The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2 O and NOx

							The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2O and NOx Emissions Reduction from Nitric Acid Plants
- A Leading Technology -

The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2O and NOX Emissions Reduction from Nitric Acid Plants
Introduction – N2O Abatement Methods Process Development Programme

EnviNOx® Operating Experience – AMI, Linz

Current Developments – Further EnviNOx® implementations – CDM Methodology EnviNOx® - A Leading Technology

N2O Abatement in Nitric Acid Plants
Classification

1) “Primary” 2)“Secondary”

Tailgas to Stack

1 Ammonia Converter 2 Boiler
NO Gas

3) “Tertiary”

Water

SCR Absorber

Air

3
Ammonia Gas

Nitric Acid Product

Reasons for Uhde´s Decision to Develop Tertiary N2O Abatement
End-of-pipe technology, therefore No contact with product - no possibility of product contamination No contact with intermediate product stream - no chance of Ammonia / NO losses Analogous to established SCR for NOx abatement Physical space not restricted Very high rates of N2O removal possible Low pressure drop possible N2O concentration measurement upstream and downstream Verifiable, transparent method, actual N2O reduction will be credited, No historical baseline method Maximum carbon credits

The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2O and NOX Emissions Reduction from Nitric Acid Plants
Introduction – N2O Abatement Methods Process Development Programme

EnviNOx® Operating Experience – AMI, Linz

Current Developments – Further EnviNOx® implementations – CDM Methodology EnviNOx® - A Leading Technology

Uhde N2O / NOX Abatement Catalyst Test Unit

Location AMI, Linz, Austria Commissioned 2000 Reactor Trains Two Analysers Multicomponent FT-IR, CLD (NOx) Temperature Range Up to 550° C

Uhde N2O / NOX Abatement Catalyst Test Unit Results
N2O Decomposition
100%

Uhde/Süd-Chemie EnviCat®-N2O-1

90%

Pressure enhances N2O decomposition High NOx enhances N2O decomposition

N2O Decomposition

80%

70%

60%
upstream of SCR, NOx=500 ppm downstream of SCR, NOx=100 ppm

50% 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Pressure (bar g)

Uhde N2O / NOX Abatement Catalyst Test Unit Results
NOx Reduction with Ammonia
100%

High rates of NOx removal Wide temperature range ~200° to ~500° C C

NOx Reduction (%)

80%

60%

40%
Uhde/Süd-Chemie EnviCat®-NOx

20%

0% 0 200 400 600 800 1000

Ammonia Flowrate (mLiter/min)

Uhde EnviNOx® Technology
Process Variant 1

EnviCat®-N2O-1

EnviCat®-NOx

Uhde EnviNOx® Technology
Process Variant 1

Key characteristics

Key features
EnviCat®-N2O-1

Very high N2O decomposition rates NOx removal down to < ~10 ppm Low NH3 consumption

EnviCat®-NOx

Best at temperatures ≥ ~425° C Standalone DeNOx also possible, T range ~200° – 500° C C

Uhde N2O / NOX Abatement Catalyst Test Unit Results
N2O Reduction with Hydrocarbons
100% 90% 80%

N2ON2O Co nv ersio n Conversion

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 200

Inlet conditions T N2O NOX NH3 CH4 350° C 1700 ppm 15 ppm 50 ppm varied

Uhde/Süd-Chemie EnviCat®-N2O-2
300 400 500

600

700

800

CH4 Inlet Concentration ppmv

Uhde EnviNOx® Technology
Process Variant 2

EnviCat®-NOx

EnviCat®-N2O-2

Uhde EnviNOx® Technology Process Variant 2

Key features
EnviCat®-NOx

Very high N2O reduction rates ~98% NOx removal down to ~0 ppm Moderate HC & NH3 consumption

EnviCat®-N2O-2

Wide temperature range: ~300° to ~500° C C Also possible to combine NOx and N2O abatement in one bed.

The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2O and NOX Emissions Reduction from Nitric Acid Plants
Introduction – N2O Abatement Methods Process Development Programme

EnviNOx® Operating Experience – AMI, Linz

Current Developments – Further EnviNOx® implementations – CDM Methodology EnviNOx® - A Leading Technology

EnviNOx® Process Variant 1
Implementation in 2003 Company Agrolinz Melamine International (AMI) Location Linz, Austria Process Dual pressure Plant capacity 1,000 t/d HNO3 Tail gas 120,000 Nm3/h Tail gas temperature 435° C

EnviNOx® Process
Plant operating data
AMI HNO3 Plant Line E - Uhde EnviNOx Process Variant 1 N2O Removal Rate and NOX Exit Concentration
100% 90% N2O percentage removal rate 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 200 400 600 800
® ®

250 N2O percentage removal rate NOX outlet conc. (ppmv) 200

150

100

Reactor outlet NOX concentration

50

1000

0 1200

Days since initial start-up of EnviNOx reactor

EnviNOx® Process Variant 1 at AMI - Performance
Contribution to Environmental Protection

Achieved in 3½ years of operation N2O reduction rate 98% - 99% Greeenhouse gas emission reduction >600,000 tCO2e/year NOx at outlet Currently <10 ppm Depending on ammonia feed rate No ammonia slip

The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2O and NOX Emissions Reduction from Nitric Acid Plants
Introduction – N2O Abatement Methods Process Development Programme

EnviNOx® Operating Experience – AMI, Linz

Current Developments – Further EnviNOx® implementations – CDM Methodology EnviNOx® - A Leading Technology

Uhde EnviNOx® Technology
Process Variant 2

EnviCat®-NOx

EnviCat®-N2O-2

EnviNOx® Process Variant 2 – with Natural Gas
Implementation in 2006 Company Abu Qir Fertilizers and Chemical Industries (AFC) Location Abu Qir, Egypt Plant AFC 2 Process Dual pressure Plant capacity 1,830 t/d HNO3 Tail gas 230,000 Nm3/h Tail gas temperature 415° C

EnviNOx® Process
Plant operating data
Abu Qir 2 HNO3 Plant, Egypt - Uhde EnviNOx Process Variant 2 N2O Removal Rate and NOX Exit Concentration
100% 99% N2O percentage removal rate 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 02.10.06
Reactor outlet NOX concentration N2O percentage removal rate
®

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
30.10.06 27.11.06 25.12.06 22.01.07 19.02.07

Date

NOX outlet concentration (ppmv)

EnviNOx® Process Variant 2 – for AFC in 2006
Contribution to Environmental Protection

Achieved Performance Greeenhouse gas emission reduction >1.1 Million tCO2e/year
(= 250 MW gas-fired power station)

NOx at outlet < 1 ppm No ammonia slip

EnviNOx® Process Variant 2 – with Propane
Implementation in 2007 Company HU-CHEMS Location Yeosu, Korea Plant #2 and #3 nitric acid plants Process Mono high pressure Plant capacity 2 x 300 t/d HNO3 Tail gas 41,000 Nm3/h Tail gas temperature 360° C Achieved Performance Greeenhouse gas emission reduction ~300,000 tCO2e/year x 2 NOx at outlet < 3 ppm No ammonia slip

EnviNOx® Process Variant 1 – (like AMI System)
Implementation in 2006 Company HU-CHEMS Location Yeosu, Korea Plant #4 nitric acid plant Process Dual pressure Plant capacity 1,150 t/d HNO3 Tail gas 150,000 Nm3/h Tail gas temperature 435° C Achieved Performance Greeenhouse gas emission reduction ~750,000 tCO2e/year NOx at outlet ~ 25 ppm No ammonia slip

EnviNOx® Process
Plant operating data
Hu-Chems No. 4 HNO3 Plant, Korea - Uhde EnviNOx Process Variant 1 N2O Removal Rate and NOX Exit Concentration
100% 99% N2O percentage removal rate 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 12.01.07
Reactor outlet NOX concentration N2O percentage removal rate
®

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 23.02.07 NOX outlet concentration (ppmv)

26.01.07

09.02.07

Date

Uhde EnviNOx® Technology and the Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol

Applies to 6 greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFC, PFC 5% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions against 1990 level Obligations apply only to signatory industrialised (“Annex I”) countries First Commitment Period of Kyoto Protocol = 2008 – 2012 Greenhouse gas reductions to take place mainly within own country Flexible Mechanisms for cross-border transfer of emission reductions

Uhde EnviNOx® Technology and the Kyoto Protocol The Three Flexible Mechanisms
Emissions Trading (ET) Emission rights are traded within and between industrialised countries Joint Implementation (JI) Emission reductions achieved in host industrialised country 1 are credited to industrialised country 2 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Similar to JI except that host country is developing country without any Kyoto obligations

Uhde EnviNOx® Technology and the Kyoto Protocol CDM Projects and Methodologies
EnviNOx® implementations in HU-CHEMS #2/#3 and #4 NA Plants and Abu Qir Fertilizers are CDM Projects under Kyoto Protocol Projects conform to Approved CDM Methodology AM0028

An AM is precondition for generation of saleable CO2 credits AM0028:
Submitted for Abu Qir Project Approved March 2006 First Approved CDM Methodology for N2O emission reduction in Nitric Acid Plants Generally valid - applies to all EnviNOx® variants (but not to Secondary N2O Abatement Technologies!)

Uhde EnviNOx® Technology and the Kyoto Protocol Value of CDM or JI Project with EnviNOx® Technology
Calculation Example for 1,000 t/d HNO3 Plant Expected Annual N2O Emission Reduction: = 130,000 Nm3/h x 24 h/d x 350 d/year x 1,000 ppmv N2O x 10-6 x 44 kg/kmol / 22.4 m3/kmol /1,000 kg/t x 97% reduction 2 050 t N2O/a

=

Annual CO2e Credits: = = ≅ ≅ 2 050 t N2O/year x 310 t CO2e/tN2O ~ 630,000 tCO2e/year ~ 3 millions €/year (5 €/tCO2e) ~ 6 millions €/year (10 €/tCO2e)

The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2O and NOX Emissions Reduction from Nitric Acid Plants
Introduction – N2O Abatement Methods Process Development Programme

EnviNOx® Operating Experience – AMI, Linz

Current Developments – Further EnviNOx® implementations – CDM Methodology EnviNOx® - A Leading Technology

The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2O and NOX Emissions Reduction from Nitric Acid Plants A Leading Technology
Proven technology – more than 3.5 years at AMI 1000 t/d plant, 5 systems in commercial operation successfully

End of pipe process – no chance of product loss, contamination Non-toxic catalyst – easy handling, disposal

Very high rates of N2O abatement ~98% at AMI Very low NOx emissions AMI <10 ppm achieved, Abu Qir, HU-CHEMS #2 / #3 <1 ppm achieved Approved Methodology AM0028 for CDM Projects available now Maximum Carbon Credits Due to transparent quantification of emission reduction

The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2O and NOx Reference List
Completion Company Plant Site 2003 Agrolinz Melamine International Linz, Austria 2006 Abu Qir Fertilizer Company Alexandria, Egypt 2007 Hu-Chems Fine Chemical Corporation Yeosu, South Korea 2007 Hu-Chems Fine Chemical Corporation Yeosu, South Korea 2007 Hu-Chems Fine Chemical Corporation Yeosu, South Korea 2007 Nitrogenmüvek Zrt. Petfürdö, Hungary 2 2 2 1 2 Process Variant 1 Capacity 1000 t/d Type: Dual Pressure Capacity 1830 t/d Type: Dual Pressure Capacity 1150 t/d Type: Dual Pressure Capacity 300 t/d Type: Mono-high Pressure Capacity 300 t/d Type: Mono-high Pressure Capacity 1500 t/d Type: Dual Pressure Uhde Carbon Projektentwicklung Uhde Carbon Projektentwicklung Uhde Carbon Projektentwicklung Uhde Carbon Projektentwicklung Grande Paroisse Nitric Acid Plant Data Licensor of NA plant / Cabon Trader Uhde 0.50 mio t CDM 1.4 mio t CDM 0.62 mio t CDM 0.33 mio t CDM 0.33 mio t JI 0.99 mio t Kind of Project / CO2 Red./Year

The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2O and NOx Reference List
Completion Company Plant Site 2007 Omnia Fertilizer Ltd. Sasolburg, South Africa 2007 Enaex S.A. Mejilloes, Chile 2007 Undisclosed Client 1 2 Process Variant 2 Capacity 750 t/d Type: Dual Pressure Capacity 925 t/d Type: Mono-high Pressure Capacity 710 t/d Type: Dual Pressure 2007 Undisclosed Client 1 Capacity 1600 t/d Type: Dual Pressure 1.20 mio t 0.65 mio t Uhde Nitric Acid Plant Data Licensor / Cabon Trader Uhde Kind of Project / CO2 Red./Year CDM 0.58 mio t CDM 0.93 mio t

The Uhde EnviNOx® Process for N2O and NOX Emissions Reduction from Nitric Acid Plants A Leading Technology

Thank-you