What is a spree killer?
• commits multiple murders in different locations over a few hours or several days. • do not revert back to normal behaviour during ‘breaks’
What is a folkway?
• Everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences (within a particular culture)
What is conformity?
• Process of maintaining or changing behaviour to comply with the norms established by society or subculture
What is a more?
• Strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that may not be violated without serious consequences
What is the sociological Imagination?
• The ability to see the connection between individual experiences and larger society
What are 4 gang identifiers?
• • • • • Tattoos Hand signals Graffiti Slang Rituals
What are 4 types of social research?
• • • • Experiments Surveys Secondary data Field research
What are the 4 components of culture?
• • • • Symbol Language Value Norm
Define Symbol
• Shared meaning among peple for anything that represents something else; communicate ideas
Define Language
• A way to share feelings, experience, knowledge; can be verbal or non-verbal
Define Values
• Collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad
Define norms
• Rules of behaviour.
Name 4 agents of socialization
• • • • Family Peers School Mass media
What are sanctions?
• Rewards for appropriate or penalties for inappropriate behaviour
Define peer group
• Same age (usually) • Interests • Socio-economic group
Name Freud’s levels of personality
• Id • Ego • Superego
Define looking glass self
• Cooley • A person’s sense of self derived from perceptions of others
State Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development
• Sensorimotor 0-2
– Meaning is based on sensory contact – Immediate action
• Preoperational 2-7
– Limited logic – Begin to use words as metal symbols – Limited logic
Cont’d
• Concrete 7-11
– Draw conclusions about consequences – Take the role of others – Empathize with others
• Formal 12…
– Highly abstract thought & understanding – Think about future
What is labelling theory?
• Process of labelling directly related to the power of status of those who do the labelling
• Has significant impact on self image and social adjustment
What is opportunity theory?
• Circumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire though illegitimate activities what they cannot get through legitimate ways.
June 12 – Review Questions
Multiple Choice
• The idea that individuals are less likely to be deviant when they are connected to outside agents of socialization is most closely associated with:
a. Social Bond Theory. b. Opportunity Theory. c. Differential Association Theory. d. Containment Theory.
• Social Bond Theory
What are the strengths of experiments?
• • • • Control Takes little time Costs little money Easy to replicate (do over)
Name one major weakness of experiments?
• Artificial (fake)
What are the strengths of surveys?
• Large population • Without interviews
What are the weaknesses of surveys?
• Forced answers • Not hard facts
What is social bond theory?
• Probability of deviance increases when a person’s ties to society are weakened or broken
What is the Macdonald Triad?
• • • • 3 warning signs during childhood fire-starting Cruelty to animals Bedwetting (beyond the age it usually stops)
Define Deviance
• Any behaviour that violates cultural norms
What is Urbanization?
• A process where an increasing proportion of the population lives in cities rather than rural areas
What are the 5 ways of knowing the world?
• • • • • Personal experience Tradition Authority Religion Science
What is non-material culture?
• • • • • • Ideas Symbols Language Values Norms Attitudes
What did Kohlberg study?
• Moral development (3 levels)
What is ethnocentrism?
• Tendency to regard one’s own culture and group as normal, therefore superior.
What is cultural lag?
• Gap between technological advances of a society and it’s moral, legal institutions • Cloning is an example
What characterizes a disorganized killer?
• Often low intelligence • Their crimes committed impulsively • Usually don’t bother to dispose of the body (instead leaves it at the scene) • Often jumps out and attacks without warning
What is culture shock?
• The disorientation people feel when they encounter cultures radically different than their own
What is role-taking and who defined it?
• Mead • Process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another in order to understand the world