R95129007 戲研二 張宛婷
前言
Many different topics are included under the rubric of globalization─ global governance, global citizenship, human rights, migration and the creation of diasporas, transnational connections of various kinds…… Globalization is an essentially contested concept.─ plural processes
前言─ 2
The object approach: globalization as an object, a perspective and a horizon (Velho 1997)─sufficient reflexivity, on a different complexion, the world as a whole 全球化論述開始發展：1989柏林圍牆倒 塌之後→ 廣義的、經濟的 Anti-globalization movement was a part of the globalization process.
前言─3
Policies by the more affluent nations: open markets, free trade, deregulation and privatization. → neoliberalism → TNCs multidimensional vs. unidimensional(economic) Issues from the emphasis upon the world as becoming singular ─ ex. migration and hybridization
全球化過程的要素
Connectivity( interconnectedness) vs. consciousness The clash of civilizations (Samuel Huntington 1993, 1996)→ Globalization involves much more. ex. The ‘Judeo-Christian’ vs. the Islamic Middle East + Muslims in south and south-east Asia. ◎ having to do with scarce resources
全球化的面向
The cultural, the social, the political and the economic McDonaldization (Ritzer 2000)→ it is necessary to adapt brands to local circumstances, but the way to sell goods is very similar. social interaction and communication in the process of globalization
全球化的形式
Based on ‘the modern world-system’ (Immanuel Wallerstein 1974, 1980, 1989) 1. international-systemic aspect 2. the concept of humanity 3. individual selves 4. the nation-state
全球在地化(全球地方化)
The local / the global
Concept of diffusion What happens after globalization? ─ a globalized world? ─ self-limiting and not
全球化與全球史觀
「全球化」是比單純的全球的變化(mere global change)更狹義的概念 全球化 vs. 在地認同 制定全球化的各種階段
結論
Increasing global connectivity and increasing global consciousness Focused upon nation-states, world politics, individuals, and humankind. Four major facets of human life ─ the cultural, the social, the political and the economic. Not reifying globalization Effective and plausible critical analysis