4 Phase Model of Project Management

							   4 Phase Model of a Project
An interpretation of the Scottish Parliament & Welsh Assembly
Four phases of a project

     • Conception

     • Development

     • Realisation

     • Termination
       Lockyer. K., Gordon. J
Four phases of a project
• Development
  –   Detailed design and specification
  –   Appoint project manager
  –   Create project team
  –   Project plan (outline)
• Conception
  –   Organisations capability
  –   Costs
  –   Required budget
  –   Product specification
  –   Capital outlay
  –   Procurement
  –   Contract conditions
Four phases of a project

• Realisation
  –   Project progress
  –   Expenditure
  –   Costs
  –   problems
• Termination
  – Success of methods used
  – Performance of then team members
  – Reliability of the suppliers
   The purpose of project phases


Projects are broken up into a number of
project phases, each of which is a
designated group of activities that normally
result in a deliverable or a milestone. Project
phases are defined to assist in control or
management of the project.
Original Model Lockyer & Gordon



    Conception       Development    Realisation    Termination




   Only a slight overlap between the phases – normal situation
  Fast Track Construction Technique
        variation (design – build)
     interpreted by David Moulton



                  Conception      Development   Realisation   Termination




Note overlap increased here.
This is where the time is saved using a fast track approach. Realisation (in this case
construction) can begin while development (in this case design) begins. Result time
saved (in theory).
The reality of the Scottish Parliament
    Interpreted by David Moulton
 Conception phase          Development phase
                                                                 Termination Phase




                                                   Termination




                                    Realisation phase

 Notice how the three phases overlap, the conception phase is still not fully
 complete even while the realisation phase is being undertaken. The many
 changes in the project required alterations to aspects of the concept and also
 changes to plans made in the development phase. The lack of clarity of the key
 objectives and which had priority (conception phase) increased risk and created
 uncertainty
        The Welsh Assembly
    Interpreted by David Moulton
                                                  Method reviewed



          Conception       Development   Realisation      Termination




The Welsh Assembly also adopted a fast track method (construction
method – design/build) similar to that used by the Scottish Parliament.
However they found that this was difficult to control in terms of cost and
time and decided to review the situation. The decision was to stop using
the fast track approach (red line) and contract to a construction
organisation on a fixed price basis. The result was a controlled budget and
completion on time.