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Bangalore International Airport
High Speed Rail Link
Analysis and Audit of the report of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation LTD (DMRC)
erarbeitet durch Arendt Consulting, Binningen
im Auftrag von Basler&Hofmann, Esslingen
Contents Page 5.6. Accessibility of the High Speed Rail link 14
Part A A6. Critical Comments 15
6.1. Land Use 15
Analysis of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation LTD
6.2. Traffic Demand 15
(DMRC) report
6.3. Transport System 15
A1. Introduction 4 6.4. Operational aspects 16
1.1. New High Speed Rail Link 4
1.2. Different goals BIAL DMRC 4
1.3. Approach 4
1.4. Main goals to the new transport System for BIAL 5
A2. Land Use development 6
2.1. Population Growth 6
2.2. Vehicle Growth 6
2.3. Land Use 6
A3. Traffic Demand 8
3.1. Air Traffic at Bangalore Airport 8
3.2. Results of Surveys 8
A4. Transport System 11
4.1. Existing Problems on Transport Networks of
Bangalore (Road and Rail) 11
4.2. High Speed Rail Connection (DMRC) 11
4.3. Development of Transport Systems at Bangalore 12
A5. Operational Aspects at High Speed Rail Link 13
5.1. Operation Philosophy 13
5.2. Stations 13
5.3. Train Operation Plan 13
5.4. Passenger Carrying Capacity and Comfort 13
5.5. Fare System 14
I
List of abbreviations
BIAL Bangalore International Airport Ltd.
BMA Bangalore Metropolitan Agglomeration
BWSSB Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board
FSI Floor Space Index
ISP Internet Solution Provider
KPTCL Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited
MLD Million Litres per Day
PAX Airport Passengers
SBR Sequential Batch Reactor
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
TCE TATA Consulting Engineers
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
Distribution list:
Bangalore International Airport Ltd. (BIAL)
Date 30.03.2008
Arendt Consulting
Basler & Hofmann
Binningen: Hasenrainstrasse 65, CH-4102 Binningen
Tel. 061 301 96 20, arendt@arendt.ch
Esslingen: Bachweg 1, CH-8133 Esslingen
Tel. 044 387 15 22, Fax 044 387 15 00
II
Part A
Analysis and Audit of the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation LTD (DMRC) report
“High Speed Rail Link to the New Interna-
tional Airport at Bangalore (Devanahalli)”
III
A1. Introduction and goals of BIAL and where this is not the
case.
1.1. New High Speed Rail Link 1.2. Different goals BIAL DMRC The analysis of the DMRC report is divided into
The new Bangalore Airport is located in Deva- Bangalore International Airport Ltd (BIAL), the the following four main parts (Fig 2):
nahalli, which is 34 km from the city. It will take private Indian airport operator and the Delhi
all the commercial flights (domestic and interna- Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (DMRC) made stud- Land Use,
tional) that are currently operating out of the ies about the feasibility of a high speed connec- Traffic Demand
HAL Airport. tion to the new airport.
The two companies follow
The New Airport was planned to handle 50 mil- not the same goals and
lion passengers in the year 2026 (source made different assump-
DMRC, BIAL 2005). tions about traffic forecast
and the behaviour of peo-
This new situation will fundamentally change the ple using the planned high
traffic flows from and to the new airport com- speed connection.
pared to the existing one.
1.3. Approach
Beside this, the volume of traffic at Bangalore The 300 pages report of
continues to grow at an annual rate of between DMRC “High-speed Rail
7-10%. But the transport infrastructure cannot Link to the New Interna-
follow that speed of traffic demand. Because the tional Airport at Bangalore
capacity of the road network is limited the jour- (Devanahalli)” is analyzed
ney to the airport will take more than an hour. with regard to the goals of
Today there is no public mass transport system, BIAL. Critical questions
like a metro or a high-speed railway. have to be asked and the
differences between the
To improve the accessibility of the new airport a assumptions should be
high speed rail link from Bangalore City to the identified clearly. The
airport is necessary (Fig. 1). evaluation should show
where the concept of
Fig. 1: High-speed Link Bangalore City to the International Airport Source: DMRC
DMRC can fulfil the need
4
Transport System - passengers to airport city
Railway Stations and operational 1.4. Main goals to the new transport as fast as possible (much faster than
aspects System for BIAL travelling by car):
For BIAL the new transport system should: 3. have maximal comfort for passengers
In every part the key factors and figures from 1. transport 40’000 people to the airport at (clean trains, seats, air conditioning)
the DMRC report are presented and com- peak hour 4. be economically operated with minimal
mented. The remaining questions and com- 2. transport people with the following operation costs
ments for the complete understanding are listed priority 5. be financed with a Build Operate and
and commented in the last chapter. - air passengers Transfer model (BOT).
- ground staff of the airport With the BOT model the three partners
Government of India, Government of
Transport Operation. aspects Karnataka and BIAL come together and
Land Use Traffic Demand float a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)
System Railway stations
named like Bangalore Airport Rail Cor-
poration who will own the rail link and
• residents •origin-destination trips • road network • accessibility of the administer the concession agreement.
new roads and stations
• workplaces • modal-split Highways?
which assumptions? •Transport of people
• spatial planning • travel time with car
•variables used for the • baggage transport
• mobility tools trip forecast • capacity of rail
system • transportation service
• occupancy of cars • car increase
• connection to the • circulation areas
• income • value of time: assump. urban public transport
interview design? network
• trip rate
• fare-system • graphical timetable
(acceleration, etc.)
• transport of goods, every 3 min a train
volume
Fig 2: Overview of the DMRC report analysis
5
A2. Land Use development Planning Authority with the proposed land use
around the international airport and along the
2.1. Population Growth highway 7 that leads to the airport. It’s as-
The supposed growth of population of the Ban- sumed, that people working at the airport with
galore City is given in Fig. 3 low income, and so cannot afford the daily trip
to the airport, take up residence around the
15
Population in
10 m illions
5
Fig. 5: Growth of Motor Vehicles in Bangalore (in lakh)
(Source: RITES Ltd.)
0
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
2.3. Land Use
Fig. 3: Population Growth (Source: DMRC)
The DMRC report gives no information about
land use development and assumptions about
spatial planning.
2.2. Vehicle Growth
The main modes of transport in the city of Ban-
galore are two-wheelers. There was a 10-fold
increase in the number of vehicles in the last 20 airport and along the highway 7.
Fig. 6 shows the proposed Land Use for Banga-
years.
lore Metropolitan Area according to the report of
RITES Ltd “Comprehensive Traffic and Trans-
3
Total in m illion Fig. 6: Proposed Land Use for Bangalore, Source: RITES
portation Plan for Bangalore”. The yellow areas
2.5
2 w heelers in are the residential zones. The violet zones are
2
m illion areas with high tech workplaces that lay mostly This Land use planning has also consequences
1.5
in the south east of Bangalore and should have on the traffic situation. The more people live
1
a direct high-speed rail link to the new airport. around the airport, the less people will us the
0.5
new high speed rail link. That could worsen the
0
1976 1986 1996 2006 Fig. 7 shows the development plan until 2021 economic situation of the rail link.
from the Bangalore International Airport Area
Fig. 4: Growth of number of vehicles
6
Fig. 7: Development area around the Bangalore International Airport Soeurce: http://www.biaapa.in
7
A3. Traffic Demand Table 1: Ridership Forecast for passengers and airport employees per day Source: DMRC
3.1. Air Traffic at Bangalore Airport Disem
Emp Emp Aero city Aero city
Year bar- Visitors Embarking Visitors In Out
Arrivals Departure Arrival Depart
king
Scenario Passengers Cargo
(Million per annum) (MT Per annum) 2011 11,450 4,294 10,024 3,759 2,635 2,635 2,977 2,977 21,357 19,396
2006/07 7.9 180,574
2007/08 9.8 223,448 2016 17,236 6,464 15,279 5,730 4,244 4,244 4,466 4,466 32,410 29,719
2008/09 12.3 276,542
2009/10 14.9 342,301 2021 26,958 10,109 24,408 9,153 6,835 6,835 6,699 6699 50,601 47,095
2010/11 17.2 420,010
2026 43,160 16,185 38,084 14,282 11,009 11,009 10,048 10,048 80,402 73,423
2011/12 19.3 491,849
2016/17 30.0 838,244
2021/22 40.1 1,069,836
2026/27 50.2 1,365,412
Table 2: Per hour Ridership Forecast to the International Airport Source: DMRC
Fig. 8: Projected Passenger Traffic at Bangalore Airport Year Passengers Visitors Employees Aero city Projected Total Designed
Source: DMRC (BIAL 2005) PHPDT PHPDT
The table shows, that until the year 2027 the air 2011 954 477 878 992 3302 2526
travel demand increases more than 600%. 2016 1436 718 1415 1474 5043 3158
2021 2247 1123 2278 2211 7859 4210
Projected ridership per day (New Airport)
2026 3597 1798 3670 3316 12381 11500
The ridership forcast to and from the Interna-
tional Airport per day and per hour are given in
Table 1 and Table 2.
3.2. Results of Surveys
a) Journey Speed b) Purpose of Journey
A number of surveys were carried out like:
The journey speed on the Roads varies from 10 Road users were questioned and it was found
Traffic Volume Counts
Kmph to max. 36 Kmph at peak hours. The that 76% of the road users’ purpose of journey
Speed and Delay Surveys
average delay per km of travel is 26.8 seconds was work related, 23% for other purposes, and
Origin & Destination Surveys
and the average delay per minute of travel is 9.9 only 1% for Tourism.
Opinion Surveys
seconds.
8
c) Occupancy Rate e) Baggage Carried by passengers g) Travel Time to reach the HAL Airport
Today on average there are 2.58 persons in one 33% of the total passengers interviewed carry The study of travel time of the airport users’ trips
car and 1.40 persons on Two Wheelers. Single baggage only, while 16% carry a Single to and from the airport shows that a maximum
Hand Baggage 32% carries 2 pieces of bag- number of passengers (38%) take 30-45 min-
gage and only 2% carry more than 2 pieces of utes to reach the airport, 25% take 40 – 60 min-
d) Origin-Destination survey baggage to HAL airport. utes, and only 9% take more than 60 minutes to
The 10 most prominent trips to the HAL Airport reach the airport. Since the Airport is located at
are mapped and presented in Fig. 9 in percent- f) Distribution of Trips by Mode of Travel the centre of the city, the average travel time
age for various origins. It can be seen that the About 32% passengers travel to the airport by does not exceed 30-45 minutes.
most trips to the Airport are from the Information Auto rickshaws, 30% by taxi and 13% by Self
Technology related areas. driven cars. About 29% of the employees travel h) Willingness to shift to proposed High
to the airport by Auto rickshaws, 10% by taxis Speed Rail Link System
and 49% by other modes of travel. The table shown below shows the Willingness
of airport Passengers & workers to shift to High
Speed Rail Link System. According to this sur-
vey it can be observed that a large number of
Passengers & workers are ready to move to the
proposed system.
Tabelle 3: Preferred mode of travel to the New Airport
Source: DMRC
Employees Passengers
(%) (%)
Self Driven Car 9 3
Chauffeur Driven Cars 3 1
Office Transport 10 8
Taxi 70 5
Rickshaws 3 1
Two Wheelers 0 1
High Speed Rail 5 81
Fig. 9 10 most prominent origin-destination trips to the old HAL airport in percentages Source: DMRC
9
i) Willingness to Pay for the High Speed Rail
The survey results showed that about 18% of
the passengers were willing to pay <250, 58%
were willing to pay Rs. 250, 20% were willing to
pay Rs. 300 and 4% were willing to pay >Rs.
300.
As far as the Employees are concerned, 80%
preferred to obtain a separate pass for the high
Speed Rail, while, 16% preferred to pay Rs.
200, and 3% preferred to pay Rs. 225-Rs 250.
10
A4. Transport System sented for the year 2026 when the trips to and
from the airport are expected at the maximum
4.1. Existing Problems on Transport Net- level.
works of Bangalore (Road and Rail) The Rail Link will take 25 minutes to reach the
The strong growth of the population and new New Airport with the facility of Check-In at the
workplaces bring the whole transport infrastruc- Center of the City (Cubbon Road) and at Heb-
ture to the limit of capacity. The consequences bal.
on the Roads are following: 5min
High traffic density (traffic jam)
9 min BI Airport
The overall average traffic speed on
roads is 13.5 km/h 81
2min 12‘3
High share of two wheelers
Yelahanka 17.8 km
The ownership of motorized vehicles is
strongly increasing
5 min
0
The today Public Transport System is too small
‘96
11
and needs to be upgraded substantially. There
6.6 km
is no metro system realised at the time when
the airport will be opened, but planned for a
Hebbal
later date. The Modal Split in favour of public 2min
Transport therefore is declining over the last two
decades and is about 46%.
Parameters Value Dimension
4.2. High Speed Rail Connection (DMRC)
7 min 974 Length 33.3 Km
10‘
8.8 km Travel Time 25.0 Min
The DMRC has planned a High Speed Rail link
Average Speed 80 Km/h
from the City Center to the new International
Maximum Operating Length
Speed 33.3 km
145 Km/h
Airport with double track, one up-line and the
Acceleration 25 Min
Travel Time 1 m/s2
other down-line. Fig. 10 shows the Rail Link with
Cubbon Road 3min Gauge ø Speed: 143580Mmkm/h
the four planned stations and the distance be- Fare from Center to Airport 200 Rs.
tween the stations. The maximal projected link
loadings in one direction for peak hour are pre- Fig. 10: Rail Link to the Airport (concept DMRC) with distances and projected link loads at peak hour for 2026
(only one direction)
11
Train Operation Plan (Year 2026) There are also new roads planned like an outer
ring road around Bangalore City (source
The projected operation plan needs 400 8-car RITES).
trains per direction per day at 2026. That means
every 3 minutes a train. Every train has a pas-
senger capacity of 575 (450 seats)
4.3. Development of Transport Systems at
Bangalore
Beside the high speed rail link to the Airport
there are two metro corridors under implemen-
tation.
Fig 11: Planned Mass Transport Corridors
Source RITES
12
A5. Operational Aspects at on the slack period of aviation activity (1000 hrs
High Speed Rail Link to 1400 hrs). International
Furthermore the following considerations have Airport
5.1. Operation Philosophy been made by DMRC for the train operation
The main features of the operation philosophy plan:
are for DMRC the following: Maximum operational speed of 145
17.8 km
Optimum frequency of train service to kmph
meet capacity during peak hours and Dwell time of 5 minutes each at Cubbon 9 min
during off-peak period. Road Station and Devanahalli Terminal
I und Terminal II fur luggage unloading
5.2. Stations and dwell time of 30 seconds at stations
Four elevated (not underground) stations have Hebbal and Yelahanka. Yelahanka
been planned on the airport rail link. All the sta- Turn round time at terminal stations of 2
tions will be air-conditioned in the passenger minutes. 6.6 km
movement areas including the platforms. 5 min
Baggage check-in facility is being planned at 5.4. Passenger Carrying Capacity and
Cubbon Road Station and Hebbal Station. Arriv- Comfort Hebbal
ing passengers have to collect their baggage at Tab. 4 shows the carrying capacity of various
the airport and board the rail link together with trains according DMRC. The standing capacity
8.8 km
the baggage. has been assumed as 20% of seating capacity.
7 min
5.3. Train Operation Plan Tab. 4: Carrying Capacity of trains [persons]
To meet the projected peak traffic demand of Cubbon Road
Seated Standing Wheel Total
11500 for the year 2026 ( see 4.2) DMRC chair
planned to run trains with composition of 8 cars 3 Car 158 32 3 190
Train
at 3 minutes headway (see Fig. 12).
6 Car 350 71 3 421 Fig. 12: Train Operation Plan
The service will be running for 20 hours of the Train
day. A period of four hours has been kept for 8 Car 478 97 3 575
maintenance of infrastructure and rolling stock. Train
The non operation period will be decided based
13
The trains are equipped with comfortable seats feeder buses and mini buses to come to
with seat back TV for entertainment and flight the stations
information, air conditioning and dedicated
space for handicap and luggage.
5.5. Fare System
There will be introduced an automatic fare col-
lection system with contact-less smart cards.
The proposed fare structure for using the rail
link has been derived from the willingness to
pay survey to use the new rail link and will be as
following:
Cubbon Road – International Airport = Rs. 200
Hebbal – International Airport = Rs. 150
Yelahanka – International Airport = Rs. 100
Monthly or quarterly season tickets will be
priced on the basis of Rs. 50 per journey.
5.6. Accessibility of the High Speed Rail
link
Traffic integration facilities are provided at all
stations keeping in view the ridership pattern
and availability of land. The integration facilities
at rail link stations include
approach road to the stations
circulation facilities
pedestrian ways
adequate parking areas
14
A6. Critical Comments Development of income a fast highway. To check the economic effi-
Opinion about the value of time ciency of the high speed rail link traffic analysis
This chapter indicates the critical points where Price for a season ticket for public should be made with the help of a transport
the DMRC report gives no or insufficient an- Transport (e.g. 50 Rs/day) model. With such a model one can test various
swers to secure the success of the whole pro- Development of trip rate until 2026 (infrastructural and pricing) measurements on
ject. Development of possession of mobility how much they influence the modal split of trips
tools like cars, two wheelers, rickshaws using the high speed rail link, direct busses,
6.1. Land Use Development of car occupancy metro or common public transport to the airport.
The report of DMRC does not clear describe the Development of the additional road and
assumptions and calculations for the presented rail/bus infrastructure 6.3. Transport System
spatial development and traffic forecast such as: Development of the traffic jam The profitability of the proposed rail link to the
Residents etc. airport depends on the fare, the difference to the
Workplaces per segment travel time on the road and the capacity of the
Size of households For these variables in the DMRC report is also public transport feeders to the 3 planned sta-
Possession of vehicles no information available. For that reason a pre- tions.
Induced Land use and spatial develop- cise forecast for who and how many people are The attractiveness of the rail link for travellers
ment around the airport and highway 7 using the new planned high-speed rail link to the will be influenced by the improvements at the
for every local planning areas (zones) of Banga- airport is not possible. Furthermore the asked road network (higher average speed, etc.) at the
lore until 2025/26. willingness to pay for using the high-speed rail public transport system and by the connec-
will changes a lot if the above mentioned vari- tivity/integration into the public transport system
6.2. Traffic Demand ables will change over the time. (feeders) at the three stations of the high speed
The in the DMRC report presented forecast of rail link. The following questions are not clearly
traffic demand is difficult to follow because de- The price for one trip from Cubbon Road to the answered in the DMRC report:
tailed information about the assumptions of New Airport with the High Speed Rail of Rs. Which new highways and roads are
development of land use are missing. But land 200-250 is very high. The average income of all planned in the future at Bangalore?
use is the crucial factor that influences the traffic working people is Rs. 25/h so that the average Which other new public mass transport
volume in the future. user of the high speed rail has to work for ten systems, like metros or direct busses
The future behaviour of passengers using public hours to afford a ticket (for a season ticket: 2h are planned in the future? Headway?
transport (especially the high-speed rail link to working). In such a situation people try to avoid Which are the effects on public traffic
the International Airport) depends on a lot of using the rail link if there are alternatives to get demand with a new metro line that
factors that are changing in the future such as: to the airport like with direct busses, metro or by leads from the north over the centre to
15
the airport of Bangalore instead a rail people at peak hour and whether the as-
link from only the city center to the air- sumed dwell times at the stations are real-
port? istic regarding people behaviour and
Is there enough capacity of the public speed.
transport feeders to the station Cubbon
Road, Hebbal and Yelahanka including 2. Space at circulation areas of the stations
pedestrian flows? at peak hour. Assumptions about the di-
If new roads to the airport: Are people mensioning of platforms, stairs, and areas
willing to pay 200-250 Rs. for every trip are missing. Pedestrian traffic flow at the
or 50 Rs. with a season ticket? interconnection nodes to the stations of
the rail link have to be visualized with feed
6.4. Operational aspects and flow diagrams. E.g. 11’500 persons
The proposed Operation system of DMRC for have to change at city station Cubbon
the high speed rail link to the airport is very am- Road to the new rail link at peak hour (in
bitious. If people pay the high price of Rs. 200 the year 2026).
for a trip to the airport then they want have an
optimal transportation service optimal comfort, 3. In case of a failure on the new rail link
an optimal transportation of their baggage and people have to be transported in busses
no waiting times at the circulation areas at the on the road. But there is traffic jam on the
stations and the airport. road. There is no concept for this situation
With an optimized solution for the mentioned presented.
operational aspects one can increase the ac-
ceptance by the people using the public trans-
port to the airport.
But the following operational aspects are not
deep enough evaluated in the DMRC report:
1. Detailed analysis of travel time with a
graphical timetable at peak hour. It’s im-
portant to know how many seconds it
takes to board/deboard a train with 575
16
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