Tutorial

WiseImage 6.0 for AutoCAD Tutorial with Screenshots, Demos and Samples This tutorial provides a series of practical examples, which look at the most important features of WiseImage Pro 6.0 for AutoCAD. At the end of each exercise we refer you to the appropriate section of the Quick Start guide, which will provide a brief description of those features just covered. We recommend you complete all exercises from this tutorial in conjunction with the Quick Start guide. Note that this tutorial does not contain information on all WiseImage for AutoCAD commands, settings, and features. 1 Getting started ----------------------------------------------------- 4 Loading a Raster File -------------------------------------------------------------Scanning with WiseImage --------------------------------------------------------Loading Raster Images -----------------------------------------------------------Creating New Raster Images -----------------------------------------------------Saving raster images -------------------------------------------------------------AutoCAD Save---------------------------------------------------------------------Raster Snap -----------------------------------------------------------------------Speckle Remover -----------------------------------------------------------------Four point correction--------------------------------------------------------------Separating by size ----------------------------------------------------------------Deskewing-------------------------------------------------------------------------Smoothing-------------------------------------------------------------------------4 4 4 4 4 4 5 Tuning the raster snap ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Lesson 1. Enhancing raster images ------------------------------ 6 6 6 7 8 9 Lesson 2. Setting UCS, eliminating distortions using calibration--------------------------------------------------------- 11 Setting a new origin -------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Calibrating raster images --------------------------------------------------------- 11 Saving the Document ------------------------------------------------------------- 12 Define real points ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 Specify measured points -------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Lesson 3. Correction and Binarization of Color Images ------ 13 Correcting a color image by histogram ------------------------------------------ 13 Binarizing a color image ---------------------------------------------------------- 13 Improving the monochrome layer obtained after binarization ----------------- 14 Thinning --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Lesson 4. Raster selection -------------------------------------- 16 Information------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 Raster selection ------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 Lesson 5. Editing Raster Images ------------------------------- 22 Editing raster objects ------------------------------------------------------------- 22 Using tracing for editing ---------------------------------------------------------- 24 Method 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 Method 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 Rasterizing vector objects -------------------------------------------------------- 25 Lesson 6. Editing raster data using AutoCAD commands ---- 26 Move the Raster data ------------------------------------------------------------- 26 Mirror the Raster data ------------------------------------------------------------ 27 Copy the Raster data ------------------------------------------------------------- 27 Rotate the Raster data------------------------------------------------------------ 28 Create an array of the Raster data----------------------------------------------- 28 Stretch the Raster data ----------------------------------------------------------- 28 Lesson 7. Tracing------------------------------------------------- 30 Tracing lines, arcs, circles and hatches ------------------------------------------ 30 2 Tracing Tracing Tracing Tracing Training the program to recognize symbols -----------------------------------------------------35 Tuning tracing parameters & tracing ------------------------------------------------------------36 polylines ------------------------------------------------------------------ 32 polylines with orthogonal segments------------------------------------- 33 raster outlines ------------------------------------------------------------ 34 raster symbols ----------------------------------------------------------- 35 Tracing color raster images ------------------------------------------------------ 37 Tracing raster polylines on a color image -------------------------------------------------------37 Lesson 8. Automatic Vectorization ----------------------------- 38 Tuning vectorization -------------------------------------------------------------- 38 How to specify the types of entities to recognize -----------------------------------------------38 Setting the geometry of the image --------------------------------------------------------------38 Separating vector objects by width to different layers and colors -----------------------------40 Tuning text recognition---------------------------------------------------------------------------40 Saving vectorization settings for future use-----------------------------------------------------41 Running Vectorization ------------------------------------------------------------ 41 Correcting vectorization results -------------------------------------------------- 42 Correcting recognized texts ----------------------------------------------------------------------42 Lesson 9. Symbol Recognition in Automatic Vectorization -- 43 Training to recognize symbols---------------------------------------------------- 43 Tuning vectorization parameters ------------------------------------------------- 43 Running vectorization------------------------------------------------------------- 44 Lesson 10. Search and Replace --------------------------------- 45 How to search for vector objects and replace them with other vector objects 45 How to search for raster objects and replace them with vector objects ------- 46 3 Getting started During this introduction you will gain the basic knowledge required to work with WiseImage for AutoCAD – using WiseImage commands, loading and saving raster files, using the running Raster Snap and Snap on Demand. Loading a Raster File You can load an existing raster image, create new ones and scan raster images directly into the program. Scanning with WiseImage You can scan directly into AutoCAD with WiseImage, if you are using a CONTEX scanner or a scanner with a TWAIN-driver. If several supported scanners are installed, choose one with the Select Source command from the rFile menu, then start the Acquire command. The subsequent dialog will depend on what scanner and driver version you have. Loading Raster Images In AutoCAD 2000/2000i/2002/2004 you can use the AutoCAD command - ImageAttach - or choose Raster Image from the Insert menu. In AutoCAD LT2000/2000i/2002/2004 you must use the rOpen command of WiseImage instead. Creating New Raster Images To create a new raster image choose New from the rFile menu and specify its properties, such as size, type, resolution, etc. Saving raster images To save a raster image, use the rSave or rSaveAs commands. AutoCAD Save The AutoCAD Save or SaveAs command creates a DWG-file (or saves changes to an existing file), which includes one or several links to the raster files in use. The Insert menu command – Image Manager displays a list of all raster images, including the name and path of the corresponding raster file. If you have created a new raster image or modified an existing raster file with WiseImage you will be asked you if this image should be saved to a file. 4 Raster Snap WiseImage allows you to snap to characteristic points of raster objects. To turn on raster snap, from the rImage menu choose Snap and then Raster Snap On. You can also use running snap and snap on demand modes. Running Raster Snap uses the same settings from Object snap as AutoCAD Vector Snap. You can choose Raster Snap on demand by right-clicking with the Ctrl key pressed. Tuning the raster snap IMPORTANT: Raster snap quality is influenced by your image quality. You can tune raster snap using the R2V Conversion Options dialog box. Choose Conversion Options from the rConvert menu and go to the Options tab. Specify the following values: Max Width – the maximum width of a raster object, whose characteristic points you want to snap to. (The value of this parameter should be slightly greater than the maximum width of the raster line.) Accuracy – a parameter corresponding to your raster image quality. Use higher values for images of good quality and lower values for images of poor quality. 5 Lesson 1. Enhancing raster images During this lesson you will learn ways of enhancing raster images. Using examples, you’ll find out how to remove speckles from a raster image, separate an image by size, apply the Smoothing filter, deskew a scanned image and apply four-point correction. Speckle Remover Create a new AutoCAD drawing. Using the Open command from the rFile menu, load the Sample1.tif file from the Lesson_1 folder. To enhance the raster image let’s apply the Speckle Remover filter, then four-point correction to eliminate the distortions. • To remove speckles choose Speckle Remover from the Filters menu. Estimate the max speckle size on screen (using the measure tool ). To help select a speckle, use Zoom and Pan (see the commands of the View menu). • Click Apply. Fig.1-1 The original document Fig. 1-2 After removing speckles Four point correction • To eliminate distortions choose 4 point Correction from the Image menu. Specify the frame size in the Width (265 mm) and Height (180 mm) fields. Press the Measure Frame button and specify the four corners of the document frame one by one. Press OK. • • 6 Fig. 1-3 Specifying 4 frame corners Fig. 1-4 After 4-point correction • • Save the corrected image using Save or Save As from the rFile menu. As you have applied all required operations to this image, you can now: o o Erase the saved image. To do this, you need to select it by clicking on the frame with the cursor, and then press Erase. Unload the image using AutoCAD Image Manager. To open Image Manager, choose Image Manager from the Insert menu. Select the image from the list, and then press Detach. Close the AutoCAD document (with or without saving it); to save the document choose Save or Save As from the rFile menu. o View Speckle Remover and 4 point Correction demo Separating by size When applying the Speckle Remover filter, you can accidentally remove small important objects, whose size is close to the speckle size. If this happens, an alternative is to use the operation of separating raster particles by size. The principle of this operation is similar to speckle removing, except speckles are not removed but transferred to a new raster image. Create a new AutoCAD drawing (if you have closed the previous one). Choose Open from the File menu. Open the Sample2.tif file from the Lesson_1 folder. • To separate the speckles from the raster image choose Separation by Size from the Images menu. Estimate the max speckle size on screen (using the measure tool • ). Choose a color and (if needed) a name for the new image that you want to transfer the raster speckles to. Click Apply. • 7 Fig.1-5 Original document Fig.1-6 After separation In figure 2 one of the centerline fragments that were incorrectly transferred to the speckle layer, is marked with an arrow. Perform the following actions to bring the fragments back to the original image: Select the fragments that were incorrectly transferred to the speckle layer. • On the Raster Select toolbar press the Add button (to add data to the selection). • In this example, it is best to select the raster fragments using the tool - Select Raster - press the corresponding Floodfill button on the Raster Select toolbar. • In the Select Image dialog select the checkbox for the image containing the speckles. Press OK. • Use the mouse cursor to specify the particles to be transferred back to the original layer. • Choose Merge from the rEdit menu. The selected particles will be merged with the original layer. • You can unload the speckle image using, for example, AutoCAD Image Manager. Choose Image Manager from the Insert menu, then select the speckle image from the list and press Detach. Deskewing To deskew the image with automatic definition of the rotation angle, choose Deskew from the rImage menu, and then select Auto. 8 Fig.1-7 Before deskewing Fig.1-8 After deskewing • Save the raster image and close it as described above on page 7. View Separation & Deskew demo Smoothing Create a new AutoCAD drawing. Choose Open from the File menu. Open the Sample3.tif file from the Lesson_1 folder. • Choose the Smoothing filter from the Filters menu. Use the sliders – Medianing & Threshold – to achieve the best results in the preview window. INFORMATION: You can change the position of the preview window using the Preview Area button located on the WiseImage toolbar. Fig.1-9 Before applying Smoothing Fig.1-10 After applying Smoothing • Save and close the raster image as described above on page 7. 9 View Smoothing demo INFORMATION: For detailed information on enhancing raster images see the section Enhancing Scanned Images of the Quick Start guide. 10 Lesson 2. Setting UCS, eliminating distortions using calibration During this lesson you will learn how to set up a User Coordinate System (UCS), and eliminate distortions of a raster image using calibration. Setting a new origin Choose Open from the AutoCAD File menu. Open the utrecht.dwg file from the Lesson_2-3 folder. Specify the coordinate of the bottom-left grid node on the raster image. • • From the AutoCAD Tools menu choose New UCS, and then Origin. Use the cursor to specify the bottom-left grid node. Calibrating raster images Calibration is used to eliminate arbitrary (both linear and non-linear) distortions of raster images. The original image must contain points with known coordinates. These points are called real points. You can use the nodes of a rectangular grid as real points (if you work with mapping materials) and/or other points, whose coordinates are known or can be calculated. The points that correspond to the real ones on the distorted image, are often located with some displacement. These points are called measured points, as their coordinate value can be measured on the raster image. The purpose of calibration is to transform the raster image so that the measured points coincide with the real points. Define real points You can use the rectangular grid nodes as real points on this image. A grid is defined by three parameters: start point (coordinates of bottom-left node), cell size (by X and Y axis), and grid size (by X and Y axis). Define the calibration grid: • • From the rImage menu choose Calibration and then – Define Grid button. In the Calibration Grid dialog specify: Origin – coordinates of the bottom-left node – 0,0 Cell –cell size: X-size-32, Y-size-32 Size –grid size: X-cell-2, Y-cell-2 • • Press the Preview button to make sure the grid was defined correctly. Press OK 11 Specify measured points • Press the Next Point button of the Calibration dialog. WiseImage places the first point from the list in the screen center (point 1) and highlights it with grips. Move the grips to the grid node on the scanned image (in point 2) – in doing so you specify the measured point. Press N (next) to move to the next calibration pair. (P (previous) – to move to the previous one). Specify the measured points for all real points from the list. • • 1 2 Choose a calibration method • From the combo-box of Calibration Method select Choose automatically or, if needed, another calibration method from the list. Evaluate the error of the selected method by pressing the Estimate button. • Press Apply. Saving the Document • • You can save the calibrated image by choosing Save or Save As from the rFile menu. You can save the AutoCAD document with the calibrated image using Save or Save As from the File menu. View Calibration demo INFORMATION: For detailed information on this subject see the corresponding sections of the Quick Start guide. 12 Lesson 3. Correction and Binarization of Color Images During this lesson you will learn how to correct color images by histogram, binarize a color image and correct binarization results. Correcting a color image by histogram Using correction by histogram you can tune the image brightness, hue and contrast. You can apply automatic correction by histogram or tune the parameters manually. Choose Open from the File menu. Open the utrecht.dwg file, created during the previous lesson from the Lesson_2-3 folder –or– Open a new AutoCAD document – with the Open command from the rFile menu open the Utrecht.tif document from Lesson_2-3 folder. • Choose Equalize from the Image menu. During this exercise we will use manual correction by histogram. To correct an image manually you need to specify three values: lightest and darkest levels and image gamma (which defines the position of the middle brightness value relative to the current threshold values) – for each channel or for Master channel. • • In the Equalize dialog box choose Master from the Channel list. The lightest level is set using the light , with which you can specify the eyedropper colours to turn white. (click on one of the darkest pixels in the white part of the image). All pixels that are lighter that the specified value, will turn white. • The darkest level is set using the dark eyedropper , with which you can specify the colours to turn black. (click on one of the lightest pixels in the black letters). All pixels that are darker than the specified value will turn black. • Move the middle marker of the Histogram (setting the image gamma) to obtain the best result in the preview window. Moving the middle slider to the left increases the gamma value; the image becomes lighter. Moving the middle slider to the right reduces the gamma value; the image becomes darker. When you achieve a result you are happy with in the Preview window, press the Apply button. • Binarizing a color image Binarization allows you to extract pixels of specified colors (or colors close to them) to a monochrome layer. To do this, you need to specify colors on the original image to transfer to another layer. 13 During this exercise we use binarization to obtain a monochrome layer of roads, which are yellow on this image. • • • • • Choose Binarization from the rImage menu. Choose the binarization method – Range; Open the Range tab in the Binarization dialog. Chose a range method – by HSV and channel – Hue in the corresponding lists of the Range tab. Specify a Layer and its color on which the new monochrome image will be placed. Using one of these eyedroppers specify a range of colors that form the roads; these colors are added to the Colors list. The estimated binarization results are shown in the preview window. INFORMATION: The first eyedropper is used for specifying a color for a specified pixel, the second eyedropper is used for specifying the averaged color of all pixels adjacent to the specified by you; the third eyedropper is used for specifying the averaged color of pixels contained within a polygon defined by you. • • • • • You can delete incorrectly selected colors by pressing the Delete Tune the results using the sliders located in Ranges. You can delete small speckles that appear using the Noise Reduction slider – move it towards the right, and observe the changes in the Preview window. When you achieve satisfactory results in the Preview window, press Apply. You can save the binarization template for future use. To do this, press the Template button, choose Save, and in the Save template File dialog specify a name and location, and then press the Save button. button. Improving the monochrome layer obtained after binarization To improve the monochrome layer obtained after binarization, you can apply some of the WiseImage tools for enhancing monochrome images. Let’s apply the Hole Remover and Smoothing filters to correct text areas. To make this operation easier, turn off the visibility of the AutoCAD layer that contains the color image. Hole Remover 14 • • Choose Hole Remover from the Filters menu. Clear the Auto estimating checkbox, then press the Measure Max Size button and specify the largest hole on the image. Press Apply. Choose Smoothing Filters menu. from the • • • Smoothing Using the sliders – Medianning & Threshold – achieve the best result in the Preview window. Press OK. • Before applying Smoothing Thinning After applying Smoothing If needed, you can apply the Thinning filter to make the obtained roads thinner. • • • Choose Thinning from the Filters menu. Specify Number of Passes = 1. Press OK. View Color Tools demo INFORMATION: For detailed information on these subjects see the following sections of the Quick Start guide: Correction by histogram, Separating color and greyscale images to monochrome layers, Filtering Monochrome Images. 15 Lesson 4. Raster selection To perform operations such as modifying an object’s properties, you first need to select data to apply commands to. During this lesson you will learn how to select raster, vector and hybrid data for further editing. Information When selecting data, you must define these three selection parameters: • Selection type – raster objects or area selection Use object selection, if you want to edit the properties of a selected object or modify it using grips. In all other cases it is better to use area selection. selection mode – add data to selection, remove from selection or single selection selection method • Selection type – raster objects or area selection. Object selection (raster objects with “grips”) Area selection (the result – area selection) • Selection mode – add data to selection, remove from selection, or single selection • • The selection tools are located on the Select and More Select toolbars. On the Select toolbar press the appropriate button to select: On the Select toolbar press the appropriate button to: Add data to selection Remove from selection Single selection (every new selection deselects previously selected data) Deselect all selected raster data • Selection methods Inside window or polygon The result always represents raster area selection Isolated data by picking The result always represents raster area selection Raster (lines, circles) objects arcs, With the Enable Raster Object Producing button pressed, the result represents raster objects with “grips” 16 Raster (lines, circles) objects arcs, With the Disable Raster Object Producing button pressed, the result represents raster area selection Raster segments The result selection always represents raster area Segment – means a raster line of arbitrary shape, limited by intersection points with other raster lines or endpoints. Isolated raster fragments The result always represents raster area selection Raster selection Choose Open from the rFile menu. Open the Selection.cws document from the Lesson_4 folder. To tune the selection parameters, choose Conversion Options from the rConvert menu. Then open the Options tab from the R2V Conversion Options dialog. • Measure the width of a raster line using the Measure Value ruler, located near the Max Width field. Set the value of Max Width slightly greater than the measured width (i.e. if the measurement result is equal to 1.35 – enter 1.5 in the Max.Width field). • • Set the Approximation Accuracy slider to the Low position. Press OK. 17 Select the raster circle by picking. • • Press the Select Raster Object Auto button. The Select Single & Enable Raster Object Production modes are usually used by default – so in this example, you do not need to press the appropriate buttons. Complete the command by pressing Enter and click on the selection – the selected circle will obtain “grips”. • • • • • • Open the AutoCAD Properties toolbar. Change the line width in the Width field. Change the line radius in the Radius field. Change the coordinates of the circle center in the Center X field. Unselect the circle by pressing the Unselect All button on the Select toolbar. Select fragments of the raster line and circle using Forced Selection. • • Press the Select Add button (to add data) Press the Select Raster Line button, and then select several fragments of the raster lines by specifying two points on each line (start & end points). Press the Select Raster Arc, and then select the raster arc by three points (start, middle & end) Complete the command by pressing Enter and click on the selection – the selected objects will obtain “grips”. • • 18 To obtain area selection when selecting the circle, press these buttons on the Select toolbar: • • • • Select Raster Object Auto Disable Raster Object Production Select Single (usually used by default) Specify the circle by clicking it with the cursor. Select the raster dimension lines. • Press the Select Raster Fence button (with object type recognition), and then cross all the raster objects to select. The Select Single with Enable Raster Object Production mode is usually used by default – so in this example, you do not need to press the appropriate buttons. Complete the command by pressing Enter and click on the selection – the selected lines will obtain “grips”. • • NOTE: In the above example, you can modify the properties of objects or apply commands to all selected objects at once. If you want to work with each selected object separately: • • • Open the AutoCAD Options toolbar by choosing Options from the Tools menu Open the WiseImage Pro tab Clear the Selection grouping Additional settings section. checkbox in the Now, you can modify properties and apply commands separately for each object included in the selection. 19 Select raster data with crossing window. • Press the Select Raster Cross Window button (with object type recognition), and specify a window on screen by two points. You can use either Enable Raster Object Production, or Disable Raster Object Production. • TIP: Having selected a group of objects, if you now want to deselect some of them, we recommended you use area selection – press the Disable Raster Object Production button. Select raster objects inside window • Press the Select Raster Inside Window button (with object type recognition), and then specify a window on the screen using two points. You can use either Enable Raster Object Production, or Disable Raster Object Production. You can use either Select Single or Select Add mode. • • Select isolated raster objects (texts) inside window • Press the Select Raster Inside Window (floodfill) button on the More Raster Select toolbar, and then specify a window on the screen using two points. Choose Open from the rFile menu, and load the Selection2.tif file from the Lesson_4 folder: Select raster lines of arbitrary shape by fence • • Press the Select Raster Fence (linefollow) button on the More Raster Select toolbar. As the document now comprises two raster images, the Select Image dialog appears, and you need to specify the image on which to select data. Select the checkbox for Selection2 and press OK. 20 • • Cross the curves to select with a fence. Complete the command by pressing Enter. TIP: If you want to add other segments of the polyline to the selection, press the Select Add button on the Select toolbar, and repeat the selection process. TIP: If you want make the selection faster – delete coordinate lines first and then repeat the selection process. View Raster Selection demo INFORMATION: For more detailed information on this subject see the section Raster Selections of the Quick Start guide. 21 Lesson 5. Editing Raster Images During this lesson you will learn about the different methods of editing raster images within WiseImage. We also take a look at using the Tracing operation as a means of editing a raster image. Let’s look at this example of modifying a section of the raster image. Before editing the raster image After editing the raster image Editing raster objects Choose Open from the File menu. Open the Image.dwg file from the Lesson_5 folder. • Select the raster circle. Complete the command by pressing Enter and clicking on the selection – the selected circle will obtain “grips”. Open the Properties dialog Properties from the Tools menu) (choose • In the corresponding fields of the Properties dialog: Change the radius from 9.16 to 7 mm. Change the line width to 0.6 mm. 22 • • Select the line and move it to the new position, as shown. Do the same for the second line, so that it touches the opposite side of the circle. When executing these operations you can use the snap on demand function to snap to the raster objects. INFORMATION: To turn on running snap (to snap to raster): • From the rImage menu, choose Snap and then Raster Snap On; select Running Snap in the Object Snap tab of the Drafting Settings dialog of AutoCAD Simultaneously press Ctrl and the right mouse button, and choose Raster Snap from the list. To turn on snap on demand to the raster: • • Select the arc, using forced selection of arc by three points. Move and stretch it by grips. • Select the next line and move it, as shown. 23 • Select the highlighted lines one by one and, using the grips, stretch them to the circle edge. Using tracing for editing Method 1 As a result of the modifications to the circle & surrounding lines, the hatch needs repair. To correct the hatch you can trace it in Smooth Raster mode. • Open the Raster To Vector toolbar, press the Trace hatch and Smooth Raster buttons. Cross the hatch lines by fence. Click to complete the operation. Before tracing After tracing • 24 Method 2 If you want to control the properties of a traced hatch you can use: • Make Vector and Erase Raster mode. Press the Trace hatch and Make Vector and Erase Raster buttons on the Raster To Vector toolbar. Now cross the hatch by fence again. You can select the vector hatch, and then edit it using AutoCAD’s Properties dialog. • If needed, you can rasterize the edited vector hatch. Rasterizing vector objects To rasterize vector objects: • • Choose V2R Options from the rConvert menu. Choose the color of your on screen vectors from the list, and in the Line Width box assign a width for the line when converted to raster. Press OK. Choose the vector hatch. Choose Vector to Raster from the rConvert menu. View Edit Raster demo • • • INFORMATION: For detailed information on these subjects see the following sections of the Quick Start guide: Editing data selected with object selection methods, Raster snap, Tracing, and Rasterizing Vector Data. 25 Lesson 6. Editing raster data using AutoCAD commands During this lesson you will learn how to use AutoCAD commands to edit raster data. Choose Open from the File menu. Open the Raster_Edit.dwg document from the Lesson_6 folder. Select the object as shown in the picture using the inside window tool. • • Open the Raster Select toolbar. Press the buttons Select Raster Inside Window (object type recognition) and Select Add. Outline the object with a rectangle as shown in the picture. • TIP: When performing the commands described below you can use running snap or Snap on demand. See page 23 for information. TIP: After performing each command described below return the document to the initial state using the UNDO command of AutoCAD. Move the Raster data • • • • • Open the Modify toolbar of AutoCAD, and then choose Move. Select the object to move – click on the frame of the selected detail. Specify the base point of displacement. Specify the second point of displacement. To deselect press the Unselect all Raster Select toolbar. button on the 26 Mirror the Raster data • • • • • Select the raster detail as described above. Press the Mirror toolbar. button on the AutoCAD’s Modify Select the object to Mirror – click on the frame of the selected detail. Specify two points of the mirror line. Specify whether the source object should be kept or deleted. To deselect, press the Unselect all Raster Select toolbar. button on the • Copy the Raster data • • • • Select the raster detail as described above. Press the Copy button toolbar of AutoCAD. on the Modify Specify the base point of displacement (you may choose multiple points). Specify the second point of displacement. To deselect the initial selected object, press the Unselect all button toolbar. on the Raster Select To merge the objects created by copying – select them, click on their frame(s), and then run Merge from the rImage menu. 27 Rotate the Raster data • Select the raster detail as described above. Press the Rotate button on the Modify toolbar of AutoCAD. Specify the base point. Specify the rotation angle equal to 900 Move the selection to a new position. • • • • To deselect the original object, press the Unselect all button on the toolbar. Raster Select Create an array of the Raster data • Select the raster detail as described above. button on the Press the Array Modify toolbar of AutoCAD. Define the array type – rectangular or polar. Set the other characteristics of the array by following the AutoCAD command line. on the Raster Select toolbar. • • • To deselect the initial object, press the Unselect all button To merge the objects created by copying – select them, then click on their frame(s), and then run Merge from the rImage menu. Stretch the Raster data 28 • Select the three raster lines indicated in the first picture. Press the Select Raster Object Auto button, in Select Add mode, and specify the lines on the screen one by one. Press the Stretch button on the Modify toolbar of AutoCAD. • • • • Select the objects to stretch by AutoCAD Crossing Window, as shown in picture 2 (the outermost points of the diagonal lines should be located outside the rectangle). Specify the base point of displacement. Specify the second point of displacement. on the Raster Select toolbar. To deselect the original object, press the Unselect all button View AutoCAD Edit demo 29 Lesson 7. Tracing During this lesson you will learn about tracing modes and commands, how to use the Trace operation for editing raster images and tracing raster symbols and scanned color images. Create a new AutoCAD drawing. Using the Open command from the rFile menu load the Trace_1.tif document from the Lesson_7 folder. Tracing lines, arcs, circles and hatches Let’s use Image 1 to try out tracing of raster lines, circles and hatches. Before tracing you need to tune the tracing parameters. Choose Conversion Options from the Convert menu. Define Max.Width. Using the Measure Value button measure the width of the widest trace line. Set this parameter value slightly greater than the measured width (e.g. if the measured width is 1.35, increase this value to 1.5 in the Max.Width field). Set the Accuracy slider to Low. Set orthogonalization mode for vector lines – select the Orthogonalization checkbox, and in the Base Angle field specify 00. Set separation of vector objects by color and width – for example, thin raster lines are to be traced with red vector lines with a width of – 0.5mm, and thick raster lines – with blue vector lines with a width of – 1mm. INFORMATION: To implement such separation you need to know raster lines widths – you can measure them using the above mentioned Measure button. In this example, the width of thin lines is equal to 0.25mm, thick lines – 1.35mm. Open the Separate tab. In the End field you see a value of 1.5 – i.e. the maximum width of raster lines, specified by you in the Max.Width field of the Options field. Divide this interval into two, for example, from 0 to 1mm, and from 1mm to 1.5mm. To do this, enter ‘1’ in the text field, and button. The press the New Interval original interval will be separated into two new intervals. In the Width field specify the width for the vector objects created from tracing raster lines whose widths belong to the interval, limited by the values in the Start and End fields. Specify the width for vector objects equal to 0.5 for the first interval, and 1 for the second. In the Color field, redefine the color of resulting vector objects: red – for the first interval, blue – for the second. 30 Open the Raster To Vector toolbar. Choose the tracing mode – Make Vector and Erase Raster by pressing the Make Vector and Erase Raster button. You can trace the centerlines with automatic definition of the object type – press the button, and then specify with the Trace Auto cursor the centerlines one by one. To trace the hatch press the Trace Hatch button, and then cross all hatch lines by fence. Change the tracing mode – press the Make Vector and Keep Raster button. button, and then specify with Press the Trace Auto the cursor the smaller circle, and the two remaining raster lines inside the circle. It is better to trace the two large circles using the Forced circle trace method – press the Trace Circle button, and then specify two opposite points on the first circle and then do the same for the second circle. View Tracing demo 31 Tracing polylines Create a new AutoCAD drawing. Using the Open command from the rFile menu, load the Trace_2.tif document from the Lesson_7 folder. Before tracing you need to tune the tracing parameters. Choose Conversion Options from the rConvert menu. Open the Options tab. Define the Max.Width setting. Using the Measure button, measure the width of the thickest polyline. Set the value of this parameter slightly greater than the measured width (e.g. if the measured width is 0.59 – specify 0.8 in the Max.Width field). Set the Accuracy slider to the High position. With this set to high, the vector polyline will match the raster curve as close as possible. INFORMATION: You can place objects obtained as a result of tracing on a pre-defined layer (using AutoCAD tools). Create a new AutoCAD layer – Polylines, for example. Open the Separate tab, and then choose Polylines. You can also specify a color for vector objects in the Color field and a width in the Width field. Select the Use Table checkbox. To estimate the tracing direction automatically, select the Auto Detect Direction checkbox in the Trace tab, and a waiting time in the Pause field. Open the Raster To Vector toolbar. Choose a tracing mode – for example, Make Vector and Keep Raster by pressing the Make Vector and Keep Raster button, and a tracing command – Line Following. 32 Specify a point on the raster curve– the program tracks this curve up to the nearest intersection with another raster line, and then indicates by a cross the most probable tracing direction. If you are happy with the offered direction, press the Space key (alternatively, the program will continue tracing after the pause expires). If you are not happy with the direction suggested by the program, specify the right direction on the screen. To change the tracing direction, cancel the last step or segment, draw a freehand polyline segment or pan to the center – use the right-button menu or the AutoCAD command line. Tracing polylines with orthogonal segments If you want to obtain a polyline with orthogonal segments: • • Open the Trace tab of R2V Conversion Options dialog. the Select the Line Follow Orthogonalization and Auto estimate base angle checkboxes. See page 30 for information on tuning the other tracing parameters. • Open the Raster To Vector toolbar. Choose the tracing mode – for example, Make Vector and Keep Raster by pressing the Make Vector and Keep Raster button, and the tracing command– Line Following. Specify points on the raster objects, which you want to convert to vector polylines with orthogonal segments. 33 Tracing raster outlines Let’s study how we trace raster outlines, using Image 3 of the Trace.cws file from the Lesson 7 folder. Before tracing outlines you need to tune the tracing parameters. Choose Conversion Options from the Convert menu. • • Open the Trace tab of R2V Conversion Options dialog. the As we are going to trace contours with orthogonal segments, select the Line Follow Orthogonalization and Auto estimate base angle checkboxes. Select the Auto Extend Vectors checkbox – the program will consider the width of the raster line that limits the contour. Select the Export single contour checkbox – the program will ignore the contents of the closed contour. • • • • Open the Options tab of R2V Conversion Options dialog. the Set the Max Break value equal to 0 mm to prevent incorrect definition of the contour border in cases where objects inside the contour are located closely to its border. Set the Approximation Accuracy slider closer to the Low position to prevent the program from creating segments by mistake due to the variable line width. • • Open the Raster To Vector toolbar. Choose a tracing mode – for example, Make Vector and Keep Raster by pressing the Make Vector and Keep Raster button, and the tracing command – Trace Outline. 34 Click one by one the points inside the raster contours, as shown. View Tracing Polylines demo Tracing raster symbols Using the Open command from the File menu load the AutoCAD Trace_3.dwg document from the Lesson_7 folder. Raster symbols are recognized in accordance with patterns stored in special template libraries. To recognise a raster symbol, you need to create the corresponding vector template. This can be done using vectorization, tracing, or simply by drawing vector objects over the raster symbol In this example, vector templates have already been created with automatic vectorization. Vector objects are grouped in blocks. Training the program to recognize symbols Select the first vector block. • • • • Run the Train Symbol command from the rConvert menu. Press the Create Symbol from selection button – the new symbol will appear in the Train Symbol dialog. Press the Save As button of the Train Symbol dialog. Save the template with the name – tech_1. INFORMATION: By default, templates are stored in the Shapes folder. To save new symbols, you can create a new subfolder with the name – Technology, for example. 35 • • • • Choose Create in the AutoCAD command line (do not close the Train Symbol dialog) Select the next vector symbol. Press Enter to complete the selection command – the second selected symbol will appear in the Train Symbol dialog. INPORTANT: Specify the connection lines for this symbol using . (Connection lines are the the Select connection lines button lines of variable length, with which a symbol is connected to other objects). • • • • Press the Save As button of the Train Symbol dialog. Save the template with the name – tech_2. Repeat the same actions to train the program to recognize all other vector blocks, assigning them the names tech_3, tech_4. Remember to specify any connection lines! Close the Train Symbol dialog. Tuning tracing parameters & tracing Choose Conversion Options from the rConvert menu. • • • In the Recognition tab of the R2V Conversion Options dialog select the checkbox next to Symbols. Open the Symbols tab Conversion Options dialog. of the R2V Select the checkbox next to the newly created group of symbols – Technology, or for each individual symbol which is presented in the scheme. Choose Strategy – Standard. Set the Accuracy slider to the Low position. Select the Fixed Scale checkbox; set the scale equal to 1. Choose the orientation – Horizontal and Vertical. Press OK. Open the Raster To Vector toolbar. Choose a tracing mode – for example, Make Vector and Keep Raster by pressing the button Make Vector and Keep Raster, and the tracing command – Trace Symbol. • • • • • • • 36 • Click once on each unit in the raster image. Try to click on the central point of each raster element. Tracing color raster images Tracing raster polylines on a color image Create a new AutoCAD drawing. Using the Open command from the rFile menu, load the Trace_color.tif document from the Lesson_7 folder. Before tracing a polyline you need to tune the tracing parameters. Choose Conversion Options from the rConvert menu. See page 32 for information on tuning the parameters for tracing polylines. However there are some differences when tracing color polylines: • The Max.Width setting should be measured exactly on the color boundary of a raster polyline. Set the value of this parameter slightly greater than the measured width (i.e. if the measured width is 0.24 – enter 0.4 in the Max.Width field). In the Separate tab, enter 0.2 in the Width field, and select the checkboxes against the Width and Use Table fields. • • Open the Raster To Vector toolbar. Choose a tracing mode – for example, Make Vector and Keep Raster by pressing the Make Vector and Keep Raster button, and the tracing command – Line Following. Tracing polylines on a color image is the same as tracing polylines on a monochrome image; See page 33 for more information. INFORMATION: For detailed information on tracing see the Tracing section in the Quick Start guide and also the corresponding sections of the User’s Guide. 37 Lesson 8. Automatic Vectorization During this lesson you will learn how to tune vectorization and text recognition parameters, to vectorize raster images according to these parameters, and correct vectorization results. Tuning vectorization Create a new AutoCAD drawing. Using the Open command from the rFile menu open the Mech.tif file from the Lesson_8 folder. You can use one of the pre-defined templates or tune the parameters yourself. During this lesson you’ll tune the parameters yourself. Automatic vectorization is tuned in the R2VConversion Options dialog. To open this dialog, choose Conversion Options from the rConvert menu. When tuning vectorization you need to specify the following parameters: 1. The types of raster entities to recognize. 2. The image geometry. 3. Whether you want to separate vectors onto different layers. 4. Text recognition parameters (if you use the OCR module – set word patterns for text recognition). How to specify the types of entities to recognize • • Open the Recognition tab of the R2V Convertion Options dialog. Select the entities, which you want to obtain after vectorization of the loaded image – to do this, select the corresponding checkboxes. The additional parameters for recognized objects, such as line type, arrows, hatch angle, and others are located on the second level. Click on “+” to get access to these parameters. Specify the following types of entities to recognize on the image – Sample1.tif: Lines – Line types & Arrows (as there are different line types and dimension lines with arrows in this image). Arcs & Circles – Arrows (as there are dimension arcs with arrows in this image). Test Areas – OCR (as we intend to recognize texts using the OCR module). Hatches – 45º (as there are hatches with an angle of 45º in this image). Setting the geometry of the image • • Open the Options tab of the R2V Conversion Options dialog. Using the appropriate Measure buttons, specify: 38 Min Length – the minimum length of a raster object to be recognized. Max Width – the maximum width of raster lines. Set the value of this parameter slightly greater than the measured line width on your drawing. Max Break – the maximum length of break in a raster line to be ignored. Set the value of this parameter slightly greater than the distance between dashes in dashed lines. Text Height – Set the value for this parameter equal to the maximum height of upper case raster text symbols. Arrow size – the size of dimension arrows in your image. Outline an arrow of average size with a rectangle, as shown in the figure. • • Move the Accuracy slider to the Low position. This makes the vectorization procedure less sensitive to the drawing errors. To make the lines orthogonal, select the Orthogonalization checkbox and set the value of Base Angle to 0°. The appearance of the Options tab after tuning is complete. 39 Separating vector objects by width to different layers and colors The criterion for separating vector objects to different layers and/or colors is the width of the original raster lines. You can define widths of the resulting vector objects and separate them to different layers and/or colors. Let’s separate the resulting vector objects by width to different colors: Specify a width of 0.5mm and the color red for vector objects produced from vectorizing raster lines whose width is less than 0.8mm. Specify a width of 1mm and the color blue for vector objects produced from vectorizing raster lines whose width is more than 0.8mm. • • • Open the Separate tab of the R2V Conversion Options dialog. Select the Use Table checkbox. Add a new separation interval by entering 0.8 in the New Interval field and pressing the • button. Set the parameters for each interval: In the Width field, enter a width of 0.5 for thin lines; and 1 for the thick lines; In the Color field, select red for thin lines and blue for thick lines. Select the checkboxes for each interval. Tuning text recognition • WiseImage features various ways of handling raster texts – you can use either the built-in or external OCR modules, recognize raster text areas, or replace raster text with vector polylines and outlines. In this example you will learn how to use the built-in OCR for recognizing text and creating the corresponding text objects. • • • • • In the Recognition tab, we have already selected the Text Areas checkbox and recognition method – OCR, and in the Options tab, we have specified Text Height. Open the Texts tab of the R2V Conversion Options dialog. In the Orientation field choose Horizontal and Vertical from the list. Select the Standalone Letters checkbox, as they are presented in this example. Set patterns for recognizing text inscriptions, which are presented in the drawing: Pattern Text Pattern Text %D %D%1S 2x%2D%1S 2x%D %1E %1S%D M%2D %E 40 • Enter the patterns one by one in the Patterns button field, and press the Add Pattern after each one. To help you, standard patterns can be selected from the right-button menu. If you enter a pattern incorrectly, choose it from the list, and then press the Delete Pattern button. • Select the Patterns checkbox to use the specified patterns when recognizing text. If you want to define the height for recognized texts (e.g. 6mm) enter this value in the Height Table field and select the corresponding checkbox. Choose default.ocr from the Template File list. Select a special layer for recognized texts (e.g., Texts) in the Place to Layer field. Press OK to save the vectorization settings Saving vectorization settings for future use If you want to save the settings for future use press the Template button and choose Save. Specify a name for a template file in the File Name field of the Save Template File dialog. To load a previously saved template file, press the Template button, choose Load and specify a file to open. • • • • Running Vectorization To run vectorization, choose Raster 2 Vector from the Convert menu. Original raster drawing Vectorization result 41 Correcting vectorization results Correcting recognized texts To correct recognized text: • • Choose OCR Text Corrector from the Convert menu. The first recognized text is displayed on screen. Check it and correct it in the OCR Text Corrector dialog, if necessary. Use the four buttons located on the left of the dialog to move between the recognized texts. • • • To change the text height and to correct its position, use the Height buttons. To accept the corrected text and move to the next one, press the Accept To delete the recognized text, press the Delete button. and Move button. • When you have finished checking all texts, the following message will be displayed in the AutoCAD command line: ’No more objects to correct. Command completed’. View Auto Vectorization demo 42 Lesson 9. Symbol Recognition in Automatic Vectorization During this lesson you will learn how to train WiseImage to recognize raster symbols when vectorizing. Choose Open from the File menu, and then open the Symbols.dwg file from the Lesson_9 folder. Our task is to recognize units of the electric scheme when vectorizing – replacing them with the corresponding vector blocks. You need to train the program to recognize raster symbols. Training to recognize symbols To recognise a raster symbol, you need to create a corresponding vector template. In this example we are going to use the existing vector blocks contained within the document as vector templates. • • • • Select the first vector block. Run the Train Symbol command from the rConvert menu. – the Press the Create Symbol from selection button selected vector symbol will appear in the Train Symbol dialog. IMPORTANT: Specify the connection lines for the symbol using . (Connection lines are the the Select connection lines button lines of variable length, with which a symbol is connected to other objects). • • Press the Save As button of the Train Symbol dialog. Save the template with the name elec_1. INFORMATION: By default templates are stored in the Shapes folder, located in the program directory. To save new symbols you can create a new sub-folder with the name, ‘Electr’ for example. Choose Create in the AutoCAD command line (do not close the Train Symbol dialog). Select the next vector symbol. Press Enter to complete the selection – the second selected block will appear in the Train Symbol dialog. Repeat this procedure for all symbols contained in the document with the names - elec_2, elec_3, elec_4, elec_5, elec_6, and elec_7. Close the Train Symbol dialog. • • • • • Tuning vectorization parameters Choose Conversion Options from the rConvert menu. Note that the vectorization parameters are already stored in the Symbols.dwg document file. So, in this example we are only going to tune the symbol recognition. To turn on symbol recognition, do the following: 43 • • • In the Recognition tab of the R2V Conversion Options dialog select the Symbols checkbox. Open the Symbols tab of the R2V Conversion Options dialog. Select the checkbox for the newly created group of symbols Electr, or for each individual symbol whose raster representation is present on the image. Set Strategy – Smart Set the Accuracy slider to the Low position. Select Fixed Scale, and set the scale equal to 1. In the Orientation field, Horizontal and Vertical. Press OK. specify • • • • • Running vectorization To run vectorization, choose Raster To Vector from the rConvert menu. Original raster drawing View Symbol Vectorization demo Result of vectorization with symbol recognition INFORMATION For detailed information on these subjects see the section Working with raster symbols in the Quick Start guide, and also the corresponding section of the User’s Guide. 44 Lesson 10. Search and Replace During this lesson you will learn how to search for raster objects and replace them with other raster and vector objects. You will also learn how to search for vector objects and replace them with other vector objects. How to search for vector objects and replace them with other vector objects Choose the Open command from the File menu, and open the Search_Replace_V_V.dwg file from the Lesson_10 folder. Our task is to vectorize this image, and then replace the specified vector objects with different ones. Convert the raster image to the vector format using the vectorization procedure. This document already contains pre-defined vectorization parameters, so all you need to do is choose Raster To Vector from the rConvert menu. Vectorised raster image fragment . • • Choose Search and Replace from the rEdit menu. From the Find What list of the Search and Replace dialog, choose Vectors. Select the vector objects you want to replace (using the AutoCAD selection tool – inside window). Press Enter when the selection is complete. If required, specify a new position of the Item Origin – or – press Enter Draw a vector symbol for replacement. • • • INFORMATION: During the search and replace process WiseImage matches the origins of the replacing object and the replaced object. You can specify any position for the origin of the replaced and/or replacing objects. • • • The selected objects will appear in the Find What field of the Search and Replace dialog. From the Replace With list of the Search and Replace dialog, choose Vectors. Select an object, with which you want to replace the original object (using the AutoCAD selection tools – specify the previously created rectangle). Press Enter to complete the selection. If required, – or – press Enter specify a new position for the Item Origin. • • 45 • • • • The selected objects will appear in the Replace With field of the Search and Replace dialog. Select the Erase checkbox– to erase the original vector objects. Set the Accuracy slider to the middle position. Press the Replace All button. After vectorizing raster image After search and replace How to search for raster objects and replace them with vector objects Choose Open from the File menu, and open the Search_Replace_R_V. dwg Lesson_10 folder. Our task is to replace specified raster objects with vector objects. In the top-left corner the search and replace objects are shown. • Select the raster object, which you want to replace. Use one of the WiseImage raster selection tools – We suggest using the , located on the Raster Select toolbar. Select Raster FloodFill button Click once anywhere on the object you want to replace. • • • • Choose Search and Replace from the rEdit menu. From the Find What list of the Search and Replace dialog, choose Raster Selection. If required, specify a new position for Item Origin – or – press Enter. The selected raster object will appear in the Find What field of the Search and Replace dialog. file from the 46 • • • • • From the Replace With list of the Search and Replace dialog, choose Vectors. Select the vector object, with which you want to replace the original raster object (use the AutoCAD selection tools to select the block). Press Enter to complete the selection. If required, specify a new position for the Item Origin – or – press Enter. The selected vector object will appear in the Replace With field of the Search and Replace dialog. • • • Select the Erase checkbox– to erase the original objects. Set the Accuracy slider to the middle position. If there is any raster selected in the document, press the Unselect All button Raster Select toolbar. , located on the • Press Find – the program zooms to the first symbol it finds to replace. If necessary you can move the replacing object (using the Move button (using the Scale button ), change its scale ) or rotate it by an ). – the arbitrary angle (using the Rotate button • object, press the Replace button program will move to the next symbol. • press the Replace All button . If you are happy with the position of the replacing If you want to replace all objects without editing Original raster image After search and replace INFORMATION: For detailed information on this subject, see the Search and Replace section of the Quick Start guide, and also the corresponding section of the User’s Guide. 47