Agricultural Sciences MEMORANDUM PAPER 2 GRADE 10

							Agricultural Sciences MEMORANDUM

PAPER 2 GRADE 10

QUESTION 1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 B C A C A A A D 8x2 1.2.1 Minimum cultivation / no- till [16]

1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8

Mono culture / mono cropping Mulching Subsistence farming Cash-crop farming Leguminaceae Humification Oxidation 8 X 1 [8]

1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3

D B C 3x2 [6]

1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5

D D A A C 5x2 E C B D A 5 X 1 [5] [10]

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QUESTION 2 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 (a) melted rock / cooled down gas (2) (2)

Soil is formed in the crust where agricultural production takes place Igneous rocks form due to cooling down of magna. Granite – very deep cooling down slowly. Dolorite/ gabbro / basalt – shallow with a fine structure

(5) 2.1.4 Weathering (2) [11]

2.2.1

Climate Vegetation Topography Man Time (4)

2.2.2

Running water because of the sparse vegetation (3)

2.2.3

Chemical weathering – plant roots gives of CO2 which bind with soil water to form carbonic acid (3) -contours / terraces -ground cover / mulching -humus in soil - improves water absorption - controlled irrigation Any 2 (2)

2.2.4

2.2.5 2.2.6

c – plant cover is sparse and therefore reduces variation between day and night temperature 1 + 1 reasons (2) Sedimentary rocks (2) [16] -A practice where -all the plants are -removed from the soil (3)

2.3.1

2.3.2

-destroys structure and there fore -weakens aeration -weakens water infiltration -weakens water capacity -hampers root penetration -difficult to till Any (5) [8]

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QUESTION 3 3.1.1 A - earthworm B - mole 2 X 1 (2) 3.1.2 Biological and physical 2 X 1 (2) 3.1.3 –Improved aeration of soil -Improved infiltration of water

-Easier to till -Better root penetration Any 3.2.1 –Base – maize stalks -organic material e.g. grass and leaves -manure -wood ash -lime -topsoil -dry leaves -water Any 3.2.2 -Wire pushed into centre of compost heap – warm when taken out after 24 hrs -Open slightly – warm centre -Push hand in – warm inside any 1 X 2 -Improved structure -Improved aeration -Improved inflitration -Improved water capacity -Easier tillage -Better root penetration Any (5) [13] (6) 3 X 1 (3) [7]

(2)

3.2.3

3.3 -Dung of cattle will fertilize the soil and -The urine will provide moisture and -Helps to form humus. -After removing the cattle, the dung must be dug into the soil immediately to provide organic matter. [4] 3.4.1 Enough food and variety of food types to ensure balanced meals are provided for the whole family. (2)

3.4.2

-Milk / cheese / yoghurt / any dairy products -Meat / fish -Beans -Eggs Any 1 (1)

3.4.3 3.4.4

fats. Protein

(1) (1)

3.4.5

The human body needs various minerals, vitamins, proteins and carbohydrates. These will be supplied if a balanced diet is taken. (3) (a) (b) (c) Wheat / potato / maize or mealies Sunflower / animal fats eg. Dripping from pigs or dairy (butter from milk) Meat from animals cow, chicken, fish / dairy products eg. milk. 3 X 1 (3)

3.4.6

[11]

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QUESTION 4 4.1.1 -Rotational grazing – camps rest to recover -Crop rotation - soil minerals replenished 2 X 2 (4) 4.1.2 -Overgrazing - no rotation of grazing in camps -Over tiling - soil structure broken down - Mono crop cultivation - soil not being replenished 3 X 1 (3) 4.1.3 Over populated - carrying capacity of veld exceeded (2)

4.1.4

-Lessen number of animals -Build camps and practice rotational grazing -Crop rotation practices e.g. rotate with legumes to replenish nitrogen Any 2 X 1 Human activity where by the ecosystem is damaged

(2) [11]

4.2.1 4.2.2

(2) -Excessive use of artificial fertilizers -Animal droppings – grazing next to rivers -Human droppings / faeces (no toilets) -Industrial waste -Chemical contamination - pesticide residues in drinking water -Excessive use of artificial fertilizers(Nitrogen in water – -Over growth of water plants – decreases oxygen levels in water – causes death of water organism -e.g. Fish populations - resulting in rotting and deterioration of water quality -Polluted water (chemical and organic) -Diseases – e.g. -diarrhoea / cholera / typhoid / Bilharzia / pneumonia / malaria / Any 3 X 1 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 Trellising / twist bean stalk around string or reed 5 cm –lessen competition for minerals, sunlight, water -prevents spreading of diseases e.g. fungal -tillage - easier (3) 4.3.4 (a) (b) direct sunlight 1 X 2 (2) Season: -frost free - autumn to spring -frost areas - spring summer 1X 2 (2) (3) (1) (1)

(5)

4.2.3

4.3.5

Growth period = 60 days 29 days in Sept. + 31 days in Oct. = 60 Therefore first pick = 31 October (2) [14]

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