Analysis of vertical profiles from MRR2 for the basic study of a

Analysis of vertical profiles from MRR2 for the basic study of a precipitation enhancement at mountain area in 2005 (Preliminary results) Wan Cha, 1Seong Soo Yum, 2Ki-Ho Chang 2Sung Nam Oh, 1Yonsei Univ. and 2Meteorological Research Institute/KMA , Korea 1,2Joo Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Contents 1 . Introduction 2. Analysis of MRR products - Seasonal Variation of vertical profile of precipitation 3. Estimation of Melting layer - Methods for estimation of melting layer - Results of estimation of melting layer 4. Conclusion 5. Future work Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Introduction 1. We need to understand the vertical profile of Rainfall to carry out our precipitation enhancement experiment in Korea. 2 . The study of Micro Rain Radar (MRR) is not enough in the world because the MRR is developed at recently and the MRR give us a lot of detail information for the vertical profile of rainfall 3. This research is the first analysis of seasonal variation of vertical profiles of rainfall from the MRR in Korea 4. This study do not perfect because the MRR products should be corrected by error analysis to clearly show the seasonal variation of products Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Location radio sonde site (Sokcho) About 50km Daegwallyong Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Analysis of MRR products Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Seasonal Variation of vertical profile of precipitation Monthly Mean Rain Rate (mm/h) 5000 5000 Winter 4000 1 2 12 4000 Spring 3 4 5 Height (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Height(m) 3000 3000 2000 2000 1000 1000 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 RR(mm/h) RR ( mm/h) 5000 5000 Summer 4000 6 7 8 Fall 4000 9 10 11 Height (m) 2000 Height (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 3000 3000 2000 1000 1000 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 RR ( mm/h) RR ( mm/hr) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Seasonal Variation of vertical profile of precipitation Monthly mean Liquid Water Content (g/m3) 5000 4000 Winter 1 2 12 4000 Spring 3 4 5 3000 2000 Height (m) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Height(m) 3000 2000 1000 1000 0 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 LWC(g/m3) LWC(g/m3) 5000 Summer 4000 6 7 8 4000 Fall 9 10 11 3000 Height (m) Height (m) 0.0 0.2 0.4 3 3000 2000 2000 1000 1000 0 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 3 0.6 0.8 1.0 LWC(g/m ) LWC(g/m ) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Seasonal Variation of vertical profile of precipitation Monthly Sum of Liquid Water Content (g/m3) 5000 4000 Winter 1 2 12 4000 Spring 3 4 5 3000 2000 Height (m) 0 2500 3000 Height(m) 3000 2000 1000 1000 0 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 LWC ( g/m3) LWC (g/m3) 5000 Summer 4000 6 7 8 4000 Fall 9 10 11 3000 Height (m) Height (m) 0 500 1000 1500 3 3000 2000 2000 1000 1000 0 2000 2500 3000 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 3 2500 3000 LWC (g/m ) LWC (g/m ) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Vertical variation of falling velocity by different precipitation type at the surface rainfall and not often snow at the surface 4000 10 (99.0 mm, 4.3 cm) 11 (16.5 mm, 0 cm) 4 (53.5 mm, 12 cm) 3 (129.1 mm 59.4 cm) Only rainfall at the surface 5000 Height (m) 3000 2000 4000 1000 Height (m) 3000 0 2000 5 (41.1 mm) 6 (276.2 mm) 7 (246.2 mm) 8 (297.8 mm) 9 (562.2 mm) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 FV (m/s2) Snow and not often rain 1000 4000 1 (50.2 mm, 37.1 cm) 2 (107. 4 mm, 37.5 cm) 12 (2.3 mm, ?? cm) 3000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Height(m) 0 FV ( m/s) 2000 1000 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 FV ( m/s) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Seasonal Variation of vertical profile of precipitation Monthly mean Falling velocity (m/s) 5000 Winter 4000 1 2 12 4000 Spring 3 4 5 3000 2000 Height (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Height(m) 3000 2000 1000 1000 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 FV ( m/s) FV ( m/s) 5000 Summer 4000 6 7 8 4000 Fall 9 10 11 3000 Height (m) Height (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 3000 2000 2000 1000 1000 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 FV ( m/s) FV ( m/s) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Histogram: From Apr. to Oct. 2005 at 450 m height Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Estimating Melting layer by MRR Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Estimation of Melting layer (I) Freezing level Melting layer DH+ Height (m) DHL-Zmax (Height of Max. Reflectivity) L-dZmin (Height of Max. negative gradient) L-dZmax ( Height of Max. positive gradient) DH+ : Distance of upper level from L-Zmax DH-: Distance of lower level from L-Zmax (DH : about 1 km ±125 m(Shin et al, 2000)) Reflectivity (dBZ) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Estimation of Melting layer (II) Freezing height Melting layer Height (m) L-RRmax (Height of Max. Rain Rate) L-dRRMin (Height of Max. negative gradient of Rain Rate) L-dRRMax( Height of Max. positive gradient of Rain Rate) Rain Rate (mm/h) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Case I : Estimation of Melting layer (Analysis of MRR Products) 2005. 09.09 ~ 09. 10 Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Results of estimation method (I) 5000 4500 4000 3500 L-Min L-Zm ax L-Max 3164 m 170m 380m Height(m) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 13:00 13:20 13:40 14:00 14:20 14:40 15:00 15:20 15:40 16:00 16:20 16:40 17:00 17:20 17:40 18:00 18:20 18:40 19:00 19:20 19:40 20:00 20:20 20:40 21:00 21:20 21:40 22:00 22:20 22:40 23:00 23:20 23:40 0:00 0:20 0:40 2994 m 2614 m Tim (LST) e Melting Layer(Bright Band) : 172 (23.8%) Total number Obs =720 (9/9-13:00~9/10-00:59) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Average 1)H_min ;3164m 2) Zmax ; 2944m 3) H_Max;2614m Results of estimation method(II) 5000 4500 4000 3500 L-Min L-RRm ax L-Max Height(m) 3230 m 202m 186m 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 13:00 13:20 13:40 14:00 14:20 14:40 15:00 15:20 15:40 16:00 16:20 16:40 17:00 17:20 17:40 18:00 18:20 18:40 19:00 19:20 19:40 20:00 20:20 20:40 21:00 21:20 21:40 22:00 22:20 22:40 23:00 23:20 23:40 0:00 0:20 0:40 3032 m 2846 m Total number Obs =720 (9/9-13:00~9/10-00:59) Fall meeting 2006. Average Melting layer(Bright Band) 1)L-min ;3230m : 202 (28.2%) 2) L-RRmax ;3032m 3) L-Max;2846m Tim (LST) e Cloud Physical Lab. Comparison of radiosonde with MRR Case : 2005. 09. 09. 2100LST Freezing level 4000 3000 Height (m) Melting layer 2000 1000 Temp. of the radiosonde Reflectivity of MRR2 0 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Reflectivity(dBZ) by MRR2 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Temperature (oC) by Radiosonde Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Comparison of radiosonde with MRR2 Case : 2005. 09. 09. 2100LST Freezing level 4000 3000 Melting layer Height (m) 2000 1000 RR of MRR2 Temp. of the radiosonde 0 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Rain Rate (mm/h) by MRR2 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Temperature (oC) by Radiosonde Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Seasonal variation of melting layer from RR 1 2 3 4 5 6 Height (m) 5000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 7 4000 3000 8 9 10 11 12 Height (m) 2000 1000 0 Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Vertical structure of Rainfall on Sep. 2005 monthely mean rain rate on Sep. 2005 monthly mean falling velocity on Sep. 2005 5000 4000 Mean melting layer on Sep. 2005 Height (m) 3000 2000 Mean LCL on Sep. 2005 1000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Rain Rate (mm/h) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Falling velociety (m/s) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Case II : Estimation of Melting layer (analysis of rain drop size distribution) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Drop size distribution around Melting Layer by Univ. for McGill, CA Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Melting layer (a) (b) Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Conclusion • • We firstly show the vertical profiles of rainfall from the MRR in Korea The detail information about the vertical profiles of RR , LWC, and Falling velocity clearly gives us to the seasonal characteristics of rainfall in Korea. However, We need to correct the vertical profile since those results is not enough to explain the seasonal variation. We suggest the methods of estimating melting layer from the MRR . The methods are simple and accurate. So, the estimated the melting layer is contributes to improve the estimation of surface rainfall amount from Radar observation and understand the cloud micro physics. This study show the preliminary meteorological conditions of our site for the enhancement of precipitation. • • Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab. Future work • • • • Correcting MRR product by using error analysis. Seasonal Variation of Rainfall drop size distribution Estimating more exact melting layer and seasonal variation of it. Distinction of Snowflake and Rainfall of RR, LWC, and FV observed by the MRR Characteristics of FSSP and MWR with Changing vertical profile of MRR • Fall meeting 2006. Cloud Physical Lab.