Regional analysis of Reproductive and Child health Care in
Rajasthan
Abstract
Dr. B.L.Nagda, Assistant Director
Population Research Centre, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University
Udaipur -313001 Rajasthan (India)
The reproductive and child health (RCH) programme that has been launched by
the government in 1996-97 is expected to provide quality services and achieve
multi objectives. it ushered a positive paradigm shift from method oriented target
–based activity to providing client–centred ,demand driven, quality services and
efforts are made to reorient provider’s attitude at grassroots level and to
strengthen the services at outreach levels. This approach requires decentralization
of planning, monitoring and evaluation of the services. Therefore, it was decided
to undertake district level house hold survey under the RCH programme in the
country. The present study is based on house hold survey of Rajasthan. In the
state great variation is existed in socio-economic and geographical situation.
Therefore available data on house hold survey is analysis on the basis of census
regions. The regional analysis has been made about the indicators of child health
care.
Introduction
The health conditions and the quality of health care services available to
the pregnant women and the new born infants in most of the states in India are
woefully poor and calls for urgent action from a number of fronts. These include
strengthening of the primary health care System in the country, especially in the
rural areas, improving the efficiency and acceptability of the system and when the
system falls short of the stipulated norms to take appropriate and timely action to
remedy the system. The future of the country will be permanently and irreparably
compromised if urgent measures are not taken in these dimensions in order to
improve the health conditions of the pregnant women and the new born. Statistics
to prove these points are available a plenty but for some reason or the other the
needed actions are not forthcoming. For example the maternal mortality rate in
India as a whole has not declined significantly during the past three decades. In
the health policy adopted in 1984 and called "Health for All by 2001" it was
decided to bring down MMR to 300 or less by per 100,000 live births by 2001.
However the MMR still remains above 400 as on 2005 and in many states over
600. With regard to infant mortality rate (IMR) even in 2004 it is 64 per 1000 live
births and was hovering around 70 for the last two decades. The national
population policy of 2000 (NPP 2000) expects it to decline to 30 or less by 2010,
which is unlikely if the present trends continue. The neo-natal mortality rate or the
number of infant deaths within first month of life constitutes a large proportion of
the infant deaths within one year, almost two-thirds, and further declines in IMR
is possible only by specific programmes aimed at reducing the neonatal mortality
rate. The causes underlying the neo-natal mortality are strongly linked with the
health conditions and health care services provided to the pregnant women during
her pregnancy and at the time of delivery. Taking care of the pregnant woman
during the antenatal, natal and postnatal period is the obligation of any civilized
society to its people.
Sources of Data
The Data on Regional Variation of Reproductive and Child Health
Indicators in Rajasthan was gathered from District Level Household Survey of
Rajasthan 2002-2004.The raw data of these surveys was obtained from
International Institute for Population Sciences Mumbai (IIPS)
Objectives
1. To assess the performance of ANC and Immunization services on regional
bases.
2. To find out the regional variation in Contraceptive Prevalence Rate and
Unmet need for Family Planning.
3. To examine the Regional variation in Utilization of health services
Methodology
Data of District Level Household Survey of Rajasthan 2002-2004 has
been used to analyze the regional variation of RCH indicators. The data of RCH
indicators was computed on the basis of districts and regions. The district
composition of the four regions of Rajasthan is based on 32 districts.
-2-
Table 2.2
Region wise Districts of Rajasthan
Regions Name of Districts
Western Region Ganganagar, Bikaner, Hanumangarh, Churu, Jaisalmer,
Jodhpur, Nagaur, Pali, Barmer, Jalor, Sirohi
Northeastern Region Jhunjhunun, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhoulpur,
Swaimadhopur, Karoli, Dausa ,Jaipur, Sikar, Ajmer,
Tonk, Bhilwara
Southern Region Dungarpur, Banswara, Udaipur, Rajsamand
Southeastern Region Chittorgarh, Bundi, Kota, Baran, Jhalawara
The Western Region of the state comprises eleven districts and
Northeastern Region including twelve districts. The Southern Region has four
tribal dominant district and Southeastern Region including five districts know as
Hadoti areas of the State.
Maternal Care and Reproductive Health
At least three antenatal check-ups, two doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine and
iron and folic acid supplementation during first three months of pregnancy are
encouraged under the RCH programme. The institutional delivery or home
deliveries attended by trained medical professionals, and three postpartum visits
are also envisaged under the programme. As per the data of RCH survey of
Rajasthan, only 32 percent of the pregnant women get three, more ANC check
ups, less than half (48 percent) women receive skilled attendance at birth, and 36
percent of women had pregnancy complication.
Antenatal Care
The information on antenatal care (ANC) services was collected from
women who experienced either a live or stillbirth during the three years pre
ceding the survey. Table 1 shows that more than two-third of women (69percent)
received antenatal check-up during pregnancy. One third of pregnant women
received three and more ANC and eleven percent women were checked-up for
antenatal services at home. Very little (3.7percent) number of pregnant women
was received full ANC services. The women who received any kind of ANC
-3-
were the lowest in western region. The lowest number of pregnant women who
received full ANC was reported in northeastern region (3.67 percent).
Table – 1
Region wise Ante-natal Check-ups
Name of District No ante- Any ante- Three and more Ante-natal Full
Natal natal ANC Check-up at ANC*
home
Rajasthan 31.0 69.0 32.15 11.29 3.71
Western Region 40.97 59.03 27.15 7.83 3.86
Northeastern Region 25.56 76.10 33.0 13.62 3.67
Southern Region 29.72 70.27 32.57 11.35 3.35
Southeastern Region 23.22 76.78 40.68 13.28 5.78
Use of TT injection and IFA Tablets
Table 3 shows the use of Tetanus toxide (TT) injection and
Iron folic acid tablets (I FA). About 69 percent of women were
received at least one Tetanus toxide injection and 59 percent
received at least two Tetanus toxide injections. Western region
reported the lowest number (58 percent) of pregnant women who
received at least one Tetanus toxide injection
About one fourth (27percent) of pregnant women consumed
one iron folic acid tablets regularly during pregnancy and about
15percent of pregnant women consumed two or more iron folic
acid tablets regularly during pregnancy. The lowest
consummation of at least one iron folic acid tablets regularly
during pregnancy reported in western region (21.8 percent) and the
highest (35.12 percent) consummation reported in Southern
eastern region. Whereas, lowest number of consummation of two
and more tablets of iron folic acid regularly during pregnancy
reported in northeastern region (13.7 percent) and the highest
consummation of two and more tablets of iron folic acid regularly
during pregnancy reported in southern region (19.30 percent).
Only about eight percent pregnant women received hundred or
more IFA tablets during the pregnancy. The lowest number of
pregnant women received hundred or more IFA tablets during the
-4-
pregnancy in Northeastern region (5.9percent) and the highest
number of pregnant women received hundred or more IFA tablets
during the pregnancy in Southeastern region (11.47 percent)
Table 3
Region wise Use of TT injection and IFA tablets during pregnancy
Name of District No TT One TT Two or Consumed Consumed two Received
injection injection more TT one IFA or more IFA 100 or
during during injection tablet tablet regularly more IFA
pregnancy pregnancy during regularly during tablets
pregnancy during pregnancy during
pregnancy pregnancy
RAHASTHAN 30.8 10.17 58.82 27.06 15.09 7.6
Western Region 41.80 8.19 49.85 21.82 13.71 8.45
Northeastern 23.42 10.94 63.57 29.27 13.66 5.95
Region
Southern 29.35 12.77 57.55 33.60 17.05 8.30
Region
Southeastern 29.50 13.22 82.27 35.12 19.30 11.47
Region
Delivery Characteristics
Table 4 shows the institutional and safe deliveries take place
during three years period proceeding to survey. About thirty one
percent of women had institutional delivery during three years
period proceeding to survey. The great regional variation is
observed in institutional delivery .The highest institutional delivery
take place in southeastern region (39.16 percent) and the low
institutional delivery take place in Western (23.2 percent) because
of terrain of this region is desert and semi desert, settlement
pattern are scattered, the in fracture of health and medical
facilities also not up to mark are the some of the reasons to have
the lower performance of institutional delivery. Among the total
deliveries about 20 percent deliveries took place in Government
and 11 percent in private institutions. The lowest deliveries in
-5-
government institutions are take place in western region (13.26
Percent) and the highest in southern eastern regions (27.46
percent).
Whereas, the highest institutional deliveries in private
institution are take place in northeastern region (13.28 percent)
and again the lowest in western region (9.94 percent).
Rajasthan has reported 48.32 percent safe delivery (either
institutional delivery or home delivery attended by Doctor\Nurse\
TBA). It is slight higher than the national average (48 percent).
The low practice of delivery assisted by skilled persons are reported
in western region (45.43 percent) and the higher percentage of
safe delivered conducted by the trained skilled persons reported in
southeastern region (53.24 percent)
Table -4
Regional Variation in Institutional and Safe Deliveries
Name of District Institutional Institutional Institutional Safe Deliveries
deliveries deliveries - deliveries – (Either institutional
government private deliveries or home
deliveries attended by
Doctor/ Nurse/TBA)
RAHASTHAN 31.52 19.93 11.59 48.32
Western Region 23.2 13.26 9.94 45.43
Northeastern 35.35 21.05 13.28 47.86
Region
Southern Region 35.22 23.77 10.45 49.25
Southeastern 39.16 27.46 11.72 53.24
Region
Maternal and Reproductive Health Problems
Detection of cases of complicated pregnancy and timely
provision of treatment to such women is one of the important
components of the RCH programme. In the state about 36 percent
of currently married women who had given the births (alive \still)
-6-
during the three years preceding the survey experienced pregnancy
complication had pregnancy complications. Table 5 shows that
about 19 percent of women reported the complication during the
delivery. The highest percentage of complication during the delivery
is reported in southern region (23.6 percent) and the lowest
percentage of delivery complication reported in northeastern region
(16.38 percent).About 28 percent of women suffered by the post
delivery complications in the state. The highest percentage of post
delivery complications also reported in Southern region (35
percent) and the lowest percentage of post delivery complications
reported in northeastern region (25.24 percent).
The possible causes of higher level of complications among
the women of southern region are malnutrition, unhygienic health
condition and practicing their own way of treatment. The question
was asked about women had menstruation related problems,
about 19 percent of women had menstruation related problems.
Table -5
Regional Variation in Complications of Mothers
Fig. 1 : Regional Variation in Complications of Mothers
50
45
41.27
40
37.56
36.4
35 35.18 35.41 35
30 30.3
28.39 28.73
Percentage
25 25.24
23.6 23.02
22.27 21.86
20 19.32
19.28 19.45
16.38 16.45
15 15.32
10
5
0 Rajasthan
RAHASTHAN Western Region Northeastern Southern Region Southeastern
Region Region
Women had pregnancy complication Women had Delivery complication
Women had post pregnancy complication Women had Menstruation related Problems
Name of District Women had Women had Women had Women had
pregnancy Delivery post Menstruation
complication complication pregnancy related
-7-
complication Problems
RAHASTHAN 36.4 19.32 28.39 19.28
Western Region 35.18 19.45 28.73 15.32
Northeastern Region 35.41 16.38 25.24 22.27
Southern Region 41.27 23.6 35.0 16.45
Southeastern Region 37.56 21.86 30.30 23.02
The highest number of women (23 percent) had menstruation
related problems in Southeastern region and the lowest in western
region (15.32 percent)
Knowledge of Family Planning Methods
Reproductive and child health programme has been implemented with a new
philosophy and direction to meet the health care needs of women and children. It
envisages the provision of couples to control their fertility and have sexual
relations free from the fear of pregnancy. Provision of free contraceptive services
to all the needy couples is one of the components of the RCH programme. The
information on knowledge of contraceptive was obtained by asking a question
“which are the family planning method you know “?
Knowledge of Family Planning Methods
Knowledge of contraception has almost become universal in Rajasthan.
Almost all the women (aged 15-44) know at least one modern method of
contraception. About ninety percent of women have knowledge of any modern
spacing method. The knowledge of any modern spacing method has been found to
be lowest in southern region (71.68 percent). The knowledge of all the modern
family planning methods is reported only by about half of the women (52.6
percent). Again lowest knowledge of all the modern family planning methods is
reported Southern region (34.83 percent) followed by Western region (45.38
percent). The Knowledge of any traditional method is 14.6 percent of women in
the state. The highest knowledge of traditional methods is reported in southern
regions (21.88 percent). It is the tribal dominate areas and still women practice
traditional methods of birth control (table 6).
-8-
Fig. 2 : Knowledge of Family Planning Methods
99.7 99.64 99.97 99.05 99.96
100 97.21
92.8
89.61
90 86.38
80
71.68
70 66.03
Percentage
60
52.6 50.22
50 45.38
40 34.83
30
20.51 21.88
20 14.6
9.61
10 5.5
0
RAHASTHAN
Rajasthan Western Region Northeastern Southern Southeastern
Region Region Region
Knowledge of any modern FP methods Knowledge of any modern Spacing FP methods
Knowledge of all modern FP methods Knowledge of any traditional methods
Table–6
Knowledge of Family Planning Methods
Name of District Knowledge of Knowledge of Knowledge Knowledge
any modern any modern of all of any
FP methods Spacing FP modern FP traditional
methods methods methods
RAHASTHAN 99.7 89.61 52.6 14.6
Western Region 99.64 86.38 45.38 9.61
Northeastern Region 99.97 97.21 66.03 20.51
Southern Region 99.05 71.68 34.83 21.88
Southeastern 99.96 92.80 50.22 5.5
Region
Current Use of Family Planning Methods
Table 7 reveals that about forty one percent of currently
married women aged 15-44 years using a modern method of
contraception. About 30 percent of women and less than one
percent of male are using sterilization. The lowest acceptors of
sterilization reported in southern region. The current use of IUD
and pills are 1.43 percent and 2.73 percent respectively. About six
-9-
percent male are currently using Nirodh. Overall contraceptive
prevalence rate is 40.91 percent. The lowest contraceptive
prevalence is reported in southern region
Thirty five percent of women and less than one percent of
males are sterilized. Pills and IUD users of women are 1.43
percent and 2.73 percent respectively. The condom is used by the
husbands of 6.11 percent. Overall contraceptive prevalence rate is
40.91 percent.
Table –7
Current use of Family Planning Methods
Name of District Current use current use Current current current
of female of male use of IUD use of Pills use of
sterilization sterilization Nirodh
RAHASTHAN 30.14 O.50 1.43 2.73 6.11
Western Region 29.50 0.45 1.81 2.85 5.27
Northeastern Region 31.11 0.55 1.18 2.36 6.20
Southern Region 25.85 0.52 1.68 3.2 6.02
Southeastern Region 30.26 0.48 1.04 3.02 7.84
Unmet Need of Family Planning Methods
-10-
Unmet need for limiting methods of has been defined as the
proportion of currently married women who are neither in
menopause, nor had hysterectomy, nor are currently pregnant and
do not want any more children but are currently not using any
family planning method. The unmet need for spacing relates to
similar women but desired to have additional children after two
years and currently not using any contraception. The unmet need
for family planning is the total of unmet need for limiting and
spacing. About 22 percent of women of the state have an unmet
need for family planning. The unmet need of limiting is higher
(13.6 %) as compared to unmet need for spacing 8.7%). The
highest unmet need of limiting and spacing are recorded in
southern region (25 %) followed by southeastern region. The lowest
un met need recorded in Northeastern Region.
-11-
Figure 3 : Unmet Need of Family Planning Methods
50
45
40
35
Percentage
30
25 24.8
25 23.8
22.3
20.28
20
16.22 15.4
15 13.6 13.58 13.43
10.22 9.78
10 8.7 8.75
6.84
5
0
RAHASTHAN
Rajasthan Western Region Northeastern Southern Region Southeastern
Region Region
Unmet need for limiting Unmet need for spacing Total Unmet need
Table- 8
Unmet Need of Family Planning Methods
Name of District Unmet need Unmet need Total Unmet
for limiting for spacing need
RAJASTHAN 13.6 8.7 22.3
Western Region 13.58 10.22 23.8
Northeastern Region 13.43 6.84 20.28
Southern Region 16.22 8.75 25.0
Southeastern Region 15.4 9.78 24.8
Child Immunization
Under the Universal Immunization programme in India, it is
expected that all infant are protected against six fatal causes of
infant and child mortality, namely Tuberculosis, Diphtheria,
whooping Cough, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis and measles. Acute
respiratory infections (ARI) and diarrhea are also the concerns of
the government. Children who have received one dose each of BCG
and measles vaccines and three doses each of the DPT and polio
vaccines are considered fully Vaccinated.
-12-
Vaccination of Children
National population Policy (2000) reiterated the on going
Universal Immunization Programme as one of the strategies to
achieve hundred percent immunization of children. At present,
immunization coverage of children is lagging behind the goal of
universal immunization programme. As per the household survey
data shows in table 6.1 that about 61 percent of children age 12-35
months received BCG in the Rajasthan The highest percentage of
children age 12-35 months received BCG in southeastern region
(70.7 percent) and the lowest percentage of children age 12-35
months received BCG in western region (56.6 percent). In the
state 36.5 percent of children age 12-35 months received three
doses of DPT. The wide regional variation found in the state. The
highest number (43.7 percent) of children age 12-35 months
received three doses of DPT in southern region and lowest in
southern region (31.85 percent). Three doses of polio received of
children age 12-35 months in the state is 37.4 percent. The
regional variation is observed in three doses of polio vaccine state.
The highest number (46.5 percent) of children age 12-35 months
received three doses of polio in southeastern region and the lowest
in southern region (31.1 percent). About one third of the children
age 12-35 months received Measles in the state. Again the highest
number (46.9 percent) of children age 12-35 months received
measles in southeastern region and the lowest in southern region
(33.7 percent). Only one fourth of children age 12-35 months
received full immunization and protected against six fatal causes of
infant and child mortality in the state.
-13-
Table – 9
Immunization of Children In Age Group 12-35
Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of
Percentage of Percentage of
children age children age children age
children age children age 12-
Name of District 12-35 months 12-35 months 12-35 months
12-35 months 35 months
received POLIO received received Full
received BCG received DPT 3
3 Measles Immunization
RAHASTHAN 60.94 36.5 37.38 37.06 26.50
Western Region 56.61 36.88 38.83 36.46 26.65
Northeastern Region 62.12 36.95 36.14 36.36 26.34
Southern Region 57.02 31.85 31.1 33.75 23.42
Southeastern Region 70.72 43.72 46.54 46.90 31.82
Awareness of Women about RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS and Complications
Awareness of women about RTI/STI and HIV /AIDS is
important issue of timely identification and management of
reproductive tract infection. It is an important objective of the
Reproductive and Child heath programme. Untreated reproductive
tract infections can cause pregnancy related complications,
congenital infections, infertility, and problem chronic pain.
Reproductive tract infections (RTI) sexually transmitted infections
(STI) is a one of the major health hazard among both males and
females( Nagda 2007) Under the RCH survey information on
awareness of women about RTI/STI and HIV /AIDS was collected.
The information on prevalence of RTI/STI was also collected
through self reported symptoms by the women.
Awareness - RTI/STI, HIV (AIDS)
Table 10 presents the level of knowledge about awareness of
RTI/STI and HIV /AIDS. In Rajasthan 62 percent and 31 percent of
women was aware about RTI\STI and HIV (AIDS) respectively. The
higher awareness of women about RTI\STI reported in
Northeastern region (80.3 percent) and the lower awareness of
women about RTI\STI mentioned in western region (48.15 percent).
Awareness of women about HIV\AIDS was higher in Southern
region (34.4 percent) and lower in Western region (28.3 percent).
-14-
In all, one forth of women reported problem related to abdominal
vaginal discharge.
The highest number of women of Northeastern region (32.5
percent) suffered by abdominal vaginal discharge and lowest
number of women suffered by abdominal vaginal discharge in
Western region (17.56 percent). About half of the women (48.2
percent) who had any symptoms of RTI\STI reported in the state.
The wide regional variation observed of women had any symptom of
RTI\ST. The higher number of women of Northeastern region (51.8
percent) had any symptom of RTI \ STI . Women of the western
region had reported the lowest performance of any symptom of
RTI\STI in the state.
Table 10
Awareness of Women about RTI/STI and HIV /AIDS and Complications
Name of District Women aware Women aware Women suffered Women had any
of RTI/STI of HIV/AIDS by abdominal symptom of
vaginal discharge RTI/STI
Rajasthan 62.3 30.79 25.5 48.25
Western Region 48.15 28.30 17.56 43.38
Northeastern Region 80.30 33.15 32.51 51.87
Southern Region 50.72 34.37 22.05 45.95
Southeastern Region 60.72 30.8 27.74 51.1
-15-
Summary
The reproductive and child health (RCH) programme
that has been launched by the government in 1996-97 is expected
to provide quality services and achieve multi objectives. it ushered
a positive paradigm shift from method oriented target –based
activity to providing client–centred ,demand driven, quality
services and efforts are made to reorient provider’s attitude at
grassroots level and to strengthen the services at outreach levels.
The new approach requires decentralization of planning,
monitoring and evaluation of the services. The district being the
basic nucleus of planning and implementation of the RCH
programme, Government of India has been interested in generating
the district level data on utilization of services provided by the
Govt. health facilities, other than that based on services statistics
.It is also of interest to assess people’s perceptions on quality of
services. Therefore, it was decided to undertake district level house
hold survey under the RCH programme in the country. The present
study is based on house hold survey of Rajasthan. In the state
great variation is existed in socio-economic and geographical
situation. Therefore available data on house hold survey is analysis
on the basis of census regions. The regions wise silent findings of
the RCH indicators are as under.
The knowledge of any modern family planning method is
almost universal in the state.
The knowledge of any modern spacing method has been
found to be lowest in southern region (71.68 percent) and
highest in northeastern region (97.21 percent).
The knowledge of all the modern family planning methods is
reported only by about half of the women (52.6 percent). The
-16-
lowest knowledge of all the modern family planning methods
is reported in southern region (34.83 percent).
About 30 percent of women and less than one percent of
male are using sterilization. The lowest acceptors of
sterilization reported in southern region and the highest in
northeastern region (32.11 percent)
The current use of IUD and pills are 1.43 percent and 2.73
percent respectively. About six percent male are currently
using nirodh.
Overall contraceptive prevalence rate is 40.91 percent. The
lowest contraceptive prevalence is reported in southern
region and highest in southeastern region (42.64 percent).
Twenty two percent of women of Rajasthan have an unmet
need for family planning. The unmet need of limiting is
higher (13.6 percent) as compare to unmet need of spacing
(8.7 percent).
Total unmet need is highest in southern region (25 percent)
particular of limiting. The highest unmet need for spacing
method is reported in western region
As per the data of RCH survey of Rajasthan, only 32 percent
of the pregnant women get three, more ANC check ups, less
than half (48 percent) women receive skilled attendance at
birth, and 36 percent of women had pregnancy
complication.
More than two-third of women (69 percent) received
antenatal check-up during pregnancy. One third of
pregnant women received three and more ANC and eleven
percent women were checked-up for antenatal services at
-17-
home. Very little (4.7 percent) number of pregnant women
was received full ANC services.
The women who received any kind of ANC were the lowest in
western region. The lowest number of pregnant women who
received full ANC was reported in northeastern region (3.67
percent).
About 69 percent of women were received at least one
Tetanus toxide injection and 59 percent received at least two
Tetanus toxide injections. Western region reported the
lowest number (58 percent) of pregnant women who received
at least one Tetanus toxide injection
About one fourth (27 percent) of pregnant women consumed
one iron folic acid tablets regularly during pregnancy and
about 15 percent of pregnant women consumed two or more
iron folic acid tablets regularly during pregnancy. The lowest
consummation of at least one iron folic acid tablets regularly
during pregnancy reported in western region (21.8 percent)
and the highest (35.12 percent) consummation reported in
Southern eastern region.
Only about eight percent pregnant women received hundred
or more IFA tablets during the pregnancy. The lowest
number of pregnant women received hundred or more IFA
tablets during the pregnancy in Northeastern region (5.9
percent) and the highest in Southeastern region (11.47
percent).
About thirty one percent of women had institutional delivery
during three years period proceeding to survey. The highest
institutional delivery take place in southeastern region
(39.16 percent) and the lowest institutional delivery take
place in western region (23.2 percent).
-18-
Among the total deliveries about 64 percent deliveries took
place in Government institutions. The lowest deliveries in
government institutions are take place in western region
(57.15 Percent) and the highest in southern eastern regions
(70.12 percent).
Rajasthan has reported 48.32 percent safe delivery (either
institutional delivery or home delivery attended by Doctor\
Nurse\TBA) .it is slight higher than the national average (48
percent). The low practice of delivery assisted by skilled
persons are reported in western region (45.43 percent) and
the higher percentage of safe delivered conducted by the
trained skilled persons reported in southeastern region
(54.24 percent)
About 19 percent of women reported the complication
during the delivery. The highest percentage of complication
during the delivery is reported in southern region (24.6
percent) and the lowest percentage of delivery complication
reported in north eastern region (16.38 percent).
About 28 percent of women suffered by the post delivery
complications in the state. The highest percentage of post
delivery complications reported in Southern region (35
percent) and the lowest percentage in northeastern region
(25.24 percent).
About 19 percent of women had menstruation related
problems. The highest number of women (23 percent) had
menstruation related problems in Southeastern region and
the lowest in western region (15.32 percent)
About 61 percent of children age 12-35 months received
BCG in the Rajasthan The highest percentage of children
-19-
received BCG in southeastern region (70.7 percent) and the
lowest in western region (56.6 percent).
In the state 36.5 percent of children age 12-35 months
received three doses of DPT. The highest number (43.7
percent) of children age 12-35 months received three doses
of DPT in southern region and lowest in southern region
(31.85 percent).
Three doses of polio received of children age 12-35 months
in the state is 37.4 percent. The highest number (44.5
percent) of children age 12-35 months received three doses
of polio in southeastern region and the lowest in southern
region (31.1 percent).
About one third of the children age 12-35 months received
Measles in the state. The highest number (44.9 percent) of
children age 12-35 months received measles in southeastern
region and the lowest in southern region (33.7 percent).
Only one fourth of children age 12-35 months received full
immunization and protected against six fatal causes of
infant and child mortality in the state.
In Rajasthan 62 percent and 31 percent of women was
aware about RTI\STI and HIV (AIDS) respectively. The
higher awareness of women about RTI\STI reported in
Northeastern region (80.3 percent) and the lower awareness
of women about RTI\STI mentioned in western region (48.15
percent).
Awareness of women about HIV\AIDS was higher in
Southern region (34.4 percent) and lower in Western region
(28.3 percent).
-20-
In all, one forth of women reported problem related to
abdominal vaginal discharge. The highest number of women
in Northeastern region (32.5 percent) suffered by abdominal
vaginal discharge and lowest number in Western region
(17.56 percent).
About half of the women (48.2 percent) who had any
symptoms of RTI\STI reported in the state. The higher
number of women of northeastern region (51.8 percent) had
any symptom of RTI \ STI and women of the western region
had reported the lowest performance of any symptom of
RTI\STI.
References
Census 0f India , 2001, Directorate of census operation Govt of India new Delhi
Govt of India ,2000, National population policy (Npp) Govt of India, Ministry of
health and Family planning New Delhi.
Govt of India and IIPS ,2006 India , Reproductive and child health , District
level household survey 2002-2004. International Institute of
population Sciences Mumbai and Ministry of health and Family
planning New Delhi
Nagda B.L.,2007 , Level of AIDS awareness in Rural Areas, Indian journal of
population education No.36 march 2007 New Delhi
-21-
-22-