Migrating to Struts 2 A tutorial for Struts 1 Developers

Migrating to Struts 2 A tutorial for Struts 1 Developers Struts University Series Migrating to Struts 2 A tutorial for Struts 1 Developers Struts University Series Ted? Who's Ted? Apache Software Foundation Member Apache Struts & Apache iBATIS PMCs JUnit in Action, Struts in Action, and Professional JSP Site Design Consult with teams throughout the United States Still working with the OK DEQ Ted? Who's Ted? Apache Software Foundation Member Apache Struts & Apache iBATIS PMCs JUnit in Action, Struts in Action, and Professional JSP Site Design Consult with teams throughout the United States Still working with the OK DEQ Ted? Who's Ted? Apache Software Foundation Member Apache Struts & Apache iBATIS PMCs JUnit in Action, Struts in Action, and Professional JSP Site Design Consult with teams throughout the United States Still working with the OK DEQ Ted? Who's Ted? Apache Software Foundation Member Apache Struts & Apache iBATIS PMCs JUnit in Action, Struts in Action, and Professional JSP Site Design Consult with teams throughout the United States Still working with the OK DEQ Ted? Who's Ted? Apache Software Foundation Member Apache Struts & Apache iBATIS PMCs JUnit in Action, Struts in Action, and Professional JSP Site Design. Consult with teams throughout the United States Still working with the OK DEQ Ted? Who's Ted? Apache Software Foundation Member Apache Struts & Apache iBATIS PMCs JUnit in Action, Struts in Action, and Professional JSP Site Design. Consult with teams throughout the United States Still working with the OK DEQ Migrating to Struts 2 Help Struts 1 developers become knowledgeable Struts 2 developers as quickly as possible Migrate Struts 1 application to Struts 2 Intended for experienced Java web developers Migrating to Struts 2 Help Struts 1 developers become knowledgeable Struts 2 developers as quickly as possible Migrate Struts 1 application to Struts 2 Intended for experienced Java web developers Migrating to Struts 2 Help Struts 1 developers become knowledgeable Struts 2 developers as quickly as possible Migrate Struts 1 application to Struts 2 Intended for experienced Java web developers Migrating to Struts 2 Help Struts 1 developers become knowledgeable Struts 2 developers as quickly as possible Migrate Struts 1 application to Struts 2 Intended for experienced Java web developers Baseline Questions What is Struts 2? How are Struts 1 and Struts alike? What's changed in Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Is it difficult to migrate? Why are "plain old Java objects" important? Where should a migration begin? Baseline Questions What is Struts 2? How are Struts 1 and Struts alike? What's changed in Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Is it difficult to migrate? Why are "plain old Java objects" important? Where should a migration begin? Baseline Questions What is Struts 2? How are Struts 1 and Struts alike? What's changed in Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Is it difficult to migrate? Why are "plain old Java objects" important? Where should a migration begin? Baseline Questions What is Struts 2? How are Struts 1 and Struts alike? What's changed in Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Is it difficult to migrate? Why are "plain old Java objects" important? Where should a migration begin? Baseline Questions What is Struts 2? How are Struts 1 and Struts alike? What's changed in Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Is it difficult to migrate? Why are "plain old Java objects" important? Where should a migration begin? Baseline Questions What is Struts 2? How are Struts 1 and Struts alike? What's changed in Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Is it difficult to migrate? Why are "plain old Java objects" important? Where should a migration begin? Baseline Questions What is Struts 2? How are Struts 1 and Struts alike? What's changed in Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Is it difficult to migrate? Why are "plain old Java objects" important? Where should a migration begin? Baseline Questions What is Struts 2? How are Struts 1 and Struts alike? What's changed in Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Is it difficult to migrate? Why are "plain old Java objects" important? Where should a migration begin? What is Struts 2? Free open-source framework  Two major versions Proven solution to common problems Elegant solution to difficult problems Struts 1  Struts 2  What is Struts 2? Free open-source framework  Two major versions Proven solution to common problems Elegant solution to difficult problems Struts 1  Struts 2  What is Struts 2? Free open-source framework  Two major versions Proven solution to common problems Elegant solution to difficult problems Struts 1  Struts 2  What is Struts 2? Free open-source framework  Two major versions Proven solution to common problems Elegant solution to difficult problems Struts 1  Struts 2  How are Struts 1 and Struts 2 alike? A "request" handler  maps Java classes to web application URIs maps logical names to web resources creates rich, form-based applications A "response" handler  A tag library  How are Struts 1 and Struts 2 alike? A "request" handler  maps Java classes to web application URIs maps logical names to web resources creates rich, form-based applications A "response" handler  A tag library  How are Struts 1 and Struts 2 alike? A "request" handler  maps Java classes to web application URIs maps logical names to web resources creates rich, form-based applications A "response" handler  A tag library  How are Struts 1 and Struts 2 alike? A "request" handler  maps Java classes to web application URIs maps logical names to web resources creates rich, form-based applications A "response" handler  A tag library  What's changed in Struts 2? Smarter! Improved Design  Intelligent Defaults  Enhanced Results  Enhanced Tags  First-class AJAX support  Stateful Checkboxes  QuickStart  What's changed in Struts 2? Smarter! Improved Design  Intelligent Defaults  Enhanced Results  Enhanced Tags  First-class AJAX support  Stateful Checkboxes  QuickStart  What's changed in Struts 2? Smarter! Improved Design  Intelligent Defaults  Enhanced Results  Enhanced Tags  First-class AJAX support  Stateful Checkboxes  QuickStart  What's changed in Struts 2? Smarter! Improved Design  Intelligent Defaults  Enhanced Results  Enhanced Tags  First-class AJAX support  Stateful Checkboxes  QuickStart  What's changed in Struts 2? Smarter! Improved Design  Intelligent Defaults  Enhanced Results  Enhanced Tags  First-class AJAX support  Stateful Checkboxes  QuickStart  What's changed in Struts 2? Smarter! Improved Design  Intelligent Defaults  Enhanced Results  Enhanced Tags  First-class AJAX support  Stateful Checkboxes  QuickStart  What's changed in Struts 2? Smarter! Improved Design  Intelligent Defaults  Enhanced Results  Enhanced Tags  First-class AJAX support  Stateful Checkboxes  QuickStart  What's changed in Struts 2? Smarter! Improved Design  Intelligent Defaults  Enhanced Results  Enhanced Tags  First-class AJAX support  Stateful Checkboxes  QuickStart  What's changed in Struts 2? Smarter! Improved Design  Intelligent Defaults  Enhanced Results  Enhanced Tags  First-class AJAX support  Stateful Checkboxes  QuickStart  What's Changed in Struts 2? Easier! Easy-to-test Actions  Easy-to-customize controller  Easy-to-tweak tags  Easy cancel handling  Easy Spring integration  Easy plugins  What's Changed in Struts 2? Easier! Easy-to-test Actions  Easy-to-customize controller  Easy-to-tweak tags  Easy cancel handling  Easy Spring integration  Easy plugins  What's Changed in Struts 2? Easier! Easy-to-test Actions  Easy-to-customize controller  Easy-to-tweak tags  Easy cancel handling  Easy Spring integration  Easy plugins  What's Changed in Struts 2? Easier! Easy-to-test Actions  Easy-to-customize controller  Easy-to-tweak tags  Easy cancel handling  Easy Spring integration  Easy plugins  What's Changed in Struts 2? Easier! Easy-to-test Actions  Easy-to-customize controller  Easy-to-tweak tags  Easy cancel handling  Easy Spring integration  Easy plugins  What's Changed in Struts 2? Easier! Easy-to-test Actions  Easy-to-customize controller  Easy-to-tweak tags  Easy cancel handling  Easy Spring integration  Easy plugins  What's Changed in Struts 2? Easier! Easy-to-test Actions  Easy-to-customize controller  Easy-to-tweak tags  Easy cancel handling  Easy Spring integration  Easy plugins  What's Changed in Struts 2 POJO-ier! POJO forms  POJO Actions  What's Changed in Struts 2 POJO-ier! POJO forms  POJO Actions  What's Changed in Struts 2 POJO-ier! POJO forms  POJO Actions  Is Struts 1 obsolete? Robust and vibrant community Thousands of applications in production New 1.3.5 release But, is it time to try Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Robust and vibrant community Thousands of applications in production New 1.3.5 release But, is it time to try Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Robust and vibrant community Thousands of applications in production New 1.3.5 release But, is it time to try Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Robust and vibrant community Thousands of applications in production New 1.3.5 release But, is it time to try Struts 2? Is Struts 1 obsolete? Robust and vibrant community Thousands of applications in production New 1.3.5 release But, is it time to try Struts 2? Is it difficult to migrate? Not difficult but non-trivial Migrating Actions takes time and effort Stable: may not be worth the effort Growth: good investment Is it difficult to migrate? Not difficult but non-trivial Migrating Actions takes time and effort Stable: may not be worth the effort Growth: good investment Is it difficult to migrate? Not difficult but non-trivial Migrating Actions takes time and effort Stable: may not be worth the effort Growth: good investment Is it difficult to migrate? Not difficult but non-trivial Migrating Actions takes time and effort Stable: may not be worth the effort Growth: good investment Is it difficult to migrate? Not difficult but non-trivial Migrating Actions takes time and effort Stable: may not be worth the effort Growth: good investment Is it difficult to migrate? Not difficult but non-trivial Migrating Actions takes time and effort Stable: may not be worth the effort Growth: good investment Struts 2 is smarter, easier Is it difficult to migrate? Not difficult but non-trivial Migrating Actions takes time and effort Stable: may not be worth the effort Growth: good investment Struts 2 is smarter, easier, and POJO-ier Why are POJOs important? No "extra" objects   Instantiate Actions with new or Spring Simulate servlet state with HashMap Rich input properties No ActionForms!  Use Action or any other object  Non-String properties are not a problem  Why are POJOs important? No "extra" objects   Instantiate Actions with new or Spring Simulate servlet state with HashMap Rich input properties No ActionForms!  Use Action or any other object  Non-String properties are not a problem  Why are POJOs important? No "extra" objects   Instantiate Actions with new or Spring Simulate servlet state with HashMap Rich input properties No ActionForms!  Use Action or any other object  Non-String properties are not a problem  Struts University Series How are Struts 1 and Struts 2 alike? A "r******" handler  maps Java classes to web application URIs maps logical names to web resources creates rich, form-based applications A "r*******" handler  A *** library  How are Struts 1 and Struts 2 alike? A "request" handler  maps Java classes to web application URIs maps logical names to web resources creates rich, form-based applications A "r*******" handler  A *** library  How are Struts 1 and Struts 2 alike? A "request" handler  maps Java classes to web application URIs maps logical names to web resources creates rich, form-based applications A "response" handler  A *** library  How are Struts 1 and Struts 2 alike? A "request" handler  maps Java classes to web application URIs maps logical names to web resources creates rich, form-based applications A "response" handler  A tag library  How are Struts 1 and Struts 2 alike? A "request" handler  maps Java classes to web application URIs maps logical names to web resources creates rich, form-based applications A "response" handler  A tag library  Where should a migration begin? Add Struts 2 JARs Migrate application page at a time Use both versions at the same time Architectures can remain the same Remove Struts 1 red tape Swap in new tags Where should a migration begin? Add Struts 2 JARs Migrate application page at a time Use both versions at the same time Architectures can remain the same Remove Struts 1 red tape Swap in new tags Where should a migration begin? Add Struts 2 JARs Migrate application page at a time Use both versions at the same time Architectures can remain the same Remove Struts 1 red tape Swap in new tags Where should a migration begin? Add Struts 2 JARs Migrate application page at a time Use both versions at the same time Architectures can remain the same Remove Struts 1 red tape Swap in new tags Where should a migration begin? Add Struts 2 JARs Migrate application page at a time Use both versions at the same time Architectures can remain the same Remove Struts 1 red tape Swap in new tags Where should a migration begin? Add Struts 2 JARs Migrate application page at a time Use both versions at the same time Architectures can remain the same Remove Struts 1 red tape Swap in new tags Where should a migration begin? Add Struts 2 JARs Migrate application page at a time Use both versions at the same time Architectures can remain the same Remove Struts 1 red tape Swap in new tags Where should a migration begin? Migrate "Hello World" application Displays message in two languages Add input form for custom message Validate data entry Where should a migration begin? Migrate "Hello World" application Displays message in two languages Add input form for custom message Validate data entry Where should a migration begin? Migrate "Hello World" application Displays message in two languages Add input form for custom message Validate data entry Where should a migration begin? Migrate "Hello World" application Displays message in two languages Add input form for custom message Validate data entry Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... 1)The Struts 2 Filter 2)A filter mapping 3)The Spring Listener Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... 1)The Struts 2 Filter 2)A filter mapping 3)The Spring Listener Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... 1)The Struts 2 Filter 2)A filter mapping 3)The Spring Listener Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... 1)The Struts 2 Filter 2)A filter mapping 3)The Spring Listener Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... 1)The Struts 2 Filter 2)A filter mapping 3)The Spring Listener  struts2 org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher struts2 /* org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener  action org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet config /WEB-INF/classes/struts-config.xml 2 action *.do  index.html applicationContext.xml Lets code it! Where should a migration begin? Struts 1 actions handle *.do Struts 2 actions handle *.action Migrate one to the other, until there's nothing left to "do"! Where should a migration begin? Struts 1 actions handle *.do Struts 2 actions handle *.action Migrate one to the other, until there's nothing left to "do"! Where should a migration begin? Struts 1 actions handle *.do Struts 2 actions handle *.action Migrate one to the other, until there's nothing left to "do"! Where should a migration begin? Struts 1 actions handle *.do Struts 2 actions handle *.action Migrate one to the other, until there's nothing left to "do"! Struts University Series Where should a migration begin? For dependency injection, by default, Struts 2 uses HiveMind  Spring  Castle  Pico  Where should a migration begin? For dependency injection, by default, Struts 2 uses HiveMind  Spring  Castle  Pico  Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... The Struts 2 ******  A filter *******  The ****** Listener  Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... The Struts 2 ******  A filter *******  The ****** Listener  Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... The Struts 2 Filter  A filter *******  The ****** Listener  Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... The Struts 2 Filter  A filter mapping  The ****** Listener  Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... The Struts 2 Filter  A filter mapping  The Spring Listener  Where should a migration begin? Update web.xml to add ... The Struts 2 Filter  A filter mapping  The Spring Listener  Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is streamlined Less to configure Element names are shorter Struts 1 is "struts-config.xml" Struts 2 is "struts.xml" Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is streamlined Less to configure Element names are shorter Struts 1 is "struts-config.xml" Struts 2 is "struts.xml" Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is streamlined Less to configure Element names are shorter Struts 1 is "struts-config.xml" Struts 2 is "struts.xml" Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is streamlined Less to configure Element names are shorter Struts 1 is "struts-config.xml" Struts 2 is "struts.xml" Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is streamlined Less to configure Element names are shorter Struts 1 is "struts-config.xml" Struts 2 is "struts.xml" Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is streamlined Less to configure Element names are shorter Struts 1 is "struts-config.xml" Struts 2 is "struts.xml"   /Hello.jsp Lets code it! To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add Remove the element Change to Update each element To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add Remove the element Change to Update each element To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add Remove the element Change to Update each element To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add Remove the element Change to Update each element To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add Remove the element Change to Update each element To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add Remove the element Change to Update each element To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add Remove the element Change to Update each element To migrate configuration To update each element, we 1)Remove from the "name" attribute 2)Change the "path" attribute to "name", and "type" to "class" 3)Change the element into a element. To migrate configuration To update each element, we 1)Remove from the "name" attribute 2)Change the "path" attribute to "name", and "type" to "class" 3)Change the element into a element. To migrate configuration To update each element, we 1)Remove from the "name" attribute 2)Change the "path" attribute to "name", and "type" to "class" 3)Change the element into a element. To migrate configuration To update each element, we 1)Remove from the "name" attribute 2)Change the "path" attribute to "name", and "type" to "class" 3)Change the element into a element. Struts University Series Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is (less/more) to configure Struts 2 configuration file is named "******.xml" Most Struts 2 configurations include the “struts-*******.xml” Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is (less/more) to configure Struts 2 configuration file is named "******.xml" Most Struts 2 configurations include the “struts-*******.xml” Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is (less/more) to configure Struts 2 configuration file is named "struts.xml" Most Struts 2 configurations include the “struts-*******.xml” Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is (less/more) to configure Struts 2 configuration file is named "struts.xml" Most Struts 2 configurations include the “struts-default.xml” Is the Struts 2 configuration file different? Struts 2 configuration file is (less/more) to configure Struts 2 configuration file is named "struts.xml" Most Struts 2 configurations include the “struts-default.xml” To migrate configuration Replace the DTD ****** to Add ****** the element Change to ****** each element To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add ****** the element Change to ****** each element To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add Remove the element Change to ****** each element To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add Remove the element Change to Update each element To migrate configuration Replace the DTD Change to Add Remove the element Change to Update each element Why so many changes? Obsolesce  We just plain don't need them anymore Attribute names are applied consistently Concise and easier to understand Consistency  Comprehension  Why so many changes? Obsolesce  We just plain don't need them anymore Attribute names are applied consistently Concise and easier to understand Consistency  Comprehension  Why so many changes? Obsolesce  We just plain don't need them anymore Attribute names are applied consistently Concise and easier to understand Consistency  Comprehension  Why so many changes? Obsolesce  We just plain don't need them anymore Attribute names are applied consistently Concise and easier to understand Consistency  Comprehension  Intelligent Defaults When an essential value is omitted, the system automatically provides a predefined value,  eliminating the need to explicitly qualify each and every aspect of a declaration.  (Adapted from the CULE Knowledgebase) Intelligent Defaults When an essential value is omitted, the system automatically provides a predefined value,  eliminating the need to explicitly qualify each and every aspect of a declaration.  (Adapted from the CULE Knowledgebase) Intelligent Defaults When an essential value is omitted, the system automatically provides a predefined value,  eliminating the need to explicitly qualify each and every aspect of a declaration.  (Adapted from the CULE Knowledgebase) Intelligent Defaults When an essential value is omitted, the system automatically provides a predefined value,  eliminating the need to explicitly qualify each and every aspect of a declaration.  (Adapted from the CULE Knowledgebase) Intelligent Defaults /Hello.jsp The name defaults to "success" The content defaults to "location" (e.g. path) The type defaults to "dispatch" Intelligent Defaults /Hello.jsp The name defaults to "success" The content defaults to "location" (e.g. path) The type defaults to "dispatch" Intelligent Defaults /Hello.jsp The name defaults to "success" The content defaults to "location" (e.g. path) The type defaults to "dispatch" Intelligent Defaults /Welcome.jsp Changing the result name and type Struts University Series Why so many changes? O********  We just plain don't need them anymore Attribute names are uniform Concise and easier to understand C**********  C************  Why so many changes? Obsolesce  We just plain don't need them anymore Attribute names are uniform Concise and easier to understand C**********  C************  Why so many changes? Obsolesce  We just plain don't need them anymore Attribute names are uniform Concise and easier to understand Consistency  C************  Why so many changes? Obsolesce  We just plain don't need them anymore Attribute names are uniform Concise and easier to understand Consistency  Comprehension  Why so many changes? Obsolesce  We just plain don't need them anymore Attribute names are uniform Concise and easier to understand Consistency  Comprehension  Intelligent Defaults When an ********* value is omitted, the system automatically provides a ********** value,  eliminating the need to explicitly qualify each and every aspect of a declaration.  (Adapted from the CULE Knowledgebase) Intelligent Defaults When an essential value is omitted, the system automatically provides a ********** value,  eliminating the need to explicitly qualify each and every aspect of a declaration.  (Adapted from the CULE Knowledgebase) Intelligent Defaults When an essential value is omitted, the system automatically provides a predefined value,  eliminating the need to explicitly qualify each and every aspect of a declaration.  (Adapted from the CULE Knowledgebase) Intelligent Defaults When an essential value is omitted, the system automatically provides a predefined value,  eliminating the need to explicitly qualify each and every aspect of a declaration.  (Adapted from the CULE Knowledgebase) Do Action classes change too? Mostly simpler Can combine Struts 1 ActionForm, Add input properties directly to Action  Or, use POJO  Do Action classes change too? Mostly simpler Can combine Struts 1 ActionForm, Add input properties directly to Action  Or, use POJO  Do Action classes change too? Mostly simpler Can combine Struts 1 ActionForm, Add input properties directly to Action  Or, use POJO  package forms; import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; public class HelloForm extends ValidatorForm { private String message; public String getMessage() { return message; } public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; } } package actions; import javax.servlet.http.*; import org.apache.struts.action.*; public class HelloAction extends Action { public ActionForward execute( ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HelloForm input = (HelloForm) form; input.setMessage(MESSAGE); return mapping.findForward(SUCCESS); } public static final String MESSAGE = "Hello World!"; public static final String SUCCESS = "success"; } package actions; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class Hello extends ActionSupport { public String execute() throws Exception { setMessage(MESSAGE); return SUCCESS; } public static final String MESSAGE = "Hello World!"; private String message; public String getMessage() { return message; } public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; } } Lets code it! Do Action classes change too? To convert our Hello World Action class 1) Update or remove imports. 2) Move input property to the Action ● Remove obsolete ActionForm 3) Extend ActionSupport 4) Reference input property directly 5) Remove SUCCESS static Do Action classes change too? To convert our Hello World Action class 1) Update or remove imports. 2) Move input property to the Action ● Remove obsolete ActionForm 3) Extend ActionSupport 4) Reference input property directly 5) Remove SUCCESS static Do Action classes change too? To convert our Hello World Action class 1) Update or remove imports. 2) Move input property to the Action ● Remove obsolete ActionForm 3) Extend ActionSupport 4) Reference input property directly 5) Remove SUCCESS static Do Action classes change too? To convert our Hello World Action class 1) Update or remove imports. 2) Move input property to the Action ● Remove obsolete ActionForm 3) Extend ActionSupport 4) Reference input property directly 5) Remove SUCCESS static Do Action classes change too? To convert our Hello World Action class 1) Update or remove imports. 2) Move input property to the Action ● Remove obsolete ActionForm 3) Extend ActionSupport 4) Reference input property directly 5) Remove SUCCESS static Do Action classes change too? To convert our Hello World Action class 1) Update or remove imports. 2) Move input property to the Action ● Remove obsolete ActionForm 3) Extend ActionSupport 4) Reference input property directly 5) Remove SUCCESS static Struts University Series Do Action classes change too? Can combine Struts 1 ********** Move ***** property to the Action Or, use Plain Old Java ****** Extend ******Support Do Action classes change too? Can combine Struts 1 ActionForm Move ***** property to the Action Or, use Plain Old Java ****** Extend ******Support Do Action classes change too? Can combine Struts 1 ActionForm Move input property to the Action Or, use Plain Old Java ****** Extend ******Support Do Action classes change too? Can combine Struts 1 ActionForm Move input property to the Action Or, use Plain Old Java Object Extend ******Support Do Action classes change too? Can combine Struts 1 ActionForm Move input property to the Action Or, use Plain Old Java Object Extend ActionSupport Do Action classes change too? Can combine Struts 1 ActionForm, Move input property to the Action Or, use Plain Old Java Object Extend ActionSupport What about the tags? <%@ taglib prefix="bean" uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" %>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>

<%@ taglib prefix="bean" uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" %>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>

Lets code it! What about the tags? Replace the <%@ taglib @%> directive Change to What about the tags? Replace the <%@ taglib @%> directive Change to What about the tags? Replace the <%@ taglib @%> directive Change to What about the tags? New tags streamline page needs ActionForm name  finds property automatically  What about the tags? New tags streamline page needs ActionForm name  finds property automatically  What about the tags? New tags streamline page needs ActionForm name  finds property automatically  Struts University Series What about the tags? Change to New tags streamline page needs ActionForm name  finds ******** automatically  What about the tags? Change to New tags streamline page needs ActionForm name  finds ******** automatically  What about the tags? Change to New tags streamline page needs ActionForm name  finds property automatically  What about the tags? Change to New tags streamline page needs ActionForm name  finds property automatically  Can we still localize messages? Struts 2 uses standard message bundle Existing bundle set in struts.properties struts.custom.i18n.resources = resources resources.properties resources_es.properties resources_fr_CA.properties Can we still localize messages? Struts 2 uses standard message bundle Existing bundle set in struts.properties struts.custom.i18n.resources = resources resources.properties resources_es.properties resources_fr_CA.properties Can we still localize messages? Struts 2 uses standard message bundle Existing bundle set in struts.properties struts.custom.i18n.resources = resources resources.properties resources_es.properties resources_fr_CA.properties resources.properties message = Hello World resources_es.properties message = ¡Hola Mundo! Can we still localize messages? Lookup message by key in Action Set localized message to property Can we still localize messages? Lookup message by key in Action Set localized message to property public class HelloAction extends Action { public ActionForward execute( ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HelloForm input = (HelloForm) form; input.setMessage(MESSAGE); input.setMessage(getResources( request).getMessage(MESSAGE)); return mapping.findForward(SUCCESS); } + } public static final String MESSAGE = "Hello World!"; public static final String MESSAGE = "message"; public static final String SUCCESS = "success"; + + public class Hello extends ActionSupport { public String execute() throws Exception { setMessage(MESSAGE); setMessage(getText(MESSAGE)); return SUCCESS; } + } public static final String MESSAGE = "Hello World!"; public static final String MESSAGE = "message"; + Can we still localize messages? Tags can output localized messages, based on a key Let's change page title to look up message Can we still localize messages? Tags can output localized messages, based on a key Let's change page title to look up message <%@ taglib prefix="bean" uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" %> +

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %> +

Lets code it! Can we still localize messages? Lookup message by key in Action Set localized message to property Tags can output localized messages, based on a key Can we still localize messages? Lookup message by key in Action Set localized message to property Tags can output localized messages, based on a key Can we still localize messages? Lookup message by key in Action Set localized message to property Tags can output localized messages, based on a key Struts University Series Can we still localize messages? (A)setMessage(getText(MESSAGE)); (B)input.setMessage( getResources(request).getMessage(MESSAGE)); The Struts 1 statement is shown as (A) / (B). The Struts 2 statement is shown as (A) / (B). Can we still localize messages? (A)setMessage(getText(MESSAGE)); (B)input.setMessage( getResources(request).getMessage(MESSAGE)); The Struts 1 statement is shown as (A) / (B). The Struts 2 statement is shown as (A) / (B). Can we still localize messages? struts.custom.i18n.********* = resources Can we still localize messages? struts.custom.i18n.resources = resources How do we change Locales? Locale is stored in user's session Struts 1 requires a special Action How do we change Locales? Locale is stored in user's session Struts 1 requires a special Action How do we change Locales? Locale is stored in user's session Struts 1 requires a special Action public final class LocaleAction extends Action { private static final String LANGUAGE = "language"; private static final String COUNTRY = "country"; private static final String SUCCESS = "success"; public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { String language = request.getParameter(LANGUAGE); String country = request.getParameter(COUNTRY); Locale locale = getLocale(request); if ((language != null && language.length() > 0) && (country != null && country.length() > 0)) { locale = new java.util.Locale(language, country); } else if (language != null && language.length() > 0) { locale = new java.util.Locale(language, ""); } setLocale(request, locale); return mapping.findForward(SUCCESS); } } How do we change Locales? Link to change Struts 1 locale  Calls Action to change Locale

Español

How do we change Locales? Link to change Struts 2 locale  No Action needed

es Español

Lets code it! How do we change Locales? Pass "request_locale=es" as parameter 1) "es" can be any standard locale code. 2) Framework updates locale for session. How do we change Locales? Pass "request_locale=es" as parameter 1) "es" can be any standard locale code. 2) Framework updates locale for session. How do we change Locales? Pass "request_locale=es" as parameter 1) "es" can be any standard locale code. 2) Framework updates locale for session. Struts University Series How do we change Locales? (A)

Español

(B)

es Español

The Struts 1 statement is shown as (A) / (B). The Struts 2 statement is shown as (A) / (B). How do we change Locales? (A)

Español

(B)

es Español

The Struts 1 statement is shown as (A) / (B). The Struts 2 statement is shown as (A) / (B). Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 uses XWork Validator Similar but different Let's compare configurations Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 uses XWork Validator Similar but different Let's compare configurations Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 uses XWork Validator Similar but different Let's compare configurations Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 uses XWork Validator Similar but different Let's compare configurations   Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1 We validate data on input  Add input form to set message   Rather than Action Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1 We validate data on input  Add input form to set message   Rather than Action Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1 We validate data on input  Add input form to set message   Rather than Action Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1 We validate data on input  Add input form to set message   Rather than Action  

Message:

Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 Can reuse the same mapping  Input represented by an alternate method  Methods can be called via wildcards  Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 Can reuse the same mapping  Input represented by an alternate method  Methods can be called via wildcards  Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 Can reuse the same mapping  Input represented by an alternate method  Methods can be called via wildcards  Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 Can reuse the same mapping  Input represented by an alternate method  Methods can be called via wildcards   /Hello.jsp /Hello!input.jsp  /Hello.jsp /Hello!input.jsp Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1 has wildcards too Still need to set validate=false on input S2 input method returns “input” symbol S2 validation skipped on input method Input form posts back to execute  (or save, or store, or submit) Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1 has wildcards too Still need to set validate=false on input S2 input method returns “input” symbol S2 validation skipped on input method Input form posts back to execute  (or save, or store, or submit) Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1 has wildcards too Still need to set validate=false on input S2 input method returns “input” symbol S2 validation skipped on input method Input form posts back to execute  (or save, or store, or submit) Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1 has wildcards too Still need to set validate=false on input S2 input method returns “input” symbol S2 validation skipped on input method Input form posts back to execute  (or save, or store, or submit) Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1 has wildcards too Still need to set validate=false on input S2 input method returns “input” symbol S2 validation skipped on input method Input form posts back to execute  (or save, or store, or submit) Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1 has wildcards too Still need to set validate=false on input S2 input method returns “input” symbol S2 validation skipped on input method Input form posts back to execute  (or save, or store, or submit) resources.properties prompt = Enter Message message = Hello World! # Struts 1 errors.required={0} is required. # Struts 2 requiredstring = ${getText(fieldName)} is required. resources_es.properties prompt = Entre el mensaje message = ¡Hola Mundo! # Struts 1 errors.required={0} se requiere. # Struts 2 requiredstring = ${getText(fieldName)} se requiere. Lets code it! Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1: numeric parameter  errors.required= {0} is required requiredstring= ${getText(fieldName)} is required. Struts 2: expression language  Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 1: numeric parameter  errors.required= {0} is required requiredstring= ${getText(fieldName)} is required. Struts 2: expression language  Struts University Series Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 uses X**** Validator S2 validation skipped on ***** method Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 uses XWork Validator S2 validation skipped on ***** method Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 uses XWork Validator S2 validation skipped on input method Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? Struts 2 uses XWork Validator S2 validation skipped on input method Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? (A) errors.required = {0} is required (B) requiredstring = ${getText(fieldName)} is required. The Struts 1 statement is shown as (A) / (B). The Struts 2 statement is shown as (A) / (B). Does Struts 2 use Commons Validator? (A) errors.required = {0} is required (B) requiredstring = ${getText(fieldName)} is required. The Struts 1 statement is shown as (A) / (B). The Struts 2 statement is shown as (A) / (B). Is that all there is? Cover the basics  mappings, Actions, tags, localization, and validation. Converted Hello World to Struts 2 Moved one at a time Actions, pages, and configuration elements  Shared essential resources, like message bundles, between the versions.  Is that all there is? Cover the basics  mappings, Actions, tags, localization, and validation. Converted Hello World to Struts 2 Moved one at a time Actions, pages, and configuration elements  Shared essential resources, like message bundles, between the versions.  Is that all there is? Cover the basics  mappings, Actions, tags, localization, and validation. Converted Hello World to Struts 2 Moved one at a time Actions, pages, and configuration elements  Shared essential resources, like message bundles, between the versions.  Is that all there is? Struts 2 is a giant leap forward, but, for Struts 1 developers, it's a learning curve we can walk, one step at a time. Struts University Series Struts University Series Struts University Series