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Fundamentals Exam Materials
By: Donna Hess RN, BSN, MS
Chapter 1-matching
1-caregiver __An individual that asks for advice or service from
someone who is qualified
2-case manager __Behaviors or characteristics that demonstrate
responsibility and commitment
3-client __Person given the power to guide and direct others
work
4-client advocate
__ANA „s behaviors expected by a professional nurse
5-manager __Responsibilities that the nurse is accountable for
6-patient self determination act __Nurse who works with a multidisciplinary team to
measure the effectiveness of the plan an monitor
7-professionalism client outcomes
__Activities that assist the client physically and
8-standards of practice psychologically
9-standards of professional __Nurses role to protect and represent the client and
their need/rights
performance __Describes standards of practice and standards of
10-ANA professional performance
__Objective is to foster the development and
11-NSNA improvement of all nursing services and education
__Preprofessional organization for nursing students
12-NLN
__Legislation that requires clients be informed of their
rights to accept or refuse medical care & advanced
directives
Chapter 2 & 3-matching
1-confidentiality __Person who receives nursing care (client , family,
groups, community)
2- evidence based practice __Characteristics and actions of the nurse when
providing care on behalf/with the client
3-client __Information from or about a client will not be made
4-environment public or available to others without the clients
consent
5-health __Degree of wellness or well being the client
experiences
6-nursing __The use of some form of evidence (through
7-practice discipline research) for making decisions or implementing
care
8-philosophy __Internal or external surroundings that effect the
client (people, weather, place, mental state)
9-nursing theories *focus on __A concept/belief that serves as the bases for a
powerpoint theories* formulating a theory
◦ -Peplau -Neuman __Study with the central focus on professional role
performance (nursing,, teaching, management)
◦ -Henderson -Roy
__Guide knowledge development, direct education,
◦ -Rogers -Watson research and practice each influencing the other
◦ -Orems -Parse‟s
◦ -King -Leininger
Chapter 4-matching
__Touching a person, their clothing, any thing they are carrying
which may or may no cause harm (touch is done deliberately or
with neglect)
1-advanced health care directives
__Stating unprivileged or false words by which a reputation is
2-assault damaged
__Harm (physical,, emotional, financial)
3-battery
__If malpractice causes the injury, the nurse is held liable for
4-decision making damages
__Civil wrong committed against a person or a persons property
5-delegation (civil relates to private citizens not a contractual agreement)
6-do not resuscitate (DNR) __Negligent act by a persons involved in professions or
occupations which are highly technical or professional skills are
required
7-duty
__Failure to behave in a reasonable or prudent manner
8-false imprisonment __Transfer of responsibility for performing an activity from one
person to another (RN>NA or RN>LPN) but retaining the
9-gross negligence accountability for the outcome (end results)
10-harm __Determining a set of criteria by which alternative solutions are
developed and selected (goal with BEST outcome)
11-informed consent __Nurse has a relationship with the client that involves providing
care and following accepted stands of practice
12-injury
__Attempt or threat to touch another person unjustifiably
13-liability (impossible to excuse or pardon)
__Extreme lack of knowledge, skills, decision making that the
14-malpractice person clearly should have known would put others at risk
15-negligence __Grounds for action against a nurses license
__Legally responsible for ones obligations and actions
16-slander
__A client agrees to accept treatment or procedure after fully
17-tort explained from the MD
__Legal & lay documents directing aspects of care to be
18-unprofessional conduct provided if the client is unable to make the decision
*Select all that apply* __MD orders that specify resuscitation efforts for a client that is
terminal or has an irreversible illness
__Unlawful restraint or detain a person against their will
Chapter 5-matching
1-advocate __Someone who argues the cause/proposal for
another
2. autonomy __Values obtained during socialized into nursing
3-beliefs from the codes of ethics, experience, teachers,
peer
4-beneficence __Painless act of putting to death a person with
an incurable or distressing disease
5-code of ethics
__Formal statement of ethical principles shared
6-fidelity by members of a group (morals & standards)
7-nonmalficence __Moral promise to do good or implement
actions that benefit the client/supporters
8-nursing ethics
__Some thing that individuals accepts as true
9-professional values __Without outside controls the individual is
independent or self directed
10-utility
__Moral principle to tell the truth and not lie
11-value system
__Usefulness
12-veracity __Organization of values along a series/list
related to importance
13-euthanasia
__Duty to do no harm
__Faithful to moral principles agreed upon
__Ethical issues in nursing
Chapter 6-matching
1-coinsurance __National & state health insurance for
individuals over 65
2-critical pathway __Federal public assistance paid out of taxes and
administered by the state for individuals requiring
3-DRG financial assistance
4-integrated delivery system __Delivery of individualized nursing care to client
by a team led by an RN
5-licensed vocational nurse __Insurance plan where the client pays part of
the cost and a group pays the remainder
6-managed care
__Nurse who practices under the supervision of
7-medicare an RN and provides basic technical care
__Medicare payment system to hospital or MD
8-medicaid according to diagnosis
9-patient focused care __Delivering all services and care to the client
__Multidisciplinary guideline for client care based
10-team nursing on the medical diagnosis to determine outcomes
__System in which all care is provides from
hospital to outpatient services
__Care delivery that stresses communication and
coordination of care by all health care members
Chapter 7 & 8-matching
1-collaboration __Nursing care delivered in the clients home
__Point at which initial health care is provided to
2-community based health care the client, in the context of family & community
3-community based nursing __Deliver of care to the terminally ill
__Services & products provided for in the clients
4-continuity of care home to provide holistic care
5-primary care __Health care providers working together in
providing care
6-primary health care __Coordinating care provided for the client
moving from one healthcare setting to another
7-community __Collection of people who share some
8-caregiver role strain characteristics of their lives
__System of health related services within the
9-home health nursing care place where people spend their time in the
community
10-hospice
__Nursing care directed to a specific population
11-visiting nurse in the community
__Essential health care made universally
accessible to maintain every stage of development
in their spirit of self reliance and self
determination
__Burden that can jeopardize the caregivers own
health and well being
Chapter 9 & 10-matching
__Questioning that focuses on analysis, beyond the
surface information, looking for inconsistencies , view
1-computer based patient records points, and determining knowledge from belief
2-database __Understanding without conscious reasoning
__All information about the client
3-electronic medical record __Computer based patient record
4-hospital information system __Making specific observations from a generalization
__Collecting information that identifies the cause of the
5-management information system
problem and suggests possible answers
6-critical analysis __Computer software used to manage clients care and
costs
7-critical thinking __Cognitive (thinking) process using creativity, problem
solving and decision making
8- decision making
__Questions that apply to a situation or idea to find out
9-deductive reasoning necessary information and ideas and eliminate
unnecessary information/ideas
10-inductive reasoning __Systematic , rational method of planning and providing
care
11-intuition
__Computer software to manage and organization or
12-nursing process department
__Electronic client data accessible to person who require
13-problem solving
the data (within HIPAA guidelines)
14-socratic questioning __Process setting up standards for developing alternative
ways actions are developed and selected
__Making generalizations for specific data
Chapter 11 & 12-matching
__Statement that identifies a clients problem or
condition
1-assessing __Process of collecting, organizing, validating, &
2-cephalocaudal recording data about a clients health care status
3-closed question __Words add to NANDA labels to give additional
meaning to the nursing diagnosis
4-data
__3 necessary parts of the nursing diagnosis Problem-
5-inference Etiology-Signs & Symptoms
6-signs __Set of categories arranged based on a consistent set of
principles
7-objective data
__Information
8-open ended questions
__Cause related to problem & related risk factor
9-screening examination __From head to toe
10-subjective data __Data can be seen, heard, felt or smelled
11-validation __Factor that places the client at risk
12-symptoms __Data that accurately reflect the problem
13-PES format __Subjective data
14-diagnosis __Conclusion based on observation or cues
__Objective data
15-etiology
__Data described and verified by the person
16-nursing diagnosis
__NANDA label for actual or potential client problems
17-risk factors
__Review of body systems/parts
18-taxonomy
__Question with broad topics to for client exploration
19-qualifiers __Questions requiring short specific answers
Chapter 13-matching
__Predetermined plan specifying the procedure to follow
in a specific situation
1-collaborative care planning __Visual tool with ideas and data to describe nursing
2-concept map care plan/nursing interventions
__Care plan tailor to the needs of a specific client
3-discharge planning __Skills and knowledge commonly possessed by the
members of the profession
4-goals/desired outcome
__Written orders related to client care that can be
5-indicator carried out by nurse under certain situations
__Starts on admission and anticipates and plans for client
6-individualized care plan
needs after discharge
7-multidisciplinary care plan __Formal plan of nursing care for clients with common
needs/diagnosis
8-nursing intervention __Critical Pathway-multidisciplinary plan of care
9-policies __Process of setting up a preferred order of nursing
interventions/actions/strategies
10-priority setting __Steps to carry out policies or activities
11-procedure __Terms of observed client responses-what the nurse
wants to achieve
12-protocol __Observed client state-similar to desired outcome
13-standards of care __Nursing action to improve client outcomes
__Rules for frequently occurring situations
14-standardized care plan
__Critical Pathway-collaborative care plan
15-standing orders
Chapter 14-matching
1- cognitive skills __Focus on objective changes in the clients health
states related to nursing care
2- evaluating __Psychomotor skills-hands on skills
3-implementing __Skills that require thinking problem solving,
critical thinking, decision making, creativity
4-interpersonal skills __Unexpected occurrence resulting in death or
serious physical/psychological injury or risk
5-outcome evaluation __Activity were clients and providers compare
6-quality improvement expected outcomes with actual outcomes
__Evaluation of care while care is provided
7-concurrent audit __Nursing care plan is put into action
8-retrospective audit __Evaluation after the client is discharged
9-sentinel event __Continuous improvement of all process in the
organization with the goal to meet or exceed
10-technical skills client/customer expectations and outcomes
__Verbal and nonverbal activities people use
when communicating directly with each other
Chapter 15-matching
__Method to clearly organize and record client data and
1-HIPAA update daily care required
__Charting method: Subjective-Objective-Assessment-
2-charting
Planning
3-charting by exception __Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act of
1996 to maintain client privacy and confidentiality
4-client record __Charting method: Problem-Intervention-Evaluation
5-documentation __Goals not met according to the time frame-
Interventions not performed according to the time frame
6-focus charting __Data about client is recorded and arranged according
to problems
7-Kardex
__Charting method: Assessment-Problem-Intervention-
8-narrative charting Evaluation
__ Entering information an a client record
9-PIE
__Chart entries by all provider about the clients
10-POMR problems, treatments, progress toward outcomes
__Charting focusing on client & client concerns
11-APIE
__Formal , legal document providing proof of client care
12-progress note __Charting only important exceptions to the normal
findings
13-SOAP
__Charting or recording information
14-variance __Charting describing client data, interventions, in
sentences and paragraphs
Chapter 16-matching
1-action stage __System allowing movement/flow into and out *living
systems survival depends on continuous change
2-closed system __End goal is that the problem is no longer a temptation
3-compensatory or threat
__Person actively implements behaviors & strategies to
4-equilibrium adapt new behaviors
5-health promotion __All living organisms interacting-all parts
6-health protection __Body maintenance in a state of balance
__Activity toward protection/avoidance of potential
7-HRA health risks
8-holism __NANDA person response to levels of wellness
9-homeostasis __Activities to restore persons with disabilities to
highest level of function
10-maintenance stage __System that restricts movement into and out
11-open system __State of balance *normal vital signs
12-precontemplation stage __Counterbalance-one thing offsets another
__Activities focused on avoiding illness, detect early,
13-preparation stage maintain function
14-primary prevention __Activities to achieve higher level of health/wellness
15-secondary prevention __Health Risk Assessment-clients risk of illness/injury
__New behavior patterns are incorporated into lifestyle
16-termination stage
__Activities for early diagnosis and treatment of illness
17-tertiary prevention __Person denies a problem
18-wellness diagnosis __Cognitive & behavioral activities preparing for change
Chapter 17-matching
__Persons state of feel unhealthy , ill *not always disease
related
1-acute illness
__Activities that improve quality of life & potential
2-adherence __Persons is aware of a balance, harmony, vitality
3-chronic illness __Severe symptoms of short duration
4-exacerbation __Clients belief that their health status is controlled by
themselves or others-determines if client is likely to take
5-health action about health
6-health behavior __Chronic illness lessens in severity or symptoms stop
__Factor that puts the person at risk for a health
7-health belief problems
8-health status __Chronic illness symptoms are re-experienced by the
individual
9-illness
__Individual follows medical or health advice
10-illness behavior __Illness lasting usually greater than 6 months
11-locus of control __Person seeks to maintain and equilibrium that
promotes stability and comfort
12-remission
__Health concept the person believes is true
13-risk factor __Action that indicates the persons state of health/cure
14-well being __Health of a person at a given time
15-wellness __Actions a person takes to reach physical/mental
potential
Chapter 18-matching
__Illness prevention and healing that is based on cultural
traditions
1-acculturation
__Fear or dislike of people who are different
2-assimilation __Disorder that is cause by moving from one cultural
3-culturally appropriate setting to a different cultural setting
__Delivery of nursing care based on the whole of the
4-culturally competent clients situation *culture included
5-culturally sensitive __Care within the differences and similarities of beliefs,
values, culture
6-culture shock
__Assumes that all people from an ethnic group are alike
7-ethnocentrism __Process of adapting or borrowing traits from another
culture
8-folk medicine
__Different treatment of persons or groups
9-holistic health belief
__Persons who have a specific identity but are related
10-scientific health belief to a larger cultural group
__Persons develop a new cultural association and
11-subculture become members of the dominant culture
12-transcultural nursing __Forces of nature must maintain a balance
13-xenophobia __Basic knowledge to provide care to a diverse cultural
group
14-discrinination __Belief that one‟s culture/way of life is better than other
15-stereotyping cultures
__Required background knowledge to provide clients
with the best possible care
__Belief that life is controlled by physical & biochemical
processes
Chapter 19-matching __Body energy reflexology
__Therapist applies needles to specific body sites
1-acupressure __Adjusting the spine and joints facilitates flow of body
2-acupuncture energy
3-alternative medicine __Therapist applies finger pressure to specific body sites
__Cultural healing at 3 levels: material level, spiritual
4-animal assisted therapy
level, mental level *Latin culture
5-Ayurvenda __Massage of feet to relieve symptoms in other body
6-biofeedback parts
7-chiropractic __Body energy is accessed by adjusting specific
anatomical point on the body surface
8-spirituality
__Technique that results in conscious control of body
9-conventional medicine processes (stress, BP, pulse)
10-curandersimo __Unusual practices with explanations that do not
follow customary biological aspect of medicine
11-qi
__People are responsible for their lives and wellbeing
12-herbal medicine __Treating illness with herbs
13-homeopathy __Therapy based on the cure for the disease lies in the
14-humanist disease
__Therapy based on illness as a state of imbalance of
15-naturopathic medicine
body systems
16-reflexology __Belief in some higher power. force, being, source
17-traditional Chinese medicine __Western medical practices
__Animals used as a treatment method
__Includes most forms of medicine and minor surgery
Chapter 20-matching __Instinct (inborn tendency to do something) &
unconscious psychological urges (impulse)
1-accommodation __Part of cognitive development that involves taking in
new experiences /information
2-adaption __Consciousness & memory that come between the id,
3-adaptive mechanism superego and reality
__Process of changing to meet new , changing or
4-assimilation different conditions
5-cognitive development __Learned behaviors that assist the person in adjusting
6-defense mechanisms __Urge/desire for sexual activity
__Conscience of personality-feelings of guilt, shame,
7-developmental stage restraint
8-developmental task __Part of cognitive development that allows for
adjustment of the mind-set to take in new information
9-ego
__Mental part of the persons life that the person is
10-fixation unaware of
__Learning to tell the difference between right and
11-id
wrong
12-libido __Anxiety stops the personality to move to the next
developmental stage
13-moral behavior
__How people learn to think, reason, speak
14-moral development __Persons ability to mentally grasp requirements for
15-unconscious mind people living together/communication
__Reactions that are used to protect a person
16 superego
__Level of achievement for a portion of their life
*Erickson
__Skill or behavior learned during a developmental stage
Chapter 21 & 22-matching
__Anything that is harmful to the normal cellular
development of the embryo/fetus
1-Denver Developmental Screening Test
__Fine body hair on the unborn child that remains for a
Standardized Test few weeks after birth
2-failure to thrive __Painful thoughts, experiences, impulses are removed
from awareness
3-lanugo __Born between 1965-1978
4-maturity __Establishing guidelines for the next generation
5-regression __Born between 1979-2000
__Collection of ideas, feelings, beliefs a person has about
6-repression themselves
7-self concept __Unexpected death of an infant
8-separation anxiety __Used to assess children from birth to 6 years of age -
to compare ability of a child to the average group of
9-SIDS children the same age
__Born between 1945-1964
10-teratogen
__Syndrome in infants who are <5% for weight and
11- baby boomers height on a standard growth chart
12-boomerang kids __Person adapts behaviors that they are comfortable
with (early life) to overcome discomfort with current
13-generation X situation
14-generationY __Young adults move back home after living
independently
15-generativity __Fear & frustration by children due to the absence of
parents
__State of being fully developed both physical & behavior
Chapter 23-matching
__Hard to breath-labored breathing
1-activity theory __Outward curvature of the thoracic spine
2-adult day care __Information a person has in their mind at a given
moment
3-Alzheimer‟s disease
__Best aging occurs by being /staying active
4-assisted living
__Medical care of the elderly
5-continuity theory __Progressive and may be permanent impairment of
6-dementia cognitive (thinking) function
7-disengagement theory __Becoming aware of something by the senses
__Day care providing health and social services
8-dyspnea
__Decrease in amount of minerals in the bone
9-geriatric
__Facility with levels of personal care assistance to meet
10-gerontology the older persons needs
11-kyphosis __Memory of activities in recent past min./hours
12-long term memory __Able to understand the surrounds by senses
13-osteoporosis __Spontaneous (unexplained) fracture *>elderly
14-pathological fracture __Information stored in the brain for more than 72
hours
15-perception __Progressive dementia, memory loss & self care
16-recent memory __Maintaining values, habits, behavior in old age
17-sensory memory __Study of aging & older adult
18-short term memory __Mutual separation between the older person & others
in the older persons environment
Chapter 24 & 25-matching
1- extended family __Action expresses physical & emotional security and a
true connection with another person/group
2-family centered nursing __Information, material or energy enter the system
3-nuclear family __Analyzing why one acted a certain way & assessing the
results of the action
4-input
__Change that occurs after input is absorbed by the
5-output system & process into something useful to the system
*patient education
6-subsystem
__Family including relative of the nuclear family
7-suprasystem __A set of interacting parts of a whole
8-throughput __Family of parents and offspring's
9-aesthetic knowing __Information, materials, energy from processing by a
system
10-caring __Providing care & meeting needs of a client using
creativity
11-caring practice
__Knowledge based on what should be done
12-empricial knowing
__Nursing of the family as a unit and the individuals in
13-ethicl knowing the family
__Knowledge based on science
14-system
__System parts
15-reflection
__System above another system *levels of authority
__Nursing care that includes relating, mutual respect,
participation
Chapter 26-matching
__Selection of specific words, arrangement of words,
voice tone, body movements to send a message to
1-attentive listening someone
2-congruent communication __Two way method of sending and receiving
messages
3-decode
__Like “baby talk” to the older adult resulting in
4-elderspeak feelings of dependence and incompetence
5-empathy __Message understood based on knowledge and
experience of the person (sorting out the meaning of
6-encoding the message)
7-helping relationship __Active listening using all senses
8-personal space __Study of the distance between people during
interactions
9-process recording __Distance people prefer when interacting with
10-proxemics others
__Idea of space and things the person feels are theirs
11-territoriality
__Communicating an understanding of how another
12-therapeutic communication person feels & behaviors/experience basic to the
feelings
13-communication
__Word-for-word record of conversation
__Interaction that helps the client overcome stressors
__Verbal and nonverbal communication match
__Nurse-Client relationship
Chapter 27-matching
__Change in mood about others or abilities that
continue over time not only based on growth
1-affective domain __Discipline for helping children learn
2-andragogy __Art & science of helping adults learn
3-behaviorist theory __Behavior that indicates the learner is motivated
(want‟s to ) to learn at a certain time
4-cognitive domain __Process of arousing and helping elderly persons learn
5-compliance __Activities with the purpose of producing learning
6-geragogy __Feeling domain
__Teach the basics-begin-start
7-health literacy
__Ability to read, understand & act on health
8-humanism information
9-initation __Thinking domain
__Extent (how much)the persons behavior matches the
10-learning medical or health advise
11-learning needs __Skill or demonstration domain
12-modeling __Determining what is to be taught & immediate reward
for correct responses
13-pedagogy __Observing behaviors of people who have successfully
met a goal that one sets for themselves
14-psychomotor domain
__Learning focus is on the feelings and attitudes of the
15-readiness learner
16-teaching __Desire or requirement to know something the learner
does not currently know
Chapter 28-matching __Measure of amount of nursing resources per client-
actual (vs) required ratio
1-authority __A scheduled/organized change process
__Person who presents the change and assists others in
2-autocratic leader making changes in themselves or organization
3-bureaucratic leader __Encourages group discussion /decision making
4-change agent __Unscheduled change-change that occurs without
control by a person or group
5-consultative leader __Power given by and organization to direct the work of
6-coordinating others *right to act
__Individual decision making for a group
7-democratic leader
__Measure of resources used in providing nursing care
8-effectiveness *effective using minimum effort
9-efficiency __A system in place to reduce client/staff danger
__Relies on rules. regulations, policies, procedures for
10-unplanned change decisions making *lack of trust in self & others for
decision making
11-mentor
__Makes sure that plans are carried out and evaluates
12-nondirective leader outcome
13-participative leader __Democratic leader
__Consultative Leader
14-planned change
__Laissez-faire leader knows the group needs autonomy
15-productivity and self regulation
16-risk management __Measure of the quality & quantity of care delivered
__Person who is seen as a guide, advisor & assumes
responsibility for profession growth /advancement
Chapter 29-matching
*You need to know all the vocabulary word
1-apnea __Point where the apex of the heart touches the
anterior chest *apical pulse
2-BMR __Thick-sticky (sputum)
3-arterial blood pressure __Body heat produces (=) Body heat lost
4-Korotkoff sounds __Movement of air in & out of the lungs
__Heat transfer from the surface of an object with out
5-conduction touching the object *heat/cold
6-convection __No respirations
7-heat balance __Temperature of skin, tissues, subcutaneous/fat
__Difference in the rate of the radial pulse & apical pulse
8-insensible heat loss
__Continuous and unaware of water loss
9-insensible water loss __Heat loss by vaporization from the respiratory tract,
10-PMI mouth, skin
__Continuous evaporization (changing from a fluid to a
11-pulse deficit vapor) from the respiratory tract, mouth, skin
12-radiation __Indicates if weight is appropriate for height
13-surface temperature __Scattering of heat by air currents
__Transfer of heat by direct contact
14-vaporization
__Pressure applied by the blood as it pulsates through
15-ventilation the arteries (vasculature/vessels)
16-viscous __Sounds produced by the blood in the artery with each
ventricular contraction
Chapter 30-matching
*You need to know all the vocabulary words
__Measures the angle of joints in degrees
1-angle of Louis __Technique for performing percussion
__Excess fluid in the interstitial space (ISS)
2-quality
__Start point for locating the anterior ribs
3-conduction hearing loss __Damage to the inner ear, auditory nerve, or hearing
4-duration center of brain (CN8)
__Normal size head
5-edema
__Combination of conductive (interrupted transmission
6-erythema of sound waves) and sensorineural hearing loss
7-sensorineural hearing loss __Lack of red tones in the skin *best seen in inside cheek
__Interrupted transmission of sound waves through the
8-goniometer outer and middle ear
9-hyperresonance __Passage of blood components through the vessels of
the circulatory system
10-intensity
__Length of time (how long)
11-intentional tremor __Subjective description (feels like)
12-mixed hearing loss __Subjective strength (how strong)
13-normocephalic __Redness associated with a variety of skin rashes
__Abnormal “drum like” sound during percussion of
14-pallor lungs
15-perfusion __Tremor starts when client is at rest and stops with
activity
16-pleximeter
__Tremor starts with a voluntary movement by the
17resting tremor client
Chapter 31-matching __area considered free of microorganisms'
__person or animal that has the infectious agent but no
clinical signs of disease
1-aquired immunity
__free of possible infectious agents
2-active immunity
__practices that confine/limit number/growth of
3-antiseptic microorganisms
4-BSI (body substance isolation) __source of microorganisms' (any)
__material that escapes (fluid-cells) from blood vessels
5-carrier
during inflammation process
6-clean __agents that destroy/kill microorganisms'
7-communicable disease __infection control precautions for all clients except
airborne transmission
8-compromised host
__sterile technique (keeping area/object free from all
9-inflammation microorganisms
10-disinfectants __agent that prevents the growth of some microorganisms'
11-exudate __host produces antibodies in response to antigens
12-humoral immunity __antibodies (protein produced by the body to neutralize
and antigen)
13-immunoglobulin __infection associated with providing care to a client
14-immune defenses __passive immunity (host receives natural/artificial
antibodies)
15-medical asepsis
__disease that can spread for one person to another
16-nosocomial infection
__bodies method of protection against disease
17-surgical asepsis
__antibody initiated/mediated defense for B lymphocytes
18-reservoirs __local/nonspecific defensive tissue response
19-sterile field __person at risk for infection
Chapter 32 & 33-matching
1-asphyxiation __dry mouth
__bath for hygiene
2-bioterrorism
__lack of oxygen due to a break in breathing -suffocation
3-carbon monoxide __attack using a weapon with virus, bacteria or other
4-chemical restraint germ
__science or health and maintenance-cleanliness
5-heimlich maneuver
__deep grove in the skin from dryness or cracking of
6-physical restraints skin
7-safety monitoring device __gas that is toxic (produced from engine of vehicle)
__measures taken by the nurse to protect a client with
8-seizure precautions seizures from injury
9-bactericidal __technique used to clear an obstructed airway
10-cleansing bath __bacteria killing action
__red & swollen gums
11-therapeutic bath
__medication used to control disruptive behavior
12-dental caries __tooth decay (rotting action of bacteria)
13-fissure __bath given for physical effect like soothing irritated
skin
14-gingivitis
__disorder of the gum & bone that secure the teeth
15-hygeine __method of applying equipment to a client‟s body to
16-periodontal disease restrict movement
__a devise that audio alarms when the client tries to get
17-xerostomia out of bed/chair
Chapter 34-matching __mucous from the lungs, bronchi, trachea
__cough & spit up mucus or other materials
1-aspiration __withdraw fluid from a cavity –obtain specimen
2-biopsy __body cells that are part of the body‟s defense against
infection/disease (elevated WBC indicate infection)
3-blood chemistry
__removal & examination of tissues for a living body
4-leukocyte __blood from an artery used to assess oxygen status,
ventilation/breathing status, acid-base status
5-clean catch urine
__hidden blood-blood that is not visible to eye
6-expectorate
__number of tests performed on blood serum (clear
7-hematocrit portion of blood)
__weight/amount of concentration of materials compare
8-hemoglobin with and equal volume of another material (urine
9-midstream urine concentration)
__venous blood that analyzes CBC, WBC and differential
10-occult blood
__measure of solute (particles dissolved in solution)
11-complete blood count (CBC) concentration of blood
12-serum osmolality __white blood cell (defense against infection)
__non-invasive urine specimen for urine culture
13-specific gravity
__same as clean catch urine
14-sputum __measure of urine solute concentration in urine
15-arterial blood gas __proportion/ratio of RBC related to total blood volume
16-white blood count (WBC) __red pigment in RBC that carry oxygen
17-urine osmolality
Chapter 35-matching
__drug name given by the drug manufacturer
__drugs sold illegally-street drugs
1-absorption
__elimination of waste products produced by the cell from
2-adverese effects the body (includes drug byproducts)
3-agonist __process of medication passing into the blood
4-brand name __therapeutic effect-primary effect of medication
__drug name that describes the chemical structure (not
5-cumulative effect
protected by trademark)
6-desired effect __severe side effect can justify discontinuation
7-distribution __under the skin
8-drug abuse __movement of drug form site of administration to site of
action
9-drug allergy
__increase response to repeated dosage of drug when rate
10-drug dependence of administration exceeds rate of metabolism & excretion
11-drug half life __tube surgically placed in the stomach-feeding
12-drug interaction __drug that interacts with receptors to produce a response
(pain medication)
13-drug tolerance __time to reduce drug by half of administration
14-excretion __interaction of one drug with another harmless/harmful
15-gastrostomy tube __repeated increases in dosage of a drug for therapeutic
effect
16-generic name
__excessive intake of a drug continuous/intermittent
17-illicit drugs
__immune system response to a drug
18-hypodermic __unable to manage control over intake of drug/substance
Chapter 35-matching page 2
__subcutaneous –below the dermis
19-intradermal injection __diameter (width through the center)of the shaft of a
tube/needle
20-intramuscular injection
__permits the nurse to give medication (can be used for
21-gauge oxygen & other orders) when in the nurses judgment the
client needs/requires it
22-intravenous
__medication response that is usually expected & can be
23-irrigation harmless or harmful
24-lavage __into the muscle
25-meniscus __medication given by injection into the body
__under the epidermis of the skin into the dermis
26-metabolism
__crescent (moon shaped-^) shaped upper surface of a
27-onset of action column of fluid
28-opthalmic __into the vein
29-parental __through the skin
30-percutaneous __referring to the eye
__time after a medication is administered to the bodies
31-pharmacology response to the medication
32-PRN order __irrigation or washing of body organ/
33-reconstitution __adding a solvent (fluid that dissolves) to a drug for
injection
34-side effect
__lavage of body organ, wound with solution with/without
35-SQ mediation
__sum of all physical and chemical process to maintain life
__study of action of medication on living animals/humans
Chapter 35-matching page 3
36-medication __applied externally to the surface of the skin or
mucous membrane
37-standing order
__the mouth-taking medications PO
38-stat order
__medication order (can be other types of
39-therapeutic effect orders like oxygen, labs) that means the
medication needs to be given immediately and
40-topical only one time
41-trade name __name the medication is given by the
42-transdermal patch manufacturer
__orders directing client care & gives the nurse
43-oral the authority to carry out specific interventions
under specific situations
__primary effect for which the drug was intended
__topical medication delivered by absorption
through the skin (typically worn for 24 hours or
more)
__drug-substance administered for a diagnosis,
cure, treatment, or relief of symptoms or for the
prevention of disease
Chapter 36-matching
__living in the absence of oxygen (gangrene-tetanus)
__thick dead (necrotic) tissue usually black/dark brown
1-aerobic
__cells that eat/ingest cells, microorganisms'‟, foreign
2-anaerobic material
3-approximated __surface tissues are closed/approximated
4-debridement __remove dead /necrotic & infected tissue
5-decubitus ulcer __restriction of movement ordered or fixed unable to
move
6-dehiscence
__living only in the presence of oxygen
7-eviceration
__pressure ulcer (lesion caused by unrelieved pressure
8-eschar resulting in damage to tissues)
9-excoriation __loss of surface layer of skin (usually red) trauma, burns
10-exudate __stopping or ceasing bleeding
__soften & breakdown tissues by soaking in fluid (skin)
11-granulation tissue
__wound healing process with new connective tissue &
12-hemostasis capillaries
13-immobility __tissue surfaces are close together
14-ischemia __part or all of the wound breaking open of sutured
wound
15-maceration
__lack of blood supply caused by blockage
16-phagocytosis
__pushing out of internal organs through a wound
17-primary intention healing
__material that escapes (fluid-cell) from blood vessels
during inflammation process
Chapter 36-matching page 2
__downward force on a body area-compression
of tissues due to weight on a body area
19-purulent exudate
__rubbing-the rubbing of one object against
20-pus another object (pulling of skin across sheet)
21-pyrogenic bacteria __thick liquid due to inflammation & includes
22-reactive hyperemia cells, liquid, microorganisms, tissue parts
23-sanguineous exudate __bath to soak clients pelvic area
24-secordary intention healing __friction & pressure when applied to skin
damages blood vessels & tissue
25-serosanguineous
__healing that occurs when would is left open for
26-serous exudate
3-5 days and then closed
27-friction
__increase in the lumen of the blood vessel
28-shearing force
__decrease in the lumen of the blood vessel
29-sitz bath
__exudate with leukocytes, dead tissue parts,
30-suppuration dead/living bacteria
31-tertiary intention __wound where tissue healing not approximated
32-vasoconstriction __bacteria that produce pus
33-vasodilation __exudate with large amount of red blood cells
34-pressure __exudate is clear & blood tinged
__formation of pus
__exudate is clear from blood and body
membranes
__bright red flush on skin after pressure relieved
Chapter 37-matching
__Medication applied to the skin or mucous membranes
to produce a loss of feeling/sensation to pain or touch
1-atelectasis __collapse of alveoli that results in decrease ventilation
2-closed wound drainage system & pooling of secretion in the upper airways
3-embolus __thread used to sew body tissue together
__blood that becomes a solid mass in the circulatory
4-pensose drain
system
5-preoperative phase __blood that becomes a solid mass or air bubble that
6-post operative phase moves through the circulatory system & causes an
obstruction
7-suture
__care prior to surgery-begins with the decision to have
8-thrombophlebitis surgery and end when transferred to operation table
9-thrombus __flexible flat tube inside the body to drain fluids from
the inside of wound to the outside
10-tissue perfusion
__drainage system that uses the pressure produced by
11-topical anesthesia compressing the bulb to remove fluid from the inside of a
wound to outside
12-intraoperative phase
__during the operation-begins when on operating table &
13-Jackson-Pratt drain (JP drain) end when transferred to PACU (post surgical unit)
__wound drainage system connected to electric or
portable suction (JP drain-hemovac
__after the operation-begins on admission to PACU and
ends when healing is completed
__blood flow through small vessels to maintain organs
__inflammation of vein with clot formation
Chapter 38-matching
1-acute confusion __touch
2-sensoristasis __sudden onset/start of confusion/reversible
3-awareness __internal organs (inside the body)
4-cultural care deprivation __delirium (reversible cause)
5-delirium __ability to understand the environment & body
reactions (and) respond appropriately
6- gustatory
__sense of taste
7-kinesthetic
__ability to identify object by touch/movement
8-sensory deprivation
__need for sensory stimulation
9-sensory overload
10-sensory perception __awareness of body parts position & movement
in the environment
11-sensory reception
__partial or total damage/impairment of a
12-stereognosis sensory organ
13-tactile __not enough sensory stimulation for a person to
14-visceral function (can result in sudden confusion)
15-sensory deficit __organization & interpretation of
stimuli/activities into useful information
__excessive/ to much sensory stimuli
__receiving stimuli/information from environment
__lack of cultural assistive support, care
Chapter 39-matching
__state of frustration/anxiety with the stress of role
conflict & when the role is unclear
1-body image
__clash between beliefs/behaviors when 2 or more roles
2-core self-concept are placed on one person
3-global self __how a person would prefer to be
__how a person sees themselves
4-ideal self
__beliefs/images most necessary to their identity
5-role __self confidence self value
6-role conflicts __most complete description someone gives of
themselves at any given time (beliefs/images)
7-role development
__expectations about how a person in a specific position
8-role mastery should behave
9-role performance __how much an individual approves of a certain part of
themselves
10-role strain __collection of ideas, feelings & beliefs someone has
about themselves
11-self-awareness
__relationship between a persons perception of
12-self-concept themselves & others perception of them
13-self-esteem __performance of role behaviors that meet social
expectations
14-specific self-esteem __changing to meet the needs of society in a specific role
__actions/behaviors in a role related to expected
behaviors in the role
Chapter 40-matching
1-androgyny __unclear gender (male/female) definition
__painful or difficult intercourse
2-body image
__penile/vaginal intercourse (coitus)
3-cross-dresser __how a person sees themselves size, appearance,
4-desire phase function, body parts
__part of sexual response involving vasocongestion &
5-dissatisfaction problems myotonia (muscle groups relax after contraction)
6-dysmenorrhea __persons sense of being male or female
7-dyspareunia __outward expression of being male or female
__part of the sexual response that starts with the brain
8-excitement/plateau phase (conscious sexual desire)
9-female sexual arousal disorder __painful menstruation (menses)
10-gender identity __belief that most characteristics & behaviors are human
qualities not limited to gender
11-gender-role behavior __continuing or recurrent disinterest in sexual activities
12-genital intercourse __person on one gender who dresses like a person of
another gender (usually men dress like women)
13-hypoactive sexual desire disorder
__lack of vaginal lubrication causing painful intercourse
14-intersex __not satisfied with sexual activity even though there
was desire, arousal and orgasm
Chapter 40-matching page 2
15-male erectile disorder __severe pain when touching the vaginal entrance
__part of sexual response with involuntary climax of sexual
16-masturbation tension with physiologic & psychological release
17-menstruation __sexual self-stimulation usually result in orgasm
__how a person values themselves as a sexual being
18-orgasmic phase
__persons who feels their sexual anatomy does not match
19-oral-genital sex their gender identity (internal feelings)
20-resolution phase __constant & persistent burning of vulva
__monthly vaginal discharge of blood
21-sexual aversion disorder
__male has erection problem during 25% or more sexual
22-sexual health interactions
__gradual change by step/stage of human characteristics
23-sexual orientation
from female to male
24-sexual self-concept __involuntary spasm/contraction of outer 1/3 of vaginal
muscles (painful vaginal penetration)
25-transgender
__severe dislike for sexual activities/thoughts
26-transsexual __integration of all aspect of sexuality in a ways that is
positive related to personality, communication & love
27-vaginismus
__preference of a person for one sex or another
28-vestibulitis __part of the sexual response with return to unaroused
state-with or without organism
29-vulvodynia
__oral stimulation of a male or female genital
Chapter 41-matching
__unquestionable, active belief that does not
require proof-relations including belief, love, ect
1-agnostic
__person know that there is something other or
2-atheist greater than the self
3-faith __denies the existence of God
4-hope __organized system of worship
__belief in/relationship with a higher power, force,
5-kosher energy, being
6-meditation __being with a client
7-monothesim __person who doubts the existence of God or
supreme being
8-polytheism
__accepted/prepared by Jewish law
10-spiritual well-being
__a feeling that what someone wants will be-
11-presencing perceiving realistic goals and motivation to
12-religion achieve them
__mental exercise directing the mind inward by
13-spiritual distress closing the senses to environmental stimuli
14-spiritual health __disturbance/challenge to a person belief/value
15-spirituality system
__spiritual well-being
16-transcendence
__feeling of inner peace & being alive/fulfilled
__belief in more than one God
__belief in one God
Chapter 42-matching
__factor that produces stress
1-alarm reaction-shock phase
__first reaction by the body to stress-alerts defenses
2-anxiety __feeling of sadness & low spirits-possible loss of function
3-burnout __state of mental uneasiness, dread, anxious feelings
__stressor initially know consciously or unconsciously to
4-caregiver burden
the person
5-coping mechanism __any event/situation causing a disruption in the bodies
normal equilibrium/homeostasis
6-coping strategies
__when the body cannot continue to adapt
7-countershock phase __behaviors like stage of exhaustion that can lead to
physical & emotional from energy deficit
8-crisis counseling
__when the body adapts to the event/situation
9-crisis intervention __mental process that develops as the personality attempts
to defend itself/cope
10-depression
__therapy focused of immediate problem solving for
11-ego defense mechanisms individuals, groups, families in crisis
12-GAS __response to long term stress in persons who undertake
care of a person at home for a long period (fatigue,
13-LAS insomnia, >BP)
__general arousal to stress-sympathetic nervous system
14-shock phase-1st part of alarm reaction
__localized arousal to stress-one body organ/part responds
15-stage of exhaustion-3rd part __short term help for helping clients work through crisis
16-stage of resistance-2nd part __innate/acquired ways of responding to changes/problems
17-stress __coping mechanisms
__part of alarm reaction when the body changes are
18-stressor reversed
Chapter 43-matching __emotional suffering often cause by a loss (usually related to
death-bereavement)
1-actual loss
__cotton or plastic material to cover a body after death
2-anticipatory grief __loss identified to a person and others can be due to an actual
or expected situation
3-anticipatory loss
__care given to terminally ill at home of in healthcare
4-bereavement facility/hospital-nursing home
__subject response of a person who has had a loss of significant
5-cerebral death other through death
6-closed awareness __irreversible damage to the cerebral cortex/higher brain
functions (cognitive)
7-complicated grief __process when grief is resolved or altered/changed (coped with)
__awareness when the client, family & health care providers
8-end of life care
know the condition is terminal but do not talk about the fact that
it is terminal
9-grief
__care provided the final weeks of life
10-heart-lung death __abnormal grief-coping methods are ineffective
11-higher brain death __loss experienced before the loss happens
__grief experienced before the event/occurrence
12-hospice
__control symptoms of a disease no longer responding to
13-mutual pretense cure/restoring health treatment
__cerebral cortex death
14-mourning
__clinical signs of death (no pulse-BP-respirations)
15-open awareness __awareness of client & others of impending death
16-palliative care __awareness of client of impending death
__person is unable to admit a loss to others (socially
17-shroud unacceptable: suicide, abortion, giving a child up for adoption)
18-disenfranchised grief
Chapter 44-matching
__complex materials are broken down in to simpler
materials (protein>>amino acids)
1-active ROM-range of motion
__person moves all their joints (ROM) in the body &
2-activity tolerance stretches all muscle groups
__simple materials are used to make complex materials
3-aerobic exercise (amino acids>>protein for tissue repair)
4-ambulation __accumulation of materials (mineral salts) form a hard
stone (commonly renal stone from eating to much acid
5-anabolism /alkaline foods)
6-anaerobic exercise __decrease in the size of organ (usually muscle when not
used-from stroke, paralysis-fracture)
7-ankylosed __point when the mass/most of body weight is centered
8-anorexia __permanently immobile/unmoveable joint
__partial or complete restriction to the bed
9-atrophy
__energy requirement to maintain essential (breathing-
10-BMR-basal metabolic rate heart beating) body functions
11-base of support __lack of appetite
__the action of walking
12-bed rest
__area which an object rests (standing-feet are base of
13-calculi support)
__activities when the muscle cannot pull enough oxygen
14-catabolism
from the blood stream (running hard for long period
without rest)
15-center of gravity
__type & amount of activity a person can perform
__activity when the muscle can pull enough/more oxygen
from the blood stream for the activity
Chapter 44-matching page 2
__way a person walks
16-contracture __weak , soft, lacking muscle tone
__blood clot that moves through the blood
17-crepitation stream
18-dorsal position __enlargement of a muscle or organ
19-dorsal recumbent position __a contracture of the planter flexion muscle
20-embolus __permanent shortening or a muscle resulting in
shortening of tendons & ligaments
21-exercise
__type of physical activity/body movement done
22-flaccid to maintain function or improve physical fitness
23-foot drop __exercise type and amount developed for a
specific person to increase compliance/
24-fowler‟s position
__a dry, crackling sound/feeling when listening or
25-functional strength palpating body surfaces (lung-joint/bones)
26-gait __lying on back/supine without a pillow
27-high fowler‟s position __lying on back with head slightly elevated
28-hypertrophy __ability of the body to perform work
29-individual exercise prescription __muscle contraction or tension against
resistance (usually done with a machine)
30-isokinetic exercise __sitting position with head elevated at 90 o
__sitting position with head elevation at 45o
Chapter 44-matching page 3
__number of steps per minute-distance of walking step
__setting exercise when muscles are tensed against an
31-isometric exercise immoveable object (no change in muscle length/joint
movement-quadricep exercises)
32-isotonic exercise
__ability of a person to move freely, easily & with a purpose
33-lateral position in the environment
__slight or partial paralysis (loss of muscle
34-logrolling
function/sensation)
35-lordosis __body movement by skeletal muscles-positive health
benefit)
36-low fowler‟s position
__turning the body as a whole unit & must be in alignment
37-metabolism at all times (usually for spine/back surgery)
__energy is made available for the person to use
38-mobility
__demineralization of the bone (bone strengthen with
39-orthopneic position weight bearing on long bones)
__decrease in blood pressure when changing positions
40-orthostatic hypotension
(lying-sitting-standing)
41-osteoporosis __abnormal outward cure of lumbar spine
42-pace __lying of the side-side lying
__another person moves the patient/clients joints through
43-paresis ROM & muscle stretching
44-passive ROM-range of motion __sitting position when the person leans over an bedside
table to relieve breathing difficulties
45-physical activity __exercise producing muscle tension/shortening to
produce contraction & active movement
__sitting position with head elevated at 15-45 o
Chapter 44-matching page 4
__sudden, prolonged involuntary muscle contraction
(usually person with CNS injury)
46-prone position
__blood clot in the blood stream
47-proprioception __triangle position (usually with crutch walking)
48-vital capacity __urine that does not flow & stays in a specific place for an
extended period of time (increases risk for infection &
49-relaxation response stone formation)
__lying on the back without a pillow
50-semi-fowler‟s position
__lying on the abdomen-lying face down
51-sim‟s position
__lying on the side with lower arm behind the body & top
52-spastic leg flexed
__same as low fowler‟s-sitting position with head elevated
53-supine position at 15-45 o
54-thrombophlebitis __inflammation of a vein from a blood clot
__maximum amount of air exhaled/breathing out after
55-thrombus
maximum inhalation/breathing in
56-tripod position __awareness of body/parts/movement/changes in
equilibrium in the environment/space
57-urinary incontinence
__state obtained through deep relaxation breathing
58-urinary retention __temporary/permanent inability to control flow of urine
from the bladder
59-urinary stasis
__accumulation of urine in the bladder & unable to empty
60-vasalva maneuver bladder
__forced expiration/exhaling against a closed glottis (used
during bowel movement , changing positions with overhead
trapeze bar-orthopedic patients/clients)
Chapter 45-matching
__altered state of consciousness when the persons
1-biological rhythms awareness & response to the environment /surrounding
are decreased
2-EEG-electroencephalogram
__study of sleep
3-EMG-electrmyogram
__unable to get enough quality or quantity of sleep
4-EOG-electro-oculogram __inner rhythms that appear to control a variety of
biological processes (sleep cycle, ect.)
5-hypersomnia
__excessive sleep (more than normally needed)
6-insomnia
__pattern of waking behaviors that appear during sleep
7-narcolepsy (bedwetting, sleepwalking)
__parasomnia
8-nocturnal emissions
__uncontrolled desire to sleep or sudden periods of
9-NREM sleep sleep during the day
10-parasomnia __rapid eye movement sleep (lasts <30 minutes &
dreaming occurs)
11-polysomnography __interventions used to promote sleep
12-REM sleep __period when breathing stops during sleep (usually
indicates a medical problem)
13-sleep
__orgasm & discharge of semen during sleep
14-sleep apnea __nonrapid eye movement is deep restful sleep
15-sleep hygiene __graph of electrical activity of brain
16-somnology __graph of electrical activity of eye to eye movement
__graph of electrical activity of muscles
Chapter 46-matching __surgery that blocks peripheral/cranial nerves to relieve
pain
1-acute pain __pain that repeats or continues for a long time (usually
6 months)
2-allodynia __long light/firm stroke massage techniques (usually
3-cancer pain back-spine)
__chemical (anesthetic) block of nerve pathways
4-central neuropathic pain
__unpleasant/abnormal sensation/feeling
5-chronic pain __pain related to cancer diagnosis & treatment
6-coananalgesic __feelings of hurt/injury-subjective data about client pain
& it is what the client says it is
7-pain
__pain that last only through the expected recovery
8-dysesthesia period (less than 6 months)
9-effleurage __medication not classified for pain but may reduce pain
in combination with analgesics
10-equianalgesia __severely sensitive to pain
11-hyperalgesia __hyperalgesia
12-hyperpathia __nonpainful stimuli (linen, air) produces an
unpleasant/abnormal sensation-dysesthesia
13-mild pain __pain from a nerve that is functioning abnormally in the
central nervous system/CNS
14-moderate pain
__doses of opioids that provide about the same pain
15-nerve block relief
16-neurectomy __pain rating of 4-6
__pain rating of 1-3
Chapter 46-matching page 2
__pain rating of 7-10
__block of the anterior/posterior nerve root-used most
17-neuropathic pain commonly to relieve head/neck pain
18-nociception __pain form peripheral or central nervous system that
results in pain but may/may not be associated with tissue
19-rhizotomy damage
__treatment that produces the effect because the client
20-pain management believes it does (chemical/physical agents)
21-pain threshold __pain receptor
__pain from skin, muscles, bone or connective tissue
22-pain tolerance __patient controlled analgesia-client manages their own
pain by pressing a button attached to IV pain medication
23-PCA pump
24-peripheral neuropathic pain __amount of pain required before pain is felt
__maximum amount /duration of pain a client can put
25-physiological pain
up with/bear
26-placebo __pain sensed/felt in one area when it is really in another
area
27-referred pain __system used to control/relieve client‟s pain to a
comfort level agreed upon by the client/nurse
28-severe pain
__pain sent by nerves when tissues are damaged
29-somatic pain __pain that follows damage or sensitization/make
sensitive of peripheral nerves
Chapter 46-matching page 3
30-opioid __narcotic medication used for pain
__pain from stimulation of pain receptors in the
31-sympathectomy abdomen, chest, head (internal organ pain)
32-TENS __noninvasive/nonanalgesic pain control
technique for the client to manage their pain-low
33-viceral pain voltage electrical stimulation of the painful area
__cutting of pathways of the sympathetic part of
the autonomic nervous system to improve blood
supply (used most commonly for painful vascular
disorders)
Chapter 47-matching
__widespread & short lived interest (diets –nutritional
value should be questioned)
1-anabolism __something the speeds up a chemical reaction –catalyst)
__blood is deficient in red blood cells or hemoglobin
2-anemia
(carrier of oxygen)
3-anorexia nervosa __decay of infants teeth form constant feeding of a sweet
liquid (apple juice, ect)from a bottle
4-BMR-basal metabolic rate __complex substance (protein-ect). are broken down into
simple substances (proteins>amino acids)
5-BMI __protein containing all essential amino acids &
nonessential amino acids
6-bottle mouth syndrome
__difficulty or inability to swallow
7-bulemia __via the GI gastrointestinal system
8-caloric value __simple substances (amino acids) are converted by the
body cells into complex substance (build tissue-maintain
9-catabolism (+) nitrogen balance)
__uncontrolled compulsion to eat large quantity of foods
10-cholesterol followed by self induced vomiting/laxative use
__lipid that does not contain fatty acids
11-complete protein
__prolonged inability to eat or refusal to eat-person leading
12-fad to malnutrition (unrealistic belief that they are fat)
__amount of energy that nutrients/food supplies to the
13-dysphagia body
14-enteral __rate of energy uses by the body that is required to
maintain essential activities/function (breathing, ect.)
15-enzymes __measure that indicates weight is appropriate for height
Chapter 47-matching page 2 __inadequate supply of iron to produce hemoglobin
__tube inserted through the nose>down throat & into the
16-fat soluble vitamin (DEAK) stomach for feeding or removal of gastric content
__best/optimal weight for optimal health
17-food diary
__inorganic substance from the earth needed for proper
18-food frequency record body function & maintenance or health
__mineral needed daily in amounts <100mg (iron-iodine-
19-gastrostomy
copper-selenium-zinc-ext.)
20-IBW-ideal body weight __minerals needed daily in amounts >100mg (potassium-
sodium-calcium-ect.)
21-iron deficiency anemia
__calorie-unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required
22-kilocalorie to raise the temperature of (1)kg or water (1)degree C
__opening through the abdomen wall into the stomach (a
23-macrominerals large tube is inserted into the stomach for feeding &
medications)
24-macronutrients
__vitamins the body can store
25-malnutrition __detailed record of all foods/amounts eaten over a specific
26-metabolism period (3-5 days)
__carbohydrates & proteins needed in large amounts daily
27-microminerals for energy
28-micronutrients __vitamins & minerals required in small amounts for
metabolism
30-MAC-mid arm circumference __insufficient nourishment of the body cells
31-minerals __measure of fat, muscle, bone/skeleton
32-nasogastric tube __record of how frequently food groups & specific food is
eaten
__breakdown & utilization of food for energy
Chapter 47-matching page 3 __vitamins the body cannot store (C-B-ect.)
__BMI is greater/> 30 kg/m2
33-nitrogen balance __liquid added to food & blended into a semisolid
34-nutritive value consistency
__found in blood, urine, lymph-main nitrogen substance in
35-obese blood-essential for synthesis (putting together of parts to
36-overnutrition produce a whole)of necessary proteins)-produces from
protein metabolism
37-overweight
__amount of heat required to raise the temperature of
38-parenteral (1)g of water (1) degree C
39-PEG-precutaneous endoscopic __BMI of 26-30 kg/m2
__nutrient content of a specific amount of food
gastrostomy (stomach)
__intake of nutrients not enough to support energy
40-PEJ-precutaneous endoscopic requirements
jejunostomy (small bowel) __drug/feeding administered outside of GI tract
41-protein-calorie malnutrition __spitting up/backward flow of stomach contents
42-pureed diet __intake of nutrients exceeds required to support energy
requirements
43-regurgitation __indicator of amount of body fat (stored energy)
44-REE-resting energy expenditure __amount of energy require to maintain body function
45-skinfold measurement __small feeding tube inserted through abdomen wall into
stomach
46-small calorie
__small feeding tube inserted through the abdomen wall
47-undernutrition into the jejunostomy of small bowel
48-urea __client with long term deficiencies in calorie intake (low
albumin-muscle wasting-fat wasting)
49-water soluble vitamin
__measure of protein anabolism & catabolism
Chapter 48-matching __weak, soft, lacking muscle tone
__painful or difficulty voiding/urinating
1-anuria __technique when fluid and molecules pass through a
semipermeable membrane (usually in renal/kidney failure-
2-bladder training function like the kidney)
3-BUN-blood urea nitrogen __medication that increases urine output
4-creatinine clearance __production of large amounts of urine without intake of
a large amount of urine
5-Crede‟s maneuver __bed-wetting
6-detrusor muscle __urine output less than 100 ml per 24 hours/day-
indicates kidney failure or severe dehydration
7-dialysis
__tuft of capillaries in the kidney surrounding Bowman‟s
8-diuresis capsule
9-diuretic __attempts/strategies to keep a person/client dry by
setting a schedule/routine for voiding/urinating
10-dysuria __measure of urea (byproduct of protein metabolism) in
the blood
11-enuresis
__person resists urge to void to keep on a voiding
12-flaccid schedule/timetable
13-glomerulus __smooth muscle layer of bladder
__24 hour test urine/serum creatinine levels to
14-habit training
determine glomerular filtration rate
15-ileal conduit __manual pressure on the bladder to force urine out
__a connection between a pouch created from the ileum
and connected to the kidney ureters-surgical stoma is
created to drain urine (high risk of infection)
Chapter 48-matching page 2
__triangle area at the base of the bladder-marks ureter
16-meatus openings
__backward flow (commonly related to urine)
17-micturition
__voiding 2 or more times a night
18-nephrostomy
__an opening or channel through any part of the body
19-neurogenic bladder __voiding/urination
20-nocturia __diuresis (common to diabetic or client on diuretics)
21-nocturnal frequency __excessive thirst (common in diabetics or dehydration)
__kidney produces abnormally small amounts of urine
22-oliguria
__need for older persons to get up at night to void
23-polyuria __redirect urine from the kidney to a stoma
24-polydipsia __amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding
25-prompted voiding __technique for habit training when the person is placed
on the commode or reminded to void
26-reflux __foley like catheter inserted through the abdomen
27-residual urine (below the symphsis pubis ) into the bladder
__results from an injury/damage to neurologic function-
28-suprapubic catheter (common in spinal cord injuries) the person does not
realize that the bladder is full and they are unable to
29-trigone control the urinary sphincter
Chapter 48-matching page 3
30-ureterostomy __void/micturation
31-urgency __feeling that a person has when they need to
urinate/void
32-urinary frequency
__accumulation of urine in the bladder & unable
33-urinary hesitation to empty the bladder
34-urinary incontinence __temporary/permanent inability to control flow
of urine from the bladder
35-urinary retention
__person need to void/urinate frequently
36-urination __delay or difficulty starting/initiating voiding
37-vesicostomy (often linked to dysuria/difficulty or painful
urination/voiding)
__surgical opening into the bladder
__surgical opening through the abdomen with
ureter brought through the opening to form a
small stoma-urine is eliminated through the stoma
Chapter 49-matching
__digestive materials /food-medications that leave the
stomach through the small intestine and pass through the
1-bowel incontinence ileocecal valve
__opening into the colon (large bowel)
2-carminative __gas or air normally in the stomach/intestines
3-cathartics __increased motility/peristalsis of the colon in response
to food entering the stomach
4-chyme __agent/substance that helps the passage of flatus from
5-colostomy the colon
__solution administered into the rectum or sigmoid
6-constipation colon to remove feces/flatus
__stool-body waste & undigested food removed by the
7-defecation
bowel
8-diarrhea __drug/substance that removes feces from the
bowel/defecation
9-enema __stool/feces that are small, hard, dry-no stool for
abnormally long time (normal 3 stools per week)
10-fecal impaction
__bowel incontinence
11-fecal incontinence __loss of voluntary ability to control fecal/stool &
gas/flatus discharge through the anal/rectal sphincter
12-feces
__elimination of feces/stool from the rectum/anus
13-flatus __defecation of liquid feces/stool & increase frequency
14-gastrocolic reflex __mass or collection of hardened, putty like feces/stool
in the rectum or colon
Chapter 49-matching page 2
__feces-bowel movement
__movement of chyme back & forth in the haustra
15-haustra churning (pouch formed in the large intestine)
16-hemorrhoids __surgical opening through the abdomen wall to the
bowel-bowel is putted through the opening for the
17-ileostomy elimination of stool form the small/large bowel or urine
__dilated veins in the rectum-can bleed, itch , burn, no
18-ingestion symptoms (common after a baby)
19-jejunostomy __first stool/feces form a newborn (24 hours of birth)
__taking in of food or medications
20-laxatives __usually after eating-strong /powerful muscular
contraction moving over the large area of the colon
21-mass peristalsis
__solid cone shaped medication inserted into the
22-meconium rectum, vaginal, urethra
__medication the stimulates bowel activity to help
23-ostomy
remove stool/feces
24peristalsis __wave like movement of the intestinal wall that moves
intestinal contents forward/onward
25-stoma __surgical opening through the abdomen to the ileum of
the small bowel (before large intestines)
26-stool
__surgical opening through the abdomen to the jejunum
27-suppositories (middle part of small bowel)
__surgical opening through the abdomen wall or
between (2) body structures (colostomy,
gastroenterostomy, ect.)
Chapter 50-matching
__difficulty/hard to breath
__normal, quiet breathing (vesicular, bronchovesicular,
1-adventitious breath sounds bronchial)
2-apnea __period of no respirations
__abnormal breath sounds (rales, rhonchi, wheeze,
3-atelectasis
friction rub)
4-biot respiration __portion /ration of red blood cells to total blood
volume
5-bradypnea
__bluish discoloration of skin & mucous membranes
6-cheyne-stokes respirations from a decrease in oxygen in the blood (at the cell level)
7-cyanosis __red color of blood that carries oxygen (iron)
__cough & spit up mucus-(usually from lungs)
8-diffusion
__movement of particles (gas) from a higher
9-dyspnea concentration to a lower concentration
10-emphysema __collapse of alveoli causing a decrease in ventilation
(movement of air into & out of the lungs) & pooled
11-erythrocytes secretions in dependent parts of the lung
12-eupnea __abnormal slow respirations-less 10/minute
__red blood cell RBC
13-expectorate
__shallow breaths with periods of apnea (clustered
14-hematocrit breathing & common neurologic disorders)
15-hemoglobin __consistent pattern of respiration starting slow shallow
to deep and rapid with a period of apnea (common in
heart failure & strokes)
__chronic pulmonary disorder when alveoli are
distended & dilated (typically have low oxygen levels)
Chapter 50-matching page 2
__insufficient oxygen in the body (at the cell level)
__reduced oxygen in the blood
16-hemothorax
__ability to breath only in an upright (high fowlers) or
17-humidifiers standing position (common in respiratory distress
disorders-COPD, asthma, ect.
18-hypercapnea
__hypercapnea (high levels of carbon dioxide in blood)
19-hypercarbia __accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood
20-hyperinflation __lung tissue recoils/springs back away from the chest
wall toward the trachea (emphysema there is a
21-hyperoxygenation decreased lung recoil)
22-hypoxemia __expandability of the lung tissues (surfactant)
__pressure in the pleural cavity between the chest wall
23-hypoxia and lung tissue (changes with inspiration & expiration) *is
24-incentive spirometer slightly negative
__accumulation of blood in the pleural space (between
25-intrapleural pressure the chest wall & lung )
26-intrapulmonary pressure __device that adds water/vapor to inspired air (prevents
drying of mucous membranes)
27-kussmaul breathing
__giving client a breath higher than normal tidal volume
28-lung compliance (helps open alveoli & increase oxygen)
__administering oxygen with a bag or ventilator
29-lung recoil
__measures the flow of air inhaled through a mouth
30-orthopnea piece (improves tidal volume)
__hyperventilation from metabolic acidosis (blows off
carbon dioxide-common in diabetics DKA)
__pressure inside of the lungs (changes with respiratory
cycle)
Chapter 50-matching page 3
__same as millimeters of mercury (mmHg) used
commonly in relation to ventilator settings
31-oxyhemoglobin
__harsh, crowing sound made on expiration
32-partial pressure caused by a constriction/partial block of the
upper airway
33-pneumothorax
__secreted by the alveolar cells in the alveoli to
34-postural drainage reduce the surface tension & necessary for the
35-respiratory membrane elastic properties/expansion of the lung
tissues/alveoli
36-sputum
__mucous secretions from the lungs, bronchi,
37-stridor trachea
38-suctioning __oxygen attached to hemoglobin
39-surfactant __accumulation of air in the pleural space
__abnormally fast respirations-more than 24/min.
40-tachypnea
__where oxygen & carbon dioxide are exchanged
41-tidal volume between the alveoli & blood capillaries
42-torr __vigorous quivering produced by the hands flat
against the chest wall (loosens thick secretions)
43-vibration
__pressure produced by each type of gas in a
mixture (oxygen 21% of room air)
__drainage of secretions from the lung by gravity
__volume of air inhaled & exhaled
__removal of secretions with a catheter
connected to a suction machine
Chapter 51-matching __cardiac/respiratory arrest situation
__cardiac chambers above the ventricles (contain SA node
1-afterload –normal pacemaker of the heart)
__amount of blood ejected for the left ventricle (usually
2-atherosclerosis referred to over a minute 4-6 L/minute) with each
contraction (heart beat)
3-atria
__period when the ventricles relax (second sound when
4-AV node doing a blood pressure)
__network of vessels in the heart muscle/tissue that
5-AV valves
provide circulation for the heart (arterial)
6-automaticity __lines the inside of the heart & great vessels
7-blood pressure __build up of fatty plaque in arteries
__force of pressure placed on artery walls by the flow of
8-bundle of his blood produced by ventricular contraction & relaxation
(systolic & diastolic pressures)
9-cardiac output
__branches/pathways for the conduction of electrical
10-code blue messages through the ventricle
11-contractility __enzyme released for cardiac muscle when there is
damage/injury (seen in heart attack)
12-coronary arteries __ability of cardiac muscle to shorten to contract
13-CK-creatine kinase __cardiac muscle produces an independent electrical
stimulus
14-diastole __resistance the heart must pump against to eject blood
into the circulation (increase afterload =increase resistance
15-endocardium in the aorta & increase volume in the ventricle after
contraction
__conduction pathway from the atria to the ventricle
__valves between the atria & ventricles (tricuspid-mitral)
Chapter 51-matching page 2
__visceral pericardium lines the surface of the heart &
forms the outer most layer
16-epicardium
__cardiac muscle cells that shorten with contraction &
17-heart failure lengthen with relaxation
__period when the ventricle contracts( first sound when
18-ischemia doing a blood pressure)
19-ventricles __(2) cardiac chambers below the atria-responsible for
cardiac output
20-myocardium __deficiency of blood supply from an obstruction
21-pericardium __condition when the heart cannot keep up the cardiac
output to need the body needs for oxygen & nutrients (can
22-PVR-peripheral vascular resistance be caused by a heart attack)
23-preload __amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each
contraction
24-purkinje fibers __primary pacemaker of the heart between the superior
vena cava & atria (enters right atria
25-semilunar valves
__divides the right & left side of the heart
26-septum
__conduction fibers in the ventricle-stimulate ventricular
27-sinoatrial (SA) node contraction
__fibrous membrane of the heart protects the heart &
28-stroke volume anchors structures surrounding the heart
29-systole __reduction in blood flow to body tissues related to blood
thickness/viscosity, vessel length, vessel diameter
__valves between the ventricle & pulmonary artery
(pulmonic) and between the ventricle & aorta (aortic)
__stretch of muscle fibers in the ventricle at the end of
diastole (increase preload=overstretch & reduced cardiac
output (starling law of stretch effectiveness)
Chapter 51-matching page 3
30-troponin __enzyme released into the blood during a
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
31-myocardial infarction
__heart attack-cardiac tissue /cells die (necrosis)
from an obstruction of blood flow to the hearts
circulatory system (muscle damage/death &
reduced ventricular contraction>>reduced
cardiac output)
Chapter 52-matching
* you need to know all the Hyper/Hypo electrolytes
__fluid outside the cell (intravascular /interstitial)
1-active transport __alkaline (HCO3-)-low hydrogen level H+-act to
neutralize an acid
2-anions
__ion that carries a negative charge like CL-
3-antibodies __substance (microorganism-drug-food-ect) that stimulates
the formation of antibodies
4-antigens
__ion that carries a positive charge like K+
5-acid __inadequate body fluid volume
6-base __acid (H+)-release of hydrogen (H+) in solution-acts to
neutralize an alkaline
7-cation
__movement of substances across cell membranes against a
8-central venous catheter concentration gradient (requires energy to perform-not
passive)
9-colloid osmotic pressure __catheter introduces into the subclavian or jugular veins &
catheter tip is outside the right atria
10-collioid
__movement from a higher concentration to a lower
11-compensation concentration (passive)
12-crystalloid __substance like large protein molecule that does not
dissolve easily
13-dehydration __pull pressure that a colloid creates to maintain the water
content in blood
14-diffusion
__salt (sodium chloride-potassium chloride) that dissolves
15-extracellular (ECF) in solution
__term for counterbalancing (when blood pressure drops
the heart rate increases to compensate for drop in cardiac
output
__blood defense mechanism to protect against an antigen
(usually bacteria or virus)
Chapter 52-matching page 2
__atom or group of atoms that carry a (+) or (-)
electrical charge=electrolytes
16-filtration
__solution with a higher osmolality than the body (280-
17-fluid volume deficit 300)
18-fluid volume excess __solution with a lower osmolality than the body (less
than 280)
19-hemolytic transfusion reaction __solution with a osmolality as the body (280-300)
20-hydrostatic pressure __fluid found in the cell (ICF)
21-hypertonic __fluid that surrounds the cell between the capillary &
the cell-considered extracellular fluid ECF
22-hypervolemic __fluid in the vessels/circulation-considered ECF or
plasma
23-hypotonic
__increase blood volume/circulating volume
24-hypovolemia
__abnormal reduction in blood volume
25-insensible fluid loss __fluid & solutes move together across a membrane
from one compartment to another (major role of the
26-interstitial fluid kidneys)
27-intracellular fluid (ICF) __nursing diagnosis for dehydration
28-intravascular fluid __nursing diagnosis for hypervolemia/fluid overload
__destruction of RBC from a transfusion of incompatible
29-ion blood
30-isotonic __push pressure of blood against the walls of the vessel-
filtration force (more push pressure the more filtration)
__fluid lost but the person does not realize the loss
(breathing, metabolism, ect.)
Chapter 52 matching page 3
__measure of alkalinity or acidity
31-metabolic acidosis __excess of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)in the body-pH
greater than 7.45
32-metabolic alkalosis __fluid portion/part of the blood in which blood cells are
free floating
33-milliequivalent
__deficiency of (HCO3-) ions in the body-pH less than 7.35
34-obligatory loss __concentration of solutes in body fluid
35-oncotic pressure __chemical combining power of a substance mEq
36-osmolality __hypercapnia-excess carbon dioxide in the body
__hypocapnia-excess loss of carbon dioxide in the body
37-osmosis
__firm pressure on surface of the skin produces an
38-selective permeable indentation that lasts for several seconds (increase in
interstitial fluid)
39-overhydration __water is gained in excess of electrolytes resulting in low
osmolality (less than 280) & sodium-water intoxication
40-pH
__solvent (liquid) passes through a semipermeable
41-pitting edema membrane from a lesser concentration to a higher
concentration
42-plasma
__colloid osmotic pressure
43-respiratory acidosis __essential fluid losses required to maintain body function
(transcellular)
44-respiratory alkalosis
__cell membrane allows substances (electrolytes) across
them with different degrees of ease
Chapter 52-matching page 4
46-solutes __compartment of extracellular fluid
(cerebrospinal fluid, biliary fluid, synovial fluid, ect.)
47-solvent
__used to increase blood volume following a
48-specific gravity severe loss in blood or plasma
49-third space syndrome __substance dissolved in a liquid
50-transcellular __liquid used to dissolve a substance
51-volume expander __fluid shift from the vascular space
(intravascular) into an area (ISS-interstitial space-
cell-trancellular)
__weight/concentration of substance compared
with that of a equal volume of another (usually
distilled water is the standard)
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