The history of the Internet From ARPANET to Internet

The history of the Internet From ARPANET to Internet November 9, 2006 by Róbert Károly Table of content 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. History of the Internet A new protocol is needed Further development Services Summary Sources 1. History of the Internet >> CONTENT 1. History of the Internet << Table of content A little excursion back to history lessons: After WW 2 the USA is the only country having nuclear weapons. 1949 the Soviets did their first nuclear test. The arms race began. 2. A new protocol is needed >> 01 / 22 1. History of the Internet << Table of content What‘s this? Sputnik 1 > The first satellite in orbit. Caused the Sputnik-shock. 2. A new protocol is needed >> 02 / 22 1. History of the Internet << Table of content What has that all to do with the Internet? 1. Sputnik was the worlds first satellite in orbit. 2. The Ministry of Defense of the USA founded the ARPA (= Advanced Research Projects Agency). 1965: Pentagon commissions the development of an fail-proof network. 2. A new protocol is needed >> 03 / 22 1. History of the Internet << Table of content Example of an decentralised network: 2. A new protocol is needed >> 04 / 22 1. History of the Internet << Table of content The ARPANET (1969) was born. University of Utah (Salt Lake City), Stanford Research Institute (Menlo Park) and the University of California of Los Angeles Santa Barbara. It looked like this: The connections were established by telephone lines. More universities and research facilities got connected soon. 2. A new protocol is needed >> 05 / 22 1. History of the Internet << Table of content The ARPANET in December 1970: 2. A new protocol is needed >> 06 / 22 1. History of the Internet << Table of content The ARPANET in July 1975: 2. A new protocol is needed >> 07 / 22 1. History of the Internet << Table of content 1972 ARPA is being renamed to DARPA. Ray Tomlinson writes the first E-Mail program (1972). 1973 the ARPANET is getting international: University College of London (England) and Royal Radar Establishment (Norway) joined. 2. A new protocol is needed >> 08 / 22 2. A new protocol is needed << 1. History of the Internet The quick growth of the network and the upcoming of different systems made a new protocol necessary. What is a protocol? A protocol defines several rules for the communication in and between the networks. TCP/IP is beeing created. What does TCP/IP do? TCP/IP divides the data you want to send in several packages. 3. Further development >> 09 / 22 2. A new protocol is needed << 1. History of the Internet Every package get‘s a unique number, an common checksum, an sender and an receiver for it‘s way through the net. The package get‘s sent through several ways to the receiver, passing many nodes. Once every package arrived at the receiver they get put in order and form the data (e.g. files) they were before the transmission. 1982:TCP/IP is getting the standard-protocol in ARPANET. 3. Further development >> 10 / 22 3. Further development << 2. A new protocol is needed UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy) is delivered 1978 with UNIX. It gives UNIX computers the possibility to exchange files between each other by telephone line. Later on it became a huge notice board with discussion groups. => The USENET was born. „Poor mans ARPANET.“ 4. Services >> 11 / 22 3. Further development << 2. A new protocol is needed 1983: The existing ARPAnet is being divided in the civil, further on ARPANET called, net and the military MILNET. 1986: The NSF (National Science Foundation) founds the NSFNET. The planed join of the NSFNET to the ARPANET didn‘t happen. 4. Services >> 12 / 22 3. Further development << 2. A new protocol is needed Early 90s: Existing, by TCP/IP communicating, networks are getting joined by gateways. 1990: The ARPANET discontinued it‘s work. The NSFNET slips into the role of the ARPANET. 1991: The WWW (World-Wide-Web) starts it‘s services. Jan. 1992: The ISOC (Internet Society) is formed. => The word Internet appears. 1994: The Internet grows through out the university areas. 4. Services >> 13 / 22 3. Further development << 2. A new protocol is needed Shopping by creditcard „at the screen“ becomes possible. Thank god! 1994 it‘s finally possible: … … you can order pizza from Pizza Hut through the internet! 4. Services >> 14 / 22 3. Further development << 2. A new protocol is needed The Internet boom began. Questions about security come up / Encryptiontechnologies are being developed. The growth of the net makes Internet-cafés appear everywhere. The Internet becomes obscure. Obscure data flow brings the censorship of undesireable data (right wing extreme stuff, pornography, tutorials for building weapons, and so on) in the center of public medias view. 4. Services >> 15 / 22 3. Further development << 2. A new protocol is needed 1996 begins an browser war between Netscape and Microsoft. The development of the WWW is being pushed by that. The WWW becomes more and more multimedia-based. The spectrum of information and commercial offers on the Internet seems to be endless. 4. Services >> 16 / 22 4. Services << 3. Further development E-Mail: Allows sending messages to other users of the net. WWW: A huge informationarchive. Search engines: Helps searching the web for specific information. Homebanking: Allows doing transactions and other bank related things at home – everytime. 5. Summary >> 17 / 22 4. Services << 3. Further development Chat: Allows realtime-talking to other “Chatters“ via the Internet. Shopping is also possible on the Internet. File sharing services allow exchanging files with other users. Telephoning via the Internet is also possible and much cheaper aswell. Those are only a few of the uncountable services on the Internet. 5. Summary >> 18 / 22 5. Summary << 4. Services 1957: Sputnik-shock – The soviet republic starts the first orbital satellite. 1969: The ARPANET started. 1973: England and Norway join the ARPANET. 1978: UUCP is published by UNIX. => USENET. 1982: TCP/IP becomes the standard-protocol for the ARPANET. 1983: The ARPANET is being divided in civile ARPANET and the military purposes used for MILNET. 1986: The NSFNET was found. 1990: The ARPANET discontinues it‘s work. The NSFNET overtakes it‘s role. 6. Sources >> 19 / 22 5. Summary << 4. Services 1991: The WWW service becomes published on the net. 1992: The ISOC (Internet Society) was found. 1994: The first online-shops appear. Finally: You can order pizza from Pizza Hut online. The Internetboom starts. 2000: Love Letter is the first virus which plentifully spreads through the net. 6. Sources >> 20 / 22 6. Sources << 5. Summary Report: http://www.fundus.org/pdf.asp?ID=12467 Report: http://www.fundus.org/pdf.asp?ID=6468 Internet: http://www.michaelkaul.de/Geschichte/geschichte.html Internet: http://www.saar.de/vhs_info/node117.html Internet: http://www.babbage.demon.co.uk/morseabc.html Pictures: Google Bilder Finally… >> 21 / 22 Finally… << 6. Sources This presentation will be published by my on the net. You can download it on: My website: www.ro-ka.net Thank you for listening. Any questions? Allright, we‘re done >> 22 / 22