What is VoIP

What is VoIP? Telephone Service as we know it, today… Telco PSTN, CO Switch Evolution IP Network LAN or WAN, Router IP Telephone IP Telephone 1 Some slides adapted from ANI course What is IP? Internet Protocol (IP) characteristics:      IP is a Protocol – A Method of Communication Industry Standard (De Facto) Designed for the Department of Defense (DOD) Provides for Logical Addressing of Devices Creates a robust non-centralized Network 2 Some slides adapted from ANI course Analog and Digital Voice Circuits  Analog Circuit – Referred to as a line • • Unit by which capacity is typically measured A residential line or a 1FB (Feature Group - Business) – Bandwidth is typically between 300 Hz and 3 KHz – Voice traffic is carried as a waveform  Digital Circuit – Analog voice traffic that has been “digitized” (converted to bits) for ease of transport – Bandwidth is typically 1.544Mbps – Voice traffic is carried as a stream of bits 3 Some slides adapted from ANI course Analog to Digital Conversion Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 *External microphone in use! 8-Bit Sample @ 8 KHz/Sec Analog to Digital Converter Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8 Serial Transmission Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 Bit 8 64 Kbps 4 Some slides adapted from ANI course VoIP Voice Protocols  VoIP uses two common protocols to carry your voice message – User Datagram Protocol (UDP) – Real-Time Protocol (RTP) IP UDP RTP Data VoIP Packet 5 Some slides adapted from ANI course VoIP Business Case 6 Some slides adapted from ANI course The Promise of VoIP  Single Converged Network of Voice and Data Benefit: Lower Cost  Integrating Voice into the Desktop Benefit: User Productivity 7 Some slides adapted from ANI course The State of VoIP  Are People Planning to use VoIP? YES! They’re doing it!  What is the State of the Industry? Late Prototype to Early Production  How is the Sound Quality? The Sound Quality is Excellent now 8 Some slides adapted from ANI course Benefits of VoIP      Easy Deployment and Reconfiguration Management Cost Savings: Hardware, Maintenance, Toll Charges Improved Mobility, Changing of Offices, Phone Numbers Convergence of Services, such as Conferencing Compared to TDM Phones, VoIP Phones offer – More Flexibility – More Features This Equates to Corporate Productivity Enhancement 9 Some slides adapted from ANI course VoIP Basics      PBX Functionality in an IP-based System PBX Switch operation in a LAN Enterprise to Enterprise communication IP Services (ie. Unified Messaging) – Sends voicemail messages via Email Toll Bypass – Removes connection charges paid to Carrier 10 Some slides adapted from ANI course Telco Policy Law and Precedents What we have now with the Telco:       Carrier Grade Reliability Public Safety Law Enforcement National Security Universal (affordable) Service Disabled Access 11 Some slides adapted from ANI course What is “Carrier Grade” in a Telco Network? “Carrier Grade” operation is a global Telco standard  Dialtone is provided even when local electricity is unavailable (ie. East Coast blackout of 2003)  Carrier Grade means a high level of total availability – Referred to as “Five Nines” (99.999%) – Equates to 5 minutes per year of network downtime 12 Some slides adapted from ANI course VoIP Dependencies  VoIP does not automatically imply Voice over the Internet – Voice over IP can, and is, in private IP-based networks  Complete deployment of VoIP is totally dependent on Broadband adoption – Requires acceptable bandwidth at the SOHO location 13 Some slides adapted from ANI course Consumer Acceptance of VoIP    The End User requirements and Feature Assessment must be Accurate Train the End Users, Demonstrate the Advanced Features Benchmark the Before / After performance – Currently Cable Modem and DSL can provide excellent SOHO service for Internet access  The Consumer must be comfortable with the VoIP environment – VoIP operation must be transparent to user Some slides adapted from ANI course 14 Success Stories for VoIP Services  Free World Dialup – Peer to peer (closed network) over Broadband 200,000 Users, Worldwide  Vonage – 200,000 subscribers  Shoreline – 30,000+ subscribers 15 Some slides adapted from ANI course Interoperability Challenges  In a manner similar to the networking industry, the early deployment vendors are creating proprietary implementations – Some hardware/software combinations will not scale to support large enterprises – Difficult to test interoperation with all possible vendor solutions – Testing under heavy load is not always available for newer technologies  Legacy support is critical as newer products and protocols are developed Some slides adapted from ANI course 16 Need for Standards Bodies A Standards Body provides the following benefits:    Helps to insure interoperability between vendors Provides a forum for Improvement and Technology research Helps to select the Best Overall Solution for Market Applications  Acts as a Standards Body, not as a Regulatory Agency 17 Some slides adapted from ANI course Existing Standards Bodies for VoIP and Networking       Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Standards Organization (ISO) 3G Partnership Project (3GPP/3GPP2) CableLabs 18 Some slides adapted from ANI course VoIP History   1995 VocalTec 1996 International Telecommunication Union Version 1 Draft of H.323 1999 DialPad begins Service 2001 Microsoft XP with SIP support 2001 Qwest in Boise, ID starts VoIP trials for Customers 2002 Vonage initiates Service Some slides adapted from ANI course     19 Elad Sion VoIP Vendor Devices A sample of VoIP devices available today:        20 H.323 Phones SIP Phones Software Phones (NetMeeting, Skype) USB Phones Wireless Phones (Future Cellular) PDA’s Routers/Gateways Some slides adapted from ANI course The Future of VoIP? VoIP deployments face some challenges:     Residential/Small Business VoIP Providers 9-1-1 / E9-1-1 Issues Requirement for Integrated Networks Consistent Network Infrastructure 21 Some slides adapted from ANI course SOHO VoIP Providers Vendors active in the SOHO market space        22 Voiceglo Packet 8 Vonage Iconnect Nikotel (SIP Network) Net2phone Level 3 Communications Some slides adapted from ANI course 9-1-1/E9-1-1 Issues   All Devices Should be treated as Movable Routing to the correct PSAP serving the geo/political jurisdiction where the 911 caller is physically located    Sending Proper Re-contact (call back) Information to PSAP IP PBX must get Location / Endpoint information to PSAP Cannot Rely on E.164 Numbering Plan for physical location information 23 Some slides adapted from ANI course VoIP Conclusions   VoIP is a Viable Technology, Ready to Deploy NOW! VoIP allows for Convergence of Services at the Phone or Desktop   VoIP is Easy to Manage, Deploy and Reconfigure VoIP will provide Cost Savings: Lower Toll Call Costs, Lower Equipment Cost and Lower Maintenance Costs   VoIP provides Improved Mobility VoIP Phones have More Features than TDM Phones 24 Some slides adapted from ANI course NENA-VON Coalition Agreement    Established to set minimum levels of coordination with Public Safety and NENA Does not recommend call delivery to 10 digit numbers, but rather as minimum method Recommends active contact with PSAPs or PSAP Coordinator prior to service initiation, to establish what method is to be used to deliver 9-1-1 dialed calls, and the details (See Agreement in separate document, or at the NENA website (www.nena.org) – may be updated at the website) 25 Some slides adapted from ANI course Some Ways to Receive VoI 9-1-1 Calls  NENA’s view is that Voice over Internet service providers should use the best available method for 9-1-1 calling, prior to the availability of the NENA I2 standard interface. See descriptions. 10 digit emergency number delivery should be used only for those cases where better methods can’t apply. Since many VoI subscribers are in replacement of previous wireline service that had E9-1-1, VoI subscribers should have E9-1-1 service where possible. VoI provider costs for E9-1-1 access should not be a primary issue. E9-1-1 is fundamental service, not optional. Some slides adapted from ANI course   26 Some Methods to Receive Voice over Internet 9-1-1 Calls Best choice is for as many Voice over Internet providers as possible to use initial methods to interface to the E9-1-1 systems, via a CLEC or cable provider (or ILEC?!) for subscribers using home NPA at fixed location. With the proper procedures, nomadic subscribers could voluntarily update location. Examples: Packet8 / Level3, VoxPath, CoxCable, TimeWarner, MCI and AT&T CallAdvantage may be adding this method. 10 Digit numbers are a lesser alternative, and are the only known method for handling the subset of non-home NPA subscribers. 27 Some slides adapted from ANI course A. Establish or identify a 24x7 10 digit emergency number with the CallerID feature, and set it as a priority answer equivalent to 9-1-1 trunk calls, in the ACD, on the telephone console itself, or in some other way that fits the PSAP systems. Provides callback number in most cases, for those Voice over Internet providers using CallerID. 28 Some slides adapted from ANI course B. Establish a 10 digit emergency number in a central office that call forwards, with ANI of that CO number, to the central office’s 9-1-1 trunk group into the Selective Router. For both routing control to the target PSAP, and for ALI purposes, establish a fixed ALI record against that call forward ANI, that identifies the call as a Voice over Internet call from a given area. Note that this technique could be applied by VoI service provider, using different numbers for each, or across all VoI type providers in common. Does not provide ANI of the caller. 29 Some slides adapted from ANI course C. Establish a new SR to PSAP trunk group, with its own Routing TN at the SR, for call delivery through the new PSAP trunk group. This technique allows call delivery within the 9-1-1 trunking to the 9-1-1 CPE, provides equivalent priority of answer capability, and E9-1-1 transfer capabilities, but does not provide ANI or CallerID. Call appears as an Anonymous call, but is identifiable as a VoI call due to the dedicated trunk group. 30 Some slides adapted from ANI course NENA and Internet communications providers have agreed upon the following action items: 1. For service to customers using phones that have the functionality and appearance of conventional telephones, provide 9-1-1 emergency services access (at least routing to a PSAP10-digit number) within a reasonable time (three to six months) and prior to that time inform customers of the lack of such access. 2. When a communications provider begins selling in a particular area, it should discuss with the local PSAPs or their coordinator (as identified on the NENA website) the approach to providing access. (For example, if routing to 10-digit number, confirm the correct number with the PSAP.) This obligation does not apply to any “roaming” by customers. 31 Some slides adapted from ANI course 3. Support for current NENA and industry work towards an interim solution that includes (a) delivery of 9-1-1 call through the existing 9-1-1 network, (b) providing callback number to PSAP, and (c) possibly in some cases, initial location information. The current timeline for the NENA VoIP/Packet Committee to develop its interim recommended solution is May 2004. 4. Support for current NENA and industry work towards long-term solutions that include (a) delivery of 9-1-1 call to the proper PSAP, (b) providing callback number/recontact information to the PSAP, (c) providing location of caller; and (d) PSAPs having direct IP connectivity. The initial standards development work of the NENA VoIP/Packet Committee should be completed by the end of 2004. 32 Some slides adapted from ANI course 5. Support for an administrative approach to maintaining funding of 9-1-1 resources at a level equivalent to those generated by current or evolving funding processes. 6. Consumer education. This could include projects involving various industry participants and NENA public education committee members to create suggested materials explaining any 9-1-1 differences to customers. 33 Some slides adapted from ANI course Roger Hixson Technical Issues Director NENA - The Voice of 9-1-1 614-442-9110 or 800-332-3911 rhixson@nena.org 34 Some slides adapted from ANI course