Quick reference

- Quick reference - MANUAL Quick reference This quick reference summarises the information needed for running the Windows version for the Calculation of Air Pollution from Road Traffic program (CAR INTERNATIONAL). 1. Results of CAR International The CAR INTERNATIONAL program calculates concentrations of air pollution near roads at a distance to the road axis in the range 5 to 30 meter. The following concentrations are calculated for CO, NO2 , benzene, lead, soot and a user-defined substance: a. Average yearly concentration in µg/m (lead, soot and user defined substance) b. 98- percentile of average concentrations over 1 h in µg/m c. 98- percentile of average concentrations over 8 h in µg/m 3 3 3 3 d. 98- percentile of average concentrations over 24 h in µg/m 2. Hardware requirements CAR INTERNATIONAL requires a MS-DOS computer, Windows, harddisk and a 3.5” disk drive. A colour monitor (VGA) and a printer are recommended. 3. Installing and running CAR INTERNATIONAL Before installing CAR INTERNATIONAL make a working copy of the original diskette. Use the copy diskette for installing CAR INTERNATIONAL. - Quick reference - MANUAL A. Installing CAR INTERNATIONAL (Windows95) and starting the program from the computer desktop: 1. Go to My Computer and select a hard disk 2. Create a folder on the hard disk and enter the folder name CAR_INT 3. Copy the files from the CAR INTERNATIONAL (demo) diskette to the folder CAR_INT 4. Create a shortcut and enter the command line (in case of hard disk C): C:\CAR_INT\TBOOK CAR_INT.TBK 5. Enter for the shortcut the name CAR INTERNATIONAL 6. To select the CAR INTERNATIONAL icon select the shortcut properties 7. Select tab Shortcut and press the Change Icon button 8. Browse the C:\CAR_INT\CAR.ico icon 9. Press Apply and OK button B. Installing CAR INTERNATIONAL (Windows 3.1) and starting the program by icon: 1. Create a directory CAR_INT on the harddisk 2. Copy the files from the copy diskette to the directory CAR_INT 3. Start the Windows filemanager 4. Create a programme group CAR INTERNATIONAL 5. Select New Program 6. Fill out: Description : CAR INTERNATIONAL Command line: C:\CAR_INT\TBOOK CAR_INT.tbk Work directory: C:\CAR_INT 7. Select Change icon: Browse and select C:\CAR_INT\CAR.ICO 8. Start CAR INTERNATIONAL by double clicking the CAR INTERNATIONAL icon C. Installing CAR INTERNATIONAL and starting the program from the DOS-prompt: 1. Create a directory CAR_INT on the hard disk 2. Copy the files from the copy diskette to the directory CAR_INT 3. Go to the directory CAR_INT - Quick reference - MANUAL 4. Type CAR and press ENTER Assumptions: - Drive letter of hard disk is C - Windows is installed in the directory C:\WINDOWS Modify the batch file CAR_INT.BAT in case the hard disk has an other drive letter and/or Windows is installed in an other directory. When leaving the programme changes in the data-base will be saved automatically. 4. Street database, calculations, reporting results and modifying system parameters The ‘Main menu’ screen shows four options: 1. Edit street database and system parameters • add, modify or delete street data • modify emission factors, fraction directly emitted NO2, background concentrations and wind speed • define a user substance 2. Calculate concentrations • calculate the yearly average concentrations and /or percentiles for CO, NO2 , benzene, lead, soot and optional concentrations of a user-defined substance. 3. Report results by substance • results are displayed or can be printed for one substance for all streets in the street database. 4. Report results by street • results are displayed or can be printed for one street for all substances. The user can modify the emission factors of CO, NOx , benzene, lead and soot for cars and heavy-duty traffic (trucks and buses). Further the fraction of directly emitted NO2, the city background concentrations and regional background concentration and the wind speed can be modified. ‘Default’ values are related - Quick reference - MANUAL to the emission factors and environmental parameters applicable in the Netherlands. N.B.: A modified factor becomes actual after saving the value in the system database. The initial values can be selected (again) by pressing the ‘Default - The Netherlands’ button. - Quick reference - MANUAL Press button ‘System parameters’ if one or more values of the factors as listed below is (are) known. Table 1 Factors user can change Parameter Emission factors for CO, NOx, benzene, lead , soot and a user defined substance Percentage directly emitted NO2 City/regional background concentration (CO, NOx, benzene, lead, soot and a user defined substance) Yearly average wind speed (at 10 m height) Unit g/km/vehicle % µg/m3 m/s Appendix B gives ‘default’ emission factors. The input data, i.e. data for which the default values are supplied, are listed in Table 2. Table 2. Necessary input data Input data Unit Restrictions Street name Number of vehicles per day Percentage -duty of heavy traffic and buses Speed type Road type Tree factor City diameter Distance from road axis to exposure area vehicles/day % between 100 and 150000 between 0 and 100% km m a, b, c, d 1, 2, 3a, 3b,4 1,00, 1,25, 1,5 between 0 an 50 km between 5 and 30 meter - Quick reference 5. Speed types MANUAL CAR INTERNATIONAL uses four speed types. A description is given in Table 3. Table 3. Description of speed type Type Va Vb Vc Vd Average Description speed (km/h) 100 Representative for the average speed of vehicles on a motorway 44 Representative for the average speed of vehicles on a road with a maximum speed of 70 km/h 22 Representative of the average speed of city traffic 13 Representative of the speed of stagnating traffic, due to stopping for traffic lights or road crossings 6. Tree factor The tree factor represents the influence of trees on the dispersion of air pollution. There are three options. A description is given in Table 4. Table 4. Description of the tree factor Value Description 1,00 1,25 1,50 Very few or no trees on either side of the street Trees on one side of the street Trees on both side of the street . The tops touch each other. - Quick reference 7. Road types MANUAL CAR International is based on five road types. A short description is given below. Type 1 A road through open field, where there are no or very few buildings within a distance of 100 metres. Figure 1. Road type 1: road through an open field. Type 2 Base type. All roads differing from types 1, 3a, 3b, or 4. Figure 2. Road type 2: base type. Type 3a Roads with buildings on both sides. The buildings are situated at a distance from the road axis of less than 3 times the height of the building. - Quick reference - MANUAL Figure 3. Road type 3a: road with buildings on both sides. Type 3b Special version of 3a. Road with buildings on both sides. The buildings are situated at a distance from the road axis of less than 1.5 times the height of the buildings. Figure 4. Road type 3b: special version of 3a. Type 4 Road with buildings on one side. The buildings are situated at a distance from the road axis of less than 3 time the height of the buildings. Figure 5. Road type 4: road with buildings on one side.