an integrated treatment model for guiding clinical practice with children with sexually abusive behavior problems. The steps for completing a comprehensive assessment are reviewed, and strategies are presented to help clinicians create a therapeutic alliance and increase these children's self -awareness of their thoughts, feelings and body sensations. Treatment techniques based on an integrated approach combining cognitive-behavioral and expressive therapy approaches are described. These exercises help children accept responsibility for sexually inappropriate behavior and select adaptive responses for coping with the effects of traumatic experiences. Integrating Spirituality And Domestic Violence Treatment: Treatment Of Aboriginal Men Kiyoshk, Robert Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, Vol. 7, No. ½ 2003 This article provides a brief reflection on how the Change of Seasons treatment model developed and the reasons for its success with Aboriginal men. Parallels between Aboriginal perspectives, or worldviews, and Ken Wilber's transpersonal psychology, Robert Sheldrake's fields theory, and Peter Senge's systems thinking are also discussed. Practical rituals and ceremonies that have been successfully integrated into psychoeducational group counseling as practiced in the Change of Seasons model are explained. These musings are included to initiate further dialogue on holistic approaches to counseling and other community initiatives. An Integrative Contextual Developmental Model Of Male Stalking White, Jacquelyn and Valentine, Sherri Violence and Victims, Vol. 15, No. 4 Winter 2000 This article evaluates current research and theory on stalking as a form of male violence against women. The integrative contextual development model (White & Kowalski, 1998) suggests that stalking, as legally defined, is best understood as a multiply determined form of violence, with variables identifiable at several levels, the sociocultural, interpersonal, dyadic, situational and intrapersonal. The model also serves as a famework for identifying gaps in current research and suggests directions for further work. An Integrative Review Of Separation In The Context Of Victimization: Consequences And Implications For Women Walker, Robert and Campbell, Jacquelyn C. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, Vol. 5, No. 2 April 2004 This article has 5 main purposes: 1) to review the research on the consequences of spousal separation; 2) to review the consequences when children are involved, to review; 3) to review the research on the consequences of victimization; 4) to integrate the separation and victimization research to examine separation in the context of victimization; and 5) to discuss the implications of separation in the context of victimization for practice and research. Intentional Falsification In Reports Of Interpartner Aggression Riggs, David S and O'Leary, K. Daniel Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 4, No. 2 June 1989 A persistent question in behavior studies concerns the truthfulness of self-report data. This study examines the willingness of subjects to report relationship aggression. An Interdisciplinary Team ("I-Team") Manual Arises From Wisconsin's Fight Against Elder Abuse Abramson, Betsy J. Victimization of the Elderly and Disabled, Vol. 5, No 1 May/June 2002 Alphabetical by title Articles I The subject of interdisciplinary teams (I-Teams) is one increased interest for professionals in the field of elder abuse and adult protective services. As cases become more complex, the resources needed to resolve them involve a wider variety of community agencies and professionals. Without a coordinated response, important information may be missed, and victims may be subjected to a series of conflicting interventions. The formation of an I team requires leadership and patience. This article is the first in a two part series and it addresses the reasons for forming and I-Team as well as considerations to be taken into account when setting up a viable system. The Internal Validity Of The Index Of Spouse Abuse In African American Women Cook, Sarah L and Kaslow, Nadine J. Violence and Victims, Vol. 18, No. 6 December 2003 This study investigated the internal validity of the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA) in a sample of 583 African American women who sought health care at a hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. International Challenges In Implementing Human Rights Of Persons With Mental Illness Sundram, Clarence J. Victimization of the Elderly and Disabled, Vol. 4, No 3 September/October 2001 Addresses the World Health Organization's conference on mental health. Also addresses the challenges raised at this conference regarding in promoting and protecting the human rights of persons with mental illnesses. Inter-Rater Reliability Of The Report Form For Aggressive Episodes Bjorkly, Sta Journal of Family Violence September 2000 This paper reports on the inter-rater reliability of the Report Form For Aggressive Episodes (REFA). This rating scale is designed to measure displayed aggressive behavior and its situational determinant(s) according to a list of 30 potential precipitants of aggression. Findings of this study, where 48 raters assessed 10 clinical vignettes each by means of the REFA, show high levels of inter-rater agreement and reliability. Results also indicate that REFA intems are homogenous in terms of how raters respond to them. The Intergenerational Cycle Of Child Maltreatment: Continuity Versus Discontinuity Zuravin, Susan and Risley-Curtiss, Christina Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 11, No. 3 September 1996 Both the dose and the attachment hypotheses were examined in this study of 213 mothers maltreated as children in one of three ways (beatings, neglect, or sexual abuse). The findings are discussed in terms of current theory and research on intergenerational maltreatment. Intergenerational Cycle Of Maltreatment: A Popular Concept Obscured By Methodological Limitations Newcomb, Michael D and Locke, Thomas F. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 25, No. 9 Septmeber 2001 Objective: The intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment is a controversial subject. Much of existing research is plagued with at least three fundamental weaknesses; (1) using care status to define subjects; (2) adopting a dichotomous perspective that does not consider the reality of maltreatment on various continua; and (3) using operational definitions that fail to differentiate between maltreatment subtypes. We controlled for these problems and examined the structure of child maltreatment and its influence on later parenting practices in an ethnically diverse community sample. Method: data from a community sample of parents (N=383) were analyzed with a Structural Equation Modeling methodology. Reliable and valid continuous measures of child maltreatment (Child Trauma Questionnaire) and parenting practices (parental Acceptance and Rejection Questionnaire) were used. Results: Results revealed a moderately strong effect from a general factor of Child Maltreatment to a general factor of Poor Parenting for both mothers and fathers, supporting a common dysfunctional transmission process. For mothers, Family Neglect by itself also led to poor parenting, and sexual abuse as a child led to aggressive parenting. For fathers, Child Maltreatment had a different structure, as sexual abuse led to rejecting parenting practices. Conclusions: This study supports the intergenerational cycle of child maltreatment hypothesis in such a way that several weaknesses in much of existing research were controlled. Clinical implications and potential mechanisms of transmission are discussed. Intergenerational Substance Abuse And Domestic Violence As Familial Risk Factors For Lifetime Attempted Suicide Among Battered Women Ragin, Deborah Fish and Bingham, Lewis E. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 10 October 2002 This study examined the impact of two factors, intergenerational substance abuse and exposure to domestic violence, on the lifetime attempted suicide histories of adult, minority, battered women residing in a domestic violence shelter. A total of 122 women, mostly African American and Alphabetical by title Articles I Latina, were interviewed to obtain their retrospective reports of the frequency and use of substances and on the incidences of domestic violence among their immediate (first-degree) and extended (second-degree) family members. Intergenerational Transmission Of Abuse: A Two-Generational Prospective Study Of An At-Risk Sample Pears, Katherine C and Capaldi, Deborah M. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 25, No. 11 November 2001 Objective: A model was examined in which the association between a parent's history of abuse and the parent's own abusive behavior toward his or her children was hypothesized to be mediated by parental psychopathology, early childbearing, and consistency of discipline. Additionally, the effect of severity of abuse on the likelihood of becoming abusive was examined. Method: Participants were 109 parents (G!) and their male children (G2) who were involved in a longitudinal study. The G1 parents reported on their own experiences of abuse when they were children. Ten years later, the G2 youths reported on the G1 parents' abusive behavior toward them. A number of factors, including parental socioeconomic status (SES), antisocial behavior, depression and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), consistency of discipline, and the perceived early difficulty of the G2 children were measured. Results: As reported by their own children, parents who reported having been abused in childhood were significantly more likely to engage in abusive behaviors toward the next generation. Findings indicated that abuse experienced by the parents, as well as consistency of discipline and depression plus PTSD, were predictive of parental abuse of the child. Contrary to hypotheses, the effects were not fully mediated. However, there were significant interactions between parental history of abuse and consistency of discipline, as well as abuse history and depression and PTSD. Parents experienced multiple acts of abuse and at least one physical impact were more likely to become abusive than were the other parents. Intergenerational Transmission Of Violence, Self-Control, And Conjugal Violence: A Comparative Analysis Of Physical Violence And Psychological Aggression Avakame, Edem F. Violence and Victims, Vol. 13, No. 3 Fall 1998 This paper is a sequel to a study which sought to determine whether violence in families of origin affects males' psychological aggression toward wives, and whether the intergenerational transmission effect is solely direct or mediated by Gottfredson and Hirshi's concept of self -control. The Integration Of Etiology And Risk In Sexual Offenders : A Theoretical Framework Beech, Anthony R and Ward, Tony Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 10, No. 1 November-December 2004. This article incorporates the static and dynamic risk factors for sexual offenders into an etiological framework. International Perspective: Social Care Homes In Bulgaria Sundram, Clarence J. Victimization of the Elderly and Disabled, Vol. 5, No. 1 May/June 2002 The author recounts his visit to Bulgaria to examine the conditions in social care homes which are long term facilities for people with mental disabilities. The author was following up on a European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) report detailing what it considered "horrific" conditions in these social care homes. He found the conditions in the report and those which were worse. Internet Plagiarism Among College Students Scanlon, Patrick M and Neuman, David R. Journal of College Student Development, Vol. 43, No. 3, May/June 2002 Six hundred-eighty undergraduates (85.9% between the ages of 17 and 23; 87.5% in the first through fourth year) from nine colleges and universities completed a survey on internet plagiarism. A substantial minority of students reported they use the internet to copy and paste text into their papers without citation. Interpersonal Conflict Which Includes Mistreatment In A University Workplace Spratlen, Lois Price Violence and Victims, Vol. 10, No. 4 Winter 1995 In order to provide detailed documentation of faculty and staff experiences of perceived mistreatment, this article reports the findings of an institutional survey of mistreatment. The negative consequences of mistreatment for individuals in the workplace, as well as for the institution as a whole, are substantial. Interpersonal Dependency Among Adult Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse In Therapy Hill, Erica and Bornstein, Robert F. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 9, No. 2 2000 This study investigated dependency in survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The interpersonal Dependency Inventory (IDI) was administered at intake to 24 men and 85 women seen in therapy at a university-based community Alphabetical by title Articles I mental health clinic. In contrast to findings from earlier studies, no significant gender differences were obtained for IDI whole-scale or subscale scores. Analyses comparing CSA IDI scores with the IDI scores of poreviously studies groups indicated that among women, CSA survivors obtained higher dependency scores than nonCSA psychoatric patients, community adults and college students. Findings for men were less consistent. Follow-up analyses revealed that commonly investigated CSA characteristics were unrelated to survivors' dependency scores. Implications of these findings for future research and clinical practice are explored. Interpersonal Hostility And Violence In Vietnam Combat Veterans With Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review Of Theoretical Models And Empircal Evidence Beckham, Jean C and Reynolds, Victoria Aggression and Violent Behavior September-October 2000 There is strong evidence that anger and violence are prevalent problems in Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, and a summary of relevant empirical studies is presented. However, the pathways responsible for development and perpetuation of anger and violence in this clinical popluation have been unidentified. Available information processing and neurobiological models regarding how anger and aggression may be dysregulated in response to trauma are reviewed. Anger and interpersonal violence in Vietnam veterans with PTSD may have a distinct etiology and maintenance compared to other disorders and may be directly related to neurobiological and trauma related factors. Although anger has not yet been directly modeled in accordance with theories of PTSD, these models may provide frameworks for investigating how anger may be associated with the development and maintenance of PTSD. Additional suggestions for future research are offered. Interpersonal Problems And Their Relationship To Sexual Revictimization Among Women Sexually Abused In Childhood Classen, Catherine Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 16, No. 6 June 2001 This study examined the relationship between sexual revictimization and interpersonal problems in a sample of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Fifty-two treatment -seeking women participated in this study. Research participants completed the Sexual Experiences Survey to assess sexual revictimization within the past 6 months and completed the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Revictimization participants reported overall greater interpersonal problems compared with nonrevictimized participants. Post hoc analyses showed significantly higher interpersonal problem scores for revictimized participants on the Hard to Be Assertive and Too Responsible subscales. On the circumplex, IIP, revictimization participants were more socially avoidant, nonassertive, and overly nuturant. Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity In Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors: Mediator Of Depressive Symptoms And Anger Suppression Luterek, Jane A and Marx, Brian P. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 19, No. 1 January 2004 This study investigated whether interpersonal rejection sensitivity serves a mediating role between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and three long-term psychological correlations of CSA in adult female survivors: depressive symptoms, anger suppression, and attenuated emotional expression. Interpersonal rejection sensitivity has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of depression and is elevated in CSA survivors. Participants in this study were 355 female undergraduates, 34 of whom reported a history of CSA. Results demonstrated that interpersonal rejection sensitivity mediates the relationship between CSA and later depressive symptoms. Interpersonal rejection sensitivity partially mediated the relationship between CSA and anger suppression; however, it did not mediate the relationship between CSA and attenuated emotional expression. These results are examined within the context of the current literature on adult CSA survivors and their implications are discussed. Interpersonal Violence And Posttraumatic Symptomatology: The Effects Of Ethnicity, Gender, And Exposure To Violent Events McGruder-Johnson, Anita K and Finch, John F. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 15, No. 2 February 2000 A sample of 222 African American, Mexican American, or European American undergraduate students completed questionnaires assessing lifetime exposure to interpersonal violence and current levels of psychological distress. The frequency of interpersonal violence was high. Women reported more direct sexual experiences whereas men reported more nonsexual violent events. Analysis suggested that the degree of exposure to violence explained most, but not all of the ethnic and gender differences found in terms of posttraumatic symptomatology. The Interplay Of Autonomy And Relatedness In Hong Kong Chinese Single Mothers Choy, Winnie C and Moneta, Giovanni B. Alphabetical by title Articles in the context of cancer and cardiovascular disease. I Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 3, September 2002. The mediating effects of autonomy and relatedness on the relationship between selfesteem and life satisfaction were investigated among 49 single mothers. Among all tested variables in the dimension of relatedness, only network orientation (propensity to utilize one's available social support) was a mediator of the positive relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction. No variable in the dimension of autonomy was a mediator. Three components of self-actualization contributed to the model: selfregard mediated the relationship between selfesteem and network orientation, self -acceptance contributed to life satisfaction directly and indirectly by contributing to self-regard. Findings suggest that Chinese single mothers' psychological adjustment can be enhanced by fostering their self-regard, self-acceptance, and readiness to seek help from trusted others. The Integration Of Etiology And Risk In Sexual Offenders : A Theoretical Framework Beech, Anthony R and Ward, Tony.. New York, NY: Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 10, No. 1, November-December 2004 This article incorporates the static and dynamic risk factors for sexualoffenders into an etiological framework. The Intersection Of Disability And Child Abuse In England And The United States Cohen, Shirley and Warren, Rachel D. Child Welfare, Vol. 69, No. 3 1990 This article reports the findings of a World Rehabilitation Fund Fellowship study on the intersection of child abuse, family support, and disability in England. These findings are then compared to the American picture in this arena, and implications for new directions are delineated. The Intersection Of Mental And Physical Health In Older Mexican Americans Schneider, Myra G. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 26, No. 3 August 2004 The incidence of chronic diseases is highest among the elderly in general; compared to AngloAmericans, Mexican Americans have lower rates of cancer and cardiovascular disease and higher rates of depression and diabetes. Using baseline data from the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemilogic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) study, weighted hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that socioeconomic, cultural and psychosocial profiles of respondents varied Interventions For Sexually Abused Children: Initial Treatment Outcome Findings Cohen, Judith A and Mannarino, Anthony P. Child Maltreatment, Vol. 3, No. 1 February 1998 This study evaluated treatment outcome for 49 recently sexually abused children aged 7-14, who were randomly assigned to receive either sexual abuse-specific cognitive behavioral therapy or nondirective supportive therapy. Intervention In Child Neglect: An Applied Behavioral Perspective Gershater-Molko, Ronit M and Sherman, James A. Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 7, No. 2, March-April 2002 Child maltreatment in the forms of abuse and neglect is a serious social problem, affecting over 1.5 million children in the US annually. Abuse has generally received more public and professional attention than other forms of child maltreatment. Given that more than one type of child maltreatment frequently occurs in families, there are few behavioral studies that have specifically addressed techniques for reduction of child neglect. Only recently have researchers begun to regard child neglect as a phenomenon that may be conceptually different from other forms of child maltreatment, thereby warranting specific attention. Described here are intervention strategies for parents at-risk for or referred for child neglect. We review these strategies, along with commentary on the difficulties of conducting applied research in this field. Suggestions are offered for improved intervention research in child neglect. Interventions With Battered Women In Health Care Settings Kurz, Demie Violence and Victims, Vol. 5, No. 4 Winter 1990 This paper presents observation data on characteristics of battered women in four hospital Emergency Departments (EDs) and on staff responses to battered women in these EDs. An Interview With Susan Berresford O'Neill, Michael Nonprofit Management and Leadership, Vol. 8, No. 3 Spring 1998 Susan Berresford became president of the Ford Foundation in April 1996. This interview focuses on Ford's strategy as a major grantmaker in addressing contemporary social issues, including the changing role of government, social and demographic trends, changes in social welfare Alphabetical by title policy and management, and leadership challenges facing nonprofit organizations. Articles I loneliness, intimacy, hostility toward women, and rape myth acceptance. Intimacy Development: The Influence Of Abuse And Gender Ducharme, Jennifer and Battle, Paula Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 12, No. 4 August 1997 The purpose of this brief report was to investigate the influence of childhood physical abuse and gender on intimacy. Intimacy, Loneliness, And Attachment Style In Sexual Offenders Hudson, Stephen M and Ward, Tony Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 12, No. 3 June 1997 The authors have developed an attachmentbased model that relates offending styles and interpersonal goals, and they have provided some preliminary evidence for it at the level of attachment style and offender type. Intimate Femicide: A National Demographic Overview Stout, Karen D. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 6, No. 4 December 1991 This exploratory study identifies intimate femicide as a missing link in social science research on violence against women. Intimate Partner Abuse Among Women On Methadone Frye, Victoria and Christie, Nicole Violence and Victims, Vol. 16, No. 5 October 2001 This article reports findings on the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner sexual abuse (using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale) among a sample of women in methadone treatment in New York City. Results indicate that, during the course of the intimate relationship, approximately 47% were sexually assaulted and/or coerced. Nine percent had experienced intimate partner assault and 38% intimate partner sexual coercion in the past year of the relationship. Bivariate analyses revealed that women who were sexually abused in the past 12 months prior to the interview tended also to be physically abused by intimate partners. Women who were unemployed, poor, crack-cocaine or injectingdrug users, and were physically and/or sexually abused as children, were at increased risk of experiencing intimate sexual partner abuse in adulthood. In multivariate models, only extreme poverty and sexual abuse in childhood emerged as risk factors for intimate partner sexual abuse in childhood. Intimate Partner Abuse And Mental Health Carlson, Bonnie E and Rose, Isabel M. Interviewer Training In The WHO Multi-Country Study On Women's Health And Domestic Violence Jansen, Henrica A. F and Garcia-Moreno, Claudia Violence Against Women, Vol. 10, No. 7 July 2004 The importance of a sound research strategy for measuring and understanding violence against women cross-culturally is well recognized. This article describes interviewer selection and training in the World Health Organzation (WHO) Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence and highlights their importance. Interviewing Elders For Suspected Sexual Abuse: Guidelines And Techniques Ramsey-Klawsnik, Holly Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 5, No. 1 1993 There is little professional literature, research or training regarding elder sexual abuse, despite the fact that cases are being identified in many locales. This article presents guidelines and techniques for identifying and interviewing possible elder victims of sexual abuse. Signs and symptoms of sexual abuse are provided and the variety of sexually abusive behaviors is delineated. Guidelines are presented regarding who could conduct interviews, the location and setting, and rapport-building. The range and nature of focused questioning are examined. Examples are provided of non-leading, open ended questions designed to screen for sexual abuse. Specific techniques are illustrated for working with non-verbal elders. Intervention strategies are suggested for cases in which sexual abuse has been substantiated. Interviewing Youthful Suspects In Alleged Sex Crimes: A Descriptive Analysis Hershkowitz, Irit and Sternberg, Kathleen J. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 28, No. 4 April 2004 Seventy-two alleged perpetrators ranging from 914 years of age were interviewed by youth investigators from the Israeli Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs about incidents reported by alleged victims. Intimacy And Loneliness, And Their Relationship To Rape Myth Acceptance And Hostility Toward Women Among Rapists Marshall, W. L and Hambley, Laura Sona Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 11, No. 4 December 1996 This brief report examines the relationship between rapists' scores on measures of Alphabetical by title Articles population. There is a lack of public awareness as well as research about IPV in Chinese populations. Studies of IPV prevalence in the Chinese-American population are also limited. This, studies of IPV in Chinese populations are needed to increase the Chinese public's recognition of this social problem and its impact on women's rights and health. In order to help identify areas of needed focus for future research, this review centers on the strengths and weaknesses of existing literature on IPV in China and compares the findings with other populations. Also, knowledge about Chinese women's positions in society and family, risk factors for IPV, social barriers preventing victims from receiving help, and mental and physical outcomes of IPV are reviewed. Intimate Partner Violence Among Female Caregivers Of Children Reported For Child Maltreatment Hazen, Andrea and Barth, Richard Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 28, No. 3 March 2004 The purpose of this article was to determine the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence among female caregivers of children reported to CPS (Child Protective Services). I Violence Against Women, Vol. 8, No.6, June 2002 Social Support and other protective factors (Education, Employment, Self -Esteem, Health, and Absence of Economic Hardship) were studied in relation to depression, anxiety, and three types of lifetime abuse (recent intimate partner violence and past intimate partner violence, child abuse). A survey of 557 women was conducted as part of a domestic violence screening intervention in primary care. Compared to nonabused women, recently abused women may receive less support from partners but reported comparable levels of support from others. Total protective factors potentially provided a buffer for abused women from developing anxiety and depression but appear less effective at severe levels of lifetime abuse. Intimate Partner Homicide: A Review Of The Male Proprietariness And The Self-Defense Theories Serran, Geris and Firestone, Philip Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 9, No. 1 January-February 2004 In recent years, more attention has been focused on domestic violence. The focus of this article is on the most serious aspect of domestic violence, intimate partner homicide. Although both men and women kill their intimate partners, it appears that differences exist in the motivation behind the homicide in both cases. The male proprietariness theory and the self-defense theory are presented as a means of understanding the gender differences in spousal homicide. These theories suggest that dynamics of the relationship play an important role in the increasing violence, which eventually results in homicide in certain instances. The implications of these theories are presented as means of reducing the number of domestic homicides. Intimate Partner Physical Abuse Perpetration And Victimization Risk Factors : A MetaAnalytic Review Stith, Sandra M and Tritt, Dari Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 10, No. 1 November-December 2004 Evidence from 85 studies was examined to identify risk factors most strongly related to intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization. Intimate Partner Violence Against Chinese Women : The Past, Present, And Future Xu, Xiao Trauma, Violence & Abuse, Vol. 2, No. 4 October 296 Chinese people make up one fifth of the world's total population, yet little is known regarding the prevalence, risk factors, and health outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) among this Intimate Partner Violence And Abuse Among Active Duty Military Women Campbell, Jacquelyn C and Dienemann, Jacqueline Thousand Oaks, CA: Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 9 September 2003 In a sample of 616 active duty military women, 30% reported adult lifetime intimate partner violence (IPV), defined as physical and/or sexual assault, was 44.3%. Risk factors for IPV (lifetime and while in the military) from multivariate logistic regression were separated or divorced marital status (odds ratio= 5.23, 6.17, respectively), being widowed (odds ratio =3.57, 4.57), having one child (odds ratio 2.12, 2.49) or three or more children (odds ratio = 2.72, 3.34), and being enlisted personnel rather that officers (odds ratio = 2.45-2.77). These prevalence rates and risk factors were similar to a demographically comparable civilian sample from the same geographic area. Existing military policies and programs should be examined. Existing military policies and programs should be examined and enhanced to maintain military readiness as well as reduce military women's risk of harm. Intimate Partner Violence And Health Status Among Older Women Mouton, Charles P. Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 12 December 2003 Alphabetical by title Articles I As the baby boomer generation ages, there are more than 18 million women older than 65 (13.3% of the female population in the United States). More than 41% of these women remain in intimate relationships with their partner and thus become vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV). This group of women represents a unique group in the violence literature. Most of this literature has focused on IPV in women of childbearing age. What happens to these women and their relationships as they age? How does IPV differ from women who not functionally dependent and not relying on their intimate partner for care? This article discusses the epidemiology of IPV, the health effects of IPV, and strategies for identification and intervention by health providers for this group of older women. Intimate Partner Violence And Physical Health Consequences : Policy And Practice Implications Plicta, Stacey B. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 19, No. 11 November 2004. Extensive research indicates that intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a significant risk to the physical health of women. This article reviews the literature of the past decade (1993 to 2003) regarding the relationship of intimate partner violence (IPV) to women's physical health, and use of health services. Intimate Partner Violence And The Justice System : An Examination Of The Interface Jordan, Carol E. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 19, No. 12 December 2004 Women entered the court system face a challenging experience, in part, because a courtroom can be an intimidating and difficult place for any personm and in part because women victimized by crimes in which the offender is known to them face distintive difficulties when they seek the court's remedies. This article briefly explores the unique chracteristics of intimate partner violence cases that influence the interface of these victims with the court system. A review is provided of research on the criminal justice interventions in cases of intimate partner violence; and research on the efficacy of civil protective status. Intimate Partner Violence In Jamaica : A Descriptive Study Of Women Who Access The Services Of The Women's Crisis Center In Kingston Arscott-Mills, Sharon Violence Against Women, Vol. 7, No. 11 November 2001 This study provides descriptive statistics on women who access the services of the Women's Crisis Center, a nongovernmental organization in Kingston, Jamaica, whose mission is to provide 24-hour counseling and shelter for women who are the victims of domestic violence. Questionnaires were completed by the center's trained staff at the close of a counseling session with adult women who accessed the services of the center between September 1 and November 30, 1999. This study analyzed 187 questionnaires for which the perpetrator of the incident was a male intimate partner. The sample was fairly homogenous demographically. Results revealed a high level of physical injury (89% n=166) and a low level of reporting violent incidents to the police (26% n=42). Although 75% (n=123) sought medical care, women first turned for assistance to pastors and counselors. Multisectoral support to strengthen and expand the services of the Women's Crisis Center is recommended. Intimate Partner Violence: A Gender Comparison McFarlane, Judith and Lemmey, Dorothy Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 15, No. 2 February 2000 To compare the severity of violence reported by women and men filing assault charges against an intimate partner, 100 complainants (90 women and 10 men) were interviewed. No significant differences existed between genders for any of the measurement instruments. Although incidence reports of intimate partner, nonlethal violence is consistently and appreciably higher for females, this study indicates that the severity and extent of the violence does not differ by gender, and neither do the associated quality of life indices. Intimate Partner Violence: A Model For Predicting Interventions By Informal Helpers West, Angelique and Wandrei, Mary L. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 9 September 2002 This study examined the expectations to help victims of intimate partner violence held by potential informal helpers such as friends and family. A total of 157 college students viewed one of two videotaped domestic violence scenarios, which varied on victim "provocation". The present study tested a specific model in which victim blame mediates the relationship between helper characteristics and the type of intervention helpers expect to use. The model accounted for 22% of the variance in general victim blame, 40% variance in blame toward the victim's specific behavior/characteristics, and 27% of variance in the expectation to use specific helpful intervention. Female participants demonstrated less general victim blame and provided more helpful interventions than males. Implications for educational programs and continuing education is discussed. Alphabetical by title Articles I Intimate Partner Violence, Acculturation, And Alcohol Consumption Among Hispanic Couples In The United States Caetano, Raul and Raspberry, Kelly Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 15, No. 1 January 2000 The purpose of this article is to report rates of intimate partner violence, acculturation, and alcohol consumption patterns among U.S. Hispanic couples. Intimate partner violence among medium acculturated individuals may be the result of the difficulties of negotiating between cultures without the support of a strong social network. Intimate Partner Violence Among Married Male U.S. Army Soldiers: Ethnicity As A Factor In Self-Reported Perpetration And Victimization Rosen, Leora N and Fancher, Peggy. Violence and Victims, Vol. 17, No. 5 October 2002 Correlates of self-reported partner violence (IPV) were examined among 488 married male U.S. Army soldiers. Study results were examined within a framework of Johnson's (1995) typology, which proposes that there are two main types of IPV, common couple violence and intimate terrorism. We predicted that poor marital adjustment would be associated with minor violence, hypothesized to be indicative of common couple violence. We also predicted that psychological and behavioral characterizes associated with perpetrators of IPV would be more strongly correlated with severe inflicted aggression- a pattern hypothesized to be indicative of intimate terrorism. The results, based on a multivariate analysis of covariance, generally supported by our hypotheses. Furthermore, the higher levels of IPV reported by Black respondents in this study were associated with the pattern hypothesized to be characteristic of common couple violence. Intimate Partner Violence In Spain: Findings From A National Survey Medina-Ariza, Juanjo and Barberet, Rosemary Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 3 March 2003 This article summarizes the findings from the first nationally representative survey on intimate partner violence conducted in Spain. Although feminist groups have been very active in the advocacy of solutions for this problem in Spain for the past two decades, it was not until 1997 that the problem received general attention from the public, after a particularly dramatic case of wife abuse shocked Spanish society. The article also raises questions about the measurement of violence against women and argues that it is crucial to incorporate questions about the subjective perception of the abuse. The findings show that sexual abuse in intimate relationships is as prevalent and serious as other forms of abuse. They also show that women suffering sexual abuse are less likely to define themselves as victims of abuse. The Intimate Partner Violence Strategies Index: Development And Application Goodman, Lisa and Cook, Sarah Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 2 February 2003 Although research has documented a myriad of ways that victims of IPV struggle to keep themselves safe, little research has gone the next step to investigate patterns in women's use of strategies, the factors that influence choice of strategies, or which strategies were most effective. One obstacle to conducting such research is the absence of an instrument to measure the nature and extent of battered women's strategic responses to violence across specific domains of strategies. This article describes the development of such an instrument, the Intimate Partner Violence Strategies Index, in the content of a longitudinal study of battered women's experience over time. Intimate Relationships Moderate The Association Between Childhood Sexual Abuse And Depression Whiffen, Valerie E and Aube, Jennifer A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 14, No. 9 September 1999 The authors examined adult attachment, intimacy, and partner physical abuse as potential mediators or moderators of the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and depression. Contrary to previous research, our results showed that being a survivor of CSA was not necessarily associated with higher levels of physical abuse or with lower levels of intimacy. Thus, the relationship variables did not mediate the association between CSA and depression. However, they did moderate this relationship. CSA survivors were both better protected from depression when they perceived their relationships to be of high quality and more vulnerable to depression when they did not than were nonsurvivors. Intimate Violence And Social Desirability: A Meta-Analytic Review Sugarman, David B and Hotaling, Gerald T Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 12, No. 2 April 1997 Using meta-analytic procedures, the relationship between self-reporting of involvement in marital and courtship violence, and level of socially desirable responding was investigated. Alphabetical by title Articles I Intimate Violence Perceptions: Young Adults' Judgments Of Abuse Escalating From Verbal Arguments Miller, Joann Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 16, No. 2 February 2001 A representative sample of 1, 182 students from a state university judged vignettes describing violent threats or acts perpetrated against a woman by a man. The violence varies in type, but in each case it followed an escalating verbal fight between a heterosexual couple who relationship varies from being near strangers to married. In addition, the injury sustained by the woman, the perpetrator’s prior history of intimate violence, and the research participant's background characteristics, including their own family violence histories, are examined. Judgments are analyzed to explain perceptions regarding violent acts and threats. Research hypotheses based on social learning theories and prior studies of intimate violence and abuse are examined. Into The Fire: Boards And Executive Transitions Allison, Michael Nonprofit Management & Leadership, Vol. 12, No. 4 Summer 2002 Managing the transition an organization undergoes when one chief executive leaves and another is hired is both a defining responsibility and one of the most critical jobs a governing board faces. CompassPoint Nonprofit Services, which consulted to twenty-eight organizations going through such transitions, found that three characteristic threats to successful transitions for nonprofit boards emerged: (1) boards underestimate the risks and costs of bad hires; (2) boards are typically unprepared for the task; and (3) boards too often focus on the problems in hiring new CEOs and fail to make full use of the opportunities in CEO transitions. This article describes the development of services to help organizations in transition, gives results from the first two years of work, and offers suggestions for support to boards and for future research. Intracranial Hemorrhage And Rebleeding In Suspected Victims Of Abusive Head Trauma : Addressing The Forensic Controversies Hymel, Kent P and Block, Robert W. Child Maltreatment, Vol. 7, No. 4 November 2002 Does an expanded subarachanoid space predispose to subdural bleeding? What does heterogeneity in the appearance of a subdural collection on CT and MRI imaging indicate? Spontaneous rebleeding? Minor re-injury? Major re-injury? In some specific cases, answers to these questions have important forensic implications. To conclude objectively that an infant's intracranial hemorrhage or re-bleeding resulted from inflicted injury or re-injury requires an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of posttraumatic subdural and subarachnoid collections. The authors present two cases of indoor, accidental, pediatric, closed-head trauma that resulted in intracranial rebleeding. Both accidental, the authors summarize the relevant medical literature regarding pediatric intracranial bleeding and rebleeding. Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse : Predictors Of Postdisclosure Maternal Belief And Protective Action Pintello, Denise and Zuravin, Susan Child Maltreatment, Vol. 6, No. 4 November 2001 The two purposes of this study were to determine the percentage of nonoffending, biological mothers who were concordant for belief and protection of their sexually abused children and to examine maternal, child, and situational characteristics that predict such concordance. Data were collected on a sample of 435 mothers. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were utilized to identify the proportion and the predictors of maternal belief and protective action. Findings indicated that mothers were more likely to believe and protect when they postponed the birth of their first child until reaching adulthood, when they were not a current sexual partner of the offender, when they did not have knowledge of the sexual abuse prior to the child's disclosure, and when the victim did not exhibit sexualized behavior. These findings have the potential to enhance the efficacy of child welfare interventions by underscoring the importance of maternal belief and protection. Further empirical study is recommended to investigate predictors of ambivalent maternal responses to her child's sexual victimization. Intrafamilial Sexual Abuse: What We Think We Know About Mothers, And Implications For Intervention Crawford, Sharon L. Binghamton Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 7, No. 3 1999 Clinical paradigms about the roles of mothers in families where intrafamilial sexual abuse has occurred have shaped professional interventions negatively. More recent empirical research suggests that these mothers are diverse, that explanations of their behavior are complex and multifaceted, and that their abilities to provide support for their abused children must be assessed before appropriate, effective interventions can be chosen. Alphabetical by title Articles level of discourse to the engagement of real scientific issues, a number of well known and respected researchers and clinicians, examine various facets of the problem. I Introducing The Nonprofit Program Classification System : The Taxonomy We've Been Waiting For Lampkin, Linda and Finnin, Emily Thousand Oaks, CA: Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 30, No.4 December 2001 The National Center for Charitable Statistics at the Urban Institute has developed a system to classify the programs, services, and activities of public charities, called the Nonprofit Program Classification (NPC) System. Designed to serve a wide range of potential users, the system has been used to code the activities of each organization, as reported in Part III-Program Service Accomplishments of its Form 990. Currently, codes from the National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE system are used to classify nonprofit organizations according to their organizational purpose. Frequently however, the questions that are asked by researchers, nonprofit organizations, and the public are focused on what an organization does rather than the type of organization. This article describes the development of the system and its strengths and limitations. Using both the NPC and NTEE systems, researchers will be able to develop a more complete portrait of nonprofit organizations and their activities. Introduction Brown, Eleanor and Burlingame, Dwight F. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 3 September 2001 An introduction to the article " Challenges in Survey Research and Their Implications for Philanthropic Studies Research". Introduction Exposing Misinformation Concerning Child Sexual Abuse And Adult Survivors Whitfield, Charles Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 9, No. 3/4 This article introduces a special volume on misinformation about child sexual abuse. Despite extensive research findings on the long-term effects and consequences of child sexual abuse, misinformation on this topic is widespread. Several forces have worked to support and disseminate this erroneous information. Because it is difficult to comprehend the horror of sexual crimes against children, society's denial and disbelief have often unwittingly supported the agendas of those who want to discount or minimize the impact of these crimes. The media has also contributed to the aura of skepticism surrounding the claims of sexual abuse and its mental health impact, and has reported favorably on controversial and unproven claims such as "false memory syndrome." In the hope of countering misinformation, and thus raising the Introduction: Perspectives On The Treatment Of Intimate Violence Dutton, Donald and Sonkin, Daniel J. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, Vol. 7, No. ½ 2003 The authors describe the rationale for a publication that explores new and innovative approaches to treating domestic violence perpetrators. A brief history is also presented on a perpetrator treatment, the feminist perspectives on treatment and how recent research findings suggest that perpetrators of domestic violence need more than education and attitude adjustment. Introduction To The Special Section On Adult Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 60, No. 2 April 1992 Sexual abuse researchers need to use more complex models of abuse and more sophisticated research designs for studying long-term effects and for evaluating treatment programs. The article that comprise this special section integrate the study of sexual abuse with perspectives on adult victimization, developmental psychopathology, and attachment theory and also offer specific methodological suggestions for improving research on long -term effects and therapy with the abuse survivor. Invaluable Free Guide For Establishing SANE/SART Programs Sexual Assault Report Vol. 3 No. 4 March/April 2000 This article explains how to start a SANE or SART program, and how to fund it. Nosek, Margaret A and Hughes, Rosemary B. The investigation of abuse and women with disabilities: going beyond assumptions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Violence Against Women, Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2001 This article delineates issues that should be considered by investigators endeavoring to conduct empirically sound research on abuse and women with disabilities. These issues include (a) incorporating in the research design variables that assess increased vulnerability; (b) using literature-based definitions that distinguish emotional, physical, sexual, and disability -related abuse; (c) using population-based sampling methodologies; (d) securing informed consent; (e) maintaining confidentiality; (f) installing safety measures to protect study participants and project staff from retaliation; (g) making special Alphabetical by title Articles strategy, abusers were more likely to blame external circumstances for their offending and have previous convictions for sexual offenders. I efforts to include women with disabilities from minority backgrounds; (h) using appropriate, validated, disability -sensitive screening instruments; (i) understanding the legal requirements for reporting abusive incidents; (j) implementing abuse studies in clinical settings; and (k) including formative and summative evaluations in outcome studies of abuse interventions. To increase the capacity of battered women's programs to serve women with disabilities, considerably more needs to be known about interventions that are most effective for this population. Investigating Suspected Elder Maltreatment Ramsey-Klawsnik, Holly Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 7, No. 1 1995 Thorough investigation of reported cases of elder maltreatment is necessary to determine the validity of the allegations and to identify victims to whom protective services should be offered. This papers discusses the process of a comprehensive investigation, including the goals and steps involved. Information which should be elicited from reporters, collaterals, and existing documents is identified. Guidelines are provided for interviewing suspected victims and offenders. Specialized diagnostic evaluations may aid in determining the validity of allegations and assessing the impact of maltreatment on the victim. Clear, detailed documentation of findings is necessary as if careful decision-making concerning whether or not to substantiate the allegations. Guidance is provided for completing these investigatory tasks. An Investigation Of The Ward And Hudson Pathways Model Of The Sexual Offense Process Bickley, James A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 4 April 2002 In all, 87 child abusers were classified as belonging to one of the four pathways groups identified by Ward and Hudson's self-regulation model of the sexual offense process. This model distinguishes between offenders who have approach or avoidant goals and between their use of active or passive strategies. Results demonstrated that the model reliability identified abusers. Approach, compared to avoidant, goal abusers reported significantly higher levels of cognitive distortions, emotional congruence, and distortions about the impact of the abuse of their victims. They were also generally found to be extrafamilial, or extrafamilial plus intrafamilial, offenders and to have boy or both sex victims. Avoidant goal abusers were generally found to be in a long-term relationship at the time of the offense, to have children, and to have offended against girls Passive, compared to active Investigation Of Attitude Change In A Rape Prevention Program Johansson-Love, Jill and Geer, James H. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 18, No. 1 January 2003 This study investigated the effect of previously held rape myth attitudes and the accessibility of those attitudes change produced by a videotape previously used in successful rape prevention programs. Participants were 151 volunteering undergraduate males at a large southern university. Analyses revealed that participants were consistent in their responding over time. These findings argued that the date were reliable. Consistent with previous research, it was found that a commercially available videotape designed to reduce rape myths was effective. Rape myth attitudes were lower at both the immediate and the subsequent (2 weeks) assessments. The variables of Attitude Accessibility and previously held Rape Myth Attitude Levels were hypothesized to be related to both attitude change and memory for the material designed to change attitudes. However, although rape myth attitudes were lowered, the effect was unrelated to previously held Rape Myth Attitude Level or Attitude Accessibility. An Investigation Of Base Rates Of Anti-Gay Hate Crimes Using The Unmatched-Count Technique Rayburn, Nadine Recker and Davison, Gerald C. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2003 This study uses the unmatched-count technique (UCT) to estimate base rates for anti-gay hate crime perpetration in college students and compares the results with estimates found using conventional methods. The UCT does not require the participant to directly answer sensitive questions, which may provide more accurate responses than other methods. The UCT revealed higher estimates for having gotten into a physical fight with a person because he was gay and having damaged someone's property because he was gay. These higher estimates provide a better feel for the level of these problematic behaviors and point to the need to target college campuses for interventions that foster a climate of zero tolerance for hate crimes. Investigative Experience And Accuracy In Psychological Profiling Of A Violent Crime Kocsis, Richard N and Irwin, Harvey J. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 8 August 2002 Although psychological profiling has achieved wide acceptance in law enforcement Alphabetical by title Articles I investigations, there has been little empirical research into the skills required for profiling. One attribute that is frequently cited as quintessential for effective profiling is experience in police investigations. In a study similar in design to Kocsis, Irwin, Hayes, and Nunn, this study examined the importance of profiling of investigative experience by testing groups of homicide detectives, senior police detectives, trainee detectives, police recruits, and trainee chemistry students. The chemistry students tended to produce the most accurate profiles of the perpetrators in a closed homicide case. Of all the groups the chemistry students most consistently outperformed a control group given no information about the case when constructing a profile of the offender. There was also some evidence of an inverse relationship between investigative experience and profile accuracy. Invoking The Spiritual In Campus Life And Leadership Rogers, Judy L and Dantley, Michael E. Journal of College Student Development, Vol. 42, No. 6 November/December 2001 The quest for spiritual fulfillment is manifesting itself in every sector of US society and, in particular, has begun to reshape organizational life (Briskin, 1998;Zohar, 1997). What are the implications of the spirituality in the workplace movement for leadership and campus life in colleges and universities? The authors describe how student affairs leadership, informed by spiritual intelligence, can create campus environments that support and enhance the sense of wholeness, connection, and community for students, faculty, and staff. Involvement In High-Profile Child Sexual Abuse Controversies : Costs And Benefits Mildred, Jane Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 13, No. 1 2004 The costs and benefits associated with participation in conflicts around child sexual abuse are explored. Using qualitative data from interviews with 40 high-profile participants, findings suggest that professionals experience both positive and negative consequences as a result of their involvement. Costs identified include attacks and misrepresentations, harm to health or emotional well-being, and career losses or changes. Ironic Discourse: Evasive Masculinity In Men's Lifestyle Magazines Benwell, Bethan Men and Masculinities, Vol. 7, No. 1 July 2004 This article takes as its textual focus the U.K. men's lifestyle magazine and explores the notion that irony is strategically employed in the partial constitution (and evasion) of a specific masculine identity. Irresponsible Testimony By Medical Experts In Cases Involving The Physical Abuse And Neglect Of Children Chadwick, David L and Krous, Henry F Child Maltreatment, Vol. 2, No. 4 November 1997 Criteria to qualify as an expert witness in child abuse and neglect are proposed, and physicians, lawyers, and their respective professional licensing boards and societies are urged to develop a process by which such testimony is exposed, peer reviewed, and used in credentialing. Is A Little (Psychiatric) Knowledge A Dangerous Thing? Nash, Heather C and Chrisler, Joan C. Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 1 June 1997 One hundred thirty-four participants completed a revised Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ), which included criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Two weeks later the participants again completed the revised MDQ after reading either Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnostic criteria for the PMDD or a copy of the same criteria retitled "Episodic Dysphoric Disorder", with all menstrual cycle references removed. Knowledge of the diagnosis did not affect perceptions of their own menstrual cycle -related symptoms, but it increased participant’s perceptions of premenstrual changes as a problem for women in general. Chi-square analyses revealed that participants were more willing to attach a psychiatric diagnosis to women they know if they believed the diagnosis was related to the menstrual cycle. Is Disclosure Of Childhood Rape Associated With Mental Health Outcome? : Results From The National Women's Study Ruggiero, Kenneth J and Kilpatrick, Dean G. Child Maltreatment, Vol. 9, No. 1 February 2004 Clinicians often assert that disclosure of childhood rape is beneficial to victim's because it sets the occasion for protective action and can bring them into contact with professionals trained to address rape-related mental health needs. Consistent with this is the hypothesis that victims of childhood rape who disclose their victimization soon after it occurs are at lower risk for later psychological difficulties relative to those who delay disclosure it never disclose. We explored Alphabetical by title Articles I this issue with a nationally representative sample of 3,220 adult women; 288 (8.9%) endorsed at least one instance of forcible sexual penetration prior to age 18. Results revealed significantly higher past-year prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive episodes among women who waited longer than 1 month to disclose their rape relative to nondisclosures and women who disclosed within 1 month of the rape. Delayed disclosure remained associated with PTSD after controlling for demographic and rape characteristics. Patterns of disclosure were not associated with past-year substance-use problems. Is Domestic Violence Relevant? : An Exploratory Analysis Of Couples Referred For Mediation In Family Court Tishler, Carl L and Camilleri, Joseph A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 19, No. 9, September 2004 The acturial Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) was developed for male offenders where it has shown excellent replicability in many new forensic samples using officially recorded outcomes. The authors of this article modified the VRAG to permit evaluation using data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study that included nonforensic male and female patients and primarily self-reported violence. Is Sexual Abuse Of Children With Disabilities Disclosed? : A Retrospective Analysis Of Child Disability And The Likelihood Of Sexual Abuse Among Those Attending Norwegian Hospitals Kvan, Marit Hoem Child Abuse and Neglect, Vol. 24, No. 8 August 2000 According to North American studies, disabled children are at 2-3 times greater risk of being sexually abused than non-disabled. If the risk ratio for disabled children in Norway is similar, and the disclosure of sexual abuse is the same for disabled as for non-disabled, one should expect disabled children to constitute 2-3 times the 11% they constitute in the general population. This research is aimed to investigate if this is the case for Norwegian children and to find characteristics within the handicapped group suspected of being sexually assaulted. A questionnaire was addressed to all Norwegian pediatric hospitals. Of interest were numbers of children having a medical examination for possible sexual assault in the years 1994-1996, the number with a smaller or less severe disability a description of the disability, age and gender and the conclusion of the examination as to the likelihood of sexual abuse. The severely disabled children constituted only 1.7% of the examined 1293 children. Altogether, 6.4% of the children had a smaller or severe disability. These children were more often assessed as "probably assaulted" than the non-disabled. The disabled group had a larger part of boys than the nondisabled group. Children with disabilities make up a smaller part of children coming into pediatric hospitals with the suspicion of being sexually abused than expected. The results indicate that when a child has a severe disability, the caretakers do not seem to recognize it as sexual abuse before it is quite obvious. Is Balancing Family And Work A Sustainable Metaphor? Bacigalupe, Gonzalo Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, Vol. 13, No. 2/3 2001 Using personal, clinical and research experiences, the author explores various challenges families and therapists face in the information society and how new dominant metaphors about personhood and family have the potential of entrapping families and individuals. The author reflects on how to frame therapeutic work with couples and families as they attempt to navigate through a new economic order and its predominant discourses in post industrialized societies such as the United States. As a political activist in South American and later, a clinically minded systems clinician, the author's awareness of social ecologies as framing our experiences and agency informs these reflections. This article developed out of an earlier presentation at a meeting of the Council on Contemporary Families Annual Meeting in 1999 and was formulated as a response to the question: What works for Families? Is Domestic Violence Learned? : The Contribution Of Five Forms Of Child Maltreatment To Men's Violence And Adjustment Bevan, Emma and Higgins, Daryl J Journal of Family Violence, Vol. 17, No. 3 September 2002 On the basis of a learning-theory approach to the intergenerational transmission of violence, researchers have focused almost exclusively on violence men's childhood experiences of physical abuse and witnessing family violence. Little consideration has been given to the coexistence of other forms of child maltreatment or the role of family dysfunction in contributing to violence. This study shows the relationships between the level of child maltreatment (physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, sexual abuse, neglect and witnessing family violence), childhood family characteristics, current alcohol abuse, trauma symptomatology, and the level of physical and psychological spouse abuse perpetrated by 36 men with a history of perpetrating domestic violence who had Alphabetical by title Articles I attempted counseling. As hypothesized, a high degree of overlap between risk factors was found. Child maltreatment, low family cohesion and adaptability and alcohol abuse was significantly associated with frequency of physical spouse abuse and trauma symptomatology scores, but not psychological abuse. Witnessing family violence (but not physical abuse) was found to have a unique association with psychological spouse abuse and trauma symptomatology. These results present a challenge to the understanding of domestic violence obtained from learning theory. Is Sexual Erotica Associated With Sexual Deviance In Adolescent Males? Becker, Judith and Stein, Robert M. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, Vol. 14 No. 1-2 1991 The purpose of this study was to investigate: a) the number of adolescent sexual offenders who use sexual erotica, b) the types of sexually explicit material most often used, and c) the relationship between specific factors including use of erotica, use of alcohol and/or drugs, history of victimization, and the number of victims per offender. Is Sexual Orientation A Matter Of Choice? Rosenbluth, Susan Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 4 December 1997 Ninety women in lesbian and heterosexual couples were compared on relationship values, views of same-gender and cross-gender intimate relationships, and perceived choice of sexual orientation. Both groups reported similar values, levels of self-esteem, and capacity for intimacy. The majority in both groups described their relationships with women as more emotionally and intellectually intimate than those with men. A majority of women in lesbian couples (58%) and a third of women in heterosexual couples reported choosing the orientation of their current sexual relationship. Women with male partners did not perceive major differences between heterosexual and homosexual relationships, citing sexual attraction as the primary reason they chose a male partner. In contrast, many women with female partners characterized lesbian relationships as more intimate and equal, and less gender-role stereotyped. frequently citing these characteristics, along with sexual attraction, as reasons for their relationship. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 28, No. 8, August 2004 Studies show that childhood sexual and physical abuse predict repeated suicide attempts and self-mutilation. Little is known about the importance of sexual and physical abuse when compared to other severe childhood adversities with respect to chronic suicidal behavior. Issues Concerning The Reliability And Validity Of The Diagnosis Of Sexual Sadism Applied In Prison Settings Marshall, W. L and Yates, Pamela Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, Vol. 14, No. 4 October 2002 This study examined the diagnosis of sexual sadism for 51 incarcerated sexual offenders. Issues, Incidence, And Treatment Of Sexual Offenders In Germany Pfafflin, Friedemann Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 14, No. 4 April 1999 This article touches on the following topics: the law and law reforms, incidence of sexual offenses, national survey studies, treatment, and a recently started research project on psychotherapy process research at the Department of Psychotherapy at Ulm University. Issues Inherent In The Multicultural Feminist Couple Treatment Of African-American, Same-Gender Loving Female Adult Survivors Of Child Sexual Abuse Parks, Carlton W and Woodson, Kamilah M. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2001 This manuscript focuses on four potential stumbling blocks in the multicultural feminist couple treatment of African-American, samegender loving female adult child sexual abuse survivors: (1) gender roles; (2) "coming out" to self, family, and the community; (3) lesbian couple relationships; and (4) the expression of lesbian sexuality. These four potential barriers to therapeutic outcome within the context of multicultural feminist couple treatment needs to be systematically addressed during the provision of culturally-informed clinical services to African American, same gender loving female adult child sexual abuse survivors. The nature and impact of feminism on the family, as an institution, served as the framework for this discussion. Issues In The Treatment Of Sexual Offenders Recent Developments And Directions For Future Research Abracen, Jeffrey and Looman, Jan Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 9, No. 3 Is There A Specific Relationship Between Childhood Sexual And Physical Abuse And Repeated Suicidal Behavior? Ystgaard, Mette and Mehlum, Lars Alphabetical by title May-June 2004 Research related to the treatment of sexual offenders is reviewed. Articles I Issues Related To Defining And Measuring Violence Against Women : Response To Kilpatrick Saltzman, Linda E. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 19, No. 11 November 2004 This paper asserst that although there is considerable agreement in the U.S. and internationally about the importance of uniform terminology and measurement related to violenece against women, we need a strategy for choosing standardized definitions and measures. "It's Different For Men”: Masculinity And IVF Throsby, Karen and Gill, Rosalind Men and Masculinities, Vol. 330-348 April 2004 Drawing on interview data with men who have engaged with in vitro fertilization (IVF) unsuccessfully, this article explores the ways in which men experience and make sense of the failure of treatment. It Hurts To Be A Girl: Growing Up Poor, White, And Female Hall, Julia Gender & Society, Vol. 14, No. 5, October 2000 In this article, the author asserts that a group of poor white middle school young women in the post industrial urban Northeast are living among high concentrations of domestic violence. Many of these females are constructing futures characterized by jobs and self-sufficiency. As their narrations indicate, such plans are fueled by the hope that by living independent lives as single career women, they will bypass the domestic violence that currently rips through their own mother's lives. By not critically exploring the issue of violence against women in classrooms, the author argues that schools become implicated in the silencing and "normalizing" of abuse. This analysis is one piece of a large-scale ethnographic study in which the production of identities among poor white urban girls and boys is explored. It's My Decision, Isn't It? : A Research Note On Battered Women's Perceptions Of Mandatory Intervention Laws Smith, Alisa Violence Against Women, Vol. 6, No. 12 December 2000 This article reports the views of battered women on mandatory arrest laws, no-drop policies, and mandatory medical reporting for doctors and nurses. It's Only "Who You Know" That Matters: Gender, Personal Contacts, And Job Lead Quality Huffman, Matt L and Torres, Lisa Gender & Society, Vol. 16, No. 6 December 2002 Previous research has shown that personal contacts are powerful intermediaries in transmitting job lead information for both job seekers and employers and therefore could contribute to various forms of gender inequality by, for example, providing higher-quality jobs leads to men than to women. The authors use a unique data set that includes information on the quality and source of individual job leads to explore whether the overall quality of job lead information depends solely on various attributes of recipients' contacts or whether job lead quality is also conditional on gender. These data are based on a diverse sample of professional, technical and managerial workers in California. Findings include that the overall quality of the respondent's job leads is a product of their gender and that of the person providing the lead. In addition, net of a variety of factors, women and men with young children at home receive significantly lower -quality job leads. Alphabetical by title Articles J Jane Tennison And The Feminist Police Procedural Cavender, Gray and Jurik, Nancy C. Violence Against Women, Vol. 4, No. 1 February 1998 This article presents an analysis of Prime Suspect, a public television film about detective chief inspector Jane Tennison. The authors focus on the film's images of gender, work, and justice and reveal several progressive feminist tendencies. Jealousy And Romantic Attachment In Maritally Violent And Nonviolent Men Barnett, Ola W and Bluestein, Brendon W. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 10, No. 4 December 1995 This study investigated whether maritally violent males are more jealous than maritally nonviolent males. Results indicated that although jealousy seems not to be the primary precipitant of battering, it may interact with other variables such as emotional dependence to increase the likelihood of marital abuse. Joint Consequences Of Parental Alcoholism And Childhood Sexual Abuse, And Their Partial Mediation By Family Environment Yama, Mark F and Teegarden, Lisa A. Violence and Victims, Vol. 7, No. 4 Winter 1992 This study investigated the effects of childhood sexual abuse and parental alcoholism in a sample of university women. The Joint Contribution Of Experiencing And Witnessing Violence During Childhood On Child Abuse In The Parent Role Cunningham, Susan M. Violence and Victims, Vol. 18, No. 6 December 2003 This article examines adult respondents' abuse of children as a consequence of their own childhood experiences of abuse, both direct experience of childhood violence (hitting) and exposure to interparental violence (witnessing). Joking Violence Among Highly Committed Individuals Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 6, June 2002 Adopting a cognitive consistency framework, this study explores whether targets of physical violence reinterpret violent behaviors to be relatively benign. It was suggested that relationship commitment figures prominently in reinterpreting violence. Fifty-four participants who indicated on a measure of partner violence that their current relationship partner had engaged in at least one act of violence during a conflict also completed on almost identical measure that assessed the same act of physical violence in a different context: when playing or joking around with a partner. Participants also completed a measure of relationship commitment. Consistent with a conflict reported severely violent behaviors as compromising mere instances of "joking around.". Judged Effectiveness Of Common Rape Prevention And Self-Defense Strategies Furby, Lita and Morgan, Marcia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 4, No. 1 March 1989 This study examined effectiveness judgments on prevention and self-defense strategies for reducing the risk of rape, using an explicit quantitative scale for expressing effectiveness. Juror And Expert Conceptions Of Battered Women Dodge, Mary and Greene, Edith. Violence and Victims, Vol. 6, No. 4 Winter 1991 The admissibility of expert testimony at the trial of a battered woman defendant is controversial. This study focuses on two criteria judges use to determine admissibility and attempts to provide a foundation that can assist their decisions. Juror Attitudes And Behavior: The DecisionMaking Process In The Crime Of Rape And The Consent Defense Koski, Douglas D. Sex Offender Law Report, Vol. 3, No. 4 June/July 2002 This 2nd part in a multi-part series reviews the literature on the psychology of jurors in the decision making process, explores the factors affecting juror attitudes and the role of juror attitudes and the role of juror attitudes in reaching verdicts. Jury Awards Family $3.4 Million In Kmart Abduction Burgess, Ann W and Minor, Paul S. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1, No. 1 September/October 1997 This article looks at the case of W Family vs. Kmart Corp. In October 18, 1992, a 31-year-old woman and her 12-year-old daughter were abducted at knifepoint from a Kmart department store in Jackson, Mississippi. The wife was raped. Eventually a federal jury awarded the family $3.4 million for lack of security at the store and the trauma that the mother and daughter had to face during the kidnapping ordeal. Just The Facts: The Business Of Pornography Coalition Commentary Summer 1998 This article looks at the revenue that comes from hard-core videos, peep shows, live sex acts, Alphabetical by title Articles J adult cable programming, sexual vices, computer porn and sex magazines. Includes terrific statistics. Justice Department Issues Proposed Campus Sex Offender Guidelines Rules Lowrey, John Wesley Campus Safety & Student Development, Vol. 3, No. 6, July/August 2002 Discusses Section 1601 of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, the Campus Sex Crimes Prevention Act. This act requires all states to begin collecting information from sexually violent offenders, including information regarding whether they are employed, carry on a vocation, or are at an institution of higher education and any charges regarding their employment status. Justice For Jonbenet, A Victim Of Sexual Assault And Murder Murphy, Wendy. Sexual Assault Report Vol. 3 No. 3 January/February 2000 This article looks at the controversial case of the sexual assault and murder of JonBenet Ramsey, a beauty child star. The article examines how this case came under scrutiny, due the police mishap on evidence gathering John & Pasty Ramsey's refusal to work with local police department and the public judgment. A big part of the article focuses on the sexual assault of JonBenet. New medical evidence shows that she was a victim of sexual abuse over a period of a long time. Justice In The Domestic Relations Division Of Philadelphia Family Court: A Report To The Community Tracy, Carol and Miller, Dabney Domestic Violence Report, Vol. 8, No. 6 August/September 2003 A study of how family law courts deal with cases involving domestic violence. Justifiability, Sympathy Level, And Internal/External Locus Of The Reasons Battered Women Remain In Abusive Relationships Follingstad, Diane R. Victims and Violence, Vol. 16. No. 6 December 2001 Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) anxiety, and depression are acknowledged consequences of domestic violence, little information is available on the course of recovery over time and factors that may mediate positive outcomes. Fifty-nine women were assessed for the presence of PTSD and levels of anxiety and depression at time of shelter residence and again one year later. Results at a follow-up indicated a significant reduction in the incidence of PTSD, although a substantial number of women continued to report a range of posttrama symptoms. There were also significant reductions in the levels of anxiety and depression over the 12-month period. Findings indicated the particular importance of safety and the presence of social support as prerequisites for recovery. Juvenile Justice And Mental Health: Youth And Families In The Middle Mackinnon-Lewis, Carol and Frabutt, James M. Aggression and Violence Behavior, Vol. 7, No. 4 July-August 2002 Addressing the mental health needs of youth in the juvenile justice system is a key imperative for all stakeholders interested in preventing and reducing juvenile delinquency. Despite the substantially higher rates of mental health disorders among these youth, services and approaches are fraught with barriers including inadequate assessment, fragmentation, and deficit-based intervention. Comprehensive, system-level reform is necessary to better address the needs of youth with mental disorders entering the juvenile justice system. Using a public health approach to youth violence as an overarching framework, the need for a community-based, family-centered, strengthbased system of care philosophy is outlined. Juvenile Male Rape Victims: Is The Level Of Post-Traumatic Stress Related To Personality And Parenting? Ruchkin, Vladislav V. Child Abuse and Neglect, Vol. 22, No. 9 1998 The purpose of this study was to assess the level of post-traumatic stress in juvenile male rape victims and to test for its relationship with perceived parental rearing and personality dimensions Juvenile Male Sexual Offenders: The Quality Of Motivation System Of Assessment And Treatment Issues LeGrand, Scott and Martin, R. Chris Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2001 A group of juvenile male sexual offenders (n=100) completed the Quality of Motivation Questionnaire (QMQ) upon entry into a residential treatment facility. The concepts of Quality of Motivation (QM) Theory are presented to explain the QMQ scores. The scores include Disclosure Level, Sources of Motivation, Skills, Life Style Characteristics and Power. The results indicate abnormal motivation scores in the area of Disclosure Resistance, Depression, Primary and Learned Sources of Motivation, and all of the Maladaptive Skills Scores. Recommendations of treatment issues for therapists are prioritized according to QM Theory and presented in a Alphabetical by title Articles J treatment plan format called the Personal Development Plan (PDP). Implications for further research with the QMQ include outcome measurement of changes and comparison with non-offender groups. Juvenile Sex Offenders In Diversion Campbell, Justin S and Lerew, Cherise Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, Vol. 14, No. 1 January 2002 This study was designed to address the treatment of juvenile sex offenders within diversion programs. Using data from 32 diversion programs in Colorado during the 1998-1999 fiscal year, the study observed the demographic and legal characteristics of 112 juvenile (Mean age = 16.64) sex offenders referred to diversion programs for seven types of sexual assault, incest, and indecent exposure charges. Descriptions of services offered to juveniles and their in-program outcome were also observed. Data support previous contentions in the literature that diversion is an option for adjudicated juvenile sex offenders as well as diversions traditional onadjudicated population. However, the assumption that only nonserious juvenile sex offenders are referred to diversion was challenged by the data observed in this study. Juvenile's Motivations For Remaining In Prostitution Hawng, Shu-Ling and Bedford, Olwen Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2 June 2004 This article examines the qualitative data from indepth interviews collected in 1990-1991, 1992, and 2000 with 49 prostituted juveniles remanded to two rehabilitation centers in Taiwan. Alphabetical by title Articles K Kick Grandma Out Of Her Apartment? Sundram, Clarence J. Victimization of the Elderly and Disabled, Vol. 5, No. 3 September/October 2002 This article discusses the eviction of the elderly from their leased properties for having a family or household member who uses drugs. Kidnapping And Selling Women And Children: The State's Construction And Response Biddulph, Sarah and Cook, Sandy Violence Against Women, Vol. 5, No. 12 December 1999 The rate of kidnapping and selling of women in China has increased to such an extent that the state has been prompted to conduct a series of campaigns in an attempt to eliminate it. This article identifies the ways in which development of the legal regulatory framework has been shaped by official perceptions about the causes of the problem and the methods that may be best adopted to deal with it. It examines some of the main problems of enforcement, structural and practical. The article argues that, although the moral opprobrium directed against kidnappers is clear, there is a degree of ambivalence about the extent of the wrongdoing of other actors who purchase a woman, fail to rescue her, or actively prevent her rescue. Kids In Court: State Legislation Needed To Help Child Witnesses Howell, Jay C. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1 No. 4 March/April 1998 Professionals who regularly work with child victims and witnesses appreciate the difficulty that children face when they are interviewed and questioned at various stages of criminal investigation and prosecution. This article focuses on how important is to understand the communication skills of children. King Kong And The White Woman: Hustler Magazine And The Demonization Of Black Masculinity Dines, Gail Violence Against Women, Vol. 4, No. 3 June 1998 The demonization by the media of Black men as rapists and murderers has been well documented by scholars. This article will examine how Hustler draws from past regimes of racial representation and articulates a more contemporary myth of Black masculinity. Kirkholt Burglary Prevention Project Seymour, Anne Crime Victims Report, Vol. 5, No. 1 March/April 2001 Discusses the Kirkholt Burglary Prevention Project. The Project was a demonstration project of the London Home Office Police Department Crime Prevention Unit. It focused on a neighborhood of 2,280 dwellings that had experienced nearly twice the rate of domestic burglaries as identified by the National British Crime Survey. Knowing Men: Straight Men And Sexual Certainty King, Neal Gender & Society, Vol. 17, No. 6 December 2003 This article analyzes data available in published studies of rapists' self -reports and argues that according to their own accounts, many men developed inaccurate impressions of women's desires through a confident role-taking. While rapists' inaccuracies have been previously described as instances of "miscommunication" or lapsed role-taking, they do not always indicate lack of emotional or intellectual depth to roletaking. The article adds to the profeminist, symbolic interactionist literature on role-taking by arguing that relations of disavowed male-male desire and the exchange of women make the possibility of men's sensitive knowledge of women's sexual desires problematic. Some of these forms of knowledge are outlines, and an approach to rape prevention is briefly suggested. Knowing Pornography Jensen, Robert Violence Against Women, Vol. 2, No. 1 March 1996 This essay draws on the author's personal experience with pornography to explore how sexually explicit material helps construct men's sexuality in contemporary U.S. culture. Knowledge About Heterosexual Versus Lesbian Battering Among Lesbians McLaughlin, Erin M and Rozee, Patricia D. Women & Therapy, Vol. 23, No. 3 2001 There is growing evidence to suggest that abuse in lesbian relationships does exist and may occur on a greater scale than most people are ware of. This paper will define battering in lesbian relationships, its prevalence and charcateristics, critique the ability of traditional feminist models to explain lesbian battering, and address the consequent lack of community response to battered lesbians. We will also present results of a studt indicating that the silence about lesbian battering among both feminist theorists and activists and the gay/lesbian community has contributed to invisibility of lesbian battering, and this lesbians' own loack of knowledge about lesbian battering. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the lesbian Alphabetical by title Articles K community is more familiar with phenomena associated with domestic violence in heterosexual relationships than with violence in intimate lesbian relatuonships. Community and clinical implications of the findings are dicsussed. Korean "Comfort Women”: The Intersection Of Colonial Power, Gender, And Class Min, Pyong Gap Gender & Society, Vol. 17, No. 6 December 2003 During the Asian and Pacific War (1937-45), the Japanese government mobilized approximately 200,000 Asian women to military brothels to sexually serve Japanese soldiers. The majority of these victims were unmarried young women from Korea, Japan's colony at the time. In the early 1990s, Korean feminist leaders helped more than 200 Korean survivors of Japanese military sexual slavery to come forward to tell the truth, which has further accelerated the redress movement for the women. One major issue in the redress movement and research relating to the so-called "comfort women" issue is whether Japan's colonization of Korea or gender hierarchy was a more fundamental cause of the Korean women's suffering. Using an intersectional perspective, this article analyzes how colonial power, gender hierarchy, and class were inseparably tied together to make the victims' lives miserable. By doing so, it shows that a one-sided emphasis on colonization or gender hierarchy will misrepresent the feminist political issue and misinterpret the feminist political issue and misinterpret the "comfort women's" experiences. Alphabetical by title Articles L Landlords' Liability For Sexual Assaults On Tenants Perry, Anne L and Zorza, Joan. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 2, No. 1 September/October 1998 When a victim is raped in an apartment or at work, suing the landlord or management company may provide a means whereby the victim can be compensate for the injuries sustained. However, recovery against a landlord will depend on the circumstances. This article presents cases from four states exploring the liability of landlords and management companies when someone is raped on their premises. Language Brokering And The Acculturation Of Latino Children Weisskirch, Robert S and Alva, Sylvia Alatorre Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 3 August 2002 Children of immigrant parents frequently language broker, translating written forms and documents for their parents and other adults in various situations. Using a paper-and-pencil survey, 36 bilingual Latino 5th graders reported their experiences and levels of comfort in language brokering, levels of acculturation, feelings of acculturation stress, and self concepts. Those who were least acculturated reported higher frequencies of language brokering and discomfort in doing so. Boys were more English dominant than girls and reported higher levels of acculturation stress. High levels of acculturation stress were associated with increased social acceptance by peers. Because the previous research with college students was retrospective, this study may demonstrate that the benefits of language brokering may be an age-graded phenomenon. A Large Sample Empirical Typology Of Male Spouse Abusers And Its Relationship To Dimensions Of Abuse Hamberger, L. Kevin and Tolin, David F. Violence and Victims, Vol. 11, No. 4 Winter 1996 This study, using data from identified abusive men, tested a theoretical model for predicting violence severity and generality from personality "type." Law Enforcement Officers' Perceptions Of Same Sex Domestic Violence: Reason For Cautious Optimism Younglove, Jane A and Vitello, Corey J. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 7, July 2002 In 1994, California amended its domestic violence legislation to include same sex couples. It is commonly believed within the gay community that homophobia induces law enforcement officers to respond differently to incidents of domestic violence involving same sex couples than to incidents involving opposite sex couples. However, the dearth of empirical research has precluded assessing the validity of this assumption, especially since the legal mandate has changed. This study addressed whether the assumption of homophobia among police officers is supported through a survey designed to ascertain perceptions about same sex domestic violence based on sexual orientation of the involved couple. To the extent that expressed perception reflects acknowledging a need to comply with the legal mandate, there is reason to be hopeful that homophobia need not deter appropriate law enforcement response to the problem of domestic violence among same sex couples. Law Review Articles On Evidentiary Issues Lemon, Nancy K. D. Domestic Violence Report, Vol. 8, No. 6 August/September 2003 A review of articles discussing evidentiary issues in domestic violence cases. The articles offer different points of view, raise practical points, and policy concerns for attorneys, judges and legislators. Law Review Articles On Lesbian And Gay Domestic Violence Lemon, Nancy K.D. Domestic Violence Report, Vol.7, No. 6 August/September 2002 This article reviews "Same Sex Domestic Violence: Claiming a Domestic Sphere While Risking Negative Stereotypes" and "Trouble in Paradise: Barriers to Addressing Domestic Violence in Lesbian relationships". Lay Persons' Versus Psychologists' Judgments Of Psychologically Aggressive Actions By A Husband And Wife. Follingstad, Diane R and White, Jeffrey D. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 19, No. 8 August 2004 To add to the normative information in the field of psychological abuse and to determine whether the differences previously found between mental health professionals and lay persons extend to this field, a sample from each group rated psychologically aggressive items by a husband toward his wife. Lay Therapy Intervention With Families At Risk For Parenting Difficulties: The Kempe Community Caring Program Gray, Jane and McClatchey, Maureen. Child Abuse & Neglect May 2001 The object of the article is to determine which areas of family functioning lay therapy Alphabetical by title Articles L intervention can improve in a home visitation program for first time mothers at a high risk for parenting difficulties, including the potential for child abuse and neglect. The authors claim that significant improvement occurred in four of eight categories on the Scale of Family Functioning indicating that home intervention programs can improve some categories of family functioning. Leadership In Collaborative Community Health Partnerships Alexander. Jeffrey A and Bogue, Richard. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, Vol. 12, No. 2 Winter 2001 This article examines key in community health partnerships. We assert that leadership in a partnership is differentiated from that in a traditional, hierarchical organization in that participation is voluntary and egalitarian and often entails cooperation by organizations with different cultures and agendas. partnership leaders, accordingly, often lack formal control over members and their actions. Using qualitative analysis of 115 site-visit interviews of participants four partnerships in the Community Care Networks demonstration program, we identify and discuss five themes of collaborative leadership: systems thinking, vision-based leadership, collaborative leadership, power sharing, and process-based leadership. We then discuss the multiple challenges that collaborative leadership faces in a community health partnership. Learning And Memory In Rape Victims With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Jenkins, Melissa A and Cohen, Ronald. American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 155, No. 2 February 1998 Studies have shown memory deficits among combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, high rates of comorbid conditions, including alcoholism, make it difficult to definitively associate these findings with the PTSD diagnosis. In this study the authors examined memory functioning among rape survivors without alcoholism or substance abuse but with PTSD. The authors conclude that recall deficits in noncombat PTSD patients strengthen the theory that memory deficits are associated with the PTSD diagnosis. Learning In A Man's World Examining The Perceptions Of Undergraduate Women In Male-Dominated Academic Areas Steele, Jennifer Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 1 March 2002 This study examined the perceptions of undergraduate women in male-dominated academic areas. First-year and final year undergraduates in a male-dominated academic area (i.e., math, science, or engineering) reported higher levels of discrimination and stereotype threat than women in a female-dominated academic area (i.e., arts, education, humanities, or social science), and men in either a male- or female-dominated academic area. Moreover, women in a male-dominated academic are were most likely to report thinking about changing their major. These findings suggest that female college students majoring in math, science and engineering continue to perceive additional gender-based obstacles in their field. Leaving The "Professional Home" : Women In Mental Health Professions Kessel. Lousie and Av-ron, Suzanna Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, Vol. 13, No. 1 2001 This paper explores the "leaving home" process that professional women experience upon leaving mental health organizations. It examines some of the parallel processes of individual growth and organizationa; development in the mental health systems and analyzes the transitions that are normative in professional life. It assumes that the process is for women will differ from that of men and it relates to some of the ways that socialization reinforces women's dependency needs. It discusses how these needs are complementary with the nature of the helping professionals. The paper identifies some contributing factors that determine whether leavetaking will be better "health", with normative manifestations of if sadness and loss, or regressive and no-ego-enhancing, accompanied by anger and rejection. It illustrates some of the issues that arise in vignettes, describing the leave-taking process for two professional women. Legal And Ethical Issues In The CourtMandated Treatment Of Batterers Leisring, Penny A. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, Vol. 7, No. ½ 2003 In the following article, we will explore the nature of the therapeutic relationship as it relates to batterers' treatment programs. We will consider the impact of obligations created by forces outside the relationship, such as those imposed by legal proceedings. We will discuss the concepts of confidentiality, privilege, and agency and their impact on the therapeutic relationship and the extent to which the therapist's understanding of the role of these concepts play may be altered by court orders that impose treatment on a client/patient. Finally, we examine the issues and choices a therapist must make when engaging in a court-ordered treatment of batterers, and the implication of those choices for Alphabetical by title Articles L both the therapist and client; we will also suggest guidelines to help therapists sort through the often conflicting goals of therapy and the legal process. Legal And Social Issues Surrounding ClosedCircuit Television Testimony Of Child Victims And Witnesses Bennett, Katherine J. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, Vol. 8, No. 3 2003 This article discusses the use of Closed Circuit Television for child victims and witnesses. Legal & Legistrative Update Dallam, Stephanie Family Violence & Sexual Assault Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 1 Sppring 2002 Discusses several court cases from around the country. This issue includes: U.S. judge rejects classaction lawsuit on behalf of foster children in Florida, Supreme Court Opens Child Protection Hearings Statewide, Unsupported Expert Testimony Inadmissible, Supreme Court Narrows Reach of Disability Law, Nurses' Testimony Limited in Rape Cases, Teen Files State Bar Complaint Against Court Appointed Lawyer, Mother Who Hid Her Girls Guilty of Kidnapping, and Court Sets Limits for Sex Offenders. Legal Developments: Part II: Victimization The Second Amendment, And Gun Regulation Myers, Roslyn K. Crime Victims Report, Vol. 7, No. 1 March/April 2003 This is the second part of a multipart article discussing the current debate on gun regulation. Part II describes recent holdings that reflect lenient gun regulation, as well as one case in which a plaintiff successfully sued a gun distributor for the fatal death of her husband. Legal Developments: Part III: Victimization The Second Amendment, And Gun Regulation Myers, Roslyn K. Crime Victims Report, Vol. 7, No. 1 March/April 2003 This is the third part of a multipart article discussing the current debate on gun regulation. Part III describes the differing approaches of other countries, the increasing involvement of children with guns, and the Childproof Handgun Bill legislation passed by New Jersey. Legal Outcomes For Children Who Have Been Sexually Abused: The Impact Of Child Abuse Assessment Center Evaluations Joa, Debbie and Edelson, Meredyth Goldberg Child Maltreatment, Vol. 9, No. 3 August 2004 Fifty children who were seen at a Child Abuse Assessment Center (CAAC) to determine whether the groups differed in legal outcomes in cases of sexual abuse. Legal Report: Juror Stress Hafemeister, Thomas L. Violence and Victims, Vol. 8, No. 2 Summer 1993 This report discusses juror stress. Recent media reports and research studies indicate that jurors may experience elevated levels of stress as a result of their service, with possible consequences to both the physical and mental health of the jurors as well as to the integrity of the judicial process. Legal Reviews Kozlowski, Ken Campus Safety & Student Development, Vol. 2, No. 4 March/April 2001 Discusses two cases. Evidence of Racial Epithets Properly Excluded in Title VII Action which deals with hostile work environment predicated on racial epithets, "Deliberate Indifference" proved in Title IX case - which deals with sexual harassment and a school's indifference to complaints. Legal Reviews Kozlowski, Ken Campus Safety & Student Development, Vol. 2, No. 6 July/August 2001 Discusses court cases of interest from around the country. This issue’s cases include: Fraternity Sued Over Alcohol Consumption, University Liable for Injuries to Cheerleader, and New Hampshire Harassment Case Survives Summary Judgment Motion. Legal Reviews Kozlowski, Ken Campus Safety & Student Development, Vol. 3, No. 1 September/October 2001 Discusses legal cases from around the U.S. This issue covers: University of Maine Owes Duty to Students, NLRB Order Overturned in Quinnipiac College Certification Case, Fellowship Student Not a University Employee, and Program Benefits Both Students and Administration. Legal Reviews: Brandeis University Wins Affirmation Of Its Student Disciplinary Procedures Kozlowski, Ken Campus Safety & Student Development Vol. 2, No. 3, January/February 2001 Alphabetical by title Articles L Reviews the results of a Massachusetts Supreme court case which stemmed from the Brandeis University's handling of a student accused of date rape. The student had sued the university claiming that the discipline process was unfair. Legal Reviews: Title IX Retaliation Action Against George MasonUniversity Allowed To Continue Kozlowski, Ken Campus Safety & Student Development, May/June 2001 Author reviews sexual harassment case involving a female student at George Mason University. Legal Treatment Of The Victim-Offender Relationship In Crimes Of Violence Simon, Leonore M. J. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 11, No. 1 March 1996 This study investigates whether the victimoffender relationship plays a role in determining the original charge, the crime conviction, and the sentence length of inmates in prison for violent crimes. Legalization: The Australian Experience Sullivan, Mary Lucille and Jeffreys, Sheila Violence Against Women, Vol. 8, No. 9 September 2002 Although aspects of the prostitution industry in the state of Victoria in Australia have been legalized, the large growth in both the now legal and illegal sectors and increase in the trafficking of women to meet the large demand for paid sexual services indicate that the legislation has not met its intended purposes of minimizing the harm in prostitution and stemming criminal involvement in and controlling expansion of the industry. Legislation And Litigation Kozlowski, Ken Campus Safety & Student Development, Vol. 3, No. 5 May/June 2002 This article discusses several legal cases from around the country. This issue covers: "Student Assignments Not Education Records Under FERPA", and " Dartmouth Alumni Claim Foul Over Fundraising Campaign". Legislation And Litigation Kozlowski, Ken Campus Safety & Student Development, Vol. 3, No. 6 July/August 2002 Discusses prominent judicial cases from across the U.S. Cases include: Student Alleges Racial Discrimination After Being Expelled, University Diving Coach Escapes Liability for Injury, Public University Not Liable for Injuries Under New Jersey Charitable Immunity Act, and College, Fraternity Possibly Liable for Deliberate Criminal Attack. Legislative Roundup- New State Laws Protecting Vulnerable Adults Dayton, Kim Victimization of the Elderly and Disabled, Vol. 5, No. 4 November/ December 2002 This month's column discusses selected new state laws on a number of subjects, including enhancing criminal remedies for elder abuse, reforms in guardianship/conservatorship proceedings, and criminal background checks. Legitimation Issues In The State-Nonprofit Relationship Moore, Louella. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 4 December 2001 Current theories on the origin of the nonprofit sector do not adequately explain changes in the relative scale of social welfare service provision by the state versus private nonprofit entities. French and Japanese experiences illustrate that nations can undergo significant change, cycling through periods of expansion then restriction of the legal status and role of the nonprofit sector. This article considers the potential for legitimation strategies to explain the shifts in nonprofit status in France and Japan. The article concludes that although some theoretical foundation exists on legitimation concepts, additional work needs to be done to derive a sufficient theory of how legitimation issues affect change in the nonprofit sector Lesbian And Gay Male Undergraduates' Experiences Of Harassment And Fear On Campus D'Augelli, Anthony R. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 7, No. 3 September 1992 Harassment and discrimination based on sexual orientation was studied in a sample of 121 undergraduate students between 19 and 22 years of age. The implications of harassment and discrimination on the development of young lesbians and gay men are discussed. Lesbian And Gay Male Undergraduates' Experiences Of Harassment And Fear On Campus D'Augelli, Anthony R. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 7, No. 3 September 1992 Harassment and discrimination based on sexual orientation was studied in a sample of 121 undergraduate students between 19 and 22 years of age. The implications of harassment and Alphabetical by title discrimination on the development of young lesbians and gay men are discussed. Articles L Lesbian Battering: The Relationship Between Personality And The Perpetration Of Violence Coleman, Vallerie E. Violence and Victims, Vol. 9, No. 2 Summer 1994 This article proposes that a multidimensional theory of partner abuse, which incorporates an emphasis on individual personality dynamics, is needed to more fully understand the heterogeneity of batterers. Lesbians In Currently Aggressive Relationships: How Frequently Do They Report Aggressive Past Relationships? Lie, Gwat-Yong and Reyes, Lynn Violence and Victims, Vol. 6, No. 2 Summer 1991 Findings are reported from a survey examining the frequency with which women in currently aggressive same-sex relationships also report aggressive past relationships involving female partners, male partners, or members of their family of origin. Lesbians Who Abuse Their Partners : Using The FIRO-B To Assess Interpersonal Characteristics Miller, Diane Helene and Lockhart, Lettie L. Women & Therapy, Vol. 23, No. 3 2001 This study explored the functional interpersonal style of a small group of lesbians who had abused their partners (n=15) and enrolled in a pilot feminist abuse cessation therapy program. Each completed a Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior scale (FIRO-B), a self-report assessment tool that measures expressed and wanted inclusion, control, and affection. Robust findings from the small, ethnically homogenous sample are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding one interpersonal dynamic of control in lesbian relationships in which there is abuse. Future directions for therapy and research are outlined. Less Than Ideal : The Reality Of Implementing A Welfare-To-Work Program For Domestic Violence Victims And Survivors In Collaboration With The TANF Department Levin, Rebekah. Violence Against Women, Vol. 7, No. 2 February 2001 As the clock on receipt of Temporary Assistance to Needy families (TANF) benefits continues to tick, TANF departments across the United States are being expected to address the needs of their harder to serve populations, including domestic violence victims and survivors. This article documents the experiences and learnings from a large TANF office in Chicago where a pilot program was initiated 2 years ago to provide onsite domestic violence services to TANF participants. Despite considerable efforts, most TANF caseworkers resisted referring women for services, forcing the project to devise alternative means of gaining access to women in the TANF office. Of the women who came to at least one follow-up session with the domestic violence advocates, 57% have been placed in work activities, demonstrating successful outcomes and indicating that it is critically important to solve the organizational issues raised by the demonstration project. Lessons For Multisite Nonprofits From The United Church Of Christ Barman, Emily and Chaves, Mark. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, Vol. 11, No. 3 Spring 2001 This article describes the restructuring process currently under way at the United Church of Christ (UCC) -a 1.4 million members Protestant denomination. Three main questions are addressed: What are the central goals of the UCC restructure? What factors might explain the particular strategic direction pursued in UCC restructuring? and How might the UCC case inform recent thinking about the structure and performance of multisite nonprofits. Lessons From The National VOCA Evaluation: Part I: Crime Victim Compensation Newmark, Lisa C. Crime Victims Report, Vol. 7, No. 3 July/August 2003 (From article) This is a partial summary of the final project report to the National Institute of Justice, "The National Evaluation of State Victims of Crime Act Assistance and Compensation Programs: Trends and Strategies for the future", by Lisa Newmark, Judy Borderman, Barbara Smith, and Blaine Liner (April, 2003). Lessons Learned From Military Sexual Trauma Survivors Nelson, T.S. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 6, No. 5 May/June 2003 This article identifies key considerations and the barriers that are unique to working with military populations. It also addresses the unique issues for victims of violence in the military based on the most recent survey by the Department of Defense in 1995, and in comparison, the findings of a privately-funded, five-year international research study on rape and sexual harassment in the U.S. Military. Alphabetical by title Articles L Letter To The Editor: Care Of The Victim Of Rape D'Onofrio, Gail and Levine, David L. The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 322, No. 25 1995 In this brief letter to the editor, the author discusses a recently completed national survey of 102 residencies in emergency medicine to evaluate existing sexual-assault curriculums. Of the 67 programs that responded, only 45% included education about sexual assault as part of the orientation of new residents. The authors argue that care is best provided after an assault by a multidisciplinary team involving nurses, social workers, counselors, and advocates, as well as physicians. Letter To The Editor: HIV Testing, Counseling, And Prophylaxis After Sexual Assault Mills, Linda G. Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 272, No. 20 November 1994 This letter to the editor argues that preconviction limited compulsory HIV testing of sexual assault defendants has a differential impact on communities of color and poor people: it supports problematic assumptions about the victims, it dismisses the public health goals of HIV testing and counseling activities, and it disregards the fact that the HIV testing of the accused does not resolve the victim's prophylaxis and treatment dilemmas. Letter To The Editor: Male Rape Lacey, Helen and Roberts, Raine. British Medical Journal, Vol. 302, No. 6769 January 19, 1991 The writer of this letter responds to a previous article about male rape, arguing that the authors of that article place too much emphasis on the need for HIV testing of male survivors and not enough emphasis on the need for screening for other sexually transmitted diseases. Letter To The Editor: Rape Report Challenged Kovacevic-Ristanovic, Ruzica and Gaynor, Ljiljana. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, Vol. 48, No. 4 1993 This letter to the editor criticizes a previously published article entitled "War crimes of the '90's: rape as a strategy" as being representative of a widespread infestation of all media by a carefully staged propaganda campaign against Serbs. Letter To The Editor: Rape Resistance Strategies And Weapons Used In Assault Friedsam, Donna. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 84, No. 7 1994 The author of this letter comments on an article entitled, "The effects of resistance strategies on rape," which reports that in sexual assault situations, forceful verbal resistance, physical resistance, and fleeing were all associated with rape avoidance, while nonforceful verbal resistance and no resistance were associated with being raped. The author of the letter contends that this finding may be confounded by an additional variable not addressed in the study: the type of weapon used in the assault. Liability Of Landlord In Rape Case: What A Difference A Jury M Burgess, Ann Wolbert and Jayson, Christopher Pakes Sexual Assault Report Vol. 3 No. 3 January/February 2000 The outcomes of civil suits depend on many issues. A recent case in Florida illustrates how different juries presented with the same case can come up with vastly different verdicts. In a premises liability case, the first jury failed to award damages for pain and suffering, mental anguish, or loss of enjoyment of life. A second jury in the same case, presented only the evidence of the impact on the victim, reached a vastly different result and rendered a significant verdict for the plaintiff. This article examines the rape case of Ms. Doe in 1993 in Tampa Bay area. Liability Of The Negligent Landlord Burgess, Ann Wolbert and Wilkens, James. Sexual Assault Report Vol. 3 No. 1 September/October 1999 This article looks at a case in New York in 1991, which allowed a tenant to sue the landlord for negligence. The case involved the rape and sodomy of a 12-year old girl. Liberating The Amazon: Feminism In The Martial Arts Guthrie, Sharon R. Women and Therapy, Vol. 16, No. 2/3 1995 In this paper, the author challenges the Cartesian emphasis on mind that characterizes much of feminist theory and proposes instead a feminist "care of the self" ethic that revolutionizes both mind and body. Qualitative research involving participant-observation and 30 in-depth interviews with women who practice seido karate at Thousand Waves, a feminist martial arts dojo in Chicago, provide empirical support for such a proposition. Data indicated that women's self concept is profoundly altered when physically empowering activities such as the martial arts are practiced in gynocentric spaces infused with feminist spirit, ethics, and pedagogy. They also indicated that healing from incest, rape, and other forms of violence is facilitated by martial arts/self Alphabetical by title Articles L defense training in ways that are qualitatively different from traditionally psychological therapy. Ultimately, this work suggests that approaches that empower women physically, as well as mentally and spiritually, may be more effective in producing personal and social change than cognitive strategies alone. Life Goals And Attributions For Expected Outcomes Among Adolescents From Five Ethnic Groups Phinney, Jean S and Blanton, Shanika. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 4 November 2001 This research explored the relationships among life goals and attributions for outcomes among 371 adolescents (mean age 14.8 years) from five American ethnic groups: American, Vietnamese, Mexican American, European American, and African American. Adolescents responded to open-ended questions regarding their future goals, expectation of reaching their goals, and attributions for the expected outcome. Results showed that most adolescents set high goals and expected to reach them. Those who expected to reach their goals attributed the outcome more to effort and less to external factors than did those who not expect to meet with success. Compared to European American adolescents, minority group adolescents attributed outcomes more to effort and less to ability. This finding may reflect their belief that they need to work harder to overcome obstacles and stereotypes. Life Lessons And Husband-To-Wife Violence Cano, Annmarie and Vivian, Dina. Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol, 6, No. 5 September-October 2001 The current review critically evaluates the research conducted on the relationship between life stressors and husband-to-wife violence. Empirical work suggests that there may be multiple pathways accounting for the relationship between life stressors and husband to wife violence. Contrary to previous reviews of the literature, we found that the existing evidence supports a direct association between life stressors and husband to wife violence. In addition, a number of variables mediate and moderate the relationship between life stressors and violence including marital satisfaction, depression, attitudes accepting of husband to wife violence, violence in the family of origin, and alcohol abuse/dependence. In order to assist investigators interested in conducting research in this area, we conclude this review by identifying remaining problems in the research and recommending possible solutions. Lifetime Abuse, Mental Health, And African American Women Ramos, Blanca M and McNutt, Louise-Anne Journal of Family Violence, Vol. 19, No. 3 June 2004 This study examined the relationship between lifetime abuse and mental health among 126 African American women and 365 White women from a primary health care setting who participated in a telephone interview as part of a larger study. Lifetime Exposure To Interparental Physical And Verbal Aggression And Symptom Expression In College Students Blumenthal, Deborah R and Murphy, Christopher M. Violence and Victims, Vol. 13, No. 2 Summer 1998 This study investigated relations between lifetime exposure to interparental aggression and 1) anxiety, depression, and anger; 2) interpersonal problems; and 3) symptoms of trauma, in a sample of young adults. The Limited Reach Of Russia's Party System : Underinstitutionalization In Dual Transitions Weiss-Stoner, Kathryn. Politics & Society, Vol. 29, No. 3 September 2001 While Russian political parties appear to be institutionalizing to some degree at the national level, they are surprisingly absent at the regional level. This is a result of the dynamics of Russia's dual economic and political transition. Regional elites prefer a "partial reform equilibrium" in political institutional development so that they can avoid widening the sphere of accountability for their decisions in order to protect the gains they have made in the early stage of the economic transition. Strong political institutions-like competitive political parties that penetrate the periphery- would render transitional winners more broadly accountable to wider societal interests as well as to national political actors. The argument suggests that the territorial penetration and further institutionalization of Russia's party system are not necessarily inevitable. Under the conditions of dual, simultaneous economic and political transitions, elites may prefer an equilibrium of political underinstitutionalization to preserve their early winnings from the economic transition. Linking Drug-Related Activities With Experiences Of Partner Violence : A Focus Group Study Of Women In Methadone Treatment Gilbert, Louisa and Frye, Victoria. Violence and Victims, Vol. 16, No. 5 October 2001 Alphabetical by title Articles L This study examined various contexts in which drug-related activities may be linked with intimate partner violence among women in methadone treatment. We conducted 14 focus groups with 68 predominantly Latina and African American women, who reported recent partner abuse. Guided by Goldstein's tripartite model, gender theory, and trauma theory, our inquiry explored how partner violence may be related to psychopharmacological effects of drugs use and to conflicts over procuring and splitting drugs. We also examined whether women used drugs to cope with violence. Across the focus groups, women reported that their low social status and perceived sexual availability as "drug-using women", their partner's drug substance use, their own verbal aggression under the influence of crack and alcohol, and conflicts over procuring and splitting drugs played a role in their victimization. The findings further suggest that conflicts over gender role expectations interact with drug-related activities, increasing the likelihood of a violent outcome. Linking Feminity, Weight Concern, And Mental Health Among Latina, Black And White Women Bay-Cheng, Laina Y. Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 1 March 2002 Studies examining women's appearance ideals and weight concern have predominantly relied on samples of White women. This study addresses this oversight, examining the different relations among embodied femininity, weight concern, and depressive symptomatology that exist for different groups of women. Using a nationally representative sample of women between ages 18 and 45, bivariate analyses were conducted using three samples of Latina, Black and White women. When sample size allowed, a multivariate model was tested (i.e., for Black and White respondents). Results confirm, as hypothesized, different patterns of relations between embodied femininity, weight concern, and depressive symptomatology for each of the samples. At the bivariate level, embodied femininity, weight concern, and depressive symptomatology were positively intercorrelated among Latina respondents. Whereas weight concern fully mediated the relation between embodied femininity and depressive symptomatology for the White respondents, the mediational model was not borne out for the Black respondents. For the latter, although embodied femininity and weight concern were related, weight concern was unrelated to depressive symptoms. Both of these patterns are discussed, as well as the need for greater empirical sensitivity to various constructions of femininity among women of different ethnicities. Linking The Assessment Of Self -Reported Functional Capacity With Abuse Experiences Of Women With Disabilities Gilson, Stephen French and Cramer, Elizabeth P. Violence Against Women, Vol. 7, No. 4 April 2001 Women with disabilities are abused at rates similar to or greater than their nondisabled counterparts. Compared with nonabused women, women abused by an intimate partner have a greater risk of being disabled or having an illness that affects their activities of daily living. Although disabled women experience similar forms of abuse to those of nondisabled women, some forms of abuse are unique to disabled women due to their limitations that the disability presents. This article presents a conceptual analysis of abuse disabled women and discusses assessment procedures that can assist in identifying abuse and informing service delivery. We propose a model of abuse assessment anchored on the Power and Control Wheel that encompasses the unique forms of abuse that disabled women experience; comprehensive functional assessment through self-reporting and self-rating; and attention to heterogeneity with regard to cultural sensitivity, structure of reporting, and nature of disability. Domestic violence poses a grave threat to the preservation of African American families and communities. In an effort to create an agenda for further discussion, this article provides a critical analysis of the current literature on domestic violence in the African American community, identifies gaps in knowledge, and discusses an action agenda to help eradicate domestic violence. Listening To Survivor's Voices Hathaway, Jeanne E and Zimmer, Bonnie Violence Against Women, Vol. 8. No. 6, June 2002 To understand how providers can address partner abuse more effectively, the authors conducted semi structured interviews with 49 clients of a hospital based domestic violence (DV) program. Due to the potentially grave consequences survivors face for disclosing abuse, it often took the right combination of circumstances in their lives and/or the presence of an understanding and caring provider for them to disclose. Following disclosure, survivors frequently founds referral to the in house DV program most helpful, along with other emotional and practical support. Findings from this study reveal additional ways in which health care providers can respond more effectively to this pervasive problem. The Lived Experience Of Battered Women Taylor, Wendy K and Amundson, Mary Jane. Violence Against Women, Vol. 7, No. 5 May 2001 Alphabetical by title Articles L In this phenomenological study, battered women from a multiethnic population in Hawaii provided descriptions of their lived experiences. Calaizzi's method was used to identify three major theme clusters that emerged from the data, reflecting how the women organized their stories: (a) painting the whole picture, (b) describing the violence, and (c) living with the consequences. Each major theme was further broken down into subthemes that described how it felt to live in an abusive situation. In reviewing the impact of culture, there were more similarities than differences among cultures. Living At The Intersection: The Effects Of Racism And Sexism On Black Rape Survivors Donovan, Roxanne and Williams, Michelle Women & Therapy, Vol. 25. No. 3/4 2002 Empirical and clinical data indicate that Black rape survivors are blamed more and are less likely to disclose their assaults than other women. We propose that these differences are, in large part, due to how Black women are perceived and evaluated. Specifically, we link two historical images of Black women, Jezebel and Matriarch, to the contemporary experience of Black rape survivors. The paradoxical and destructive implications of these images on Black rape survivors' decisions to disclose and report their rapes are discussed. Racially sensitive intervention strategies are also provided. Living Without Democracy And Peace: Violence Against Women In The Former Yugoslavia Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna Violence Against Women, Vol. 5, No. 1 January 1999 In this article, violence against women in the former Yugoslavia is analyzed, with special emphasis on the influence of war, nationalism, and militarism on its occurrence. Long-Term Correlates Of Child Abuse : Theory And Review Of The Empirical Literature Polnusny, Melissa A and Follette, Victoria M. Applied & Preventive Psychology, Vol. 4 1995 Since Brown and Finkelhor's (1986) seminal review of the impact of child sexual abuse, there has been a dramatic increase in the child sexual abuse literature. Because of this tremendous growth in the literature, a more current review is warranted. The focus of this paper is a review of the long-term correlates of child sexual abuse published since 1987. Sexually abused subjects report higher levels of general psychological distress and higher rates of both major psychological disorders and personality disorders grab nonabused subjects. In addition, child sexual abuse survivors report higher rates of substance abuse, binge eating, somatization, and suicidal behaviors than nonabused subjects. Adult survivors of child sexual abuse report poorer social and interpersonal functioning, greater sexual dissatisfaction, dysfunction, and maladjustment including high risk sexual behavior, and a greater tendency toward revictimization through adult sexual assault and physical partner violence. The long-term correlates of child sexual abuse are conceptualized within a framework based on a theory of emotional avoidance. Although more recent empirical findings have demonstrated improved designs and methodology, these studies continue to be limited in their generalizability. Recommendations for future research are discussed. Long-Term Effects Of Parent-To-Child Violence For Women Downs, William R and Panek, Denise. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 7, No. 3 September 1992 The relationships between experiences of parental violence during childhood and the development of victimization by severe violence from partner or alcohol-related problems in adulthood were examined by comparing women with partner victimization only, alcohol-related problems only, both issues, and neither issues. Long-Term Medical Consequences Of Incest, Rape, And Molestation Felitti, Vincent J. Southern Medical Journal, Vol. 84, No. 3 March 1991 131 patients who gave a history of childhood sexual abuse were seen in a general medical practice decades after the event and were compared with a control group. Long-Term Psychological And Social Impact Of Witnessing Physical Conflict Between Parents Henning, Kris and Bennett, Robert T. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 11, No. 1 March 1996 A community sample of 617 adult women completed a questionnaire about witnessing interparental physical conflicts before the age of 16. Women who had witnessed parental physical conflict exhibited higher levels of current psychological distress on the General Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Long-Term Psychological Consequences In Women Of Witnessing Parental Physical Conflict And Experiencing Abuse In Childhood Maker, Azmaira Hamid and Peterson, Christopher. Alphabetical by title Articles L Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 13, No. 5 October 1998 This study compared a nonwitness control group with two groups exposed to moderate or to severe marital violence. Witnesses of marital violence experienced more sexual and physical abuse and more parental substance use in childhood than did nonwitnesses and there was more violence in their own dating relationships. Long-Term Trends In Depression Among Women Separated From Abusive Partners Anderson, Deborah K and Sullivan, Cris M. Thousand Oaks, CA: Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 7 July 2003 This study tested a cumulative adversity hypothesis, where differences in post separation stressors among battered women were expected to lead to a widening gap in levels of women's depression over time. Ninety-four women separated from their abusive partners were interviewed six times over a 2 -year period. Consistent with the hypothesis, inequalities grew over time. Women who were exposed to the greatest amount of violence and secondary stressors shortly after shelter exit experienced relatively higher levels of depression that either did not improve or significantly increased with time. Social support was the only resource to have hypothesized decreasing levels of depression. Longitudinal Analysis Of Academic Achievement Among A Nationwide Sample Of Hispanic Students In One-Versus Dual-Parent Households Battle, Juan Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 4 November 2002 Previous researchers have found that, on average, students in single -parent households do not perform as well in school as their counterparts in dual-parent households. Another frequent findings is that the higher a student's socioeconomic status, the higher her or his educational achievement. However, there has been little attention paid to how family configuration and socioeconomic status interact to affect educational achievement of Hispanic students. Using a nationally representative sample, this research found that for 12th grade outcomes, in the presence of socioeconomic status, family configuration is not statistically significant. Furthermore, results for two years after high school showed, among other things, that socioeconomic status is much more important in predicting outcomes than is family configuration. The article ends with a discussion of policy implementations. A Longitudinal Analysis Of Funding For Student Affairs In Public Institutions Schuh, John H and Shelly, Mack C. III. Journal of College Student Development, Vol. 42, No. 5 September/October 2001 This study examines longitudinal funding for 513 public institutions over the time period 1995-1999 using the IPEDS database. A comparison across institutional types is presented, and student affairs funding also is compared with other major campus units. A Longitudinal Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of A Sexual Assault Education Program Breitenbecher, Kimberly Hanson and Scarce, Michael. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 14, No. 5 May 1999 The purpose of the present investigation was to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of a sexual assault education program. Although the program was successful in increasing knowledge about sexual assault, it was not successful in reducing the incidence of sexual assault. A Look At The Violence Against Women Act And Gender-Related Political Asylum Orloff, Leslye E and Kelly, Nancy. Violence Against Women, Vol. 1, No. 4 December 1995 This article summarizes two important recent developments in immigration law that provide avenues for women seeking lawful immigration status to independently assert their rights: the Violence Against Women Act (Violent Crime Control, 1994), and an issuance by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Looking At Fundraising Software Programs Klein, Kim Grassroots Fundraising Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2 April 1997 This article reviews four fundraising programs: DonorPerfect, Donor Works, Giftmaker Pro, and Fundraising Basic. Looking Earlier In The Life Course For The GVA : Comment On Holtzworth-Munroe And Meehan Lynam, Donald R. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 19, No. 12 December 2004 Looking Good...Developing Effective Written Materials: Working With Production Professionals Adess, Nancy Grassroots Fundraising Journal, Vol. 20, No. 3 May/June 2001 Alphabetical by title Articles L Love Means Never Having To Be Careful: The Relationship Between Reading Romance Novels And Safe Sex Behavior Diekman, Amanda B and Gardner, Wendi L. Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2 June 2000 According to the sexual script portrayed in romance novels, true love is demonstrated by being "swept away" in passion. To the extent that this traditional romance script influences romance readers' own sexual scripts, readers may express greater reluctance to engage in precautionary sexual health behaviors, such as using condoms. We explored the relationship between women's reading of romance books and their attitudes toward condom use, reports on past condom use, and intention to use condoms in the future. A systematic context analysis of modern romance novels documented the extremely low incidence of portrayals of condom use in sexual encounters. Study 1 demonstrated that high levels of romance reading were associated with negative attitudes toward condoms and reduced intent to use condoms in the future; Study 2 showed experimentally that including safe sex elements in romance stories increased positive attitudes toward condoms and marginally increased intent to use condoms in the future. Low-Income Mothers' Experience With Poor Health, Hardship, Work And Violence: Implications For Policy Romero, Diana and Smith, Lauren A. Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 10 October 2003 Welfare reform in 1996 increased work requirements for welfare recipients. Poor mothers face multiple barriers to work, among them poor health and abuse. In a sample (N=504) of lowincome mothers of children with chronic illness, women who had experienced violence had significantly worse health, experienced increased hardship, and faced more barriers to employment than women who did not experience violence. Battered women's health outcomes were assessed in the context of welfare policies that emphasize work without making reasonable accommodations for health and other employment barriers. Low Risk Of HIV Transmission In Rape Victims Lopez-Varela, M and Martinez-Zapico, R. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Vol. 13, No. 7 1994 Although it has been accepted that the risk of HIV transmission is low in women who have been raped, until now there has not been enough data available to demonstrate this. The authors therefore retrospectively studied HIV serological markers in all women who arrived at the Emergency Department of their hospital in 1991 after a sexual assault. Alphabetical by title Articles M Machines And Masculine Subjectivity: Technology As An Integral Part Of Men's Life Experiences Mellstrom, Ulf. Men and Masculinities, Vol. 330-348 April 2004 This article draws on anthropological work among two groups of technical specialists, mechanics in Malaysia and engineers in Sweden. From a cross -cultural perspective, it focuses on and critically examines ways in which masculine bonds are mediated and communicated through interactions with machines, particularly motorbikes, and cars. Magnitude And Patterns Of Family And Intimate Assault In Atlanta, Georgia, 1984 Saltzman, Linda E and Waxweiler, Richard J Violence and Victims, Vol. 5, No. 1 Spring 1990 A sample of police incident reports was used to examine the magnitude and patterns of family and intimate assault involving weapon use or threat, bodily force, or verbal threat of assault in a defined urban population during 1984. Magnitude Scaling Of Intensity Of Sexual Refusal Behaviors In A Date Rape Gross, Alan M and Lawson, Gregory D. Violence Against Women, Vol. 4, No. 3 June 1998 Two studies examined college students' perceptions of the intensity of a woman's refusal behaviors in a date rape situation. Major Depressive Disorder And Depressive Symptomatology As Predictors Of Husband To Wife Physical Aggression Feldbau-Kohn, Shari and O'Leary, K. Daniel Violence and Victims, Vol. 13, No. 4 Winter 1998 This study investigated the association between a husband's depressive symptomatology and the frequency of physical aggression toward his wife, as well as a husband's Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and the frequency of physical aggression toward his wife. The authors assessed physically aggressive men who volunteered for treatment with their wives. Making A Case For Personal Safety : Perceptions Of Vulnerability And Desire For Self-Defense Training Among Female Veterans David, Wendys S and Weitlauf, Julie C.. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 19, No. 9 September 2004. In this article the author used national data to examine the help-seeking strategies of female crime victims. The research had two objectives. First, to determine whether help seeking exists as isolated choices or whether there is a discernable set of help-seeking strategies used by victims.Consistent with the literature on the impact of such training on nonclinical populations and on individuals with visual impairments, the results of this study indicate that traumatized female veterans believe PS/SD training would be an effective and powerful addition to more traditional treatments of PTSD. Study participants indicated they believe such training would positively affect their sense of personal safety; promote increased competence in thwarting future assaults; improve their selfesteem, confidence, and assertiveness; and reduce avoidant and agoraphobic behaviors. These pilot results support the development of an adjunct intervention to argument current PTSD treatments for women veterans with histories of sexual and physical trauma. Making Love "Legible" In China: Politics And Society During The Enforcement Of Civil Marriage Registration, 1950-66 Diamant, Neil J. Politics & Society, Vol. 29, No. 3 September 2001 This article looks at marriage registration as a window into state building and state-family relations in Maoist China. It focuses on the interaction between officials and citizens as they tried to make sense of the new state's unprecedented demand and people register their marriage prior to the consummation. Marriage registration was expected to make Chinese society more "legible" to the state, as well as contribute to a "healthier" nation. While much of the literature of Maoist China would anticipate state success.archival evidence points to widespread evasion and resistance, as well as accomodation, to the state's effort to reshape family relations. The Making Of A Whore Russell, Diana E. H. Violence Against Women, Vol. 1, No. 1 March 1995 This article opens with an account of an incest survivor who defined herself as a "whore" and described how her abuser had groomed her for this role. The relationship between incest and prostitution in general is documented in the concluding section of this case study. Making Sex Violent: Love As Force In Recent Hindi Films Derne, Steve Violence Against Women, Vol. 5, No. 5 May 1999 This article shows that Indian films do more than depict violence against women; they eroticize such violence and ask male viewers to identify Alphabetical by title Articles This article discusses how to make the successful transition from an organizer to executive director. M with heroes who use force to win the affections of their beloveds. Making Social Change: Reflections On Individual And Institutional Advocacy With Women Arrested For Domestic McMahon, Martha and Pence, Ellen Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 1 January 2003 The arrest of large numbers of women under laws originally designed to protect them from male violence tells us very little about women's use of violence against their intimate partners. However, it does tell us about the difficulties of organizing to protect women from violence and about some of the unanticipated challenges of engaging the legal and criminal justice systems as ways of protecting women from violence. The authors offer strategies that activists can use to advocate for women who have been victims of domestic violence and who have been arrested for using domestic violence. Making Sociological Sense Out Of Trends In Intimate Partner Violence : The Social Structure Of Violence Against Women Michalski, Joseph H. Violence Against Women, Vol. 10, No. 6 June 2004 Despite evidence of a cultural shift in orientations toward violence, the problem of violence against women persists across a range of different soceities. The preoccupation with the psychology of violence and the focus on cultural orientations obscure the more salient features if social life that promote violence: the structure of interpersonal relationships.The current article draws on comparative research and Donald Black's theoretical approach to argue that key factors include (a) the degree of social isolation, (b) interdependence of support networks, (c) inequality, (d) relational distance, (e) centralization of authority, and (f) exposure to violent networks. The weak explanatory power of previous research can be improved by developing measures to evaluate an integrated structural model of violence against women. Making Special Events Work For You Roth, Stephanie Grassroots Fundraising Journal, Vol. 21, No. 6 November/ December 2002 This article discusses how to make a special event work best for your organization. Making The Transition From Organizer To Executive Director: How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love My New Job Roque, Mike Grassroots Fundraising Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4 August 1999 Male Abuse Of A Married Or Cohabiting Female Partner: The Application Of Sociological Theory To Research Findings Ellis, Desmond Violence and Victims, Vol. 4, No. 4 Winter 1989 Does woman abuse vary with marital status and, if so, why? The primary objectives of this article are to answer these two questions. Male Adolescent Sexual Assaulters: Clinical Observations Awad, George A and Saunders, Elisabeth B. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 6, No. 4 December 1991 In this study, clinical assessments of male adolescent sexual offenders who had sexually assaulted females their age or older showed that the majority were recidivists, had a history of antisocial behavior, and came from a disturbed family background. Male And Female Adolescents' Perceived Interpersonal Communication Skills According To History Of Sexual Coercion Anderson, Virginia and Stephens, Yvonne Adolescence, Vol. 32, No. 126 Summer 1997 This report summarizes the experience of 61 female adolescents recruited through a private adolescent family planning clinic, and 183 9th through 12th-grade adolescents recruited from a private suburban high school regarding their experiences with dating relationships, sexual communication skills, and psychological status. Male And Female Sexual Victimization In Dating Relationships: Gender Differences In Coercion Techniques And Outcomes Waldner-Haugrud, Lisa K and Magruder, Brian Violence and Victims, Vol. 10, No. 3 Fall 1995 Previous research on dating sexual coercion defines females as victims and males as perpetrators. This study expands on a trend to include male victims of sexual coercion in order to contrast their experiences with female victims. Making Men Into Dads: Fatherhood, The State, And Welfare Reform Curran, Laura and Abrams, Laura S. Gender & Society, Vol. 14, No. 5 October 2000 Note: Recent revisions in child support and paternity establishment legislation enacted under the 1996 welfare reform act, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), significantly alter Alphabetical by title Articles a low tolerance of violence toward female partners. M the American welfare state's relationship to men's fathering. Through a critical review of prior research and social service literature, the authors argue PRWORA actively constructs fatherhood not only through state policies that maintain males as "breadwinners" but also through statesponsered social service programs that seek to influence men's identities as fathers. PRWORA's policies and their accompanying discourses similtaneously reproduce and undermine denger hierarchy yet tacitly mantain structural race and class inequalities. The Male Batterer: Clinical And Research Issues Sonkin, Daniel Jay Violence and Victims, Vol. 3, No. 1 Spring 1988 This article makes specific recommendations that may lead us to a better understanding of the etiology of spouse abuse as well as to the formulation of more effective intervention and prevention strategies. Male Customers Of Prostituted Women: Exploring Perceptions Of Entitlement To Power And Control And Implications For Violent Behavior Toward Women Busch, Noel Bridget and Monto, Martin A.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Violence Against Women, Vol. 8, No. 9, September 2002 This study explores the underlying structure of the perceptions of 1,342 men arrested for trying to hire a prostituted woman on the street. The analysis identified eight structural dimensions that accounted for 47% pf the explained variance. Three factors contained items reflecting patriarchal views of women and perceived entitlement to power and control, which are issues that could lead men to exhibit violence. Findings suggest that lower levels of education, conservative attitudes toward sexuality, more frequent pornography use, and traumatic life experiences may be related to entitlement to power and control factors, which in turn could be used to justify violence against women. Male Domestic Violence: Attitudes, Aggression, And Interpersonal Dependency Kane, Tamsin A and Ricciardelli, Lina A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 15, No. 1 January 2000 This study investigated whether men who use violence toward their partners are more accepting of domestic violence and report higher levels of general aggression and levels of interpersonal dependency than comparison groups (football players and community service volunteers). Results indicated the violent men were more aggressive and more dependent than both the comparison groups, whereas all three groups had Male-Female And Aggressor-Victim Differences In The Factor Structure Of The Modified Conflict Tactics Scale Pan, Helen S and O'Leary, K. Daniel Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 9, No. 3 September 1994 The data presented in this study provide new empirical evidence that physical aggression should be conceptualized separately as mild and severe when appraising self-reports of physical aggression by both men and women and when assessing reports of victimization by men. Male-Initiated Partner Abuse During Marital Separation Prior To Divorce Toews, Michelle L and Catlett. Beth S. Violence and Victims, Vol. 18, No. 4 August 2003 The purpose of this study was to assess prediction of male-initiated psychological and physical partner abuse during the separation process prior to divorce among a sample of 80 divorced fathers who reported no physical violence during their marriages. The predictor variables examined were male gender-role identity female-initiated divorces, dependence on one's former wife, depression, anxiety, and coparental conflict. Through ordinary least square (OLS) regression techniques, it was found that male gender role identity was positively related to male-initiated psychological abuse during separation. Logistic regression analyses revealed that male-initiated psychological abuse, anxiety level, coparental conflict, and dependence on one's former spouse increased the odds of a man engaging in physical abuse. However, depression decreased the odds of a man engaging in physical abuse. However, depression decreased the odds of separation physical abuse. The models predicting both male-initiated psychological abuse (F = 2.20, p < .05, R2 = .15) and physical abuse during the separation process were significant (Model X2 = 35.00 df = 7, p < .001). Male Partner Violence Against Aboriginal Women In Canada: An Empirical Analysis Brownridge, Douglas A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 18, No. 1 January 2003 This study fills a gap in the extant literature through an empirical investigation of male partner violence against Aboriginal women in Canada. Using a large-scale representative sample of Canadian women, analyses show Aboriginal women to have a significantly higher prevalence of violence by their partner compared to nonAboriginal women. Violence against Aboriginal women is more likely at all levels of severity, with Alphabetical by title Articles M the greatest disparity on the most severe forms of violence, and appears more likely to be ongoing. Risk markers generally operate in the same direction for Aboriginal and non -aboriginals, although Aboriginal women possess greater representation on risk markers of violence, and the impact of risk markers is generally larger for Aboriginal women. Although established risk markers are helpful for understanding violence against Aboriginal women, differences between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals on risk markers do not account for Aboriginal women's significantly higher prevalence of violence. These results indirectly lend support to colonization theory. Male Partner Violence Against Women In Stepfamilies: An Analysis Of Risk And Explanations In The Canadian Milieu Brownridge, Douglas A. Violence and Victims, Vol. 19, No. 1, February 2004. Using a representative sample of 2,703 Canadian women living in either a stepfamily or a biological family, this investigation assesses the extend of women's elevated risk for violence in stepfamilies relative to biological families as well as explanations for this relationship. Male Peer Support Of Wife Abuse: An Exploratory Study Smith, Michael D. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 6, No. 4 December 1991 This study was an exploratory examination of the peer support for violence against wives thesis using quantitative and qualitative data from a survey of Toronto women. Male Perpetration Of Physical Violence Against Female Partners : The Interaction Of Dominance Needs And Attachment Insecurity Mauricio, Anne Marie and Gormley, Barbara Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 16, No. 10 October 2001 Sixty men arrested for domestic violence and court referred to a batterer intervention program completed measures of frequency of physical violence enacted toward their female partner, need for dominance in a relationship, social desirability, and adult attachment style. A hierarchial regression analysis indiacted that, after adjusting for the effect of social desirability, adult attachment style significantly moderated the relationship between need for dominanace in their relationship reported the most violence toward their female partners. These findings highlight the importance of drawing on multiple and diverse theories to explain battering. Implications of the findings for intervention and policy are addressed. Male Rape Laurent, Claire Nursing Times, Vol. 89, No. 6 1993 This short article discusses attitudes toward male rape in England, as well as prevalence, support groups, and care providers' responses. Male Rape: Men Raping Men Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 2, No. 4 March/April 1999 Discusses resources on male rape, bodily response to rape, patriarchy and homophobia's link to male rape, HIV and male rape, legal inconsistencies and male rape, and suggested intervention. Male Rape: The Impact Of A Legal Definition On The Clinical Area Rogers, Paul Medicine, Science, and the Law, Vol. 35, No. 4 October 1995 Some evidence is being reported that male rape survivors develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder following the assault. This paper discusses some of the issues surrounding male rape by focusing on the possible effects of the recent legal change on the clinical area. Male Rape: Victims Need Sensitive Management King, Michael B. British Medical Journal, Vol. 301, No. 6765 15 December 1990 This brief article discusses the reluctance to recognize the occurrence of male sexual assault and factors from which this reluctance stems. Male Roles In Families "At Risk”: The Ecology Of Child Maltreatment Lamb, Michael E. Child Maltreatment, Vol. 6, No. 4 November 2001 Research on child development has increasingly emphasized the complexity of developmental process, and this reconceptualization is reflected in recent research on the effects of child maltreatment as well. The article in this special issue illustrate the value of studying maltreatment in the context of the child's relationships, not only with their biological mothers but biological fathers and father figures as well. Ambiguitiues remain, however, suggesting that we need to know much more about the quality and longevity of the relationships between these men and both their partners and surroagte children to understand their roles and impact more fully. Male Sexual Abuse: A Review Of Effects, Abuse Characteristics, And Links With Later Psychological Functioning Romano, Elisa and De Luca, Rayleen V. Alphabetical by title Articles M Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 6, No. 1 January-February 2001 Despite the increasing awareness of sexual victimization involving males, there remain a number of factors (e.g. stigma of homosexuality, male ethic of self-reliance) that continue to contribute to the underreporting of such cases. Nonetheless, there appears to be growing recognition of male sexual abuse as a serious problem with potentially numerous debilitating consequences. The clinical and research literature presently contains a number of articles on issues pertaining to males who have experienced sexual abuse during childhood. The purpose of the present paper us to review some of the more recent literature on the short and long term effects commonly found among sexually abused males. These effects, which include depression, self-blame, low self-esteem, anger, anxiety and sexuality problems, are also compared with findings commonly reported among sexually abused females. In addtion to sexual abuse effects, the present paper also reviews a number of important sexual abuse characteristics (e.g. age of abuse onset, duarion of the abuse, nature of the sexual activity), examines the relationship of these characteristics to later psychological functioning, and explores gender similarities and differences. Finally, the implications with regard to treatment interventions are briefly discussed. Male Sexual Assault Victims: A Selective Review Of The Literature And Implications For Support Services Davies, Michelle Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 7, No. 3 May-June 2002 In recent years much has been done to publicize the plight of female rape victims. However, the sexual assault of adult males has received little attention in the research literature or by the public. This paper provides a selective review of the research into the prevalence and effects of male sexual assault victims. Research shows that the effects of sexual assault on adult males are often severe. This paper also outlines findings from experimental studies that have shown that reactions towards male sexual assault victims depend on the victim's sexual orientation and the perpetrator's gender. Finally, implications for support services are outlined. Victims of both male and female perpetrators are considered, and both gay and heterosexual victims are discussed in relation to the specific needs of these victims. The needs of transgendered victims are briefly considered, as are the needs of the sexual partners of male sexual assault victims. This paper concludes by offering some suggestions for future research. Male Student-Athletes And Violence Against Women: A Survey Of Campus Judicial Affairs Offices Crosset, Todd W and Benedict, Jeffrey R. Violence Against Women, Vol. 2, No. 2 June 1996 This article examines the relationship between collegiate athletic participation and reported violence against women at Division 1 institutions. The findings indicate an over-representation of male student -athletes in reports of violence against women (battering and sexual assault). Male Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Study And Issues For Clinical Consideration Gill, Marlyn and Tutty, Leslie M. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 7, No. 3 1999 This qualitative study explored the effects of childhood sexual abuse with 10 adult male survivors. The men who participated in the research were largely motivated by their perception that North American society does not acknowledge the sexual abuse of boys. Males, "Masculine Honor", And Witch Hunting In Seventeenth-Century Germany Walinski-Kiehl, Robert Men and Masculinities, Vol. 6, No. 3 January 2004 This article to contribute to the emerging cultural study of early modern witchcraft by examining one particular prosecution from the Bishopric of Bamberg- a territory in Germany that experienced very intensive witch prosecutions between 1625 and 1630. The main focus of the present study is on Burgomaster Johannes Junis, a male accused in 1628 of being a demonic witch. Throughout the study, the following documents are examined for the insights they provide not only into witchcraft but also into the construction of seventeenth-century masculinity: Junius's witch trial recoreds and a letter written to his daughter while he was imprisoned. The article suggests that the concept of honor played a significant part is establishing and maintaining Junius's masculine identity. The centrality that Junius attached to his honor was emphasized by the intense and dramatic manner in which he tried to defend it after he was arrested for the "dishonorable crime of witchcraft". Malignant Memories: Effects Of A Shooting In The Workplace On School Personnel's Attitudes Schwarz, Eitan D and Kowalski, Janice M. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 8, No. 4 December 1993 Effects of a man-made disaster in the workplace on attitudes toward self, family, workplace, Alphabetical by title community, and social issues were surveyed in school personnel 16 and 18 months after a shooting and intervention to extend understanding of human response to stress. Articles considered in national incidence studies of maltreatment. M Maltreatment And Coping Strategies Among Male Adolescents Living In The Gaza Strip Thabet, Abdel Aziz Mousa Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 28., No. 1 January 2004 Objective: To establish the nature and extent of maltreatment experiences, coping strategies, and behavioral/emotional problems, and their relationships, in a sample of Palestinian adolescents. Method: A study of 97 male adolescents aged 15-19 years, and attending a vocational training center based in the Gaza Strip. Adolescents completed the Child Maltreatment Schedule and the Ways of Coping Scale (WAYS). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was completed by adolescents and by their teachers. Results: Findings revealed high rates of emotional and physical maltreatment. Reliance on emotionfocused or avoidant coping strategies was associated with exposure to maltreatment. Use of maladaptive coping also predicted emotional difficulties in the respondents. Conclusions: Coping strategies are an important indicator of psychosocial functioning in adolescents who have experienced maltreatment. Indication of coping styles can augment the assessment of atrisk adolescents. Emotion-focused strategies, in particular, appear to be widely used by young people from non -Western cultural backgrounds. Maltreatment And Disabilities: A PopulationBased Epidemiological Study Sullivan, Patrica M and Knutson, John F. Child Abuse and Neglect vol. 24 no. 10 October 2000 This article is intended to assess the prevalence of abuse and neglect among a population of children identified as a function of an existing disabilit, relate specific types of disabilities to specific types of abuse, and to determine the effect of abuse and neglect on academic achievement and attendance rates for children with and without disabilities. Analyses of the circumstances of maltreatment and the presence of disabilities established a 9% prevalence rate of maltreatment for nondisabled children and a 31% prevalence rate for the disabled children. Thus, the study established a significant association between the presence of an educationally relevant disability and maltreatment. Children with disabilities are 3.4 times more likely to be maltreated than nondisabled peers. School professionals need to be cognizant of the high base rate of maltreatment among the children they serve. Disability status needs to be Maltreatment By Parents And Peers: The Relationship Between Child Abuse, Bully Victimization, And Psychological Distress Duncan, Renae D. Child Maltreatment, Vol. 4, No.1, February 1999 In this retrospective study, 210 college freshmen completed questionnaires assessing frequency of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; childhood bully victimization by peers; and current psychological distress. Maltreatment Of Handicapped Children: A Critical Review Ammerman, Robert T and Hersen, Michel Journal of Family Violence, Vol. 3, No. 1 1988 Despite increased interest in child abuse and neglect in the past decade, little research attention has been focused on maltreatment in handicapped populations. Numerous investigations have found an overrepresentation of handicapped children in maltreated samples, and results of more recent efforts reveal a high incidence of abuse and neglect in handicapped populations. Although these data underscore the high risk for maltreatment in handicapped children, a number of important issues warrant further empirical examination. Moreover, generalizations and interpretations of findings from previous research have been obfuscated by methodological shortcomings. The present paper reviews the literature concerning abuse and neglect of handicapped children. Research strategies and issues are delineated and current problems in this field are discussed. Suggestions for directions future research might take are offered. Maltreatment Perpetrators: A 54-Month Analysis Of Recidivism Way, Ineke and Drake, Brett Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 25, No. 8 August 2001 Objective: This study compared recidivism rates for alleged maltreatment perpetrators whose initial report was substantiated and those whose initial report was not substantiated, to determine whether they returned to the child welfare system at differing rates. Method: Statewide administrative child welfare services data over a period of 4 1/2 years was analyzed. The sample included 31, 531 perpetrators of intrafamilial maltreatment. Separate analyses were conducted for each type of maltreatment (sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect). Results: Bivariate relationships (substantiation status and recidivism) were analyzed using survival curves, and the study found that recidivism patterns differed by type of maltreatment and by Alphabetical by title Articles M substantiation status at the index event. Multivariate analyses using Cox Proportional Hazards models found that bivariate relationships held true even when controlling for neighborhood mean income, ethnicity, and gender. Conclusions: The study's finding that perpetrators whose index event was not substantiated return to the child welfare system at a high rate suggests the need to learn how to discriminate those unsubstantiated alleged perpetrators who are most at risk for recidivism. The findings of frequent cross-type recidivism indicates that intervention should focus on common themes of maltreatment types. The Managed Hand: The Commercialization Of Bodies And Emotions In Korean Immigrant-Owned Nail Salons Kang, Miliann and Putnam, Frank W. Gender & Society, Vol. 17, No. 6 December 2003 Lifetime trauma histories were ascertained for females with confirmed histories of childhood sexual abuse and comparison females participating in a longitudinal, prospective study. Abused participants reported twice as many subsequent rapes or sexual assaults (p=.07), 1.6 times as many physical affronts including domestic violence (p=.01), almost four times as many incidences of self-inflicted harm (p=.002), and more than 20% more subsequent, significant lifetime traumas. (p= .04) than did comparison participants. Sexual revictimization was positively correlated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD), peritrauma dissociation, and sexual preoccupation. Physical revictimization was positively correlated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD), peritraumatic dissociation, and sexual preoccupation. Physical revictimization was positively correlated with PTSD symptoms, pathological dissociation, and sexually permissive attitudes, Self-harm was positively correlated with both peritraumatic and pathological dissociation. Competing theoretical explanations for revictimization and self-harm discussed and evaluated. Management Of Female Sexual Assault Petter, Linda M and Whitheil, David L. American Family Physician, Vol. 58, No. 4 September 1998 This article discusses medical care and examination of women who have been sexually assaulted, covering topics such as incidence/prevalence, obtaining the history of the sexual assault, physical examination, treatment, and psychological sequelae of sexual assault. Management Response To Sexual Misconduct Between Staff And Inmates Stewart, Charles H. Corrections Management Quarterly, Vol. 2, No. 2 1998 An 8-hour integrity training program was developed and conducted for all supervisory and management staff at the Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury, to discuss sexual misconduct issues between staff and inmates. Based on actual case studies, the various "costs" of sexual misconduct, the three types of sexual relationships that develop between staff and inmates, and the risk factors that lead to this type of inappropriate behavior were identified. The article discusses the particular problems in managing staff -inmate relationships in a female institution. Managing Multisite Nonprofits Grossman, Allen and Rangan, V. Kasturi Nonprofit Management & Leadership, Vol. 11, No. 3 Spring 2001 Multisite nonprofit systems are organized in a variety of ways, ranging from central control to local control. Regardless, of where a system falls along this organizational continuum, inevitable tensions emerge in the relationship between headquarters and the local organization. The purpose of this article is to understand the causes of these tensions and to offer management action that, regardless of the organizational structure, leads to greater system cohesion. Our exploration was facilitated by intense field research at five multisite systems: Outward Bound USA, Planned Parenthood, Habitat for Humanity, SOS Kinderdorf, and the Nature Conservatory. Our investigation suggests that multisite system behavior may be mapped on two dimensions-one that exerts forces toward unit autonomy and the other influencing the degree of organizational functions that are the traditional domains of management to influence and shape and thereby enable a multisite nonprofit to simultaneously optimize the benefits of organizational affiliation and unit autonomy Mandated Reporter Satisfaction With Child Protection: More Good News For Workers? Compaan, Cheryl and Levine, Murray Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 12, No. 6 December 1997 This study reports the findings from 472 completed surveys mailed to agencies and individuals representing 12 categories of mandated reporters in a western New York county. The results indicated that although the respondents were generally satisfied with child protection, those respondents whose expectations had not been met were the least satisfied. Alphabetical by title Articles youth movement struggling to create a more progressive masculinity. M Mandatory Court Review And Batterer Program Compliance Gondolf, Edward W. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 15, No. 4 April 2000 A naturalistic pre-experiment/post-experiment was conducted to examine the impact of periodic court review on compliance to 12 weeks of courtreferred batterer counseling. Mandatory Notification Training For Suspected Child Abuse And Neglect In South Australian Schools Hawkins, Russell Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 25, No. 12 December 2001 Objective: the present study provides the first empirical investigation of the South Australian Education Department Mandated Notification Training program. This program, which has been available since 1989, was developed to prepare educators and other mandated reporters to fulfill their reporting obligations for suspected child abuse and neglect. The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether Mandated Notification Training achieved its stated aims. Method: A three-sample independent groups design was used. A survey was reported to by 41 teachers and school personnel who had recently completed training, 31 people who had no completed the training, and 73 people who has completed training some years previously. Results: The training program increased participants' confidence in their ability to recognize the indicators of abuse, their awareness of their reporting responsibilities, their knowledge of what constitutes reasonable grounds for reporting, and how to respond appropriately to a child's disclosure of abuse. Training also increased participants' acceptance of the incidence and seriousness of child abuse. Conclusions: The South Australian Education Department Mandated Training is successful in achieving its stated aims. For some teachers, there is clearly a mismatch between the level of evidence required by law for reporting to occur and the level teachers expect to satisfy their own personal need for confidence in initiating the serious step of a child abuse report. This mismatch remains after training and probably contributes to the significant occurrence of nonreporting or discretionary reporting reported in the literature. Manhood In Contradiction: The Two Faces Of Straight Edge Haenfler, Ross Men and Masculinities, Vol. 7, No. 1 July 2004 This article examines the contradictory nature of the straight edge movement, a male-dominated The Manly Working Man : Nineteenth-Century Manhood And The Challenge Of The Knights Of Labor. Hallgrimsdottir, Helga Kristin and Adams, Tracey L. Men and Masculinities, Vol. 6, No. 3 January 2004 This article explores hegemonic and counter hegemonic ideas of masculinity as seen through the political campaigns and programmatic appeals of the Knights of Labor (KOL) in Ontario, 1882 to 1890. The KOL was a movement that sought to unite the working class in opposition to the exploitation of elites. Central to the KOL's opposition was the creation of a counter hegemonic ideal of manhood. For the KOL, the denial of their rights as workers and citizens was intertwined with hegemonic conception that portrayed working men as manly and members of unproductive elites as unmanly was, therefore, a central element in the KOL program of opposition. The KOL's construction of a counter hegemonic ideal is illustrative of the significance of masculinity, and gender more broadly, to social movements and social debate. Mapping A Global Labor Market: Gender And Skill In The Globalizing Garment Industry Collins, Jane L. Gender & Society, Vol. 16, No. 6 December 2002 This article examines the ways that managers in a rapidly globalizing industry use gendered discourses of skill to justify and frame their search for inexperienced workers in low-wage regions, using a case of a U.S.-based apparel firm that relocated and subcontracted its sewing operations in the 1990s. Its uses feminist theory to examine manager's claims that women's sewing skills in the United States was disappearing and that they needed to seek out these skills in parts of the world where women were not yet active participants in labor markets. Feminist researchers have long understood the ways that naturalization of skill cheapens women's labor. The case presented here highlights the way in which the portrayal of certain skills as naturally occurring resources justifies the movement of capital in search of new pools of workers without labor market experience or union presentation. The Marginalization Of Intimate Friendship Between Women Within The Context Of Therapy Flemke, Kimberly R. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, Vol. 13, No. 1 2001 Alphabetical by title Articles abreast of and be knowledgeable about the psychological repercussions of marital rape. M The purpose of this paper is to explore intimate friendship between women and to examine how it is marginalized within the context of systemic therapy. I argue that the field of marriage and family therapy is a microcosm of societal norms, as patriarchal and heterosexist notions continue to inform clinical perceptions of intimacy. The narrowly defined relational categories of marriage and family therapy will be considered and critiqued. To understand the dynamics that perpetuate this oppression of women, a historical perspective will be employed to provide a context for current friendship patterns. Mapping Child Molester Treatment Progress With The Food: Denial And Explanations Of Accountability Wright, Robert C and Schneider, Sandra L. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, Vol. 16, No. 2, April 2004 This article discusses the Facets of Sexual Offender Denial (FoSOD) which is used to monitor the treatmentment progress of sexual offenders. Marital Power And Aggression In A Community Sample Of Hong Kong Chinese Families Tang, Catherine So-Kum Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 14, No. 6 June 1999 This study aimed to explore the pattern of marital power distribution and its association with marital aggression and satisfaction in contemporary Chinese families. A randomized community sample of 1,270 married Chinese who were 18 years or older and who resided in Hong Kong were telephone interviewed. Approximately half of the respondents reported having egalitarian relationships with their partners regarding decision making. Verbal and physical aggression was less prevalent in egalitarian marriages. Marital Power, Conflict, And Violence In A Nationally Representative Sample Of American Couples Coleman, Diane H and Straus, Murray A. Violence and Victims, Vol. 1, No. 2 Summer 1986 Data on a nationally representative sample of 2,143 couples are used to study the relationship to marital violence of the power structure of marriage, power norm consensus, and the level of marital conflict. Marital Rape Nair, Margaret SAMJ, Vol. 87, No. 4 April 1997 The author argues that in order to practice proper holistic medicine responsible doctors must keep Marital Rape: A Student Assessment Of Rape Laws And The Marital Exemption Kirkwood, Mary Kay and Cecil, Dawn K. Violence Against Women, Vol. 7, No. 11 November 2001 Opinions on marital rape and rape in other-victimoffender relationships are examined in this study. A survey was given to undergraduate students in which participants evaluated various hypothetical situations to determine what constitutes the crime of rape and what factors should be considered when sentencing for this crime. Among the student population surveyed, findings suggest that there are still people who believe it is acceptable to rape one's wife, with significant differences found by gender. Finally, when compared to other victim-offender relationships, rape in the marital relationship was considered to be the least serious. Marital Violence Victimization And Perpetration Among Women Substance Abusers Stuart, Gregory L and Recupero, Patricia Ryan Violence Against Women, Vol. 8, No. 8 August 2002 This study reports descriptive data assessing the impact of an intensive outpatient treatment for alcohol dependence on alcohol use, marital violence, psychological abuse, and marital satisfaction among 10 heterosexual female patients and their partners. Patients received 5 to 6 days of substance abuse treatment in a partial hospital program. Patient and partner assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 month follow-up, and 12 month follow-up. Results revealed decreased alcohol use in female patients as well as declines in the prevalence and frequency of husband to wife marital violence over time. Men evidenced no changes in their psychological abuse or marital satisfaction. Results also showed decreases in the prevalence and frequency of wife-to-husband violence and psychological abuse. Female patients reported no changes in their marital satisfaction. Overall, the study suggests that marital violence victimization and perpetration by female patients and their partners declined following the females' substance abuse treatment. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Marketing Planned Giving: "If You Don't Know Where You're Going, Any Way Will Do!" Schmeling, David Grassroots Fundraising Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1 February 1999 This article discusses for what you want your planned giving program to do and how to market it. Alphabetical by title Marketing Murderabilia Kahan, Andy The Crime Victims Report, Vol. 4, No. 6 This article discusses the sale of "memorabilia" from convicted serial killers. Articles M Marking Bodies, Reproducing Violence: A Feminist Reading Of Female Infanticide In South India Hegde, Radha S. Violence Against Women, Vol. 5, No. 5 May 1999 This article situates the violent tragedy of female infanticide in south India within the everyday struggles of women in two rural communities. The narratives of women reveal the extent to which violence against women is routinized and accepted. The author argues that the death of newborn girls represents the systemic oppression that surrounds women's lives in these regions of south India. Marriage, Child Abuse, And Sexual Revictimization Arata, Catalina M and Lindman, Linda Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 9 September 2002 The purpose of this study was to identify childhood history and personality variables that may serve as vulnerability factors for sexual victimization. Three hundred forty-one undergraduate females completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Family of Origin Scale, Silencing the Self Scale, Sexual Experiences Survey, and a dating behaviors inventory. Different rates of revictimization were found for women who were currently or had ever been married, even when controlling for age differences. Multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between revictimization, demographics, child maltreatment, personality, and behavioral variables. For the whole sample, child physical abuse, dating behaviors, marital status (ever married) and age (younger) were related to revictimization. When separate models were developed for single versus ever -married participants, different variables emerged as predictors for ever -married versus single women. The results have implications for research, treatment, and prevention of sexual revictimization. Martha's Story Watkins, Gwen Victimization of the Elderly and Disabled, Vol. 6, No. 3, September/October 2003. Martyrs, And Men : Conceptualizing Masculinity In The Islamic Republic Of Iran Gerami, Shahin. Mullahs Men and Masculinities, Vol. 5,No. 3 January 2003 (From abstract) A core component of the Islamic Revolution's ideology was reformulation of gender discourse wrapped around an Islamic hypermasculinity. Attention has been focused on women's roles and rights in the Islamic Republic, and men are assumed to universally have benefited from the regime's policies. This hypermasculinity of the Republic has revised prerevolutionary ideals promoting new ideals of manhood. Mullahs are the sage interpreters of the Qur'an and Shari'at. The young men who bide the dictated of the Mullahs and sacrifice themselves for the Republic are martyrs. Then there are the ordinary men. The Shari'at favors them at the family and civil society, but such a blanket vision ignores the costs paid by all men depending on their social class. High employment, inflation, oppression, and rampant drug abuse assail all men. They all pay for gender discrimination against all women in general and women of their social group in particular. Masculine Gender Role Stress And Men's Fear Of Emotions As Predictors Of SelfReported Aggression And Violence Jakupcak, Matthew Violence and Victims, Vol. 18, No. 5 October 2003 To test the hypothesis that relationship violence may be related to men's fear of emotions, a secondary data analysis examined a sample of 155 male students attending an Eastern urban university. Mass Media And Disclosures Of Child Abuse In The Perspective Of Secondary Prevention : Putting Ideas Into Practice Hoefnagels, Cees and Mudde, Aart Child Abuse and Neglect August 2000 From a theoretical and practical point of view, it is worthwhile to utilize the full potential of prevention of child abuse. However the prevention strategies in the field of child abuse were generally limited to prevention by means of interpersonal communications. This paper seeks to address this lacuna. A case study is presented by describing and analyzing the organization of program development of a Dutch mass-media intervention aimed at the enhancement of disclosure of abuse of 8-15 year old children including physical, sexual and emotional abuse. In the developmental process, several shortcomings are noticed with respect to problem analysis, goal setting and the assessment of unplanned effects. Critical comments are made on the intervention density and the input and output of financial and human resources. Contrary to most preventative interventions, the described intervention could interrupt between the dependency of the abused child on the Alphabetical by title perpetrator and communicate with children directly. In a field which is in need of more effective prevention strategies, the program described may serve as an example of an ecological approach, which goes beyond the micro system, extending our potential in preventing ongoing abuse. Articles M Massachusetts' Anti-SLAPP Statute Used To Dismiss Abuser's Retaliatory Litigation Murphy, Wendy J. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1 No. 1 September/October 1997 This article looks at how sex offenders and batterers often file retaliatory litigation against their victims as a way to manipulate, control, punish, intimidate, and harass them. Massachusetts' Highest Court Uphold Original Amirault Lefave Conviction Murphy, Wendy Sexual Assault Report Vol. 3 No. 2 November/December 1999 Massachusetts' highest court upholds doctor's conviction. Kingston, NJ: Sexual Assault Report Vol. 2 No. 3, January/February 1999 Materials On Campus Violent Crime Sexual Assault Report Vol. 3 No. 4 March/April 2000 This article explores the book, "Violence on Campus: Defining the Problems, Strategies For Action" by Allan M. Hoffman. Maternal Behaviors Associates With Smothering: A Preliminary Descriptive Study Adshead, Gwen and Southall, David Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 24, No. 9 September 2000 The purpose of this study was to describe maternal behavior in 15 women identified as having smothered their children. Methodology consisted of a descriptive study of maternal behavior and interaction with her child using videotapes of mother and child together. These were obtained by covert video surveillance in a hospital setting. Maternal behavior was rating using an assessment schedule designed to be used with video. The mothers showed a range of behaviors. Three groups emerged: one whose interactions with the child resembled normal maternal behavior, a second who interacted in a hostile way and a third who showed a paucity of interaction. These preliminary data suggested that smothering may reflect more than one type of abnormal maternal relationship or attitude towards children. This may have implications for treatment and prognosis. Maternal Factors Associated With Sexually Abused Children's Psychosocial Adjustment Deblinger, Esther and Lippmann, Julie Thousand Oaks, CA: Child Maltreatment Vol. 4, No.1 February 1999 The potential influence of maternal adjustment and parenting style on children's psychological adjustment following sexual abuse was examined. Maternal Infanticides In Fiji Adinkrah, Mensah Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 24, No. 12 December 2000 The article examines 16 infanticide homicides that occurred in Fiji over an 11-year period. The results are compared with infanticide studies conducted in other societies. The findings show that most infanticide defendants were young, poor, Fijian with little formal education, living with nonparental kin at the time of the crime. The infanticides were precipitated by unwanted pregnancies brought on by nonmarital and extramarital sex. The findings of the article are that the patterns of maternal infant killings are congruous in many significant ways with those in advanced industrialized societies. Maternal Knowledge About Children's School Performance: Comparisons Between Mothers Of Maltreated And Nonmaltreated Children Kinard, Milling E. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 16, No. 3 March 2001 When mothers of maltreated children were compared with mothers of nonmaltreated children regarding the extent of agreements between their assessments of their children's school performance and school records. there was substantial agreement for both groups. However, discrepancies were more common in the maltreatment group than in the nonmaltreatment group, particularly for subject grades, and these discrepancies were generally in the direction of mothers underestimating rather than overestimating their children. Maternal Protectiveness Following The Disclosure Of Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse Heriot, Jessica Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 11, No. 2 June 1996 This study is concerned with what proportion of mothers act protectively following the disclosure of child sexual abuse and what factors are associated with maternal nonprotectiveness. Alphabetical by title Articles M Maternal Teaching Talk Within Families Of Mexican Descent:Influences Of Task And Socioeconomic Status Eisenberg, Ann R. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 24, No. May 2002 This study examined the influences of socioeconomic status (SES) and task on teaching interactions between mothers and children of Mexican descent. Twenty middleclass and 20 working class-mothers and their 4year-old children were audio taped during interaction in a school-type construction task (block building) and a homelike construction task (baking biscuits). There were significant effects of task and SES both mothers' and children's behavior. Mothers asked more questions during block building but discussed more complex concepts in baking than in block building. Middleclass mothers discussed more complex concepts than did working class mothers, but working class children were more directive and asked more questions than did middle -class children. The results suggest that future studies of parent-child conversation within families of Mexican descent should consider children's contributions to the learning environment and should examine interaction in a greater variety of tasks. Maternal Variables Related To Sexually Abused Children's Functioning Paredes, Margarita and Kilbane Teresa. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 25, No. 9 September 2001 Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore how mothers' developmental history and current functioning affects their sexually abused children's functioning and recovery. Method: A sample of 67 African -American mothers and their sexually abused children participated in this study. Interviews and a range of adult and child measures were administrated in order to assess maternal developmental history and current functioning, and child functioning. Results: Mothers' part experiences as children were associated with their children's behavior and general functioning following the sexual abuse. Mothers who experience more discontinuity of origin had children who showed poorer functioning and more behavioral symptomatology. In addition, mothers who currently were experiencing more trauma symptomatology, reported substance abuse, and/or were less able to provide support to their children, had children with more behavior problems and poorer functioning. Conclusions: The findings from this study point to the impact of mothers' developmental history and current functioning upon the symptomatology of their sexually abused children. Measures Of Aggressive Behavior: Overview Of Clinical And Research Instruments Suris, Alina and Barratt, Ernest S. Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 9, No. 2 March-April 2004 This overview of current aggressive measures is offered as an aid for selection of task-appropriate instruments to meet the needs of both clinicians and researchers. The article provides a general overview of selected aggression instruments and is intended to provide readers with information, such as intended purpose of the instrument, general descriptive information, characteristics of the samples used, and psychometric properties, to assist in identifying instruments that may best suit their clinical and/or research needs. It is also offered as a tool to assist clinicians in selecting such measurement instruments for use in their practice and in understanding results of research studies. Selected instruments have also been categorized to differentiate between those that reflect state or trait characteristics and based on method of administration. Measures were included or not included in this article primarily based on frequency of usage in research and/or clinical settings and potential clinical utility. The Measure Of Wife Abuse: Steps Toward The Development Of A Comprehensive Assessment Technique Rodenburg, Frances A and Fantuzzo, John W. Journal of Family Violence, Vol. 8, No. 3 1993 The measure of Wife Abuse (MWA) was developed to improve on previously developed instruments, mainly by using empirical methods of construction. The purpose of this study was to determine the factor structure of the MWA items, and to assess its reliability and validity. Measurement Issues In Surveys Of Giving And Volunteering And Strategies Applied In The Design Of Canada's National Survey Of Giving, Volunteering And Participating Hall, Michael H. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 3 September 2001 Despite the frequent use of surveys to study charitable giving and volunteering, little is known about the quality of the data collected. This article discusses the challenges associated with designing giving and volunteering surveys, suggests strategies for improving measures of giving and volunteering, and shows how they were applied in the design of Canada's 1997 National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating Measuring Emotional Abuse In Dating Relationships As A Multifactorial Construct. Murphy, Christopher M and Hoover, Sharon A Alphabetical by title Articles M Violence and Victims, Vol. 14, No. 1 Spring 1999 Initial explanations of a multifactorial approach to the measurement of emotional abuse in dating relationships are presented. A set of 54 items was generated to assess 4 rationally derived subscales measuring Restrictive Engulfment, Hostile Withdrawal, Denigration, and Dominance/Intimidation. An exploratory factor analysis on reports of partner behavior by 157 female undergraduate students in dating relationships provided support for the hypothesized subscales. Denigration and Dominance/Intimidation had consistently higher correlations with physical aggression than did the other two forms of emotional abuse. The results support the assessment of emotional abuse in dating relationships as a multifactorial construct. Measuring Physical Violence In Male SameSex Relationships An Item Response Theory Analysis Of The Conflict Tactics Scales Regan, Katherine V. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 3 March 2002 Previous research has not established whether standard violence measures are appropriate for assessing violence in same-sex relationships. This study, therefore, evaluated the structure of an expanded version of the physical violence scale of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS) in a sample of randomly selected gay and bisexual men. In total, 284 gay and bisexual men reported on perpetration and receipt of 14 violent acts in their same sex relationships, both at any time in the past and during the past 12 months. Item response theory analyses indicated that the violence items were unidimensional for receipt ever in the past and for perpetration both ever in the past and in the past 12 months. The items were dispersed along the underlying violence continuum, from lower to higher severity of violence, and discriminated well in this range. We discuss implications for scoring the CTS. Measuring Reactions To Sexual Trauma Among Children: Comparing The Children's Impact Of Traumatic Events Scale And The Trauma Symptom Checklist For Children Crouch, Julie L and Saunders, Benjamin E. Child Maltreatment, Vol. 4, No.3 August 1999 This study examined convergent and discriminant validity between the Children's Impact of Traumatic Events Scale-revised and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children in a sample of 80 sexually abused children. Measuring Sexual Aggression: The Reliability Of The Sexual Experiences Survey In A German Sample Krahe, Barbara and Fritsche, Immo Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 14, No. 1 January 1999 This study examined the reliability of a German version of the Sexual Experiences Survey using a retest design. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the ability to detect sexual aggression and victimization. Measuring Sexual Harassment: Development And Validation Of The Sexual Harassment Inventory Murdoch, Maureen and McGovern, Paul G. Violence and Victims, Vol. 13, No. 3 Fall 1998 This article describes the development and initial validation results of a survey tool, the Sexual Harassment Inventory, that may help clarify understanding of the natural history and health costs of sexual harassment. Measuring Spousal Violence With The Conflict Tactics Scale: Notes On Reliability And Validity Issues Schafer, John Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 11, No. 4 December 1996 The violence scale of the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) is a widely used instrument in the field of spousal violence research. However, a number of criticisms have been raised about measuring spousal violence with the CTS, and this article discusses aspects of these issues and illustrates several points with data analysis. Measuring The Lifetime Experience Of Domestic Violence: Application Of The Life History Calendar Method Yoshihama, Mieko and Gillepsie, Brenda Violence and Victims, Vol. 17, No. 3 June 2002 In the absence of a "gold standard", research on domestic violence relies primarily on self-report, the quality of which is known to decline as the length of the recall period increases. Eliciting valid and reliable self -report data is crucial to the development of prevention and intervention policies and services. Nevertheless, existing measures typically do no incorporate devices to facilitate respondents' recall of the lifetime experience of domestic violence. This article describes the application of the Life History Calendar (LHC) method (Freedman, Thorton, Camburn, ALwin & Young-DeMarco, 1988) to increase a respondents' recall of domestic violence victimization over the life course. The LHC method elicits memorable information of a personal nature (e.g. children's birth dates) and uses this information to facilitate the recall of less memorable events. A recent field test of this LHC measure indicates its utility in assessing domestic violence victimization, which takes place in a complex sequence of episodes and Alphabetical by title often involves multiple perpetrators over the life course. Articles M properties of those questions or instruments that have measured exposure to child sexual abuse directly. A Mediational Model Relating Sociotropy, Ambivalence Over Emotional Expression, And Disordered Eating Krause, Elizabeth Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 4 December 2000 Two factors that have been found to predict eating disorders are sociotropy or dependent personality style and ambivalence over emotional expression, but there has been little consideration of the relationship between them and how this relationship may contribute to an understanding of eating disorders. A mediation model is proposed in which high sociotropy leads to greater ambivalence over expressing emotions, which in turn increases vulnerability to eating disorders. Consistent with predictions, among 115 college women, a high level of sociotropy was associated with eating. Furthermore, ambivalence over emotional expression significantly mediated the effect of sociotropy on disordered eating, even when controlling for depression level. Findings are considered within a developmental framework, and treatment implications are discussed. Mediators Of The Gender Difference In Rumination Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan and Jackson, Benita Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 1 March 2001 Rumination is engaging in a passive focus on one's symptoms of distress and on the possible causes and consequences of these symptoms. Women are more likely than men to engage in rumination. This study examined whether gender differences in the following beliefs would mediate the gender difference in rumination: the controllability of emotions, the appropriateness of rumination as a coping strategy, responsibility for the emotional tone of relationships, and mastery over negative events. The sample was 740 community-dwelling adults between 25 and 75 years of age, who completed a survey by mail. The combination of beliefs about control of emotions, responsibility for the emotional toll of relationships, and mastery over negative events fully mediated the gender differences in distress, emotional expressively, and the tendency to give socially desirable answers were not supported. Medical And Legal Aspects Of Rape And Resistance Mantese, Gerard and Essique, Christine The Journal of Legal Medicine, Vol. 12, No. 1 March 1991 The authors propose a greater sensitivity and attention on the part of society to the problem of Measuring Workplace Bullying Cowie, Helen and Pereira, Beatriz Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 7, No 1 January/February 2002 . Workplace bullying is increasingly being recognized as a serious problem in society today; it is also a problem that can be difficult to define and evaluate accurately. Research in this area has been hampered by lack of appropriate measurement techniques. Social scientists can play a key part in tackling the phenomenon of workplace bullying by developing and applying a range of research methods to capture its nature and incidence in a range of contexts. We review current methods of research into the phenomenon of bullying in the workplace. We examine definitional issues, including the type, frequency, and duration of bullying acts, and consider the role of values and norms of the workplace culture in influencing perception and measurement of bullying behavior. We distinguish methods that focus on: (a) inside perspectives on its experience of bullying (including questionnaires and surveys, self-report through diary keeping, personal accounts through interviews, focus groups and critical incident technique, and projective techniques such as bubble dialogue); (b) outside perspectives (including observational methods and peer nominations); (c) multi-method approaches that integrate both inside and outside perspectives (including case studies). We suggest that multimethod approaches may offer a useful way forward for researchers and for practitioners anxious to assess and tackle the problem of bullying in their organizations. Measurement Of Three Major Subtypes Of Child Neglect Dubowitz, Howard and Black, Maureen M. Child Maltreatment, Vol. 9, No. 4 November 2004 This study examines the relationships among three major subtypes of neglect (physical, psychological, and environmental), a summary measure of neglect, and neglect as defined by Child Protective Services( CPS). Measuring Child Sexual Abuse In Children And Youth Walsh, Christine and Trocme, Nico Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 13, No. 1 2004 Asking children and adolescents directly about their experience of sexual victimization overcomes some of the methodological weakness inherent in other approaches. Yet, complex legal, ethical and methodological issues remain. This paper reviews the psychometric Alphabetical by title rape. Accordingly, this article addresses the magnitude of rape in terms of numbers of assaults, the effects of rape on victims, insensitivities of the criminal justice system, possible societal and individual responses to rape, and related issues. Articles M Medical Students' Attitudes About Female Rape Victims Best, Connie L and Kilpatrick, Dean G. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 7, No. 2 June 1992 The goal of this investigation was to examine the extent to which assault and participant characteristics influence medical students' attitudes toward rape and nonsexual assault victims. Medicolegal Response To Violence Against Women In India Prasad, Shally Violence Against Women, Vol. 5, No. 5 May 1999 This article examines women's experiences in India with health and legal interventions that address domestic violence, dowry-related violence, and rape. By examining the experiences of survivors of abuse with the medicolegal system in New Delhi, it considers the extent to which women are able to access their legal rights within the special protection system constructed specifically for them. The Memorandum Of Good Practice: Theory Versus Application Sternberg, Kathleen J and Davies, Graham M. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol. 25, No. 5 May 2001 The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of investigative interviews in England and Wales since implementation of the Memorandum of Good Practice (MOGP), which specified how forensic interviews of alleged child abuse victims should be conducted. Like their counterparts in the United States, Israel, and Sweden, forensic interviewers in England and Wales relied heavily on option-posing prompts, seldom using openended utterances to elicit information from the children. The authors conclude that despite the clarity and specificity of the MOGP, its implementation appears to have had less effect on the practices of forensic interviewers in the field than was hoped. Memories Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Loftus, Elizabeth F and Fullilove, Mindy Thompson Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 18 1994 Women involved in out-patient treatment for substance abuse were interviewed to examine their recollections of childhood sexual abuse. Overall, 54% if the 105 women reported a history of childhood sexual abuse. Of these, the majority (81%) remembered all or part of the abuse their whole lives; 19% reported they forgot the abuse for a period of time, and later the memory returned. Women who remembered the abuse their whole lives reported a clearer memory, with a more detailed picture. They also reported greater intensity of feelings at the time the abuse happened. Women who remembered the abuse their whole lives did not differ from others in terms of the violence of the abuse or whether the violence was incestuous. These data bear on current discussions concerning the extent to which repression is a common way of coping with childhood sexual abuse trauma, and also bear on some widely held beliefs about the correlates of repression. A Memory: One Of Many/ 1993: Our Last Meeting/ Genesis Of A Pyro Pruss, Ingrid Violence Against Women, Vol. 6, No. 4 April 2000 Three poems written by an incest survivor included in the journal Violence Against Women. Men In Transition Sorensen, Bo Wagner Violence Against Women, Vol. 7, No. 7 July 2001 Violence against women in Greenland tends to be perceived and explained within a discourse that emphasizes the rapid social change that has occurred since the 1950's. This means that this phenomenon is usually seen as one of many social problems that spring from a society out of balance, caught between tradition and modernity. This article questions the dominant discourse, arguing that rapid special change does not in itself account for men's violence against women and that we need to focus on social agency. It is also suggested that the Arctic tradition could profit from engaging the general body of literature on violence against women. Men Who Batter And Their Children: An Integrated Review Guille, Lara Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 9, No. 2 March-April 2004 The father-child relationship has received relatively little attention in the research on domestically violent families. Certain methodological, theoretical, and clinical issues make this make this a particularly difficult area study. This review integrates three areas of the literature that have so far remained divided: the literature on fathering, men who batter, and the effect of witnessing violence on children. It underscores the importance of men who batter as an important point of investigation and intervention in an effort to stop the Alphabetical by title Articles M intergenerational transmission of domestic violence. This integrated review intends to inform the child development and fathering literature and open possibilities for new areas of study in the domestic violence research. Men Who Use Violence: Intimate Violence Versus Non-Intimate Violence Profiles Lawson, David M and Cool, Angela Violence and Victims, Vol. 18, No. 3 June 2003 The current study examined the differences between three types of violent men based on Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart's (1994) triparite typology and a group of non-intimate violent men. First, a cluster analysis was conducted on a sample of 91 domestically violent men, resulting in three clusters that approximated the tripartie model for psychopathology as measured by the MMPI -2, that is, non-pathological, borderline/dysphoric, and antisocial. Based on the violence variables (i.e., severity of violence, and exposure to family of origin violence) only severity of violence approximate frequencies/percentages of occurrence that would be expected for individual typologies with some but not all three typologies. In comparing the three intimate violent typologies to the nonintimate violent group, the non -intimate and nonpathological groups were within normal limits and did not differ significantly on any of the MMPI-2 scales. These non-intimate and non -pathological groups differed significantly from the antisocial and borderline/dysphoric groups on all the scales that defined the psychopathology of these two groups. On the violence variables, the non intimate groups reported significantly less severe violence than the borderline/dysphoric and antisocial groups. Men's And Women's Use Of Intimate Partner Violence In Clinical Samples Hamberger, L. Kevin and Guse, Clare E. Violence Against Women, Vol. 8, No. 11 November 2002 Experiences and impact of intimate partner violence on men and women court ordered to attend abuse abatement counseling and women in a shelter were examined. Whereas courtordered men and women appeared similar in expressed violent acts, violence frequency, and injurious outcome, court ordered women initiated significantly fewer violent episodes than did men and were less likely to start the overall pattern of relationship violence. Court-ordered women were less likely than were shelter women to call police, try to escape, or acquiesce to their partner's violence. The two groups of women reported more fear, anger, and insult and less amusement when their partners were violent than did men. Court-ordered men were significantly more likely than were women to laugh at partner-initiated violence and exhibit dominating and controlling behaviors. Men's Caregiving: Gender And The Contingent Character Of Care Gerstel, Naomi and Gallagher, Sally K. Gender & Society, Vol. 15, No. 2 April 2001 . This article extends recent scholarship on masculinity by analyzing the effects of social structure, social relations, and gendered caregiving ideology on the care men give to kin and friends. To be sure, men spend significantly less time giving care than do women. However, much variation is contingent on the women in men's lives: It is primarily the characteristics of men's families (including wives' caregiving: the presence of young children, especially daughters; and the availability of siblings, especially sisters) more than employment or gendered caregiving ideology that shape the amount and kind of caregiving men provide. Our findings suggest that although men's caregiving is variable and socially patterned, it is contingent on women: Wives and daughters pull men into caregiving, while adult sisters substitute for them. Men's Sexual Aggression In Marriage: Couples' Reports Meyer, Shannon-Lee and O'Leary, K. Daniel Violence Against Women, Vol. 4, No. 4 August 1998 This study investigated husbands' sexual aggression in marriage through both spouses' reports. Men's Talk About "Women's Matters" Gender, Communication, And Contraception In Urban Mozambique Agadjanian, Victor Gender & Society, Vol. 16, No. 2 April 2002 The place of men in reproductive and contraceptive changes and the role of informal social interaction in these processes have become central themes in recent research on fertility change in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions. These two themes, however, have been treated separately in the literature, and this study bridges them by examining men's informal communication on family planning matters through a gender lens. This analysis, based on qualitative data collected in Greater Maputo, Mozambique, indicates that although men's communication on these matters is limited in comparison to women's communication, it nevertheless plays an important role in the formation of men's reproductive and contraceptive attitudes and preferences. Gender ideology emerges as a powerful delimiter of men's communication circles and of the information transmitted in those circles. The Alphabetical by title Articles M author argues that gender barrier in peer communication affect individual' perceptions of reproductive and contraceptive matters and their corresponding preferences and decisions. The Menstrual Joy Questionnaire Items Alone Can Positively Prime Reporting Of Menstrual Attitudes And Symptoms Aubeeluck, Aimee Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2002 Chrisler, Johnston, Champagne, and Preston (1994) reported that the title of the Menstrual Joy Questionnaire (MJQ) could prime participants to report positive changes on the Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire (MDQ) and greater endorsement of "menstruation as a natural event" on the Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire (MAQ). This study is a partial replication in which the questionnaire titles were removed in order to see if the MJQ items alone could replicate these priming effects. One hundred women participated: half completed the MJQ and half completed the MAQ in the first week followed by the MDQ and the MAQ second. The other half completed the MDQ and MAQ first then followed by the MJQ and MAQ. Those who completed the MJQ first scored significantly higher on the "menstruation as a natural event" subscale of the MAQ. They also scored higher on the arousal subscale of the MDQ, although this trend did not reach significance. These findings suggest that the MJQ items alone are sufficient to produce positive priming of menstruation symptom reporting. Mental Disorders In Battered Women: An Empirical Study Gleason, Walter J. Violence and Victims, Vol. 8, No. 1 Spring 1993 Prevalence of mental disorders in 62 battered women was identified. Extremely high prevalence was found for psychosexual dysfunction, major depression, post traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Mental Health Needs Of Spanish-Speaking Latinos In Southern California Kanel, Kristi Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 1 February 2002 To better understand current mental health needs of Spanish speaker people in Southern California, 268 Latinos completed questionnaires that surveyed their perceived mental health needs. In addition, 43 therapists, self-identified as serving Spanish speaking clients, completed a survey regarding their approaches in providing counseling to this population. Low skilled, working-poor, primarily monolingual Hispanics were compared with Hispanic college students to explore differences and similarities between these groups. Both groups preferred counseling approaches in which the counselor gives a lot of advice, asks a lot of questions, and focuses on current problems, especially family issues. They preferred a relationship that was professional and personal and preferred counseling more than medication to deal with emotional problems. These preferences corresponded with the therapists who stated that they develop a friendly but professional relationship. The therapists also stated that the treatment models most often used were cognitive behavioral Mental Retardation Compounds Rape Trauma Burgess, Ann Wolbert Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1, No. 5 May/June 1998 People with mental retardation experience sexual abuse in the same settings as most other victims-at home, school, and work. However, their statements of abuse may be easier to discredit and their psychological distress from the assault may be harder to document due to their limited communication skills. Two separate cases of civil litigation involving mentally retarded persons are provided in this article. The Mentoring Process For Feminist Therapists: One Trainee's Perspective Rader, Jill Women & Therapy, Vol. 23, No., 2 2001 Empirical research and personal narratives highlight the important role of mentorship in the training of feminist scholars and therapists. This article explores what we know of feminist scholars and therapists. This article explores what we know (and don't know) about feminist mentoring, particularly as it relates to the practice of feminist therapy. A personal narrative of one trainee's experience of mentoring in her development as a feminist therapist follows. This article concludes with suggestions for other feminist therapy trainees. Methlphenidate And Attributions In Boys With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Pelham, William E and Gnagy, Elizabeth M. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 60, No. 2 April 1992 In experiment 1, 28 attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) boys underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled medication assessment in a summer day-treatment program. Daily, boys were asked questions to assess their attributions for and evaluations of their behavior. Objective measures showed improved behavior with meylphenidate; however, boys tended to attribute Alphabetical by title Articles M their performance to effort rather than to medication, particularly when medicated. Experiment 2 involved 38 ADHD boys the following summer and replicated the procedures in Experiment 1, with the addition of a no-pill condition and a comparison of attributions for success and failure outcomes. Simply taking a pill (no-pill vs. placebo comparison) did not show significant effects, whereas the results of Experiment 1 were replicated with placebomethylphenidate comparisons. Across drug conditions a self-enhancing attributional pattern was obtained; the majority of attributions for success were ability or effort, whereas attributions for failure were to the pill or counselors. A Methodological Comparison Of Giving Surveys: Indiana As A Test Case Rooney, Patrick M and Schervish, Paul G. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 3 September 2001 Every 4 years, the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University conducts a telephone survey (called Indiana Gives) of the giving and volunteering behaviors of Indiana citizens. In preparing to conduct Indiana Gives for 2000, a larger methodological question was asked: How much does survey methodology matter in generating accurate measures of giving and volunteering? In this most recent wave of the Indiana survey, conducted in October and November 2000, eight groups of approximately 100 randomly selected Indiana residents were asked to complete one of eight surveys related to giving and volunteering. It was found that the longer the module and the more detailed the prompts, the more likely a household was to recall making any charitable contribution and the higher the average level of its giving. These differences persisted even after controlling for differences in age, educational attainment, income, household status, race and gender. Methodological Implications Of Grouping Latino Adolescents Into One Collective Ethnic Group Umana-Taylor, Adriana J and Fine, Mark A. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 4 November 2001 This study examined the methodological appropriateness of categorizing Latinos as a homogenous population when assessing ethnic identity, self -esteem, emotional autonomy, and familial ethnic socialization. Reliability coefficients of Phiney's Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (SES). Steinberg and Silverberg's Emotional Autonomy Measure, and Umana-Taylor's Familial Ethnic Socialization Measure (FESM) were compared among Columbian, Guatamalan, Hondoran, Mexican, Nicaraguan, Puerto Rican, and Salvadoran adolescents (N= 1, 176) living in the United States. The measures demonstrated moderate to strong coefficients for certain Latino populations but considerably lower coefficients for other Latino groups. Furthermore, the concurrent validity of the MEIM and FESM varied across Latino groups. Nationality, immigration history and generalization status are discussed as possible reasons for the divergent findings among groups. These findings call into question the grouping of Latino nationals into one homogenous population and have implications for researchers who study pan-ethnic populations ( i.e., Latinos, Asians). Methodological Issues In Cross-Cultural Large-Survey Research On Violence Gartner, Rosemary Violence and Victims, Vol. 8, No. 3 Fall 1993 Researchers concur on the importance of a cross-cultural perspective for understanding and preventing violence, but not on the particular analytic strategy that should inform such a perspective. This paper examines the actual and potential contributions of one of the dominant analytic strategies in cross-cultural research on violence. Methodological Issues In The Study Of Sexual Abuse Effects Briere, John Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology Vol. 60, No. 2 April 1992 Despite its relative infancy, child abuse research has provided a substantial literature on the psychological sequelae of sexual molestation. These findings have been helpful in informing social policy and guiding mental health practice. Because of the recency of interest in this area, however, as well as the costs and time investment associated with more rigorous longitudinal research, many of these studies have used correlational designs and retrospective reports of abuse. The implications of this methodology are outlined, are remedies are suggested where possible. The Methods And Metrics Of The Boston Area Diary Study Havens, John J and Schervish, Paul G. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 3 September 2001 The authors discuss the conceptual framework, methods, and findings of the Boston Area Diary Study (BADS) to provide insights into the problems and prospects of survey research on philanthropy. First, the conceptual foundations Alphabetical by title Articles M and the operationalization of the variables are discussed. Next, the research design and methodology are described, and the findings are briefly summarized. Next, two validity measures are presented: a comparison of the BADS results with those subsequently obtained by the Gallup Organization from interviews with the same participants and a study of possible Hawthorne effects produced by repeated interviewing. Next, some specific recommendations are made for the operationalization and measurement of giving and volunteering and for improvements to field procedures. In the conclusion, the authors reflect on the implications of careful research methodology for an adequate assessment of the range and level of care in society. Methods Of Filicide: Stepparents And Genetic Parents Kill Differently Weekes-Shackelford, Vivianna A and Shackelford, Todd K. Violence and Victims, Vol. 19, No. 1 February 2004 This study examines whether stepparents commit filicide at higher rates than genetic parents. Mexican American Female Adolescent Self Esteem: The Effect Of Body Image, Exercise Behavior, And Body Fatness Guinn, Bobby and Jorgensen, Layne Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 4, November 1997 Self-esteem the evaluative manner in which one judges herself or himself forms the foundation of emotional well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of Mexican American female adolescent' self -esteem with body image, exercise behavior, and body fatness. Two hundred fifty-four subjects, ranging in age from 13 to 15 years, were drawn from a predominantly Mexican American population in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of Texas. Data were gathered through a self-report instrument consisting of self-esteem, body image, and exercise involvement scales anthropometric measures. Results indicated significant positive relationships between self-esteem and body image and exercise involvement and a significant negative relationship between self-esteem and body fatness. Body image, followed by exercise, exerted the strongest explanatory power of subjects; self-esteem, scores. Findings suggest that a degree of body distortion exists in female Mexican American adolescents. Migrant Thai Women Subjected To SlaveryLike Abuses In Japan Dinan, Kinsey Alden Violence Against Women, Vol. 8, No. 9 September 2002 Through four women's firsthand accounts, this article explores the system of coercion employed by trafficking networks to exploit Thai women's labor in the Japanese sex industry. Exorbitant "debts" - with manipulative repayment calculations and violent enforcement tactics- play a central role in this system, but the article also identifies a range of other factors that impede trafficked women's ability to protect themselves from abuse. Finally, the article highlights the strength and agency exhibited by the women as they struggle to protect themselves and support their families in the face of limited options and opportunity. The Military, Militarism, And The Militarization Of Domestic Violence Adelman, Madelaine Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 9 September 2003 This article moved beyond the discussion of domestic violence in the military to a broader accounting of the militarization of domestic violence in Israel. In contrast to the dominant civilian-military paradigm, which assumed a limit on an army's effect on society, in Israel, boundaries between the military and society are highly permeable, even ambiguous. The civilization of the army and the militarization of society in Israel render incomplete the research model domestic violence in the military. Thus, the article explores how the centrality, a pervasive ideology of militarism, and the militarization of domestic violence are discussed: causality, competition, critique and context. The article closes by reflecting on what is gained by shifting the analytical perspective from domestic violence in the military to the militarization of domestic violence. Mini-Grant Program On Substance Abuse Succeeds Beyond Expectations Brown, Nicci Campus Safety & Student Development, Vol. 3, No. 5 May/June 2002 This article discusses Syracuse University's minigrant program to integrate substance abuse prevention into course curricula. Minimizing Negative Experiences: Women's Disclosure Of Partner Abuse Dunham, Katherine and Senn, Charlene Y. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 15, No. 3 March 2000 Women who have experienced abuse in an intimate relationship often omit information about the abuse when disclosing to others. This study documented the prevalence of minimization in disclosures to friends and relatives and explored factors that might predict minimization. Minimizing The Likelihood Of Discovery Of Victims' Counseling Records And Other Alphabetical by title Articles Perry, Anne L. Sexual Assault Report Vol. 3 No. 4 March/April 2000 This article looks at cases from California, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. M Personal Information In Criminal Cases: Massachusetts Gives A Nod To A Constitutional Right To Confidentiality Murphy, Wendy J. New England Law Review, Vol. 32 1998 This article discusses the evolution of the constitutional interest for victims with regard to confidentiality, confidentiality and its constitutional parameters in light of the holding in a Massachusetts case, the need to develop procedural due process rights (and other rights) for victims when their constitutionally protected confidential interests are at stake, and other legal and public policy considerations implicated in the disclosure of confidential records. Minimizing The Likelihood Of Discovery Of Victims' Counseling Records Murphy, Wendy Sexual Assault Report Vol. 2 No. 4 March/April 1999 This informative article not only looks at how Massachusetts has treated counseling records in criminal cases, but also looks at the law and cases from the entire country on this important subject, and argues for granting the broadest protective coverage for victims. Minimizing The Pervasiveness Of Women's Personal Experiences Of Gender Discrimination Foster, Mindi and Woulfe, Shannon Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 3 September 2004 Miscellaneous Cases Around The Country Murphy, Wendy J and Wauford, Ray Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1, No. 5 May/June 1998 This article presents the outcomes of several recent sexual assault -related legal cases in the United States, and provides comments. Miscellaneous Cases Around The Country Marks, David T. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1, No. 6 July/August 1998 This article presents the outcomes of several recent sexual assault -related legal cases in the United States, and provides comments. Miscellaneous Cases Around The Country Anderson, Robert D. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 2, No. 1 September/October 1998 This article presents the outcomes of several recent sexual assault -related legal cases in the United States, and provides comments. Miscellaneous Cases From Around The Country Miscellaneous Cases From Around The Country Perry, Anne L. Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 5, No 1 September/October 2001 Notable cases reported include: military sexual harassment case involving issue of whether abuse was within the scope of employment; whether a man convicted of downloading pornography can be compelled to register as a sex offender, dependency case involving children of a man convicted of sexual abuse of another child; whether mother can sue AOL for allowing the marketing the videotape of her son's sexual assault; awarding of damages for county's negligence to mother of "Boy's Don't Cry" Brandon Teena; US Supreme court's decision to hear case involving sex offender's classification under the Sexually Violent Predator Act; case involving whether prior sex crimes an be considered when classifying offenders under Megan's Law; Freedom of information Act and convicted sex offender's rights to crime records; First Amendment case against LDS church for counseling victim to forgive and forget sex abuse. Miscellaneous Cases From The Federal Courts Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 4, No. 5 May/June 2001 Discussed: U.S. Supreme Court case upholding Sexually Violent Predator statute., Sixth Circuit case re: Constitutional challenge Michigan's stalking law., Sixth Circuit case re: fatal sexual assault in jail - Estate of inmate can recover damages from the individuals involved but not from the county., Sixth Circuit case re: recovery of damages by the estate of a woman raped and killed by truck driver - court upheld recovery against individual but not against the trucking company., Indiana case re: homeowner insurance coverage for sexual assault taking place in a daycare center. Missing Voices Patterns Of Battered Women's Satisfaction With The Criminal Legal System Fleury, Ruth E. Violence Against Women, Vol. 8, No. 2 February 2002 Many survivors of intimate partner violence turn to the criminal legal system for help in ending violence against them. An increasing amount of research has focused on how the system ought to handle these cases. But with few exceptions, the existing research has not examined survivors' Alphabetical by title Articles M satisfaction with the criminal justice system. The current research explored intimate partner violence survivors' patterns of satisfaction with the criminal legal system response. Survivors from three sites were interviewed after a domestic violence-related court case closed. Cluster analysis revealed four patterns of satisfaction with multiple components of the criminal legal system. Multinominal logistic regression used to evaluate an ecological model predicting cluster membership. Characteristics of the survivor and assailant, the criminal legal system response, and women's perceived control over this response were all related to satisfaction. Implications for improving the criminal legal system response to survivors of intimate partner violence are discussed. Mission Impossible? : Measuring Success In Nonprofit Organizations Sawhill, John C and Williamson, David Nonprofit Management & Leadership, Vol. 11, No. 3 Spring 2001 The difficulty of measuring performance in the nonprofit sector has been long recognized. This article begins with a case study detailing how one organization, The Nature Conservancy, tackled the challenge of moving beyond measuring activity to measuring mission impact. After several false starts, the Conservancy developed a model for measuring success, divided into three broad areas: impact, activity, and capacity. The article then presents data from interviews with leaders of thirty other leading nonprofits, who reveal how their organizations measure performance in these three areas. In concludes with some lessons learned about performance measurement in the nonprofit sector. Mistreatment Of Older Women In Three European Countries: Estimated Prevalence And Service Reponses Ockleford, Elizabeth and Sdogati, Claudio Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 12 December 2003 Evidence concerning the incidence and nature of abuse of the elderly comes mainly from North America. We explored the experiences of abuse of older women and caretakers in three European countries and investigated services available to abused older women. Just less than 20% of our sample of women older than age 59 had experienced some form of financial, psychological, or physical abuse. Of those mistreated, 24% reported abuse ongoing over years, and 39% reported distressing effects persisting for years. European support services are only beginning to focus on this problem, and further research is needed, and further research is needed to define the best practices. Misuses Of The Hare Psychopathy ChecklistRevised In Court : Two Case Examples Edens, John F. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 16, No. 10 October 2001 The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is widely used instrument in criminal justice settings with a considerable body of research supporting its utility in predicting violence under certain circumstances and with certain populations. However, this measure can be misused and misrepresented in legal settings. Moreover, because of the considerable implications of the "psychopathy" diagnosis in forensic contexts, misuse of this instrument could be especially damaging to the integrity of the adjudicative process. Two case examples exemplifying quite different misapplications of the PCL-Rare presented: Case 1 involved the attempted introduction of PCL-R results as an aggravating factor in the penalty phase of a capital murder trial; in Case 2, PCL-R data were used to support expert testimony that a defendant was unlikely to be a sex offender. Predictive and ethical problems associated with the use of PCL-R in these cases are reviewed, and recommendations regarding its appropriate application are offered. Mitochondrial DNA Generally Accepted As Admissible Evidence Myers, Roslyn Sex Offender Law Report, Vol. 2, No 3 April/May 2001 This article is part of an ongoing series that examines issues related to the use of DNA evidence, with a particular focus on the use of DNA database searches. MMPI Profile Subtypes Of Incarcerated Sex Offenders Against Children Shealy, Lucinda and McKee, Geoffrey Violence and Victims, Vol. 6, No. 3 Fall 1991 The present study was conducted to identify homogeneous subgroups of incarcerated sexual offenders against children on the basis of the Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI). MMPI-2 Assessment Of Differential Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Patterns In Combat Veterans And Sexual Assault Victims Kirz, Joshua, L and Schwartz, Mark, F. Journal of Interpersonal Violence July 2001 This study compared the MMPI-2 profiles and trauma-specific subscales of the MMPI-2 in groups of combat veterans and sexual assault victims. Analyses indicated a trend toward externalizing symptoms for combat veterans and internalizing symptoms for sexual assault survivors. The PS scale was found to best Alphabetical by title differentiate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cases from non-PTSD cases for the combat group, whereas the F-2-8 standard decision rule best differentiated the sexual trauma group from comparisons. The results suggest that the type of trauma a person experienced is a key variable in understanding the patient and dictates different therapeutic focuses. The results also suggest the MMPI-2 scales provide a reasonable classification of PTSD status. Articles M Mobbing And Psychological Terror At Workplaces Leymann, Heinz Violence and Victims, Vol. 5, No. 2 Summer 1990 The phenomenon of employees "ganging up" on a target employee and subjecting him or her to psychological harassment is described, its stages and consequences analyzed. A Model Collaborative Project Toward Making Domestic Centers Elder Ready Vinton, Linda Violence Against Women, Vol. 9, No. 12 December 2003 An interagency collaboration was formed in a Florida community with a high proportion of older residents to fill the gaps in services that existed for older domestic violence victims. Results of the collaboration included the creation of safe spaces both inside and outside the domestic violence shelter. Targeted outreach to older victims resulted in the local domestic violence shelter's providing more than 100 hours of crisis hotline counseling, case management for six individuals, and emergency sheltering of one older woman during a 6-month period. A plan for replication of the project was developed and disseminated. A Model For Consulting To Help Effect Change In Organizations Coates, Norman Nonprofit Management and Leadership, Vol. 8, No. 2 Winter 1997 Rapid change in an organization's environment creates barriers to needed change in strategy and culture. Managers, and the consultants who are invariably called on to assist such efforts, face difficult challenges. The author offers a new model of consulting to help guide general managers and consultants in the creation of the necessary conditions for successful management of change. A Model For Predicting Dating Violence: Anxious Attachment, Angry Temperament, And Need For Relationship Control Follingstad, Diane R and Laughlin, James E. Violence and Victims, Vol. 17, No. 1 February 2002 Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test a model incorporating anxious attachment, angry temperament, and attempts to control one's partner as predictors of the severity of dating violence. To date, these concepts have not been clearly established as having direct or indirect effects on dating violence. It was hypothesized that anxious attachment and angry temperament would influence the need for attempts to control one's partner which, in turn, would predict a person's actual use of force. College students (213 males, 199 females) completed measures assessing these constructs. Cross-validation was accomplished through using two successive freshmen samples. Statistics indicated the application of the model fit well to both samples. All specified paths were significant except for the direct path from anxious attachment to need for control in the second sample. While exploratory, this model seemed satisfactory for explaining potentially casual relationships of attachment, anger, and attempts to control one's partner leading to dating violence. A Model For Predicting Depression In Victims Of Rape Regehr, Cheryl and Bradford, John Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Vol. 26, No. 4 1998 This article proposes a model for understanding the factors contributing to longstanding depression in women who have been raped. Implications for the determination of prognosis and treatment recommendations in civil litigation assessments are discussed. A Model Of The Relapse Process In Sexual Offenders Ward, Tony and Hudson, Stephen M. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 13, No. 6 December 1998 In this article, the authors present a selfregulation model of the relapse process that addresses these problems and accounts for the diversity of relapse pathways. Modeling Work: Occupational Messages In Seventeen Magazine Massoni, Kelley Gender & Society, Vol. 18, No. 1 February 2004 How do adolescent girls envision the world of work and their potential place in it? This article considers teen magazines as a possible source for girl's perceptions about the work world, including their own career futures. The author explores the occupational landscape embedded within Seventeen magazine in 1992 in both Alphabetical by title Articles M quantitative and qualitative terms. The labor market in Seventeen-land is heavily skewed toward professional occupations, particularly in the entertainment industry. A close reading of the text reveals four primary messages about the world of work: Entertainment careers are a viable and prestigious option, men and the norm as workers, men hold the power, and fashion modeling is the pinnacle of "women's work". The author argues that Seventeen may be promulgating a distinct set of what Collins called "controlling images" directed at predominately white girls. The findings suggest gender researchers should attend to the connection between the mass media and girl culture. They also underscore the importance of teaching media literacy. Moderating Contradictions Of Feminist Philanthropy: Women's Community Organizations And The Boston Women's Fund 1995 To 2000 Ostrander, Susan A. Gender & Society, Vol. 18, No. 1 February 2004 Philanthropy is typically hierarchically constructed with an imbalance of power between finders and grantees. While this seems inherent in philanthropic relationships where funders inevitably control resources that grantees need, some women's funds have sought to construct less hierarchical and thus more feminist relationships with the organizations they support. Based on many years of insider access to a local woman's fund, this article describes and explains the organization's efforts to develop interactive dialogues with it grantees, which led to a change in grants guidelines that were more inclusive of women's methods of community organizing. A small survey of women's community groups, done as background to this research, provides data on challenges and obstacles these groups face when seeking monies to support their work. Some attention is given to implications for general theories of organizations, for fundergrantee dialogues leading to increased accountability in philanthropy, and for support of women's community organizations. The Moderating Effects Of Parenting Stress On Children's Adjustment In Woman-Abusing Families Levendosky, Alytia A and Graham-Bermann, Sandra A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 13, No. 3, June 1998 The purpose of this study was to examine the potential moderating effects of maternal parenting stress on children's adjustment in homes with varying levels of domestic violence. Results indicated that adjustment was predicted by parenting stress after controlling for abuse of the mother. The Moderating Impact Of Social Support Following Childhood Sexual Abuse Testa, Maria and Panek, Denise Violence and Victims, Vol. 7, No. 2 Summer 1992 The role of social support in moderating the impact of childhood sexual abuse on adult psychological adjustment was examined. Social support had no apparent effect on the long-term adjustment of women in the treatment group. A Modest Proposal For A New Way To Use Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome Evidence Kalman, Judy Zeprun Kingston, NJ: Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1 No. 3 January/February 1998 This article looks at all the challenges that prosecutor face during child sexual abuse prosecutions. Modifying The Family Process In Two Cases Of Physical Child Abuse And Secondary Functional Encopresis Cerezo, M. Angeles and Pons-Salvador, Gemma Child Maltreatment, Vol. 3, No. 2 May 1998 In this article, a treatment working model is proposed and applied to two cases of multiproblem families with severe physical child abuse. This study demonstrates how a twophase comprehensive parent intervention can deal effectively with such multiproblem families. Modularity In Everyday Life Judgments Of Aggression And Violent Behavior Wolf, Yuval Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 6, No. 1 January-February 2001 This review focuses on one aspect of moral judgment of aggression and violent behavior in the context of the psychodynamics of everyday life: Judgmental modularity. The central hypothesis asserts that, from the victims perspective, the severity of judgments or the relative weight assigned to physical damage, when information on intent and damage is available, will be maximized, whereas inverse trends will typify the judgments of the same person from the assailant's perspective. This view resembles the spirit of the functional approach to moral judgment of violent behavior. In this light, related studies that were conducted within the framework of functional measurement are reviewed. Judgmental modularity was documented in the majority of the findings. However, in two studies, the same participants exhibited judgmental consistency in the first phase and judgmental modularity in a second Alphabetical by title Articles M phase, which manipulated other types of judgmental perspectives. Implications for the issue of judgmental modularity, for the issue of modularity in violent behavior and for a proposal to establish a functional definition of aggression are discussed. Money And Magnanimity: New Findings On The Distribution Of Income, Wealth, And Philanthropy Schervish, Paul G and Havens, John J. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, Vol. 8, No. 4 Summer 1998 The authors have investigated the empirical relationships among income, wealth, and philanthropy. Mood Disturbances Among Women Clients Sexually Abused In Childhood: Prevalence, Etiology, Treatment Jehu, Derek Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 4, No. 2 June 1989 This article presents an analysis of previously abuse women who entered therapy, 92% of whom were found to have at least one form of mood disturbance such as low self-esteem, feelings of guilt, and depressive episodes. Moral Commitment And The Effects Of Social Influences On Violent Delinquency Hannon, Lance and Prochnow, Jane Violence and Victims, Vol. 16, No. 4 August 2001 The present article investigates the issue of whether and how moral commitment regarding violence conditions the relationship between a set of social environmental variables and violent delinquency. Three mutually exclusive hypotheses were evaluated using data from the National Youth Survey. The first, emanating from a purely environmental perspective, holds that moral commitment to non-violence does not condition the relationships of social factors have their greatest effect on violent behavior among those most strongly opposed to violence. The third hypothesis anticipates that social variables have their greatest impact on violent delinquency among those with violent attitudes. The results yielded strong support for the third hypothesis. Theoretical implications are discussed. Moral Constructions Of Motherhood In Breastfeeding Discourse Wall, Glenda Gender & Society, Vol. 15, No. 4, August 2001 Some of the ways in which the experience of mothering is shaped by the moral and cultural constrictions surrounding breastfeeding discourse are examined using a critical deconstruction of recent Canadian health education material. Connections between the understandings surrounding breastfeeding and cultural constructions of nature and sexuality are raised, as is the overlap between breastfeeding discourse and a number of other social discourses including those surrounding childcentered parenting expertise, the remoralization of pregnancy, and the neoliberal preoccupation with individual responsibility and the cost of social programs. Some of the implications that this understanding poses for mothers are examined. Moral Dilemmas, Moral Strategies, And The Transformation Of Gender Lessons From Two Generations Of Work And Family Change Gerson, Kathleen Gender & Society, Vol. 16, No. 1 February 2002 Modern societies have reconciled the dilemma between self-interest and caring for others by dividing women and men into two different moral categories. Women have been expected to seek personal development by caring for other, while men care for others by sharing the rewards of their independent work achievements. Changes in work and family life have undermined this framework but have failed to offer a clear avenue for creating new resolutions. Instead, contradictory social changes have produced new moral dilemmas. Women must now seek economic self-sufficiency even as they continue to bear responsibility for the care of others. Men can reject the obligation to provide for others, but they face new pressures to become more involved fathers and partners. Facing these dilemmas, young women and men must develop innovative moral strategies to renegotiate workfamily conflicts and transform traditional views of gender, but persisting institutional obstacles thwart their emerging aspirations to balance personal autonomy with caring for others. To overcome these obstacles, we need to create more humane, less gender theoretical and social frameworks for understanding and apportioning moral obligation. Moral Orientation And Psychological Development: Gender And Class-Standing Differences Jones, Carla E and Watt, John D. NASPA Journal Fall 2001 Effects of gender and class standing on college students' moral orientation and psychological development were investigated. Women had significantly greater ethic of care, tolerance, educational involvement, instrumental autonomy, lifestyle planning, salubrious lifestyle, and interdependence scores than men. Upperclassmen possessed greater educational involvement, career planning, lifestyle planning, Alphabetical by title Articles M emotional autonomy, and peer relationships than freshmen. More Harm Than Good? Diagnostic Codes For Child And Adult Abuse Rovi, Sue and Johnson, Mark S. Violence and Victims, Vol. 18, No. 5, October 2003. This study sought to understand the reasons for the lack of use of ICD diagnostic codes for child and adult abuse. More On The False Memories Debate Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 1 No. 4 March/April 1998 This article looks at the history and the movement of False Memory Syndrome Foundation since 1992. More On The Important Katsenelenbogen Case Jordan, Lisae C and Steyer, Bobbie G. Domestic Violence Report, Vol. 8, No. 1 October/Novemer 2002 As reported in the June/July 2002 issue of DVR, the Maryland case Katsenelenbogen v. Katsenelenbogen, 365 Md. 122 (2001), held that trial courts may not limit the relief granted in protective orders out of concern for potential impact on later custody or divorce litigation. A second issue was also decided by Maryland's highest court which is discussed in this article"the standard for accessing whether an act placed the petitioner in fear of imminent serious bodily harm". Mortality Associated With The Use Of Upper Body Control Holds By Police Mercy, James A and Rosenberg, Mark L. Violence and Victims, Vol. 5, No. 3 Fall 1990 The authors concluded that control-hold use was associated with death in 19 of the 20 cases studied where men died following restraint by an upper -body control hold while in the custody of a police department. Mother, Child, And Family Factors Related To Employment Of Single Mothers With LBW Preschoolers Youngblut, JoAnne M and Rodgers, Willard L. Psychology of Women's Quarterly, Vol. 21, No.2 June 1997 The purpose of this study was to identify maternal, child, and family factors related to the employment status and employment history of single mothers of low-birth-weight (LBW) and full term preschoolers. A sample of 121 femaleheaded, single-parent families with 3-, 4-, 5- year old LBW and full term children was recruited through admission records to three Level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and birth records of two normal newborn nurseries. Results show that the birth of an LBW infant was not related to employment status, number of hours employed per week, or employment history for single mothers. Employed mothers had significantly more education and more positive attitudes towards employment. Controlling for other factors, never been married, and having children, more federal income, and less positive employment attitudes were predictive of nonemployment. Both employed and nonemployed women expressed preference for employment. The Mother Question: What's Up With Men? Poore, Grace Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 6, No. 2 November/ December 2002 This article discusses the role of South Asian fathers in the lives of their sexually abused daughters. Motherhood As Idea An Practice: A Discursive Understanding Of Employed Mothers In Sweden Elvin-Nowak, Ylva and Thomsson, Helene Gender & Society, Vol. 15, No. 3 June 2001 This article discusses the meanings that motherhood has in the every day life of women in Sweden and how they practice their mothering. The empirical foundation is qualitative interviews conducted with mothers who live in Sweden. Social constructionist and discursive psychology inspired the article, and according to the analysis three discursive positions were identified. The first position deals with the child-mother relationship and indicates that the child's psychological well being is dependent on the mother's accessibility. The second discursive position deals with the child -mother-woman relationship. Within this framework, motherhood involves finding contentment in life beyond the child, to be able to convey that well -being to the child. The third discursive focuses on the mother as a working woman rather than a mother. These three discursive positions are discussed in relation to a pronounced discourse within Swedish society, which centers on an intense politically induced struggle for gender equality. Mothers In "Incest Families": A Critique Of Blame And Its Destructive Sequels Green, Judith Violence Against Women, Vol. 2, No. 3 September 1996 Blame-oriented explanations of mothers' roles are critically reviewed and contrasted with feminist reassessments in a sociopolitical context. Identified as additional victims in the complex matrix of family and community, mothers are revictimized by a clinical establishment that Alphabetical by title upholds the nonconscious patriarchal ideology underlying violence against women. Articles M Mothers Who Killed Or Attempted To Kill Their Child: Life Circumstances, Childhood Abuse, And Types Of Killing Haapasalo, Jaana and Petaja, Sonja Violence and Victims, Vol. 14, No. 3 Fall 1999 The objectives of the present study were to examine the life circumstances, childhood abuse, and types of homicidal acts of 48 mothers who killed/attempted to ill their child(ren) under age 12 between 1970-96 in Finland. Mothers' Perceptions Of The Impact Of Women Abuse On Their Parenting Levendosky, Alytia A and Graham-Bermann, Sandra A. Violence Against Women, Vol. 6, No. 3 March 2000 The current study, consistent with feminist theory, examines women's narratives about parenting in domestic violence situations through a semistructured interview. Women reported not only negative effects of the violence on their parenting but also some positive effects, indicating that women frequently actively mobilize their resources to respond to the violence on behalf of their children. Motivating Batterers To Change In The Treatment Context Murphy, Christopher M and Baxter, Victoria A. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 12, No. 4 August 1997 Many treatment programs for domestic abuse perpetrators rely on consistent, direct, and often intense confrontation of defenses. These interventions may unwittingly increase rather than decrease resistance and defensiveness and may reinforce the belief that relationships are based on coercive influence. Motivation-Adaptive Skills-Trauma Resolution (MASTR) Therapy For Adolescents With Conduct Problems: An Open Trial Greenwald, Ricky Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, Vol. 6, No.1 2002 Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of adolescent conduct problems, in conjunction with other contributing factors. A trauma-focused individual therapy approach is presented as one example of how this population might be more effectively treated. This approach features motivational interviewing, self-control training (cognitivebehavioral therapy), and trauma resolution (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). This paper reports on an open trial of six adolescents with school and conduct problems who received school based motivation-adaptive skills-trauma resolution (MASTR) treatment. Reductions in Posttraumatic stress, related symptoms, and problem behaviors, along with improved school performance, indicate the value of further study of this treatment approach. Motivational Needs For Power And SpouseSpecific Assertiveness In Assaultive And Nonassaultive Men Dutton, Donald G and Strachan, Catherine E. Violence and Victims, Vol. 2, No. 3 Fall 1987 Men who had assaulted their wives were compared to maritally conflicted (but nonassaultive) and satisfactorily married controls through the use of Thematic Apperception Test stories scored for the need for power. Motives In Sexual Aggression: The Chinese Context Tang, Catherine So-Kum and Porter, James F. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 8, No. 4 December 1993 This study directly compared sexual and aggressive motives for sexual aggression in Chinese college students. A comparison with similar research in a North American sample suggests that motives for sexual aggression may be moderated by cultural differences. Moving Beyond Linear Trajectories Of Language Shift And Bilingual Language Socialization Pease-Alvarez, Lucinda Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 2 May 2002 Demographers and sociologists conducting largescale surveys of the language choices and preferences of different immigrant groups residing in the United States have contributed to the widespread characterization of language shift as following a single trajectory and of bilingualism as a transitory phenomenon. However, researchers studying bilingual language socialization among Latino populations have found variations in the trajectories language shift follows for these groups. Drawing on sociocultural perspectives of language and learning, this article describes the language socialization experiences of Mexican-descent families living in a California community in order to understand how these experiences are implicated in the development and evolution of their bilingualism. In working toward this goal, the findings reported here contribute to a dynamic and multifaceted portrayal of bilingualism. Alphabetical by title Articles M A Multi-Dimensional Model Of Groupwork For Adolescent Girls Who Have Been Sexually Abused Lindon, Jillian and Nourse, Carol A. Child Abuse and Neglect, Vol. 18, No. 4 1994 This paper describes a treatment approach for sexually abused adolescent girls using a group work model. The model incorporates three treatment modalities: a skills component, a psychotherapeutic component, and an educative component. The group ran for 16 sessions over a 6-month period and each girl was assessed prior to joining the group. The girls were again assessed at the end of treatment and at 6months follow-up; all of them showed improvement on self-statements (outcome) and on behavioral measures assessed by others (follow-up). Girls who had been sexually abused demonstrated difficulties in many areas following abuse. These problems related to their feelings of guilt and helplessness in relation to both themselves and their abuser. Sexually abused children often have poor knowledge of sexual matters and demonstrate confusion over their own body image. Using a multidimensional model the problems following abuse can be addressed. A Multi-Method Treatment For Child Survivors Of Sexual Abuse : An Intervention Informed By Relational And Trauma Theories Levendosky, Alytia A and Buttenheium, Margaret Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 9, No. 2 2000 This article presents a case study presents a case study of the treatment of a pre-adolescent female survivor of incest. The treatment integrated relational and trauma theory perspectives in focusing on reducing self -blame, preventing further isolation, creating a safe, secure environment, and helping the patient develop positive connections with others and feelings of self-competence. In order to promote these treatment goals, we used a systemic approach in working directly within the family, school, and social service agencies. This multimethod treatment facilitated the change and maintenance of an improved environment for the patient which we felt were essential for psychological and interpersonal change to occur. Multidimensional Analysis Of Fear And Confidence Of University Women Relating To Crimes And Dangerous Situations Hughes, Patricia Paulsen and Sherrill, Claudine Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 18, No. 1 January 2003 Fear-of-crime research although plentiful, has been plagued by criticism that it often focuses on generalized, global measures of fear instead of specific instances that elicit an emotional response of fear. Much of the criticism is justified. Little is known about women's perceptions of confidence in managing dangerous situations or crimes, or if confidence is correlated strongly with fear. College women (n=564) completed the Perceptions of Dangerous Situations Scale, a survey instrument validated for college women, consisting of 34 crimes and dangerous situations. Women rated each situation with regard to their fear of and their confidence to manage selected situations. Ratings were subjected to multidimensional scaling, producing two dimensions that were interpreted as Personal Threat and Intimacy. Cluster analysis produced eight interpretable clusters for fear and eight for confidence. Implications for self-defense curricula and rape prevention training are discussed. Multidimensional Approach To The Assessment Of Trauma Impact, Recovery And Resiliency: Initial Psychometric Findings Harvey, Mary R and Lebowitz, Leslie. A. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, Vol. 6, No. 2 This paper describes the psycometric properties of the Multidimensional Trauma Recovery and Resiliency (MTRR), a Likert-type questionnaire designed to assess trauma impact, recovery and resilience on each of eight domains of psychological functioning (Harvey, 1996). An initial series of four studies examined the psychometric properties of the MTRR when used by clinicians rating their patients or by clinical researchers rating co-conducted standardized clinical interviews (MTRR-Is). Findings indicate that the MTRR demonstrated reasonable interrater reliability with both clinical and clinical research samples. Internal consistency was sound and, in the clinical sample, the measure drew significant distinctions between patients differing in clinical-estimated recovery status. The implications and limitations of these preliminary findings are discussed. The Multidimensional Nature Of Sexual Harassment: An Empirical Analysis Of Women's Sexual Harassment Complaints Welsh, Sandy Violence Against Women, Vol. 6, No. 2 February 2000 Using data from sexual harassment complaints lodged with the Canadian Human Rights Commission between 1978 and 1993, this research attempts to address two concerns: (a) What types of sexual harassment behaviors are experienced by women complainants? and (b) Are these experiences of sexual harassment characterized by isolated or multidimensional incidents?. Alphabetical by title Articles M A Multimethod Approach To The Assessment Of Physical Abuse Schellenbach, Cynthia J and Susman, Elizabeth J. Violence and Victims, Vol. 6, No. 1 Spring 1991 The purpose of this study is to utilize a case study to illustrate the utility of a multimethod approach to highlight intraindividual variation in the impact of abuse. Multiple Correlates Of Physical Aggression In Dating Couples Riggs, David S and Breslin, F. Curtis Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 5, No. 1 March 1990 In this study, subjects completed self-report measures of courtship aggression family aggression, personality, dating problems, problem solving, life change, and personal history of aggression. Multiple Forms Of Child Abuse And Neglect: Adult Retrospective Reports Higgins, Daryl J and McCabe, Marita P. Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 6, No. 6 November-December 2001 There are a few research reports of the experience of multiple forms of child abuse and neglect (multi-type maltreatment). A critical review is presented of 29 studies in which adult retrospective reports of more than one form of child maltreatment (sexual abuse, physicalabuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect, or witnessing family violence) are assessed. Empirical investigations of the extent and impact of multi-type maltreatment are identified. Data on the relationship between the different forms of maltreatment and adjustment, and the role of variables influencing the occurrence or impact of maltreatment. Considerable overlap was found in the occurrence of maltreatment types. The compounding or interacting effects of experiencing multi-type maltreatment were ignored in many studies. Where an assessment was made of the specific impact of multi-type maltreatment, it was associated with greater impairment than single forms of abuse or neglect. A multi-dimensional approach to prevention and treatment of child abuse and neglect is required in which children's vulnerability to multi -type maltreatment is addressed. Multiple Identities.Multiple Marginalities Denis, Ann B. Gender & Society, Vol. 15, No. 3 June 2001 Recent discussions of boundary theory, particularly in the field of ethnic relations, emphasize varying degrees of porousness of social boundaries and the importance of considering the effects of the intersections of multiple boundaries, most notably those of gender, ethnicity/race and class. It is also increasingly acknowledged that within-group characteristics, including identities, of subordinate as well as of dominant groups may change, without their becoming less authentic distinctive collectivities. This article examines the changing identities of a specific collectivityFrench-speaking Canadian women living in Ontario-who, during the past century, have been marginalized by, or excluded from, several larger collectivities for various reasons- religion, race/ethnicity, language, nationalism, region, and gender -related to boundary definitions of their multiple, intersecting identities. It explores the emergence of these various marginalities and the ability of these feminists to construct institutions and agendas on their own terms. Multiple Perspectives On Groupwork With Children Of Battered Women Peled, Einat and Edleson, Jeffrey L. Violence and Victims, Vol. 7, No. 4 Winter 1992 This article presents the findings of a qualitative evaluation of a group program for children of battered women. Multiple Sexual Victimizations Among Adolescent Boys And Girls: Prevalence And Associations With Eating Behaviors And Psychological Health Ackard, Diann M and Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne Binghamton, NY: Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 12, No. 1 2003 The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sexual abuse, including multiple victimizations, among adolescents and to examine associations among history of sexual abuse, disordered eating behaviors and psychological health. The sample included 81, 247 students and 12th grades in Minnesota public schools. Sexual abuse was reported by 14.7% of girls and 6.2% of boys. Sexual abuse was associated with unhealthy eating behaviors, suicidal thoughts and attempts, and lower emotional well-being and self -esteem. Students who reported a single or multiple forms of sexual abuse were more likely than their non-abused peers to binge-eat, use diet pills and have suicidal thoughts/attempts. Boys and girls reporting multiple sexual victimizations had the highest odds ratios for disordered eating behaviors. Future research should explore strategies for primary prevention of revictimization and secondary prevention of detrimental effects of abuse. Alphabetical by title Articles M A Multivariate Analysis Of Risk Markers For Dating Violence Victimization Harned, Melanie.. Thousand Oaks, CA: Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 11, November 2002 The present study examines the predictive ability of three categories of risk markers for psychological, sexual, and physical victimization by dating partners among a large sample of university women and men (n=874). Fifteen variables operationalized the three categories, and results of regression analyses indicate that the bidirection aggression variables were the best predictors of dating violence victimization. The results also indicate that differential patterns of risk markers are evident across types of dating violence victimization. In addition, risk markers for victimization by dating partners were found to vary somewhat for women and men. A Multivariate Model Explaining Men's Violence Toward Women: Predisposing And Triggering Hypotheses O'Neil, James M and Harway, Michele Violence Against Women, Vol. 3, No. 2 April 1997 This article presents a multivariate model explaining men's violence toward women using four content areas and 13 hypotheses. Implications of the model for educational interventions, research and training are explored. Munchausen By Proxy: Presentations In Special Education Ayoub, Catherine and Keller, Carol Child Maltreatment, Vol. 7, No. 2, May 2002 Munchausen by proxy is a disorder in which a child is victimized through a form of child abuse called pediatric condition falsification. (PCF). PCF has been documented for psychological and psychiatric conditions including one such form presented here in which educational disabilities are the focus of falsification. Parents meet their own self-serving needs through "impostering" as good mothers. This maternal mental disorder is called factitious disorder by proxy. This article presents a series of cases in which children have PCF that primarily consists of educational disabilities. Characteristics of the children, their mothers, and their families are outlined and outcomes for the 9 children in the sample are discussed. Guidelines for identification of children with PCF in educational settings are provided, and special guidance is offered in differential diagnosis. Musings Of A State Standards Committee Chair Hamberger, L. Kevin Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, Vol. 5, No. 2 July 2002 The movement among states to promulgate, publish and implement treatment standards for programs and providers of treatment for men who batter has gained increasing momentum in recent years. This movement, in turn, has created controversy. On the one hand, there are those who view the process of standards development, as well as the products, as essentially good and evolving. On the other hand, there are those who have argued that the process has been flawed, exclusionary, and the products based more on philosophy than sound science. The present paper describes the thoughts of a researcher who also served as a chair of a state standards committee. The role and contribution of researchers to a collaborative process of standards development and implementation is discussed. Suggestions for enhancing the collaborative process are provided. Must A Catholic Hospital Inform A Rape Victim Of The Availability Of The "Morning After Pill"? Brushwood, David B. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Vol. 47, No. 2 1990 This brief article discuses whether a Catholic hospital has a legal duty to provide information about diethylstilbestrol, the "morning after pill", to patients being treated after a rape. My Adventures In Fundraising: First Major Donor Visit Garcia, Sonya Grassroots Fundraising Journal, Vol. 20, No. 3 May/June 2001 My Adventures In Fundraising: My Trip To Los Angeles Tejani, Shahira Grassroots Fundraising Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2, March/April 2001 The Myth About Rape Shield Laws Murphy, Wendy Sexual Assault Report, Vol. 7, No. 2 November/December 2003 This article discusses rape shield laws in light of such high profile cases as Kobe Bryant and Marv Albert. The Myth Of Postfeminism Hall, Elaine J and Rodriguez, Marnie Salupo Gender & Society, Vol. 17, No. 6 December 2003 According to the mass media a postfeminist era emerged in the 1990s. The first objective is to develop a definition of the postfeminist perspective. Based on an informal content analysis of popular articles, the authors identify Alphabetical by title Articles M four postfeminist claims: (1) overall support for the women's movement has dramatically eroded because some women (2) are increasingly antifeminist (3) believe the movement is irrelevant, and (4)have adopted a "no, but..." version of feminism. The second objective is to determine the extent of empirical support for these claims. Using existing public opinion data, the authors find little support for the four postfeminist claims. Implications of the unsubstantiated post-feminist argument are discussed.