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Chapter 1
Organization and Resources
Organization and Resources17
Introduction
The statistics shown in this Chapter concern the organization of the central
headquarters (Farnesina) and the overall network abroad (Embassies,
Permanent Missions, Consulates, Special Diplomatic Representations and
Italian Cultural Institutes), as well as the Ministry’s human and financial
resources.
Organization. According to the reform of 2000 the structure of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs consists now of 13 Directorates General, 4 Services and other
articulations dedicated to specific tasks, as seen in the following chart:
17
Organization and Resources
There have been no significant variations in the network abroad, as compared
with the previous year: the number of Embassies (120), Consulates (116) and
Italian Cultural Institutes (89) has remained the same (Fig. 1.1).
Figure 1.1 – Network of Missions abroad (2004)
Italian Cultural
Special
Diplomatic Institutes
Representations (89)
(2)
Consulates
(116)
Embassies
Permanent
(120)
Missions
(11)
As regards the territorial distribution of the Embassies (Fig. 1.2) it can be seen
that 44 (36% of total) are located in Europe, while the remaining 76 (63%) are
distributed almost uniformly among the other four geographical areas (17% in
the Americas, 15% in the Mediterranean and Middle East, 18% in Sub-Saharan
Africa and 14% in Asia and Oceania).
Figure 1.2 – Embassies by geographical area (2004)
Europe the Americas
44 (36%) 21 (17%)
Mediterranean
and Middle
East
Asia and 18 (15%)
Oceania Sub-Saharan
17 (14%) Africa
20 (18%)
18
Organization and Resources
By comparison, the territorial distribution of the Consulates is different
(Fig. 1.3): 60 of them (52% of the total) are located in Europe, 32 (28%) in
the Americas, 12 (10%) in Asia and Oceania area, 8 (7%) in Mediterranean
and Middle East and, finally, 4 (3%) in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Figure 1.3 – Consulates by geographical area (2004)
Europe
60 (52%)
the Americas
32 (28%)
Mediterranean
and Middle East
8 (7%)
Asia and Sub-Saharan
Oceania Africa
12 (10%) 4 (3%)
As regards the Italian Cultural Institutes (Fig. 1.4) it can be seen that 49
(55%) are located in Europe, 19 (21%) in the Americas, 9 in Mediterranean
and Middle East (10%), 3 in Sub-Saharan Africa (3%) and 9 in Asia and
Oceania (10%).
Figure 1.4 – Italian Cultural Institutes by geographical area (2004)
Europe
49 (55%)
the Americas
19 (21%)
Mediterranean
Asia and and Middle East
Oceania Sub-Saharan 9 (10%)
9 (10%) Africa 3 (3%)
19
Organization and Resources
Human resources. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs avails itself of the services
of 8 425 persons, 5 208 of whom are permanent staff, 2 500 non-permanent
staff, and 717 employees from other Administrations. There are 3 048 persons
working in the central headquarter and 5 377 abroad.
Personnel abroad (Fig. 1.5), working in Embassies, Consulates and Permanent
Missions, included locally engaged staff, are located 47% in Europe, 22% in
the Americas, 11% in Asia and Oceania, 11% in Mediterranean and Middle East
and 9% in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Figure 1.5 – Total staff abroad by geographical area (2004)
Europe the Americas
2 542 (47%) 1 177 (22%)
Mediterranean
and Middle East
581 (11%)
Asia and Sub-Saharan
Oceania Africa
606 (11%) 477 (9%)
Figure 1.6 – Total staff abroad (2004)
1.076
894
541
472
422 417
380
287
285
109 176
113
49 46 47 50
13
Europe the Americas Mediterranean Sub-Saharan Asia and
and M.E. Africa Oceania
Consulates Embassies
Italian Cultural Institutes Permanent Missions
20
Organization and Resources
Financial resources. The budget allotted to the MFA in 2005 (2 149 million
Euro) shows a decrease (- 2.4% on 2004) after the increasing trend registered
in the late 90’s.
Figure 1.7 – MFA Budget (1985-2005)
2203
2149
million Euro 2130
1840
1693
1587
1528 1513 1.561
1371 1478
1391
1326 1379
1282 1278
1252
1315
1161 1214
1153 1130
1162 1143
1063 1082
1065 1047 1040
998 967
980
842
815
778 774
705
667 674
638
614
539
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
MFA Budget MFA Budget (without ODA)
Figure 1.8 – Ministry of Foreign Affairs Budget: percentage of the
National Budget (1985-2005)
0,58
0,48
0,45
0,42
0,38 0,34
0,35 0,32
0,31 0,30
0,28 0,32
0,33 0,29 0,28 0,29 0,33
0,27 0,27 0,29 0,26 0,28
0,27 0,28 0,26
0,23
0,22 0,23 0,23 0,24 0,24
0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,21 0,21 0,21 0,19 0,21 0,21 0,21
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
included ODA without ODA
21
Organization and Resources
Organization
Table 1.1 – Network of Missions abroad by type
Type 2001 2002 2003 2004
Embassies (1) 120 120 120 120
Permanent Missions to International
11 11 11 11
Organizations
Special Diplomatic Representations 2) 3 3 3 2
Consulates 114 116 116 116
of which:
General Consulates (I class) 8 8 9 10
General Consulates 61 63 62 61
Consulates (I class) 8 8 8 8
Consulates 24 24 24 24
Vice Consulates 3 3 3 3
Consular Agencies 10 10 10 10
Italian Cultural Institutes (3) 89 89 89 89
Total 337 339 339 338
Source: DGPE
(1) There are three Embassies not yet operational (Mogadiscio, Reykjavik, Nouakchott).
(2) Special Diplomatic Representation for Taiwan (Taipei) and for Somalia (Nairobi).
(3) There are also four italian cultural institutes not yet operational (Shangai, Hong Kong, Mumbai e
Baghdad).
Table 1.2 – Embassies by geographical area
Geographical Area 2001 2002 2003 2004
Europe 44 44 44 44
The Americas 21 21 21 21
Mediterranean and Middle East 18 18 18 18
Sub-Saharan Africa 20 20 20 20
Asia and Oceania 17 17 17 17
Total 120 120 120 120
Source: DGPE
23
Organization and Resources
Table 1.3 – Consulates by geographical area
Geographical Area 2001 2002 2003 2004
Europe 59 60 60 60
The Americas 32 32 32 32
Mediterranean and Middle East 8 8 8 8
Sub-Saharan Africa 3 4 4 4
Asia and Oceania 12 12 12 12
TOTAL 114 116 116 116
Source: DGPE
Table 1.4 – Italian Cultural Institutes by geographical area
Geographical Area 2001 2002 2003 2004
Europe 49 49 49 49
The Americas 19 19 19 19
Mediterranean and Middle East 10 10 10 10
Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3
Asia and Oceania 8 8 8 8
TOTAL 89 89 89 89
Source: DGPC
24
Organization and Resources
Human resources
Table 1.5 – MFA human resources (2004)
Staff from other External
Permanent Staff TOTAL
Ministries resources
HQ 2 442 405 201 3 048
Abroad 2 766 312 2 299 5 377
TOTAL 5 208 717 2 500 8 425
Source: DGPE
-- Data included Personnel on leave, detached and in position of command.
-- Excluded: Staff in service in schools and universities abroad; staff on contract as per Decree no. 18/67;
ENIT contract staff; Italian Cultural Institute consultants and contract staff and per Law 401/90.
Table 1.6 – Permanent staff by classification
Administrative
Officers & CPA
(base 1990
Area (CPA)
Employees
Promotion
Diplomats
Cultural
=100)
Index
Total
1990 838 26 4 210 - 5 074 100.0
1991 863 32 4 104 - 4 999 98.5
1992 879 32 4 040 126 5 077 100.1
1993 897 32 4 014 140 5 083 100.2
1994 901 28 3 915 133 4 977 98.1
1995 901 29 3 858 134 4 922 97.0
1996 909 26 3 735 135 4 805 94.7
1997 904 24 3 716 131 4 775 94.1
1998 913 27 3 734 132 4 806 94.7
1999 934 27 3 733 128 4 822 95.0
2000 960 40 3 656 130 4 786 94.3
2001 988 50 3 902 189 5 129 101.1
2002 1 007 56 4 012 181 5 256 103.6
2003 1 024 55 4 013 208 5 300 104.5
2004 1 014 51 3 942 201 5 208 102.6
Source: DGPE
-- Data included Personnel on leave, detached and in position of command.
-- The functional areas also include the following figures for Inspectors (a disappearing role): 8 (1990),
6 (1991), 6 (1992), 4 (1993), 3 (1994), 3 (1995), 3 (1996), 2 (1997), 2 (1999), 1 (2000).
-- The Cultural Promotion Area (CPA) was instituted with Law no. 401/1990.
25
Organization and Resources
Table 1.7 – Total staff abroad by classification (2004)
Administrative
Officers & CPA
Employees
Diplomats
Detached
Experts
Total
Local staff
CPA
Embassies 368 6 1 033 - 1 109 86 165 2 767
Consulates 118 8 867 - 743 4 31 1 771
Permanent
77 - 143 - 58 50 8 336
Missions
Italian
Cultural - 9 - 137 340 17 - 503
Institutes
TOTAL 563 23 2 043 137 2 250 157 204 5 377
Source:DGPE
-- Experts: personnel within the scope of Law no. 49/87, of article 168 of DPR 18 and article 14 and 16
of Law no. 401/90
Table 1.8 – Embassies: total staff abroad by classification and
geographical area (2004)
Officers & CPA
Administrative
Employees
Local staff
Diplomats
Detached
Experts
Total
Geographical
area
Europe 149 4 450 390 18 65 1 076
The Americas 64 1 163 198 18 28 472
Mediterranean
58 - 156 163 16 29 422
and Middle East
Sub-Saharan
45 - 128 194 23 27 417
Africa
Asia and
52 1 136 164 11 16 380
Oceania
TOTAL 368 6 1 033 1 109 86 165 2 767
Source: DGPE
26
Organization and Resources
Table 1.9 – Consulates: total staff abroad by classification and
geographical area (2004)
Administrative
Officers & CPA
Employees
Local staff
Diplomats
Detached
Experts
Total
Geographical
area
Europe 54 6 450 374 - 10 894
The Americas 37 1 263 231 2 7 541
Mediterranean
8 - 54 43 2 6 113
and Middle East
Sub-Saharan
4 - 19 20 - 4 47
Africa
Asia and
15 1 81 75 - 4 176
Oceania
TOTAL 118 8 867 743 3 31 1 771
Source: DGPE
Table 1.10 – Permanent Missions: total staff abroad by classification
(2004)
Employees
Local staff
Diplomats
Detached
Experts
Total
Permanent
Missions to
Council of Europe
3 7 4 2 16
(Strasbourg) -
Conference of
Disarmament 3 5 1 - - 9
(Geneva)
NATO (Bruxelles) 6 15 5 2 - 28
OECD (Paris) 5 9 2 4 - 20
UN (New York) 14 18 12 2 3 49
FAO-IFAD (Rome) 3 10 - - 13
International
Organizations 9 15 6 2 1 33
(Geneva)
International 1
4 7 6 2 20
Organizations (Vienna)
OSCE (Vienna) 4 7 2 - - 13
EU (Brussels) 23 44 18 34 3 122
UNESCO (Paris) 3 6 2 2 - 13
TOTAL 77 143 58 50 8 336
Source: DGPE
27
Organization and Resources
Table 1.11 – Italian Cultural Institutes: total staff by classification
and geographical area (2004)
Directors Experts
Geographical Local
(art.14 Directors CPA (art.16 Total
area staff
L.401/90) L. 401/90)
Europe 5 3 78 1 198 285
The Americas 2 3 27 2 75 109
Mediterranean and
- 1 15 3 27 46
Middle East
Sub-Saharan Africa - - 4 - 9 13
Asia and Oceania 1 2 13 3 31 50
TOTAL 8 9 137 9 340 503
Source: DGPE
Table 1.12 – Diplomatic Service: personnel requirement and current staff
Rank Requirement Current staff
Ambassador 22 24
Minister Plenipotentiary 208 21
First Counsellor 232 246
Counsellor 270 177
First Secretary 387 346
TOTAL 1 119 1 014
Source: DGPE
-- The current staff posts were established by Legislative Decree No. 85 (of 27 March 2000)
Table 1.13 – Recruitment of diplomats by rank and gender
(2002-2004)
2002 2003 2004
Rank
Total
Total
Total
M F M F M F
Ambassador 22 - 22 19 - 19 24 - 24
Minister Plenipotentiary (a) 211 9 220 213 10 223 208 13 221
First Counsellor 224 22 246 223 24 247 223 23 246
Counsellor 172 24 196 169 22 191 154 23 177
First Secretary (b) 223 59 282 232 69 301 252 77 329
Secretary (c ) 30 11 41 32 11 43 14 3 17
TOTAL 882 125 1.007 888 136 1.024 875 139 1.014
Source: DGPE
(a) Up until 25.4.2000 rank subdivided into I and II Class.
(b) Up until 25.4.2000 rank subdivided into First Secretary and Secretary.
(c) Post instituted on 26.4.2000 and which replaces Diplomatic Volunteers.
28
Organization and Resources
Table 1.14 – Recruitment of diplomats (2002-2004)
2002 2003 2004
M F Total M F Total M F Total
Applications 702 607 1 309 507 457 964 504 469 973
Candidates at the end
- - - 366 294 660 342 265 607
of pre-testing
Candidates at the end
of the written 319 195 514 203 147 350 150 71 221
examination
Candidates admitted to
37 13 50 39 13 52 26 4 30
the oral examination
Recruited 30 11 41 31 10 41 20 3 23
Source: DGPE
-- Only valid applications were considered
Table 1.15 – Recruitment of diplomats by university degree
(2001-2004)
Admitted
2001 2002 2003 2004
Political Science 19 20 16 6
International and diplomatic
- - 4 7
Sciences
Law 24 14 16 5
Economics 6 5 5 3
Humanities 2 2 - -
Foreign degree (recognized in
1 - - 2
Italy)
TOTAL 52 41 41 23
Source: DGPE
-- 2004 data referred only to competition winners.
29
Organization and Resources
Financial resources
Table 1.16 – Italian National Budget and Ministry of Foreign
Affairs Budget
Million Euro
Italian State MFA Budget
Fiscal Year % rate
Budget without ODA (*)
1985 201 716 539 0.27
1986 231 776 638 0.28
1988 284 399 777 0.27
1989 264 216 614 0.23
1990 334 617 674 0.20
1991 356 074 705 0.20
1992 388 762 774 0.20
1993 401 419 815 0.20
1994 393 031 842 0.21
1995 457 937 967 0.21
1996 473 257 1 062 0.22
1997 496 314 1 046 0.21
1998 537 090 1 040 0.19
1999 526 393 1 082 0.21
2000 534 301 1 129 0.21
2001 609 218 1 252 0.21
2002 609 225 1 391 0.23
2003 669 985 1 512 0.23
2004 654 486 1 586 0.24
2005 645 360 1 561 0.24
Source: DGAA
(*) ODA = Official Development Assistance
31
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