US Life Actuarial Tables 2000

Volume 51, Number 3 December 19, 2002 United States Life Tables, 2000 by Elizabeth Arias, Ph.D., Division of Vital Statistics Abstract This report presents period life tables for the United States based on age-specific death rates in 2000. Data used to prepare these life tables are 2000 final mortality statistics; July 1, 2000, population estimates based on the 1990 decennial census; and data from the Medicare program. Presented are complete life tables by age, race, and sex. In 2000 the overall expectation of life at birth was 76.9 years, representing an increase of 0.2 years from life expect­ ancy in 1999. Between 1999 and 2000, life expectancy increased for both males and females and for both the white and black populations. Life expectancy increased by 0.4 years for black males (from 67.8 to 68.2) and by 0.2 years for white males (from 74.6 to 74.8). It increased by 0.2 years for black females (from 74.7 to 74.9) and by 0.1 year for white females (from 79.9 to 80.0). of a particular period in time. Thus, for example, a period life table for 2000 assumes a hypothetical cohort subject throughout its lifetime to the age-specific death rates prevailing for the actual population in 2000. The period life table may thus be characterized as rendering a ‘‘snapshot’’ of current mortality experience, and shows the long-range impli­ cations of a set of age-specific death rates that prevailed in a given year. In this report the term ‘‘life table’’ refers only to the period life table and not to the cohort life table. Data and Methods The data used to prepare the U.S. life tables for 2000 are final numbers of deaths for the year 2000; postcensal population esti­ mates for the year 2000; and data from the Medicare program prepared by the Health Care Financing Administration. Population estimates are prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau. They are based on the 1990 decennial census because detailed populations from the 2000 census were not available when this report was prepared. A comparison of 1990 census based estimates and summary 2000 census results show differences for some ethnic and race groups. These differences could result in the underestimation or overestima­ tion of life expectancy (see Technical Notes). Once population estimates based on the 2000 census are available, we will publish another report presenting revised life expectancy estimates. Data from the Medicare program are used to calculate probabilities of dying for ages over 85 years (see Technical Notes). Life tables can be classified in two ways according to the length of the age interval in which data are presented. A complete life table Introduction There are two types of life tables—the cohort (or generation) life table and the period (or current) life table. The cohort life table presents the mortality experience of a particular birth cohort, all persons born in the year 1900, for example, from the moment of birth through consecutive ages in successive calendar years. Based on age-specific death rates observed through consecutive calendar years, the cohort life table reflects the mortality experience of an actual cohort from birth until no lives remain in the group. To prepare just a single complete cohort life table requires data over many years. It is usually not feasible to construct cohort life tables entirely on the basis of observed data for real cohorts due to data unavailability or incompleteness (1). For example, a life table representation of the mortality experience of a cohort of persons born in 1970 would require the use of data projection techniques to estimate deaths into the future (2,3). Unlike the cohort life table, the period life table does not represent the mortality experience of an actual birth cohort. Rather, the period life table presents what would happen to a hypothetical (or synthetic) cohort if it experienced throughout its entire life the mortality conditions Keywords: life expectancy c life tables c survival c death rates c race Acknowledgments This report was prepared in the Division of Vital Statistics under the general direction of Robert N. Anderson, Lead Statistician, and James A. Weed, Acting Chief, Mortality Statistics Branch. Registration Methods Staff and the Data Acquisition and Evaluation Branch provided consultation to State vital statistics offices regarding the collection of the death certificate data on which this report is based. This report was edited by Demarius V. Miller, typeset by Jacqueline M. Davis, and graphics produced by Jarmila Ogburn of the Publications Branch, Division of Data Services. 2 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 contains data for every single year of age. An abridged life table typically contains data by 5- or 10-year age intervals. A complete life table, of course, can be easily aggregated into 5- or 10-year age groups ( see Technical Notes for instructions on how to do this). Other than the decennial life tables, U.S. life tables based on data prior to 1997 are abridged life tables constructed by reference to a ‘‘standard’’ table (4). The 2000 U.S. life tables are complete life tables calculated using a method implemented with the 1997 life tables and are similar to the U.S. Decennial Life Tables (5,6). See Technical Notes for more information on the method used to construct the life tables in this report. Expectation of life—The most frequently used life table statistic is life expectancy (ex), which is the average number of years of life remaining for persons who have attained a given age (x). Life expect­ ancy and other life table values for each age in 2000 are shown for the total population and by race and sex in tables 1–9. Life expectancy is summarized by age, race, and sex in table A. Life expectancy at birth (e0) for 2000 for the total population was 76.9 years. This represents the average number of years that the members of the hypothetical life table cohort may expect to live at the time of birth (table A). Survivors to specified ages—Another way of assessing the lon­ gevity of the synthetic life table cohort is by determining the proportion who survive to specified ages. The lx column of the life table provides the data for computing the proportion. Table B summarizes the number of survivors by age, race, and sex. To illustrate, 51,037 persons out of the original 2000 synthetic life table cohort of 100,000 (or 51.0 percent) were alive at exact age 80. In other words, the probability that a person will survive from birth to age 80, given 2000 age-specific mortality, is 51 percent. Probabilities of survival can be calculated at any age by simply dividing the number of survivors at the terminal age by the number at the beginning age. For example, to calculate the probability of surviving from age 20 to age 85, one would divide the number of survivors at age 85 (34,959) by the number of survivors at age 20 (98,654), which results in a 35.4 percent probability of survival. Explanation of the columns of the life table Column 1—Age (x to x + 1)—This column shows the age interval between the two exact ages indicated. For instance, ‘‘20–21’’ means the 1-year interval between the 20th and 21st birthdays. Column 2—Probability of dying (qx)—This column shows the prob­ ability of dying between ages x to x+1. For example, for males in the age interval 20–21 years, the probability of dying is .001295 (table 2). The ‘‘probability of dying’’ column forms the basis of the life table; all subsequent columns are derived from it. Column 3—Number surviving (lx)—This column shows the number of persons from the original synthetic cohort of 100,000 live births, who survive to the beginning of each age interval. The lx values are com­ puted from the qx values, which are successively applied to the remainder of the original 100,000 persons still alive at the beginning of each age interval. Thus out of 100,000 female babies born alive, 99,376 will complete the first year of life and enter the second; 99,189 will reach age 10; 98,909 will reach age 20; and 42,145 will live to age 85 (table 3). Column 4—Number dying (dx)—This column shows the number dying in each successive age interval out of the original 100,000 live births. For example, out of 100,000 males born alive, 759 will die in the first year of life; 127 between ages 20 and 21; and 864 will die after reaching age 100 (table 2). Each figure in column 4 is the difference between two successive figures in column 3. Column 5—Person-years lived (Lx)—This column shows the number of person-years lived by the synthetic life table cohort within an age interval x to x+1. Each figure in column 5 represents the total time (in years) lived between two indicated birthdays by all those reaching the earlier birthday. Thus, the figure 98,349 for males in the age interval 20–21 is the total number of years lived between the 20th and 21st birthdays by the 98,413 (column 3) males who reached their 20th birthday out of 100,000 males born alive (table 2). Column 6—Total number of person-years lived (Tx)—This column shows the total number of person-years that would be lived after the Table A. Expectation of life by age, race, and sex: United States, 2000 All races Age 0 .. 1 .. 5 .. 10 . . 15 . . 20 . . 25 . . 30 . . 35 . . 40 . . 45 . . 50 . . 55 . . 60 . . 65 . . 70 . . 75 . . 80 . . 85 . . 90 . . 95 . . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total 76.9 76.4 72.5 67.6 62.6 57.8 53.1 48.3 43.6 38.9 34.4 30.0 25.7 21.6 17.9 14.4 11.3 8.6 6.3 4.7 3.5 2.6 Male 74.1 73.7 69.8 64.9 59.9 55.2 50.6 45.9 41.3 36.7 32.2 27.9 23.8 19.9 16.3 13.0 10.1 7.6 5.6 4.1 3.1 2.4 Female 79.5 79.0 75.1 70.1 65.2 60.3 55.4 50.6 45.8 41.0 36.3 31.8 27.4 23.1 19.2 15.5 12.1 9.1 6.7 4.8 3.5 2.7 Total 77.4 76.9 73.0 68.0 63.1 58.3 53.5 48.7 44.0 39.3 34.7 30.2 25.9 21.8 17.9 14.4 11.3 8.5 6.2 4.5 3.3 2.4 White Male 74.8 74.3 70.3 65.4 60.5 55.7 51.1 46.4 41.7 37.1 32.6 28.2 24.0 20.0 16.3 13.0 10.1 7.6 5.5 4.0 2.9 2.2 Female 80.0 79.4 75.5 70.5 65.6 60.7 55.8 50.9 46.1 41.3 36.6 32.0 27.5 23.2 19.2 15.5 12.1 9.1 6.6 4.7 3.3 2.4 Total 71.7 71.7 67.9 63.0 58.1 53.3 48.7 44.1 39.6 35.1 30.8 26.8 23.0 19.4 16.2 13.1 10.5 8.2 6.3 4.8 3.7 2.8 Black Male 68.2 68.3 64.4 59.5 54.6 49.9 45.5 41.1 36.6 32.3 28.1 24.2 20.7 17.5 14.5 11.7 9.4 7.3 5.7 4.5 3.6 2.9 Female 74.9 74.9 71.0 66.1 61.2 56.3 51.5 46.8 42.1 37.5 33.1 28.9 24.9 21.0 17.4 14.1 11.2 8.6 6.5 4.8 3.6 2.7 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 3 Table B. Number of survivors by age, out of 100,000 born alive, by race and sex: United States, 2000 All races Age 0. . 1. . 5. . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . ........... . .......... Total 100,000 99,307 99,177 99,095 98,992 98,654 98,181 97,696 97,132 96,349 95,210 93,522 91,113 87,498 82,131 74,561 64,244 51,037 34,959 18,839 7,252 1,781 Male 100,000 99,241 99,096 99,006 98,882 98,413 97,716 97,025 96,266 95,264 93,826 91,674 88,687 84,286 77,897 69,055 57,321 43,192 27,265 13,045 4,268 864 Female 100,000 99,376 99,261 99,189 99,107 98,909 98,671 98,392 98,021 97,460 96,623 95,398 93,561 90,716 86,344 79,983 70,983 58,563 42,145 23,936 9,669 2,479 Total 100,000 99,430 99,315 99,240 99,142 98,819 98,391 97,960 97,456 96,747 95,719 94,195 91,977 88,559 83,379 75,912 65,615 52,286 35,852 19,244 7,219 1,618 White Male 100,000 99,376 99,247 99,163 99,046 98,604 97,977 97,363 96,675 95,755 94,441 92,474 89,731 85,586 79,419 70,657 58,874 44,521 28,100 13,335 4,217 773 Female 100,000 99,487 99,386 99,320 99,243 99,046 98,831 98,586 98,268 97,777 97,044 95,970 94,283 91,590 87,385 81,163 72,254 59,792 43,112 24,439 9,638 2,244 Total 100,000 98,586 98,368 98,247 98,110 97,672 96,913 96,065 95,040 93,680 91,660 88,583 84,351 78,737 71,389 62,448 51,081 38,083 24,655 12,913 5,113 1,388 Black Male 100,000 98,444 98,206 98,071 97,905 97,259 96,107 94,886 93,531 91,827 89,333 85,464 80,033 72,884 64,048 54,082 42,101 29,317 17,354 8,212 2,941 754 Female 100,000 98,733 98,535 98,430 98,321 98,100 97,730 97,232 96,506 95,462 93,879 91,509 88,329 84,046 77,996 70,040 59,333 46,210 31,410 17,112 6,892 1,831 beginning of the age interval x to x+1 by the synthetic life table cohort. For example, the figure 5,434,563 is the total number of years lived after attaining age 20 by the 98,413 males reaching that age (table 2). Column 7—Expectation of life (ex)—The expectation of life at any given age is the average number of years remaining to be lived by those surviving to that age on the basis of a given set of age-specific rates of dying. It is derived by dividing the total person-years that would be lived above age x by the number of persons who survived to that age interval (Tx/lx). Thus, the average remaining lifetime for males who reach age 20 is 55.2 years (5,434,563 divided by 98,413) (table 2). Results Life expectancy in the United States Tables 1–9 show complete life tables by race (white and black) and sex for 2000. Tables A and B summarize life expectancy and survival by age, race, and sex. Life expectancy at birth for 2000 represents the average number of years that a group of infants would live if the infants were to experience throughout life the age-specific death rates prevailing in 2000. In 2000 life expectancy at birth was 76.9 years, increasing by 0.2 years from 76.7 years in 1999. This increase is typical of the average yearly changes that occurred during the last 25 years in the United States. Throughout the 20th century, the trend in U.S. life expectancy was one of gradual improvement (7). Life expectancy was 74.1 years for males, increasing by 0.2 years from 73.9 years in 1999. Life expectancy for females in 2000 was 79.5 years, increasing by 0.1 year from 79.4 years in 1999. The increase in life expectancy between 1999 and 2000 for females was primarily the result of decreases in mortality due to diseases of the heart, cancer, perinatal conditions, and chronic lower respiratory diseases. Increases in life expectancy took place despite increases in mortality due to Alzheimer’s disease, kidney disease, and pneumonitis due to solids and liquids. For males, life expectancy increased as a result of decreases in mortality from heart disease, stroke, cancer, and lower respiratory diseases, which were partly offset by increases in mortality due to kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, viral hepatitis, and pneumonitis due to solids and liquids. The difference in life expectancy between the sexes was 5.4 years in 2000, a slight narrowing from the difference (5.5) in the previous year. From 1900 to 1975, the difference in life expectancy between the sexes increased from 2.8 years to 7.8 years. The increasing gap during these years is attributed to increases in male mortality due to ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, both of which increased largely as the result of men’s early and widespread adoption of cigarette smoking (7,8). Since 1979, the difference in life expectancy between the sexes has narrowed from 7.8 years to 5.4 years, reflecting proportionately greater increases in lung cancer mortality for women than for men and pro­ portionately larger decreases in heart disease mortality among men (7,8). Between 1999 and 2000, life expectancy for the black population rose 0.3 years to 71.7 years. For the white population life expectancy rose by 0.1 year to 77.4 years. The difference in life expectancy between the white and black populations was 5.7 years in 2000, returning to its record low level first observed in 1982. The white-black difference in life expectancy narrowed from 15.8 years in 1900 to 5.7 years in 1982, but increased to 7.1 years in 1993 before declining from 1994 (7.0 years) to 2000 (5.7 years). The increase in the gap from 1983 to 1993 was largely the result of increases in mortality among the black male population due to HIV infection and homicide (7,9). Among the four race-sex groups (figure 1), white females con­ tinued to have the highest life expectancy at birth (80.0 years), followed by black females (74.9 years), white males (74.8 years), and black males (68.2 years). Between 1999 and 2000, life expectancy increased 0.4 years for black males (from 67.8 in 1999 to 68.2 in 2000). Black males experienced an unprecedented decline in life expectancy every year for 1984–89 (8), but annual increases in 1990–92 and 1994–2000. From 1999 to 2000, life expectancy for black females increased from 4 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 85 80 White female Life expectancy at birth 75 Black female 70 White male 65 Black male 60 55 1970 1975 1980 1985 Year 1990 1995 2000 Figure 1. Life expectancy at birth by race and sex: 1970–2000 74.7 years to 74.9 years, an increase of 0.2 years. Life expectancy for white males rose 0.2 years, from 74.6 years in 1999 to 74.8 years in 2000. White female life expectancy increased during the same period by 0.1 year from 79.9 to 80.0 years. Overall, gains in life expectancy between 1980 and 2000 were 4.4 years for black males, 4.1 years for white males, 2.4 years for black females, and 1.9 years for white females (table 12). The 2000 life table may be used to compare life expectancy at any age from birth onward. On the basis of mortality experienced in 2000, a person aged 65 years could expect to live an average of 17.9 more years for a total of 82.9 years, and a person age 100 years could expect to live an additional 2.6 years on average (table A). Life expectancy at 100 years of age, particularly for the black population, should be interpreted with caution as these figures may be affected somewhat by age misreporting (5,10,11). the same median age at death of 78 years. However, white males have slightly higher survival rates than black females at the younger ages with 98.6 percent surviving to age 20 and 79.4 percent surviving to age 65 compared with 98.1 percent and 78.0 percent, respectively, for black females. At the older ages, in contrast, black female survival surpasses white male survival. At age 85, white male survival is 28.1 percent compared with 31.4 percent for black females. This crossover, which occurs at about age 72, is clearly shown in figure 2. The median age at death for black males is 72 years, 11 years less than that for white females; 97.3 percent of black males survive to age 20, 64.0 percent to age 65, and 17.4 percent to age 85. By age 100, there is very little difference between the white and black populations in terms of survival. Somewhat less than 1 percent of white and black males and about 2 percent of white and black females survive to age 100. Plotting the percent surviving by age for the periods 1900–1902, 1949–51, and 2000 shows an increasingly ‘‘rectangular’’ survival curve (figure 3). That is, the survival curve has become increasingly flat in response to progressively lower mortality, particularly at the younger ages, and increasingly vertical at the older ages. The survival curve for 1900–1902 shows a rapid decline in survival in the first few years of life and a relatively steady decline thereafter. In contrast, the survival curve for 2000 is nearly flat until about age 50 after which the decline in survival becomes more rapid. Improvements in survival between 1900–1902 and 1949–51 occurred at all ages, although the largest improvements were among the younger population. Between 1949–51 and 2000, improvements occurred primarily for the older population. Survivorship in the United States Table B summarizes the number of survivors out of 100,000 persons born alive (lx) by age, race, and sex. Table 10 shows trends in survivorship from 1900 to 2000. In 2000, 99.3 percent of all infants born in the United States survived the first year of life. In contrast, only 87.6 percent of infants born in 1900 survived the first year. Fifty-one percent of the 2000 synthetic life table cohort survived to age 80, and about 1.8 percent survived to age 100. In 1900 the median age at death was 58 and only 0.03 percent survived to age 100. Among the four race-sex groups (figure 2, table B), white females have the highest median age at death with 50 percent surviving to age 83. Of the original hypothetical cohort of 100,000 infant white females, 99.0 percent survive to age 20, 87.4 percent survive to age 65, and 43.1 percent survive to age 85. For white males and black females, the pattern of survival by age is similar. These groups have approximately National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 5 White male 100 80 White female Black female Black male Percent surviving 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Age 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Figure 2. Percent surviving by age, race, and sex: United States, 2000 100 80 2000 Percent surviving 1949-51 60 1900-1902 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Age 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Figure 3. Percent surviving by age: Death-registration States, 1900–1902, and United States, 1949–51 and 2000 References 1. Shryock HS, Siegel JS, et al. The methods and materials of demog­ raphy, vol 2. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1971. Moriyama IM, Gustavus SO. Cohort mortality and survivorship, United States death-registration States, 1900–68. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 3(16). 1972. Preston SM, Heuveline P, Guillot M. Demography, measuring and modeling population processes. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 2001. Sirken MG. Comparison of two methods of constructing abridged life tables by reference to a ‘‘standard’’ table. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(4). 1966. Anderson RN. A method for constructing complete annual U.S. life tables. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(129). 1999. Armstrong RJ. Methodology of the national and State life tables. U.S. decennial life tables for 1989–91 vol 1 no 2. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 1998. Anderson RN. Some trends and comparisons of United States life table data: 1900–1991. U.S. decennial life tables for 1989–91 vol 1 no 3. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 1999. 8. 9. 2. 10. 11. 3. 4. 12. 5. 6. 13. 14. 7. Waldron I. Recent trends in sex mortality ratios for adults in developed countries. Soc Sci Med 36:451–62. 1993. Kochanek KD, Maurer JD, Rosenberg HM. Causes of death contrib­ uting to changes in life expectancy: United States, 1984–89. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 20(23). 1994. Kestenbaum B. A description of the extreme aged population based on improved Medicare enrollment data. Demography. 29:565–80. 1992. Coale AJ, Kisker EE. Defects in data on old-age mortality in the United States: New procedures for calculating mortality schedules and life tables at the highest ages. Asian and Pacific Population Forum. 4:1–31. 1990. Greville TNE, Carlson GA. Estimated average length of life in the death-registration States. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics—special reports. Vol 33 no 9. Washington: Public Health Service. 1951. U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. population estimates, by age, race, sex, and Hispanic origin: 1999. Census file RES0799. 2000. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin information from the 1990 census: A comparison of census results where age and race have been modified. 1990 CPH-1–74. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce. 1991. 6 15. National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Kestenbaum B. Recent mortality of the oldest old, from Medicare data. Paper presented at the 1997 meetings of the Population Association of America. March 27–29 1997. Horiuchi S, Wilmoth JR. Deceleration in the age pattern of mortality at older ages. Demography. 35:391–412. 1998. Wilmoth JR. Are mortality rates falling at extremely high ages? An investigation based on a model proposed by Coale and Kisker. Population Studies 49:281–95. 1995. Miniño AM, Arias E, Kochanek KD, et al. Deaths: Final data for 2000. National Vital Statistics Reports; vol 50 no 15. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2002. 16. 17. 18. List of Detailed Tables 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Life table for the total population: United States, 2000 . . . . . . Life table for males: United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Life table for females: United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Life table for the white population: United States, 2000 . . . . . . Life table for white males: United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . Life table for white females: United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . Life table for the black population: United States, 2000 . . . . . . Life table for black males: United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . Life table for black females: United States, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . Survivorship by age, race, and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–1902 to 1919–21, and United States, 1929–31 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Life expectancy by age, race, and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–1902 to 1919–21, and United States, 1929–31 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Estimated life expectancy at birth in years, by race and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–28, and United States, 1929–2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 29 33 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 7 Table 1. Life table for the total population: United States, 2000 Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 0–1 . 1–2 . 2–3 . 3–4 . 4–5 . 5–6 . 6–7 . 7–8 . 8–9 . 9–10 10–11. 11–12. 12–13 13–14 14–15 15–16 16–17 17–18 18–19 19–20 20–21 21–22 22–23 23–24 24–25 25–26 26–27 27–28 28–29 29–30 30–31 31–32 32–33 33–34 34–35 35–36 36–37 37–38 38–39 39–40 40–41 41–42 42–43 43–44 44–45 45–46 46–47 47–48 48–49 49–50 50–51 51–52 52–53 53–54 54–55 55–56 56–57 57–58 58–59 59–60 60–61 61–62 62–63 63–64 64–65 65–66 66–67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.006930 0.000517 0.000347 0.000243 0.000202 0.000189 0.000177 0.000167 0.000154 0.000137 0.000125 0.000130 0.000170 0.000253 0.000366 0.000491 0.000607 0.000706 0.000780 0.000833 0.000888 0.000945 0.000983 0.000996 0.000991 0.000981 0.000977 0.000979 0.000993 0.001019 0.001050 0.001087 0.001141 0.001215 0.001302 0.001395 0.001492 0.001602 0.001728 0.001870 0.002021 0.002181 0.002355 0.002550 0.002768 0.003014 0.003284 0.003567 0.003851 0.004138 0.004443 0.004780 0.005152 0.005579 0.006075 0.006654 0.007309 0.008023 0.008773 0.009563 0.010446 0.011448 0.012521 0.013646 0.014828 0.016058 0.017400 Number surviving to age x lx 100,000 99,307 99,256 99,221 99,197 99,177 99,158 99,141 99,124 99,109 99,095 99,083 99,070 99,053 99,028 98,992 98,943 98,883 98,814 98,736 98,654 98,567 98,474 98,377 98,279 98,181 98,085 97,989 97,893 97,796 97,696 97,594 97,488 97,376 97,258 97,132 96,996 96,851 96,696 96,529 96,349 96,154 95,944 95,718 95,474 95,210 94,923 94,611 94,274 93,911 93,522 93,107 92,662 92,184 91,670 91,113 90,507 89,845 89,124 88,343 87,498 86,584 85,593 84,521 83,368 82,131 80,812 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 693 51 34 24 20 19 18 17 15 14 12 13 17 25 36 49 60 70 77 82 88 93 97 98 97 96 96 96 97 100 103 106 111 118 127 135 145 155 167 180 195 210 226 244 264 287 312 337 363 389 415 445 477 514 557 606 661 721 782 845 914 991 1,072 1,153 1,236 1,319 1,406 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 99,392 99,281 99,238 99,209 99,187 99,168 99,150 99,132 99,117 99,102 99,089 99,077 99,062 99,041 99,010 98,968 98,913 98,848 98,775 98,695 98,610 98,520 98,425 98,328 98,230 98,133 98,037 97,941 97,845 97,746 97,645 97,541 97,432 97,317 97,195 97,064 96,924 96,774 96,613 96,439 96,251 96,049 95,831 95,596 95,342 95,066 94,767 94,443 94,092 93,717 93,314 92,884 92,423 91,927 91,392 90,810 90,176 89,485 88,733 87,920 87,041 86,088 85,057 83,944 82,749 81,472 80,109 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 7,686,810 7,587,418 7,488,137 7,388,898 7,289,689 7,190,502 7,091,334 6,992,185 6,893,052 6,793,936 6,694,833 6,595,744 6,496,668 6,397,606 6,298,565 6,199,555 6,100,587 6,001,674 5,902,826 5,804,051 5,705,355 5,606,745 5,508,225 5,409,800 5,311,472 5,213,242 5,115,109 5,017,072 4,919,130 4,821,286 4,723,539 4,625,894 4,528,353 4,430,921 4,333,604 4,236,409 4,139,345 4,042,422 3,945,648 3,849,035 3,752,596 3,656,345 3,560,296 3,464,465 3,368,869 3,273,527 3,178,460 3,083,693 2,989,250 2,895,158 2,801,442 2,708,127 2,615,243 2,522,820 2,430,893 2,339,501 2,248,691 2,158,515 2,069,030 1,980,297 1,892,377 1,805,336 1,719,248 1,634,191 1,550,247 1,467,498 1,386,026 Expectation of life at age x ex 76.9 76.4 75.4 74.5 73.5 72.5 71.5 70.5 69.5 68.6 67.6 66.6 65.6 64.6 63.6 62.6 61.7 60.7 59.7 58.8 57.8 56.9 55.9 55.0 54.0 53.1 52.1 51.2 50.2 49.3 48.3 47.4 46.5 45.5 44.6 43.6 42.7 41.7 40.8 39.9 38.9 38.0 37.1 36.2 35.3 34.4 33.5 32.6 31.7 30.8 30.0 29.1 28.2 27.4 26.5 25.7 24.8 24.0 23.2 22.4 21.6 20.9 20.1 19.3 18.6 17.9 17.2 8 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 1. Life table for the total population: United States, 2000—Con. Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 67–68 . . . . . . . . 68–69 . . . . . . . . 69–70 . . . . . . . . 70–71 . . . . . . . . 71–72 . . . . . . . . 72–73 . . . . . . . . 73–74 . . . . . . . . 74–75 . . . . . . . . 75–76 . . . . . . . . 76–77 . . . . . . . . 77–78 . . . . . . . . 78–79 . . . . . . . . 79–80 . . . . . . . . 80–81 . . . . . . . . 81–82 . . . . . . . . 82–83 . . . . . . . . 83–84 . . . . . . . . 84–85 . . . . . . . . 85–86 . . . . . . . . 86–87 . . . . . . . . 87–88 . . . . . . . . 88–89 . . . . . . . . 89–90 . . . . . . . . 90–91 . . . . . . . . 91–92 . . . . . . . . 92–93 . . . . . . . . 93–94 . . . . . . . . 94–95 . . . . . . . . 95–96 . . . . . . . . 96–97 . . . . . . . . 97–98 . . . . . . . . 98–99 . . . . . . . . 99–100 . . . . . . . . 100 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.018933 0.020701 0.022663 0.024673 0.026741 0.029042 0.031663 0.034588 0.037675 0.040886 0.044437 0.048530 0.053313 0.058841 0.065093 0.072140 0.079850 0.088195 0.096751 0.105884 0.115605 0.125917 0.136824 0.148322 0.160404 0.173058 0.186266 0.200006 0.214248 0.228960 0.244099 0.259622 0.275475 1.00000 Number surviving to age x lx 79,406 77,903 76,290 74,561 72,722 70,777 68,721 66,545 64,244 61,823 59,296 56,661 53,911 51,037 48,034 44,907 41,668 38,340 34,959 31,577 28,233 24,969 21,825 18,839 16,045 13,471 11,140 9,065 7,252 5,698 4,394 3,321 2,459 1,781 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,503 1,613 1,729 1,840 1,945 2,056 2,176 2,302 2,420 2,528 2,635 2,750 2,874 3,003 3,127 3,240 3,327 3,381 3,382 3,343 3,264 3,144 2,986 2,794 2,574 2,331 2,075 1,813 1,554 1,305 1,072 862 677 1,781 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 78,655 77,097 75,426 73,641 71,749 69,749 67,633 65,395 63,034 60,560 57,978 55,286 52,474 49,535 46,471 43,287 40,004 36,650 33,268 29,905 26,601 23,397 20,332 17,442 14,758 12,305 10,102 8,158 6,475 5,046 3,857 2,890 2,120 4,636 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 1,305,916 1,227,262 1,150,165 1,074,739 1,001,098 929,349 859,600 791,966 726,571 663,538 602,978 545,000 489,714 437,240 387,705 341,234 297,947 257,943 221,293 188,025 158,121 131,519 108,122 87,790 70,348 55,590 43,284 33,182 25,024 18,549 13,503 9,646 6,756 4,636 Expectation of life at age x ex 16.4 15.8 15.1 14.4 13.8 13.1 12.5 11.9 11.3 10.7 10.2 9.6 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.2 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.6 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 9 Table 2. Life table for males: United States, 2000 Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 0–1 . 1–2 . 2–3 . 3–4 . 4–5 . 5–6 . 6–7 . 7–8 . 8–9 . 9–10 10–11. 11–12. 12–13 13–14 14–15 15–16 16–17 17–18 18–19 19–20 20–21 21–22 22–23 23–24 24–25 25–26 26–27 27–28 28–29 29–30 30–31 31–32 32–33 33–34 34–35 35–36 36–37 37–38 38–39 39–40 40–41 41–42 42–43 43–44 44–45 45–46 46–47 47–48 48–49 49–50 50–51 51–52 52–53 53–54 54–55 55–56 56–57 57–58 58–59 59–60 60–61 61–62 62–63 63–64 64–65 65–66 66–67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.007592 0.000567 0.000385 0.000285 0.000217 0.000209 0.000199 0.000189 0.000171 0.000147 0.000128 0.000135 0.000193 0.000314 0.000479 0.000660 0.000828 0.000977 0.001097 0.001194 0.001295 0.001396 0.001463 0.001483 0.001467 0.001438 0.001416 0.001402 0.001407 0.001429 0.001456 0.001491 0.001546 0.001625 0.001723 0.001828 0.001940 0.002070 0.002222 0.002396 0.002581 0.002777 0.003001 0.003262 0.003561 0.003902 0.004270 0.004643 0.004996 0.005334 0.005687 0.006083 0.006529 0.007052 0.007668 0.008389 0.009199 0.010081 0.011001 0.011964 0.013033 0.014248 0.015558 0.016947 0.018420 0.019939 0.021588 Number surviving to age x lx 100,000 99,241 99,184 99,146 99,118 99,096 99,076 99,056 99,037 99,020 99,006 98,993 98,980 98,961 98,930 98,882 98,817 98,735 98,639 98,531 98,413 98,285 98,148 98,005 97,859 97,716 97,575 97,437 97,300 97,164 97,025 96,883 96,739 96,589 96,432 96,266 96,090 95,904 95,705 95,493 95,264 95,018 94,754 94,470 94,161 93,826 93,460 93,061 92,629 92,166 91,674 91,153 90,599 90,007 89,372 88,687 87,943 87,134 86,256 85,307 84,286 83,188 82,002 80,727 79,359 77,897 76,344 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 759 56 38 28 22 21 20 19 17 15 13 13 19 31 47 65 82 96 108 118 127 137 144 145 144 141 138 137 137 139 141 144 150 157 166 176 186 199 213 229 246 264 284 308 335 366 399 432 463 492 521 555 592 635 685 744 809 878 949 1,021 1,099 1,185 1,276 1,368 1,462 1,553 1,648 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 99,333 99,213 99,165 99,132 99,107 99,086 99,066 99,047 99,029 99,013 98,999 98,986 98,970 98,945 98,906 98,850 98,776 98,687 98,585 98,472 98,349 98,217 98,076 97,932 97,787 97,645 97,506 97,369 97,232 97,094 96,954 96,811 96,664 96,511 96,349 96,178 95,997 95,805 95,599 95,378 95,141 94,886 94,612 94,316 93,994 93,643 93,261 92,845 92,397 91,920 91,414 90,876 90,303 89,690 89,030 88,315 87,539 86,695 85,781 84,796 83,737 82,595 81,364 80,043 78,628 77,120 75,520 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 7,413,931 7,314,597 7,215,385 7,116,219 7,017,087 6,917,980 6,818,894 6,719,828 6,620,781 6,521,752 6,422,739 6,323,740 6,224,753 6,125,783 6,026,838 5,927,932 5,829,082 5,730,306 5,631,620 5,533,035 5,434,563 5,336,214 5,237,997 5,139,921 5,041,989 4,944,201 4,846,556 4,749,050 4,651,681 4,554,449 4,457,355 4,360,401 4,263,590 4,166,926 4,070,415 3,974,065 3,877,887 3,781,890 3,686,086 3,590,487 3,495,109 3,399,968 3,305,082 3,210,470 3,116,155 3,022,161 2,928,518 2,835,257 2,742,412 2,650,015 2,558,094 2,466,681 2,375,805 2,285,502 2,195,812 2,106,783 2,018,468 1,930,929 1,844,234 1,758,453 1,673,656 1,589,920 1,507,325 1,425,960 1,345,918 1,267,290 1,190,170 Expectation of life at age x ex 74.1 73.7 72.7 71.8 70.8 69.8 68.8 67.8 66.9 65.9 64.9 63.9 62.9 61.9 60.9 59.9 59.0 58.0 57.1 56.2 55.2 54.3 53.4 52.4 51.5 50.6 49.7 48.7 47.8 46.9 45.9 45.0 44.1 43.1 42.2 41.3 40.4 39.4 38.5 37.6 36.7 35.8 34.9 34.0 33.1 32.2 31.3 30.5 29.6 28.8 27.9 27.1 26.2 25.4 24.6 23.8 23.0 22.2 21.4 20.6 19.9 19.1 18.4 17.7 17.0 16.3 15.6 10 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 2. Life table for males: United States, 2000—Con. Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 67–68 . . . . . . . . 68–69 . . . . . . . . 69–70 . . . . . . . . 70–71 . . . . . . . . 71–72 . . . . . . . . 72–73 . . . . . . . . 73–74 . . . . . . . . 74–75 . . . . . . . . 75–76 . . . . . . . . 76–77 . . . . . . . . 77–78 . . . . . . . . 78–79 . . . . . . . . 79–80 . . . . . . . . 80–81 . . . . . . . . 81–82 . . . . . . . . 82–83 . . . . . . . . 83–84 . . . . . . . . 84–85 . . . . . . . . 85–86 . . . . . . . . 86–87 . . . . . . . . 87–88 . . . . . . . . 88–89 . . . . . . . . 89–90 . . . . . . . . 90–91 . . . . . . . . 91–92 . . . . . . . . 92–93 . . . . . . . . 93–94 . . . . . . . . 94–95 . . . . . . . . 95–96 . . . . . . . . 96–97 . . . . . . . . 97–98 . . . . . . . . 98–99 . . . . . . . . 99–100 . . . . . . . . 100 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.023499 0.025743 0.028251 0.030827 0.033436 0.036262 0.039394 0.042837 0.046467 0.050241 0.054397 0.059174 0.064770 0.071426 0.079067 0.087465 0.096142 0.105041 0.114901 0.125348 0.136374 0.147968 0.160114 0.172788 0.185960 0.199595 0.213650 0.228076 0.242816 0.257810 0.272989 0.288279 0.303602 1.00000 Number surviving to age x lx 74,695 72,940 71,063 69,055 66,926 64,688 62,343 59,887 57,321 54,658 51,912 49,088 46,183 43,192 40,107 36,936 33,705 30,465 27,265 24,132 21,107 18,229 15,531 13,045 10,791 8,784 7,031 5,529 4,268 3,231 2,398 1,744 1,241 864 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,755 1,878 2,008 2,129 2,238 2,346 2,456 2,565 2,664 2,746 2,824 2,905 2,991 3,085 3,171 3,231 3,240 3,200 3,133 3,025 2,878 2,697 2,487 2,254 2,007 1,753 1,502 1,261 1,036 833 655 503 377 864 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 73,818 72,001 70,059 67,991 65,807 63,516 61,115 58,604 55,990 53,285 50,500 47,636 44,688 41,649 38,521 35,320 32,085 28,865 25,698 22,619 19,668 16,880 14,288 11,918 9,787 7,907 6,280 4,898 3,750 2,815 2,071 1,492 1,053 2,078 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 1,114,650 1,040,832 968,831 898,772 830,782 764,974 701,459 640,344 581,740 525,751 472,466 421,966 374,330 329,643 287,993 249,472 214,152 182,067 153,202 127,504 104,884 85,217 68,337 54,049 42,131 32,344 24,436 18,157 13,259 9,509 6,694 4,623 3,131 2,078 Expectation of life at age x ex 14.9 14.3 13.6 13.0 12.4 11.8 11.3 10.7 10.1 9.6 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 11 Table 3. Life table for females: United States, 2000 Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 0–1 . 1–2 . 2–3 . 3–4 . 4–5 . 5–6 . 6–7 . 7–8 . 8–9 . 9–10 10–11. 11–12. 12–13 13–14 14–15 15–16 16–17 17–18 18–19 19–20 20–21 21–22 22–23 23–24 24–25 25–26 26–27 27–28 28–29 29–30 30–31 31–32 32–33 33–34 34–35 35–36 36–37 37–38 38–39 39–40 40–41 41–42 42–43 43–44 44–45 45–46 46–47 47–48 48–49 49–50 50–51 51–52 52–53 53–54 54–55 55–56 56–57 57–58 58–59 59–60 60–61 61–62 62–63 63–64 64–65 65–66 66–67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.006235 0.000465 0.000308 0.000199 0.000187 0.000167 0.000154 0.000144 0.000135 0.000126 0.000121 0.000125 0.000147 0.000190 0.000247 0.000312 0.000373 0.000419 0.000444 0.000453 0.000460 0.000471 0.000482 0.000493 0.000505 0.000520 0.000539 0.000560 0.000586 0.000616 0.000650 0.000690 0.000743 0.000810 0.000887 0.000967 0.001048 0.001138 0.001238 0.001348 0.001467 0.001590 0.001718 0.001849 0.001991 0.002149 0.002326 0.002527 0.002749 0.002990 0.003253 0.003538 0.003847 0.004188 0.004577 0.005031 0.005550 0.006120 0.006723 0.007364 0.008087 0.008910 0.009787 0.010700 0.011655 0.012667 0.013782 Number surviving to age x lx 100,000 99,376 99,330 99,300 99,280 99,261 99,245 99,229 99,215 99,202 99,189 99,177 99,165 99,150 99,132 99,107 99,076 99,039 98,998 98,954 98,909 98,863 98,817 98,769 98,720 98,671 98,619 98,566 98,511 98,453 98,392 98,329 98,261 98,188 98,108 98,021 97,926 97,824 97,712 97,591 97,460 97,317 97,162 96,995 96,816 96,623 96,415 96,191 95,948 95,684 95,398 95,088 94,751 94,387 93,991 93,561 93,091 92,574 92,007 91,389 90,716 89,982 89,180 88,308 87,363 86,344 85,251 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 624 46 31 20 19 17 15 14 13 13 12 12 15 19 24 31 37 42 44 45 45 47 48 49 50 51 53 55 58 61 64 68 73 80 87 95 103 111 121 132 143 155 167 179 193 208 224 243 264 286 310 336 364 395 430 471 517 567 619 673 734 802 873 945 1,018 1,094 1,175 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 99,454 99,353 99,315 99,290 99,271 99,253 99,237 99,222 99,208 99,195 99,183 99,171 99,158 99,141 99,119 99,092 99,058 99,018 98,976 98,931 98,886 98,840 98,793 98,745 98,696 98,645 98,593 98,538 98,482 98,423 98,360 98,295 98,224 98,148 98,065 97,974 97,875 97,768 97,652 97,526 97,388 97,239 97,079 96,905 96,719 96,519 96,303 96,069 95,816 95,541 95,243 94,919 94,569 94,189 93,776 93,326 92,832 92,291 91,698 91,052 90,349 89,581 88,744 87,835 86,854 85,798 84,663 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 7,947,581 7,848,126 7,748,773 7,649,458 7,550,168 7,450,897 7,351,644 7,252,407 7,153,185 7,053,977 6,954,781 6,855,598 6,756,427 6,657,269 6,558,128 6,459,009 6,359,917 6,260,860 6,161,841 6,062,866 5,963,935 5,865,048 5,766,208 5,667,415 5,568,671 5,469,975 5,371,330 5,272,738 5,174,199 5,075,717 4,977,294 4,878,934 4,780,639 4,682,415 4,584,267 4,486,203 4,388,229 4,290,354 4,192,586 4,094,935 3,997,409 3,900,021 3,802,781 3,705,703 3,608,797 3,512,078 3,415,559 3,319,256 3,223,186 3,127,370 3,031,829 2,936,586 2,841,667 2,747,098 2,652,909 2,559,132 2,465,806 2,372,974 2,280,684 2,188,986 2,097,933 2,007,584 1,918,003 1,829,259 1,741,424 1,654,571 1,568,773 Expectation of life at age x ex 79.5 79.0 78.0 77.0 76.0 75.1 74.1 73.1 72.1 71.1 70.1 69.1 68.1 67.1 66.2 65.2 64.2 63.2 62.2 61.3 60.3 59.3 58.4 57.4 56.4 55.4 54.5 53.5 52.5 51.6 50.6 49.6 48.7 47.7 46.7 45.8 44.8 43.9 42.9 42.0 41.0 40.1 39.1 38.2 37.3 36.3 35.4 34.5 33.6 32.7 31.8 30.9 30.0 29.1 28.2 27.4 26.5 25.6 24.8 24.0 23.1 22.3 21.5 20.7 19.9 19.2 18.4 12 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 3. Life table for females: United States, 2000—Con. Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 67–68 . . . . . . . . 68–69 . . . . . . . . 69–70 . . . . . . . . 70–71 . . . . . . . . 71–72 . . . . . . . . 72–73 . . . . . . . . 73–74 . . . . . . . . 74–75 . . . . . . . . 75–76 . . . . . . . . 76–77 . . . . . . . . 77–78 . . . . . . . . 78–79 . . . . . . . . 79–80 . . . . . . . . 80–81 . . . . . . . . 81–82 . . . . . . . . 82–83 . . . . . . . . 83–84 . . . . . . . . 84–85 . . . . . . . . 85–86 . . . . . . . . 86–87 . . . . . . . . 87–88 . . . . . . . . 88–89 . . . . . . . . 89–90 . . . . . . . . 90–91 . . . . . . . . 91–92 . . . . . . . . 92–93 . . . . . . . . 93–94 . . . . . . . . 94–95 . . . . . . . . 95–96 . . . . . . . . 96–97 . . . . . . . . 97–98 . . . . . . . . 98–99 . . . . . . . . 99–100 . . . . . . . . 100 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.015033 0.016446 0.018005 0.019605 0.021296 0.023255 0.025571 0.028212 0.031018 0.033947 0.037214 0.041000 0.045434 0.050468 0.056134 0.062698 0.070208 0.078624 0.087179 0.096372 0.106211 0.116702 0.127841 0.139619 0.152021 0.165023 0.178596 0.192701 0.207290 0.222310 0.237696 0.253378 0.269278 1.00000 Number surviving to age x lx 84,076 82,812 81,450 79,983 78,415 76,745 74,961 73,044 70,983 68,781 66,446 63,974 61,351 58,563 55,608 52,486 49,195 45,741 42,145 38,471 34,763 31,071 27,445 23,936 20,595 17,464 14,582 11,978 9,669 7,665 5,961 4,544 3,393 2,479 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,264 1,362 1,467 1,568 1,670 1,785 1,917 2,061 2,202 2,335 2,473 2,623 2,787 2,956 3,121 3,291 3,454 3,596 3,674 3,708 3,692 3,626 3,509 3,342 3,131 2,882 2,604 2,308 2,004 1,704 1,417 1,151 914 2,479 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 83,444 82,131 80,717 79,199 77,580 75,853 74,002 72,013 69,882 67,614 65,210 62,662 59,957 57,085 54,047 50,841 47,468 43,943 40,308 36,617 32,917 29,258 25,691 22,266 19,029 16,023 13,280 10,824 8,667 6,813 5,253 3,968 2,936 6,611 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 1,484,110 1,400,666 1,318,535 1,237,819 1,158,619 1,081,039 1,005,186 931,184 859,171 789,288 721,675 656,465 593,803 533,846 476,760 422,713 371,873 324,404 280,461 240,153 203,536 170,618 141,360 115,669 93,404 74,375 58,352 45,072 34,249 25,582 18,768 13,516 9,547 6,611 Expectation of life at age x ex 17.7 16.9 16.2 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.7 12.1 11.5 10.9 10.3 9.7 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.1 6.7 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 13 Table 4. Life table for the white population: United States, 2000 Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 0–1 . 1–2 . 2–3 . 3–4 . 4–5 . 5–6 . 6–7 . 7–8 . 8–9 . 9–10 10–11. 11–12. 12–13 13–14 14–15 15–16 16–17 17–18 18–19 19–20 20–21 21–22 22–23 23–24 24–25 25–26 26–27 27–28 28–29 29–30 30–31 31–32 32–33 33–34 34–35 35–36 36–37 37–38 38–39 39–40 40–41 41–42 42–43 43–44 44–45 45–46 46–47 47–48 48–49 49–50 50–51 51–52 52–53 53–54 54–55 55–56 56–57 57–58 58–59 59–60 60–61 61–62 62–63 63–64 64–65 65–66 66–67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.005695 0.000458 0.000307 0.000221 0.000175 0.000169 0.000162 0.000155 0.000144 0.000128 0.000115 0.000120 0.000159 0.000241 0.000352 0.000475 0.000588 0.000680 0.000741 0.000780 0.000818 0.000858 0.000883 0.000890 0.000884 0.000873 0.000868 0.000868 0.000880 0.000903 0.000930 0.000964 0.001015 0.001084 0.001167 0.001255 0.001346 0.001446 0.001559 0.001685 0.001820 0.001963 0.002118 0.002290 0.002482 0.002699 0.002939 0.003196 0.003460 0.003732 0.004021 0.004340 0.004697 0.005111 0.005595 0.006166 0.006811 0.007510 0.008237 0.009001 0.009863 0.010853 0.011920 0.013045 0.014230 0.015470 0.016830 Number surviving to age x lx 100,000 99,430 99,385 99,354 99,333 99,315 99,298 99,282 99,267 99,253 99,240 99,228 99,217 99,201 99,177 99,142 99,095 99,037 98,969 98,896 98,819 98,738 98,653 98,566 98,478 98,391 98,305 98,220 98,135 98,048 97,960 97,869 97,775 97,675 97,569 97,456 97,333 97,202 97,062 96,910 96,747 96,571 96,381 96,177 95,957 95,719 95,461 95,180 94,876 94,548 94,195 93,816 93,409 92,970 92,495 91,977 91,410 90,788 90,106 89,364 88,559 87,686 86,734 85,700 84,582 83,379 82,089 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 570 46 30 22 17 17 16 15 14 13 11 12 16 24 35 47 58 67 73 77 81 85 87 88 87 86 85 85 86 89 91 94 99 106 114 122 131 141 151 163 176 190 204 220 238 258 281 304 328 353 379 407 439 475 518 567 623 682 742 804 873 952 1,034 1,118 1,204 1,290 1,382 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 99,501 99,408 99,370 99,344 99,324 99,307 99,290 99,275 99,260 99,246 99,234 99,223 99,209 99,189 99,159 99,118 99,066 99,003 98,933 98,857 98,778 98,696 98,610 98,522 98,435 98,348 98,263 98,177 98,092 98,004 97,914 97,822 97,725 97,622 97,512 97,394 97,268 97,132 96,986 96,829 96,659 96,476 96,279 96,067 95,838 95,590 95,320 95,028 94,712 94,371 94,005 93,612 93,190 92,733 92,236 91,694 91,099 90,447 89,735 88,962 88,123 87,210 86,217 85,141 83,981 82,734 81,398 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 7,742,793 7,643,292 7,543,885 7,444,515 7,345,171 7,245,847 7,146,541 7,047,250 6,947,976 6,848,716 6,749,470 6,650,236 6,551,013 6,451,805 6,352,616 6,253,456 6,154,338 6,055,272 5,956,269 5,857,337 5,758,480 5,659,701 5,561,006 5,462,396 5,363,874 5,265,439 5,167,091 5,068,828 4,970,650 4,872,559 4,774,555 4,676,640 4,578,819 4,481,094 4,383,471 4,285,959 4,188,564 4,091,297 3,994,165 3,897,179 3,800,350 3,703,691 3,607,215 3,510,935 3,414,868 3,319,030 3,223,441 3,128,120 3,033,092 2,938,381 2,844,009 2,750,004 2,656,391 2,563,202 2,470,469 2,378,233 2,286,539 2,195,440 2,104,993 2,015,258 1,926,297 1,838,174 1,750,964 1,664,747 1,579,605 1,495,624 1,412,891 Expectation of life at age x ex 77.4 76.9 75.9 74.9 73.9 73.0 72.0 71.0 70.0 69.0 68.0 67.0 66.0 65.0 64.1 63.1 62.1 61.1 60.2 59.2 58.3 57.3 56.4 55.4 54.5 53.5 52.6 51.6 50.7 49.7 48.7 47.8 46.8 45.9 44.9 44.0 43.0 42.1 41.2 40.2 39.3 38.4 37.4 36.5 35.6 34.7 33.8 32.9 32.0 31.1 30.2 29.3 28.4 27.6 26.7 25.9 25.0 24.2 23.4 22.6 21.8 21.0 20.2 19.4 18.7 17.9 17.2 14 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 4. Life table for the white population: United States, 2000—Con. Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 67–68 . . . . . . . . 68–69 . . . . . . . . 69–70 . . . . . . . . 70–71 . . . . . . . . 71–72 . . . . . . . . 72–73 . . . . . . . . 73–74 . . . . . . . . 74–75 . . . . . . . . 75–76 . . . . . . . . 76–77 . . . . . . . . 77–78 . . . . . . . . 78–79 . . . . . . . . 79–80 . . . . . . . . 80–81 . . . . . . . . 81–82 . . . . . . . . 82–83 . . . . . . . . 83–84 . . . . . . . . 84–85 . . . . . . . . 85–86 . . . . . . . . 86–87 . . . . . . . . 87–88 . . . . . . . . 88–89 . . . . . . . . 89–90 . . . . . . . . 90–91 . . . . . . . . 91–92 . . . . . . . . 92–93 . . . . . . . . 93–94 . . . . . . . . 94–95 . . . . . . . . 95–96 . . . . . . . . 96–97 . . . . . . . . 97–98 . . . . . . . . 98–99 . . . . . . . . 99–100 . . . . . . . . 100 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.018378 0.020150 0.022104 0.024091 0.026132 0.028414 0.031032 0.033966 0.037053 0.040254 0.043818 0.047959 0.052824 0.058451 0.064799 0.071943 0.079749 0.088205 0.096874 0.106192 0.116186 0.126879 0.138293 0.150448 0.163361 0.177045 0.191511 0.206766 0.222812 0.239648 0.257267 0.275657 0.294800 1.00000 Number surviving to age x lx 80,707 79,224 77,628 75,912 74,083 72,147 70,097 67,922 65,615 63,184 60,640 57,983 55,202 52,286 49,230 46,040 42,728 39,320 35,852 32,379 28,940 25,578 22,333 19,244 16,349 13,678 11,257 9,101 7,219 5,611 4,266 3,168 2,295 1,618 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,483 1,596 1,716 1,829 1,936 2,050 2,175 2,307 2,431 2,543 2,657 2,781 2,916 3,056 3,190 3,312 3,408 3,468 3,473 3,438 3,362 3,245 3,088 2,895 2,671 2,422 2,156 1,882 1,608 1,345 1,097 873 677 1,618 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 79,966 78,426 76,770 74,997 73,115 71,122 69,010 66,768 64,399 61,912 59,312 56,593 53,744 50,758 47,635 44,384 41,024 37,586 34,115 30,660 27,259 23,955 20,788 17,797 15,014 12,467 10,179 8,160 6,415 4,938 3,717 2,732 1,957 3,818 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 1,331,492 1,251,527 1,173,101 1,096,331 1,021,333 948,218 877,096 808,087 741,318 676,919 615,007 555,695 499,102 445,358 394,600 346,965 302,581 261,557 223,971 189,855 159,196 131,936 107,981 87,193 69,396 54,382 41,915 31,736 23,577 17,162 12,223 8,506 5,774 3,818 Expectation of life at age x ex 16.5 15.8 15.1 14.4 13.8 13.1 12.5 11.9 11.3 10.7 10.1 9.6 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.1 6.7 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.4 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 15 Table 5. Life table for white males: United States, 2000 Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 0–1 . 1–2 . 2–3 . 3–4 . 4–5 . 5–6 . 6–7 . 7–8 . 8–9 . 9–10 10–11. 11–12. 12–13 13–14 14–15 15–16 16–17 17–18 18–19 19–20 20–21 21–22 22–23 23–24 24–25 25–26 26–27 27–28 28–29 29–30 30–31 31–32 32–33 33–34 34–35 35–36 36–37 37–38 38–39 39–40 40–41 41–42 42–43 43–44 44–45 45–46 46–47 47–48 48–49 49–50 50–51 51–52 52–53 53–54 54–55 55–56 56–57 57–58 58–59 59–60 60–61 61–62 62–63 63–64 64–65 65–66 66–67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.006236 0.000499 0.000344 0.000262 0.000196 0.000189 0.000182 0.000175 0.000160 0.000138 0.000121 0.000127 0.000183 0.000299 0.000457 0.000629 0.000787 0.000922 0.001025 0.001102 0.001181 0.001260 0.001310 0.001322 0.001304 0.001275 0.001252 0.001240 0.001247 0.001272 0.001303 0.001341 0.001397 0.001474 0.001568 0.001667 0.001773 0.001893 0.002031 0.002186 0.002352 0.002528 0.002729 0.002964 0.003233 0.003542 0.003876 0.004213 0.004530 0.004835 0.005152 0.005510 0.005923 0.006420 0.007017 0.007721 0.008513 0.009372 0.010264 0.011196 0.012241 0.013441 0.014749 0.016146 0.017637 0.019184 0.020868 Number surviving to age x lx 100,000 99,376 99,327 99,293 99,267 99,247 99,228 99,210 99,193 99,177 99,163 99,151 99,139 99,121 99,091 99,046 98,983 98,906 98,814 98,713 98,604 98,488 98,364 98,235 98,105 97,977 97,852 97,730 97,609 97,487 97,363 97,236 97,106 96,970 96,827 96,675 96,514 96,343 96,160 95,965 95,755 95,530 95,289 95,029 94,747 94,441 94,106 93,741 93,346 92,924 92,474 91,998 91,491 90,949 90,365 89,731 89,038 88,280 87,453 86,555 85,586 84,539 83,402 82,172 80,845 79,419 77,896 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 624 50 34 26 19 19 18 17 16 14 12 13 18 30 45 62 78 91 101 109 116 124 129 130 128 125 123 121 122 124 127 130 136 143 152 161 171 182 195 210 225 242 260 282 306 334 365 395 423 449 476 507 542 584 634 693 758 827 898 969 1,048 1,136 1,230 1,327 1,426 1,524 1,626 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 99,452 99,352 99,310 99,280 99,257 99,238 99,219 99,202 99,185 99,170 99,157 99,145 99,130 99,106 99,068 99,015 98,944 98,860 98,764 98,659 98,546 98,426 98,299 98,170 98,041 97,915 97,791 97,669 97,548 97,425 97,299 97,171 97,038 96,898 96,751 96,594 96,428 96,252 96,063 95,860 95,643 95,409 95,159 94,888 94,594 94,273 93,924 93,544 93,135 92,699 92,236 91,744 91,220 90,657 90,048 89,385 88,659 87,867 87,004 86,071 85,062 83,970 82,787 81,509 80,132 78,658 77,083 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 7,478,650 7,379,198 7,279,846 7,180,537 7,081,257 6,982,000 6,882,762 6,783,543 6,684,341 6,585,156 6,485,986 6,386,829 6,287,684 6,188,554 6,089,448 5,990,380 5,891,365 5,792,421 5,693,561 5,594,797 5,496,139 5,397,593 5,299,167 5,200,868 5,102,698 5,004,657 4,906,742 4,808,951 4,711,282 4,613,734 4,516,310 4,419,010 4,321,840 4,224,802 4,127,903 4,031,152 3,934,558 3,838,130 3,741,878 3,645,815 3,549,955 3,454,312 3,358,903 3,263,744 3,168,857 3,074,263 2,979,990 2,886,066 2,792,522 2,699,387 2,606,688 2,514,452 2,422,707 2,331,487 2,240,830 2,150,782 2,061,398 1,972,738 1,884,872 1,797,868 1,711,797 1,626,735 1,542,765 1,459,977 1,378,469 1,298,336 1,219,679 Expectation of life at age x ex 74.8 74.3 73.3 72.3 71.3 70.3 69.4 68.4 67.4 66.4 65.4 64.4 63.4 62.4 61.5 60.5 59.5 58.6 57.6 56.7 55.7 54.8 53.9 52.9 52.0 51.1 50.1 49.2 48.3 47.3 46.4 45.4 44.5 43.6 42.6 41.7 40.8 39.8 38.9 38.0 37.1 36.2 35.2 34.3 33.4 32.6 31.7 30.8 29.9 29.0 28.2 27.3 26.5 25.6 24.8 24.0 23.2 22.3 21.6 20.8 20.0 19.2 18.5 17.8 17.1 16.3 15.7 16 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 5. Life table for white males: United States, 2000—Con. Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 67–68 . . . . . . . . 68–69 . . . . . . . . 69–70 . . . . . . . . 70–71 . . . . . . . . 71–72 . . . . . . . . 72–73 . . . . . . . . 73–74 . . . . . . . . 74–75 . . . . . . . . 75–76 . . . . . . . . 76–77 . . . . . . . . 77–78 . . . . . . . . 78–79 . . . . . . . . 79–80 . . . . . . . . 80–81 . . . . . . . . 81–82 . . . . . . . . 82–83 . . . . . . . . 83–84 . . . . . . . . 84–85 . . . . . . . . 85–86 . . . . . . . . 86–87 . . . . . . . . 87–88 . . . . . . . . 88–89 . . . . . . . . 89–90 . . . . . . . . 90–91 . . . . . . . . 91–92 . . . . . . . . 92–93 . . . . . . . . 93–94 . . . . . . . . 94–95 . . . . . . . . 95–96 . . . . . . . . 96–97 . . . . . . . . 97–98 . . . . . . . . 98–99 . . . . . . . . 99–100 . . . . . . . . 100 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.022813 0.025074 0.027581 0.030135 0.032717 0.035519 0.038644 0.042097 0.045725 0.049489 0.053668 0.058525 0.064254 0.071083 0.078908 0.087489 0.096336 0.105413 0.115497 0.126243 0.137661 0.149752 0.162517 0.175949 0.190036 0.204761 0.220100 0.236024 0.252495 0.269471 0.286902 0.304732 0.322897 1.00000 Number surviving to age x lx 76,270 74,530 72,662 70,657 68,528 66,286 63,932 61,461 58,874 56,182 53,401 50,535 47,578 44,521 41,356 38,093 34,760 31,411 28,100 24,855 21,717 18,727 15,923 13,335 10,989 8,901 7,078 5,520 4,217 3,152 2,303 1,642 1,142 773 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,740 1,869 2,004 2,129 2,242 2,354 2,471 2,587 2,692 2,780 2,866 2,958 3,057 3,165 3,263 3,333 3,349 3,311 3,245 3,138 2,990 2,804 2,588 2,346 2,088 1,822 1,558 1,303 1,065 850 661 500 369 773 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 75,400 73,596 71,660 69,593 67,407 65,109 62,696 60,167 57,528 54,792 51,968 49,057 46,049 42,938 39,724 36,426 33,086 29,756 26,478 23,286 20,222 17,325 14,629 12,162 9,945 7,989 6,299 4,869 3,685 2,728 1,973 1,392 957 1,703 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 1,142,595 1,067,195 993,599 921,940 852,347 784,940 719,831 657,134 596,967 539,439 484,647 432,679 383,622 337,573 294,634 254,910 218,483 185,398 155,642 129,164 105,878 85,656 68,331 53,702 41,540 31,595 23,606 17,306 12,438 8,753 6,025 4,052 2,660 1,703 Expectation of life at age x ex 15.0 14.3 13.7 13.0 12.4 11.8 11.3 10.7 10.1 9.6 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.6 7.1 6.7 6.3 5.9 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.2 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 17 Table 6. Life table for white females: United States, 2000 Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 0–1 . 1–2 . 2–3 . 3–4 . 4–5 . 5–6 . 6–7 . 7–8 . 8–9 . 9–10 10–11. 11–12. 12–13 13–14 14–15 15–16 16–17 17–18 18–19 19–20 20–21 21–22 22–23 23–24 24–25 25–26 26–27 27–28 28–29 29–30 30–31 31–32 32–33 33–34 34–35 35–36 36–37 37–38 38–39 39–40 40–41 41–42 42–43 43–44 44–45 45–46 46–47 47–48 48–49 49–50 50–51 51–52 52–53 53–54 54–55 55–56 56–57 57–58 58–59 59–60 60–61 61–62 62–63 63–64 64–65 65–66 66–67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.005127 0.000414 0.000268 0.000178 0.000154 0.000148 0.000140 0.000134 0.000126 0.000117 0.000109 0.000112 0.000134 0.000180 0.000242 0.000312 0.000376 0.000421 0.000440 0.000438 0.000431 0.000430 0.000431 0.000437 0.000448 0.000461 0.000477 0.000494 0.000512 0.000532 0.000555 0.000586 0.000631 0.000692 0.000764 0.000839 0.000914 0.000995 0.001083 0.001178 0.001284 0.001393 0.001503 0.001613 0.001730 0.001859 0.002009 0.002191 0.002406 0.002649 0.002915 0.003200 0.003507 0.003846 0.004229 0.004679 0.005193 0.005750 0.006331 0.006946 0.007646 0.008451 0.009315 0.010213 0.011153 0.012155 0.013268 Number surviving to age x lx 100,000 99,487 99,446 99,419 99,402 99,386 99,372 99,358 99,344 99,332 99,320 99,309 99,298 99,285 99,267 99,243 99,212 99,175 99,133 99,089 99,046 99,003 98,961 98,918 98,875 98,831 98,785 98,738 98,689 98,639 98,586 98,531 98,474 98,412 98,343 98,268 98,186 98,096 97,999 97,892 97,777 97,652 97,516 97,369 97,212 97,044 96,863 96,669 96,457 96,225 95,970 95,690 95,384 95,049 94,684 94,283 93,842 93,355 92,818 92,231 91,590 90,890 90,121 89,282 88,370 87,385 86,322 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 513 41 27 18 15 15 14 13 13 12 11 11 13 18 24 31 37 42 44 43 43 43 43 43 44 46 47 49 50 52 55 58 62 68 75 82 90 98 106 115 126 136 147 157 168 180 195 212 232 255 280 306 335 366 400 441 487 537 588 641 700 768 839 912 986 1,062 1,145 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 99,550 99,467 99,433 99,411 99,394 99,379 99,365 99,351 99,338 99,326 99,315 99,304 99,292 99,276 99,255 99,228 99,193 99,154 99,111 99,068 99,025 98,982 98,939 98,896 98,853 98,808 98,761 98,714 98,664 98,612 98,559 98,503 98,443 98,377 98,306 98,227 98,141 98,047 97,945 97,835 97,714 97,584 97,442 97,290 97,128 96,954 96,766 96,563 96,341 96,097 95,830 95,537 95,217 94,867 94,484 94,063 93,599 93,087 92,524 91,910 91,240 90,506 89,702 88,826 87,877 86,854 85,750 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 7,996,958 7,897,408 7,797,941 7,698,508 7,599,098 7,499,704 7,400,325 7,300,960 7,201,609 7,102,271 7,002,944 6,903,630 6,804,326 6,705,034 6,605,758 6,506,503 6,407,275 6,308,082 6,208,928 6,109,816 6,010,749 5,911,724 5,812,742 5,713,802 5,614,906 5,516,053 5,417,245 5,318,484 5,219,770 5,121,107 5,022,494 4,923,935 4,825,433 4,726,990 4,628,613 4,530,307 4,432,080 4,333,939 4,235,891 4,137,946 4,040,111 3,942,397 3,844,813 3,747,371 3,650,081 3,552,953 3,455,999 3,359,233 3,262,670 3,166,330 3,070,232 2,974,402 2,878,865 2,783,649 2,688,782 2,594,298 2,500,235 2,406,637 2,313,550 2,221,026 2,129,115 2,037,876 1,947,370 1,857,668 1,768,842 1,680,965 1,594,111 Expectation of life at age x ex 80.0 79.4 78.4 77.4 76.4 75.5 74.5 73.5 72.5 71.5 70.5 69.5 68.5 67.5 66.5 65.6 64.6 63.6 62.6 61.7 60.7 59.7 58.7 57.8 56.8 55.8 54.8 53.9 52.9 51.9 50.9 50.0 49.0 48.0 47.1 46.1 45.1 44.2 43.2 42.3 41.3 40.4 39.4 38.5 37.5 36.6 35.7 34.7 33.8 32.9 32.0 31.1 30.2 29.3 28.4 27.5 26.6 25.8 24.9 24.1 23.2 22.4 21.6 20.8 20.0 19.2 18.5 18 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 6. Life table for white females: United States, 2000—Con. Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 67–68 . . . . . . . . 68–69 . . . . . . . . 69–70 . . . . . . . . 70–71 . . . . . . . . 71–72 . . . . . . . . 72–73 . . . . . . . . 73–74 . . . . . . . . 74–75 . . . . . . . . 75–76 . . . . . . . . 76–77 . . . . . . . . 77–78 . . . . . . . . 78–79 . . . . . . . . 79–80 . . . . . . . . 80–81 . . . . . . . . 81–82 . . . . . . . . 82–83 . . . . . . . . 83–84 . . . . . . . . 84–85 . . . . . . . . 85–86 . . . . . . . . 86–87 . . . . . . . . 87–88 . . . . . . . . 88–89 . . . . . . . . 89–90 . . . . . . . . 90–91 . . . . . . . . 91–92 . . . . . . . . 92–93 . . . . . . . . 93–94 . . . . . . . . 94–95 . . . . . . . . 95–96 . . . . . . . . 96–97 . . . . . . . . 97–98 . . . . . . . . 98–99 . . . . . . . . 99–100 . . . . . . . . 100 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.014515 0.015918 0.017458 0.019028 0.020691 0.022632 0.024950 0.027604 0.030415 0.033339 0.036614 0.040429 0.044911 0.049996 0.055706 0.062321 0.069899 0.078409 0.087027 0.096358 0.106430 0.117270 0.128900 0.141340 0.154604 0.168702 0.183640 0.199415 0.216019 0.233438 0.251649 0.270623 0.290321 1.00000 Number surviving to age x lx 85,177 83,941 82,605 81,163 79,618 77,971 76,206 74,305 72,254 70,056 67,721 65,241 62,603 59,792 56,802 53,638 50,295 46,780 43,112 39,360 35,567 31,782 28,055 24,439 20,984 17,740 14,747 12,039 9,638 7,556 5,792 4,335 3,162 2,244 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,236 1,336 1,442 1,544 1,647 1,765 1,901 2,051 2,198 2,336 2,480 2,638 2,812 2,989 3,164 3,343 3,516 3,668 3,752 3,793 3,785 3,727 3,616 3,454 3,244 2,993 2,708 2,401 2,082 1,764 1,458 1,173 918 2,244 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 84,559 83,273 81,884 80,390 78,794 77,088 75,255 73,279 71,155 68,888 66,481 63,922 61,198 58,297 55,220 51,967 48,538 44,946 41,236 37,464 33,675 29,918 26,247 22,712 19,362 16,244 13,393 10,839 8,597 6,674 5,064 3,748 2,703 5,351 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 1,508,361 1,423,802 1,340,530 1,258,646 1,178,256 1,099,461 1,022,373 947,117 873,838 802,683 733,795 667,314 603,392 542,194 483,897 428,677 376,710 328,172 283,226 241,990 204,527 170,852 140,934 114,687 91,975 72,613 56,369 42,976 32,137 23,540 16,866 11,802 8,054 5,351 Expectation of life at age x ex 17.7 17.0 16.2 15.5 14.8 14.1 13.4 12.7 12.1 11.5 10.8 10.2 9.6 9.1 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.6 6.1 5.8 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.4 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 19 Table 7. Life table for the black population: United States, 2000 Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 0–1 . 1–2 . 2–3 . 3–4 . 4–5 . 5–6 . 6–7 . 7–8 . 8–9 . 9–10 10–11. 11–12. 12–13 13–14 14–15 15–16 16–17 17–18 18–19 19–20 20–21 21–22 22–23 23–24 24–25 25–26 26–27 27–28 28–29 29–30 30–31 31–32 32–33 33–34 34–35 35–36 36–37 37–38 38–39 39–40 40–41 41–42 42–43 43–44 44–45 45–46 46–47 47–48 48–49 49–50 50–51 51–52 52–53 53–54 54–55 55–56 56–57 57–58 58–59 59–60 60–61 61–62 62–63 63–64 64–65 65–66 66–67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.014138 0.000905 0.000591 0.000377 0.000342 0.000301 0.000269 0.000243 0.000219 0.000196 0.000182 0.000191 0.000237 0.000330 0.000460 0.000604 0.000749 0.000896 0.001040 0.001182 0.001338 0.001493 0.001610 0.001670 0.001687 0.001690 0.001706 0.001735 0.001787 0.001860 0.001942 0.002030 0.002131 0.002245 0.002371 0.002502 0.002648 0.002832 0.003065 0.003344 0.003639 0.003947 0.004296 0.004702 0.005165 0.005691 0.006254 0.006824 0.007367 0.007891 0.008457 0.009085 0.009728 0.010381 0.011065 0.011808 0.012644 0.013585 0.014624 0.015733 0.016916 0.018159 0.019410 0.020643 0.021881 0.023082 0.024368 Number surviving to age x lx 100,000 98,586 98,497 98,439 98,402 98,368 98,338 98,312 98,288 98,267 98,247 98,229 98,211 98,187 98,155 98,110 98,051 97,977 97,889 97,788 97,672 97,541 97,396 97,239 97,077 96,913 96,749 96,584 96,416 96,244 96,065 95,878 95,684 95,480 95,266 95,040 94,802 94,551 94,283 93,994 93,680 93,339 92,971 92,571 92,136 91,660 91,138 90,568 89,950 89,288 88,583 87,834 87,036 86,189 85,295 84,351 83,355 82,301 81,183 79,996 78,737 77,405 76,000 74,524 72,986 71,389 69,741 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,414 89 58 37 34 30 26 24 21 19 18 19 23 32 45 59 73 88 102 116 131 146 157 162 164 164 165 168 172 179 187 195 204 214 226 238 251 268 289 314 341 368 399 435 476 522 570 618 663 705 749 798 847 895 944 996 1,054 1,118 1,187 1,259 1,332 1,406 1,475 1,538 1,597 1,648 1,699 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 98,759 98,542 98,468 98,420 98,385 98,353 98,325 98,300 98,277 98,257 98,238 98,220 98,199 98,171 98,132 98,080 98,014 97,933 97,839 97,730 97,607 97,469 97,317 97,158 96,995 96,831 96,667 96,500 96,330 96,155 95,972 95,781 95,582 95,373 95,153 94,921 94,676 94,417 94,139 93,837 93,509 93,155 92,771 92,354 91,898 91,399 90,853 90,259 89,619 88,935 88,209 87,435 86,613 85,742 84,823 83,853 82,828 81,742 80,589 79,366 78,071 76,702 75,262 73,755 72,188 70,565 68,892 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 7,170,361 7,071,602 6,973,061 6,874,593 6,776,173 6,677,788 6,579,435 6,481,110 6,382,810 6,284,532 6,186,275 6,088,037 5,989,817 5,891,618 5,793,447 5,695,314 5,597,234 5,499,220 5,401,287 5,303,448 5,205,719 5,108,112 5,010,643 4,913,326 4,816,168 4,719,173 4,622,343 4,525,676 4,429,176 4,332,846 4,236,691 4,140,719 4,044,938 3,949,356 3,853,983 3,758,831 3,663,910 3,569,233 3,474,816 3,380,678 3,286,840 3,193,331 3,100,176 3,007,405 2,915,052 2,823,154 2,731,755 2,640,901 2,550,642 2,461,023 2,372,087 2,283,879 2,196,444 2,109,831 2,024,089 1,939,267 1,855,414 1,772,586 1,690,844 1,610,255 1,530,888 1,452,817 1,376,115 1,300,853 1,227,097 1,154,910 1,084,344 Expectation of life at age x ex 71.7 71.7 70.8 69.8 68.9 67.9 66.9 65.9 64.9 64.0 63.0 62.0 61.0 60.0 59.0 58.1 57.1 56.1 55.2 54.2 53.3 52.4 51.4 50.5 49.6 48.7 47.8 46.9 45.9 45.0 44.1 43.2 42.3 41.4 40.5 39.6 38.6 37.7 36.9 36.0 35.1 34.2 33.3 32.5 31.6 30.8 30.0 29.2 28.4 27.6 26.8 26.0 25.2 24.5 23.7 23.0 22.3 21.5 20.8 20.1 19.4 18.8 18.1 17.5 16.8 16.2 15.5 20 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 7. Life table for the black population: United States, 2000—Con. Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 67–68 . . . . . . . . 68–69 . . . . . . . . 69–70 . . . . . . . . 70–71 . . . . . . . . 71–72 . . . . . . . . 72–73 . . . . . . . . 73–74 . . . . . . . . 74–75 . . . . . . . . 75–76 . . . . . . . . 76–77 . . . . . . . . 77–78 . . . . . . . . 78–79 . . . . . . . . 79–80 . . . . . . . . 80–81 . . . . . . . . 81–82 . . . . . . . . 82–83 . . . . . . . . 83–84 . . . . . . . . 84–85 . . . . . . . . 85–86 . . . . . . . . 86–87 . . . . . . . . 87–88 . . . . . . . . 88–89 . . . . . . . . 89–90 . . . . . . . . 90–91 . . . . . . . . 91–92 . . . . . . . . 92–93 . . . . . . . . 93–94 . . . . . . . . 94–95 . . . . . . . . 95–96 . . . . . . . . 96–97 . . . . . . . . 97–98 . . . . . . . . 98–99 . . . . . . . . 99–100 . . . . . . . . 100 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.025965 0.028039 0.030563 0.033343 0.036220 0.039260 0.042404 0.045654 0.049150 0.052904 0.056804 0.060898 0.065348 0.070316 0.075976 0.082457 0.089739 0.097692 0.104971 0.112672 0.120808 0.129393 0.138441 0.147962 0.157969 0.168473 0.179483 0.191007 0.203055 0.215631 0.228742 0.242390 0.256578 1.00000 Number surviving to age x lx 68,042 66,275 64,417 62,448 60,366 58,179 55,895 53,525 51,081 48,571 46,001 43,388 40,746 38,083 35,405 32,715 30,018 27,324 24,655 22,067 19,580 17,215 14,987 12,913 11,002 9,264 7,703 6,321 5,113 4,075 3,196 2,465 1,868 1,388 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,767 1,858 1,969 2,082 2,186 2,284 2,370 2,444 2,511 2,570 2,613 2,642 2,663 2,678 2,690 2,698 2,694 2,669 2,588 2,486 2,365 2,227 2,075 1,911 1,738 1,561 1,383 1,207 1,038 879 731 598 479 1,388 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 67,158 65,346 63,432 61,407 59,273 57,037 54,710 52,303 49,826 47,286 44,695 42,067 39,415 36,744 34,060 31,367 28,671 25,989 23,361 20,824 18,398 16,101 13,950 11,957 10,133 8,484 7,012 5,717 4,594 3,636 2,831 2,166 1,628 3,874 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 1,015,453 948,294 882,948 819,516 758,109 698,836 641,799 587,089 534,785 484,959 437,673 392,978 350,911 311,497 274,752 240,692 209,325 180,655 154,665 131,304 110,481 92,083 75,982 62,032 50,075 39,942 31,458 24,446 18,729 14,135 10,499 7,669 5,502 3,874 Expectation of life at age x ex 14.9 14.3 13.7 13.1 12.6 12.0 11.5 11.0 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.1 8.6 8.2 7.8 7.4 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.6 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 21 Table 8. Life table for black males: United States, 2000 Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 0–1 . 1–2 . 2–3 . 3–4 . 4–5 . 5–6 . 6–7 . 7–8 . 8–9 . 9–10 10–11. 11–12. 12–13 13–14 14–15 15–16 16–17 17–18 18–19 19–20 20–21 21–22 22–23 23–24 24–25 25–26 26–27 27–28 28–29 29–30 30–31 31–32 32–33 33–34 34–35 35–36 36–37 37–38 38–39 39–40 40–41 41–42 42–43 43–44 44–45 45–46 46–47 47–48 48–49 49–50 50–51 51–52 52–53 53–54 54–55 55–56 56–57 57–58 58–59 59–60 60–61 61–62 62–63 63–64 64–65 65–66 66–67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.015561 0.001013 0.000643 0.000426 0.000337 0.000331 0.000305 0.000280 0.000249 0.000213 0.000186 0.000193 0.000264 0.000415 0.000628 0.000862 0.001091 0.001325 0.001556 0.001783 0.002035 0.002286 0.002471 0.002555 0.002559 0.002535 0.002526 0.002528 0.002561 0.002620 0.002688 0.002761 0.002853 0.002964 0.003096 0.003236 0.003397 0.003609 0.003887 0.004226 0.004588 0.004968 0.005411 0.005938 0.006554 0.007262 0.008030 0.008824 0.009599 0.010359 0.011182 0.012094 0.013027 0.013972 0.014953 0.016018 0.017200 0.018476 0.019814 0.021181 0.022611 0.024101 0.025566 0.026963 0.028322 0.029566 0.030887 Number surviving to age x lx 100,000 98,444 98,344 98,281 98,239 98,206 98,173 98,143 98,116 98,092 98,071 98,052 98,034 98,008 97,967 97,905 97,821 97,714 97,585 97,433 97,259 97,061 96,840 96,600 96,353 96,107 95,863 95,621 95,379 95,135 94,886 94,631 94,369 94,100 93,821 93,531 93,228 92,912 92,576 92,216 91,827 91,405 90,951 90,459 89,922 89,333 88,684 87,972 87,196 86,359 85,464 84,508 83,486 82,399 81,247 80,033 78,751 77,396 75,966 74,461 72,884 71,236 69,519 67,742 65,915 64,048 62,155 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,556 100 63 42 33 33 30 28 24 21 18 19 26 41 61 84 107 129 152 174 198 222 239 247 247 244 242 242 244 249 255 261 269 279 290 303 317 335 360 390 421 454 492 537 589 649 712 776 837 895 956 1,022 1,088 1,151 1,215 1,282 1,355 1,430 1,505 1,577 1,648 1,717 1,777 1,827 1,867 1,894 1,920 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 98,632 98,394 98,313 98,260 98,222 98,190 98,158 98,130 98,104 98,081 98,062 98,043 98,021 97,987 97,936 97,863 97,768 97,650 97,509 97,346 97,160 96,950 96,720 96,477 96,230 95,985 95,742 95,500 95,257 95,010 94,758 94,500 94,235 93,961 93,676 93,380 93,070 92,744 92,396 92,022 91,616 91,178 90,705 90,191 89,627 89,008 88,328 87,584 86,777 85,911 84,986 83,997 82,943 81,823 80,640 79,392 78,073 76,681 75,213 73,672 72,060 70,377 68,630 66,828 64,982 63,101 61,195 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 6,818,559 6,719,926 6,621,532 6,523,220 6,424,960 6,326,737 6,228,548 6,130,389 6,032,260 5,934,156 5,836,075 5,738,013 5,639,970 5,541,950 5,443,962 5,346,026 5,248,163 5,150,395 5,052,745 4,955,236 4,857,890 4,760,730 4,663,779 4,567,059 4,470,582 4,374,352 4,278,367 4,182,625 4,087,125 3,991,868 3,896,857 3,802,099 3,707,599 3,613,364 3,519,403 3,425,727 3,332,347 3,239,278 3,146,534 3,054,137 2,962,116 2,870,500 2,779,321 2,688,616 2,598,426 2,508,798 2,419,790 2,331,462 2,243,879 2,157,102 2,071,190 1,986,204 1,902,207 1,819,264 1,737,441 1,656,801 1,577,409 1,499,336 1,422,655 1,347,442 1,273,769 1,201,710 1,131,332 1,062,702 995,874 930,892 867,791 Expectation of life at age x ex 68.2 68.3 67.3 66.4 65.4 64.4 63.4 62.5 61.5 60.5 59.5 58.5 57.5 56.5 55.6 54.6 53.7 52.7 51.8 50.9 49.9 49.0 48.2 47.3 46.4 45.5 44.6 43.7 42.9 42.0 41.1 40.2 39.3 38.4 37.5 36.6 35.7 34.9 34.0 33.1 32.3 31.4 30.6 29.7 28.9 28.1 27.3 26.5 25.7 25.0 24.2 23.5 22.8 22.1 21.4 20.7 20.0 19.4 18.7 18.1 17.5 16.9 16.3 15.7 15.1 14.5 14.0 22 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 8. Life table for black males: United States, 2000—Con. Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 67–68 . . . . . . . . 68–69 . . . . . . . . 69–70 . . . . . . . . 70–71 . . . . . . . . 71–72 . . . . . . . . 72–73 . . . . . . . . 73–74 . . . . . . . . 74–75 . . . . . . . . 75–76 . . . . . . . . 76–77 . . . . . . . . 77–78 . . . . . . . . 78–79 . . . . . . . . 79–80 . . . . . . . . 80–81 . . . . . . . . 81–82 . . . . . . . . 82–83 . . . . . . . . 83–84 . . . . . . . . 84–85 . . . . . . . . 85–86 . . . . . . . . 86–87 . . . . . . . . 87–88 . . . . . . . . 88–89 . . . . . . . . 89–90 . . . . . . . . 90–91 . . . . . . . . 91–92 . . . . . . . . 92–93 . . . . . . . . 93–94 . . . . . . . . 94–95 . . . . . . . . 95–96 . . . . . . . . 96–97 . . . . . . . . 97–98 . . . . . . . . 98–99 . . . . . . . . 99–100 . . . . . . . . 100 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.032633 0.035063 0.038133 0.041555 0.045064 0.048747 0.052498 0.056335 0.060496 0.065007 0.069640 0.074396 0.079459 0.085247 0.091950 0.099277 0.106783 0.114217 0.122016 0.130139 0.138583 0.147341 0.156403 0.165759 0.175395 0.185297 0.195446 0.205824 0.216409 0.227176 0.238100 0.249154 0.260306 1.00000 Number surviving to age x lx 60,235 58,269 56,226 54,082 51,835 49,499 47,086 44,614 42,101 39,554 36,982 34,407 31,847 29,317 26,817 24,352 21,934 19,592 17,354 15,237 13,254 11,417 9,735 8,212 6,851 5,649 4,603 3,703 2,941 2,304 1,781 1,357 1,019 754 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,966 2,043 2,144 2,247 2,336 2,413 2,472 2,513 2,547 2,571 2,575 2,560 2,531 2,499 2,466 2,418 2,342 2,238 2,117 1,983 1,837 1,682 1,523 1,361 1,202 1,047 900 762 636 524 424 338 265 754 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 59,252 57,248 55,154 52,958 50,667 48,292 45,850 43,357 40,827 38,268 35,695 33,127 30,582 28,067 25,585 23,143 20,763 18,473 16,295 14,245 12,335 10,576 8,974 7,532 6,250 5,126 4,153 3,322 2,623 2,043 1,569 1,188 886 2,172 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 806,596 747,344 690,096 634,942 581,984 531,317 483,025 437,175 393,818 352,991 314,723 279,028 245,901 215,319 187,252 161,667 138,524 117,762 99,289 82,993 68,748 56,412 45,837 36,863 29,331 23,081 17,955 13,802 10,480 7,858 5,815 4,246 3,058 2,172 Expectation of life at age x ex 13.4 12.8 12.3 11.7 11.2 10.7 10.3 9.8 9.4 8.9 8.5 8.1 7.7 7.3 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 23 Table 9. Life table for black females: United States, 2000 Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 0–1 . 1–2 . 2–3 . 3–4 . 4–5 . 5–6 . 6–7 . 7–8 . 8–9 . 9–10 10–11. 11–12. 12–13 13–14 14–15 15–16 16–17 17–18 18–19 19–20 20–21 21–22 22–23 23–24 24–25 25–26 26–27 27–28 28–29 29–30 30–31 31–32 32–33 33–34 34–35 35–36 36–37 37–38 38–39 39–40 40–41 41–42 42–43 43–44 44–45 45–46 46–47 47–48 48–49 49–50 50–51 51–52 52–53 53–54 54–55 55–56 56–57 57–58 58–59 59–60 60–61 61–62 62–63 63–64 64–65 65–66 66–67 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.012672 0.000792 0.000537 0.000326 0.000347 0.000271 0.000232 0.000205 0.000187 0.000178 0.000178 0.000188 0.000209 0.000242 0.000285 0.000336 0.000391 0.000449 0.000507 0.000567 0.000634 0.000705 0.000767 0.000815 0.000854 0.000894 0.000945 0.001008 0.001086 0.001176 0.001275 0.001380 0.001492 0.001608 0.001730 0.001851 0.001982 0.002140 0.002333 0.002558 0.002794 0.003037 0.003306 0.003610 0.003949 0.004330 0.004733 0.005128 0.005490 0.005829 0.006194 0.006605 0.007029 0.007468 0.007940 0.008456 0.009053 0.009768 0.010615 0.011567 0.012605 0.013702 0.014821 0.015940 0.017081 0.018231 0.019477 Number surviving to age x lx 100,000 98,733 98,655 98,602 98,569 98,535 98,509 98,486 98,466 98,447 98,430 98,412 98,394 98,373 98,349 98,321 98,288 98,250 98,206 98,156 98,100 98,038 97,969 97,894 97,814 97,730 97,643 97,551 97,452 97,347 97,232 97,108 96,974 96,829 96,674 96,506 96,328 96,137 95,931 95,707 95,462 95,196 94,907 94,593 94,251 93,879 93,473 93,030 92,553 92,045 91,509 90,942 90,341 89,706 89,036 88,329 87,582 86,789 85,942 85,029 84,046 82,986 81,849 80,636 79,351 77,996 76,574 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,267 78 53 32 34 27 23 20 18 18 18 19 21 24 28 33 38 44 50 56 62 69 75 80 84 87 92 98 106 115 124 134 145 156 167 179 191 206 224 245 267 289 314 341 372 407 442 477 508 537 567 601 635 670 707 747 793 848 912 984 1,059 1,137 1,213 1,285 1,355 1,422 1,491 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 98,890 98,694 98,628 98,586 98,552 98,522 98,497 98,476 98,456 98,438 98,421 98,403 98,383 98,361 98,335 98,305 98,269 98,228 98,181 98,128 98,069 98,003 97,931 97,854 97,772 97,687 97,597 97,502 97,399 97,289 97,170 97,041 96,902 96,751 96,590 96,417 96,232 96,034 95,819 95,585 95,329 95,051 94,750 94,422 94,065 93,676 93,252 92,792 92,299 91,777 91,225 90,641 90,024 89,371 88,683 87,956 87,186 86,366 85,485 84,538 83,516 82,418 81,243 79,994 78,673 77,285 75,828 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 7,493,035 7,394,145 7,295,452 7,196,824 7,098,238 6,999,686 6,901,164 6,802,667 6,704,191 6,605,735 6,507,296 6,408,876 6,310,473 6,212,090 6,113,729 6,015,394 5,917,089 5,818,820 5,720,593 5,622,412 5,524,284 5,426,215 5,328,212 5,230,281 5,132,427 5,034,655 4,936,968 4,839,371 4,741,870 4,644,470 4,547,181 4,450,011 4,352,970 4,256,068 4,159,317 4,062,727 3,966,310 3,870,078 3,774,044 3,678,225 3,582,640 3,487,311 3,392,260 3,297,510 3,203,088 3,109,023 3,015,347 2,922,095 2,829,303 2,737,004 2,645,227 2,554,002 2,463,361 2,373,337 2,283,966 2,195,283 2,107,328 2,020,142 1,933,776 1,848,291 1,763,753 1,680,237 1,597,819 1,516,577 1,436,583 1,357,910 1,280,625 Expectation of life at age x ex 74.9 74.9 73.9 73.0 72.0 71.0 70.1 69.1 68.1 67.1 66.1 65.1 64.1 63.1 62.2 61.2 60.2 59.2 58.3 57.3 56.3 55.3 54.4 53.4 52.5 51.5 50.6 49.6 48.7 47.7 46.8 45.8 44.9 44.0 43.0 42.1 41.2 40.3 39.3 38.4 37.5 36.6 35.7 34.9 34.0 33.1 32.3 31.4 30.6 29.7 28.9 28.1 27.3 26.5 25.7 24.9 24.1 23.3 22.5 21.7 21.0 20.2 19.5 18.8 18.1 17.4 16.7 24 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 9. Life table for black females: United States, 2000—Con. Probability of dying between ages x to x+1 Age 67–68 . . . . . . . . 68–69 . . . . . . . . 69–70 . . . . . . . . 70–71 . . . . . . . . 71–72 . . . . . . . . 72–73 . . . . . . . . 73–74 . . . . . . . . 74–75 . . . . . . . . 75–76 . . . . . . . . 76–77 . . . . . . . . 77–78 . . . . . . . . 78–79 . . . . . . . . 79–80 . . . . . . . . 80–81 . . . . . . . . 81–82 . . . . . . . . 82–83 . . . . . . . . 83–84 . . . . . . . . 84–85 . . . . . . . . 85–86 . . . . . . . . 86–87 . . . . . . . . 87–88 . . . . . . . . 88–89 . . . . . . . . 89–90 . . . . . . . . 90–91 . . . . . . . . 91–92 . . . . . . . . 92–93 . . . . . . . . 93–94 . . . . . . . . 94–95 . . . . . . . . 95–96 . . . . . . . . 96–97 . . . . . . . . 97–98 . . . . . . . . 98–99 . . . . . . . . 99–100 . . . . . . . . 100 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qx 0.020959 0.022792 0.024959 0.027327 0.029808 0.032470 0.035286 0.038253 0.041440 0.044852 0.048459 0.052342 0.056653 0.061419 0.066818 0.073187 0.080681 0.089190 0.096868 0.105050 0.113750 0.122985 0.132769 0.143115 0.154035 0.165537 0.177630 0.190319 0.203607 0.217494 0.231978 0.247052 0.262710 1.00000 Number surviving to age x lx 75,082 73,509 71,833 70,040 68,126 66,096 63,949 61,693 59,333 56,874 54,323 51,691 48,985 46,210 43,372 40,474 37,512 34,485 31,410 28,367 25,387 22,499 19,732 17,112 14,663 12,405 10,351 8,513 6,892 5,489 4,295 3,299 2,484 1,831 Number dying between ages x to x+1 dx 1,574 1,675 1,793 1,914 2,031 2,146 2,257 2,360 2,459 2,551 2,632 2,706 2,775 2,838 2,898 2,962 3,026 3,076 3,043 2,980 2,888 2,767 2,620 2,449 2,259 2,053 1,839 1,620 1,403 1,194 996 815 653 1,831 Person-years lived between ages x to x+1 Lx 74,295 72,671 70,937 69,083 67,111 65,023 62,821 60,513 58,104 55,599 53,007 50,338 47,598 44,791 41,923 38,993 35,999 32,947 29,888 26,877 23,943 21,116 18,422 15,888 13,534 11,378 9,432 7,702 6,191 4,892 3,797 2,891 2,158 4,936 Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 1,204,797 1,130,502 1,057,831 986,894 917,811 850,700 785,678 722,857 662,344 604,240 548,641 495,634 445,296 397,699 352,908 310,985 271,992 235,993 203,046 173,158 146,281 122,338 101,222 82,800 66,912 53,378 42,000 32,568 24,865 18,675 13,782 9,985 7,094 4,936 Expectation of life at age x ex 16.0 15.4 14.7 14.1 13.5 12.9 12.3 11.7 11.2 10.6 10.1 9.6 9.1 8.6 8.1 7.7 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.1 5.8 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.7 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 25 Table 10. Survivorship by age, race, and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–1902 to 1919–21, and United States, 1929–31 to 2000 [Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–31, data are for groups of registration States as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–11, 10 States and the District of Columbia; 1919–21, 34 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see Technical Notes] Number of survivors out of 100,000 born alive (lx) Age, race, and sex 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All races ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... Male 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 99,241 99,096 99,006 98,882 98,413 97,716 97,025 96,266 95,264 93,826 91,674 88,687 84,286 77,897 69,055 57,321 43,192 27,265 13,045 4,268 864 100,000 98,961 98,754 98,627 98,464 97,854 97,049 96,166 95,091 93,761 92,139 89,865 86,492 81,378 73,971 64,107 51,385 36,749 21,815 9,878 2,927 529 100,000 98,607 98,333 98,160 97,972 97,316 96,361 95,430 94,501 93,345 91,649 89,007 84,936 79,012 70,646 59,681 46,272 31,810 18,020 7,732 2,279 423 100,000 97,755 97,395 97,151 96,904 96,126 95,040 94,072 92,997 91,541 89,369 86,070 81,139 73,958 64,318 52,296 38,797 24,921 13,168 5,107 1,326 222 100,000 97,087 96,643 96,375 96,107 95,491 94,631 93,826 92,889 91,572 89,492 86,199 81,039 73,887 64,177 52,244 38,950 25,300 12,845 4,609 970 117 100,000 96,661 96,077 95,726 95,366 94,695 93,791 92,861 91,760 90,207 87,819 84,158 78,781 71,246 61,566 49,950 36,756 25,237 11,750 4,197 955 121 100,000 94,762 93,624 93,054 92,508 91,617 90,385 89,009 87,371 85,246 82,336 78,254 72,627 65,142 55,776 44,588 31,864 18,995 8,693 2,787 586 78 100,000 93,440 91,294 90,346 89,561 88,220 86,359 84,346 82,075 79,357 75,882 71,518 65,981 58,909 50,154 39,516 27,718 16,172 7,107 2,283 451 40 100,000 91,745 88,505 87,184 86,156 84,440 82,252 79,890 77,514 74,432 71,244 67,553 62,965 56,917 49,218 39,668 28,316 17,128 7,920 2,527 556 62 100,000 87,505 82,718 81,249 80,261 78,792 76,675 74,378 71,614 68,297 64,518 60,118 54,970 48,343 40,264 31,023 21,213 11,942 5,059 1,502 289 33 100,000 86,426 80,548 78,775 77,681 75,984 73,472 70,747 67,752 64,447 60,849 56,736 51,939 45,895 38,736 30,217 21,076 12,084 5,179 1,508 262 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000 100,000 99,307 99,177 99,095 98,992 98,654 98,181 97,696 97,132 96,349 95,210 93,522 91,113 87,498 82,131 74,561 64,244 51,037 34,959 18,839 7,252 1,781 1989–91 100,000 99,064 98,877 98,766 98,635 98,215 97,671 97,070 96,322 95,373 94,154 92,370 89,658 85,537 79,519 71,357 60,449 47,084 31,770 17,046 6,282 1,424 1979–81 100,000 98,740 98,495 98,347 98,196 97,741 97,110 96,477 95,808 94,926 93,599 91,526 88,348 83,726 77,107 68,248 56,799 43,180 27,960 14,154 5,043 1,150 1969–71 100,000 97,998 97,668 97,460 97,261 96,716 96,000 95,307 94,482 93,322 91,587 88,972 85,110 79,529 71,933 61,984 49,705 35,285 20,908 9,297 2,786 542 1959–61 100,000 97,407 96,998 96,765 96,551 96,111 95,517 94,905 94,144 93,064 91,378 88,756 84,711 79,067 71,147 60,857 48,170 33,576 18,542 7,080 1,524 183 1949–51 100,000 97,024 96,482 96,177 95,885 95,366 94,676 93,919 92,976 91,648 89,634 86,591 82,176 75,921 67,555 56,987 43,903 29,313 15,785 6,144 1,511 199 1939–41 100,000 95,290 94,220 93,710 93,235 92,435 91,335 90,078 88,573 86,650 84,069 80,487 75,557 68,924 60,366 49,655 36,735 22,883 11,073 3,796 857 123 1929–31 100,000 94,028 91,978 91,106 90,385 89,089 87,269 85,302 83,118 80,557 77,343 73,321 68,182 61,563 53,195 42,768 30,789 18,580 8,542 2,998 636 62 1919–21 100,000 92,515 83,389 88,129 87,144 85,441 83,146 80,642 77,961 75,114 72,036 68,429 63,947 58,079 50,560 41,090 29,729 18,298 8,683 2,941 646 67 1909–11 100,000 88,538 83,887 82,458 81,506 80,074 78,046 75,779 73,127 70,042 66,561 62,460 57,555 51,138 43,194 33,816 23,552 13,712 6,001 1,868 361 40 1900–1902 100,000 87,552 81,804 80,052 78,963 77,239 74,768 72,043 69,078 65,890 62,436 58,514 53,852 47,946 40,911 32,390 22,960 13,529 6,053 1,867 344 31 Female 0 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 99,376 99,261 99,189 99,107 98,909 98,671 98,392 98,021 97,460 96,623 95,398 93,561 100,000 99,172 99,006 98,911 98,814 98,597 98,325 98,013 97,596 97,033 96,222 94,932 92,881 100,000 98,880 98,666 98,544 98,432 98,184 97,883 97,551 97,140 96,531 95,570 94,060 91,760 100,000 98,254 97,955 97,784 97,636 97,331 96,966 96,544 95,966 95,097 93,793 91,852 89,066 100,000 97,744 97,371 97,173 97,016 96,756 96,418 95,996 95,409 94,560 93,265 91,327 88,451 100,000 97,406 96,908 96,652 96,431 96,066 95,583 94,933 94,206 93,101 91,469 89,075 85,694 100,000 95,848 94,848 94,402 94,000 93,293 92,322 91,182 89,810 88,092 85,856 82,828 78,708 100,000 94,728 92,789 92,008 91,364 90,116 88,328 86,398 84,304 81,927 79,041 75,456 70,832 100,000 93,383 90,380 89,186 88,247 86,556 84,135 81,463 78,713 75,907 72,954 69,452 65,099 100,000 89,623 85,117 83,728 82,813 81,418 79,481 77,247 74,719 71,894 68,755 65,001 60,392 100,000 88,733 83,119 81,390 80,307 78,555 76,119 73,394 70,463 67,407 64,121 60,415 55,908 See footnote at end of table. 26 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 10. Survivorship by age, race, and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–1902 to 1919–21, and United States, 1929–31 to 2000—Con. [Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–31, data are for groups of registration States as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–11, 10 States and the District of Columbia; 1919–21, 34 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see Technical Notes] Number of survivors out of 100,000 born alive (lx) Age, race, and sex Female—Con. 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,716 86,344 79,983 70,983 58,563 42,145 23,936 9,669 2,479 89,742 85,075 78,522 69,287 56,986 41,115 23,666 9,346 2,251 88,414 83,520 76,720 67,186 54,372 37,772 20,578 7,862 1,927 85,139 79,698 71,955 61,107 46,445 29,538 14,160 4,565 954 84,430 78,462 70,100 58,394 43,063 25,269 10,056 2,193 264 80,890 74,119 64,873 52,111 36,486 20,668 8,548 2,207 298 73,093 65,523 55,449 42,425 27,524 13,972 5,044 1,195 179 64,795 56,924 46,774 34,600 21,578 10,322 3,656 807 82 59,438 52,126 42,741 31,344 19,613 9,515 3,314 728 72 54,226 46,438 36,916 26,155 15,682 7,051 2,269 441 49 50,155 43,246 34,721 24,994 15,129 7,063 2,306 452 43 2000 1989–91 1979–81 1969–71 1959–61 1949–51 1939–41 1929–31 1919–21 1909–11 1900–1902 White 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 99,430 99,315 99,240 99,142 98,819 98,391 97,960 97,456 96,747 95,719 94,195 91,977 88,559 83,379 75,912 65,615 52,286 35,852 19,244 7,219 1,618 100,000 99,233 99,068 98,966 98,843 98,455 97,972 97,451 96,810 96,000 94,932 93,326 90,833 86,943 81,123 73,106 62,175 48,583 32,850 17,571 6,416 1,423 100,000 98,898 98,675 98,536 98,391 97,939 97,340 96,774 96,192 95,427 94,257 92,384 89,427 85,031 78,585 69,801 58,299 44,409 28,768 14,471 5,067 1,105 100,000 98,224 97,930 97,733 97,546 97,036 96,406 95,824 95,152 94,190 92,681 90,306 86,688 81,323 73,889 63,991 51,586 36,659 21,578 9,433 2,743 487 100,000 97,714 97,353 97,131 96,928 96,508 95,965 95,440 94,798 93,870 92,374 89,958 86,173 80,811 73,102 62,834 49,895 34,697 19,017 7,149 1,521 183 100,000 97,278 96,790 96,502 96,228 95,763 95,169 94,536 93,750 92,616 90,847 88,110 84,027 78,066 69,850 59,189 45,688 30,438 16,239 6,201 1,500 196 100,000 95,685 94,713 94,228 93,792 93,117 92,213 91,185 89,941 88,318 86,069 82,833 78,218 71,785 63,201 52,165 38,610 23,976 11,483 3,819 801 98 100,000 94,392 92,466 91,627 90,982 89,933 88,454 86,836 85,004 82,803 79,989 76,340 71,551 65,100 56,655 45,841 33,406 20,260 9,325 3,066 636 58 100,000 92,780 89,771 88,536 87,633 86,159 84,106 81,787 79,277 76,642 73,705 70,250 65,875 60,013 52,411 42,736 31,086 19,149 9,078 2,991 643 62 100,000 88,709 84,147 82,734 81,816 80,407 78,392 76,167 73,568 70,525 67,090 62,994 58,163 51,822 43,904 34,484 24,151 14,100 6,178 1,918 364 38 100,000 87,762 82,071 80,371 79,344 77,998 75,202 72,317 69,522 66,082 62,920 58,647 54,450 48,288 41,505 32,902 23,356 13,794 6,192 1,919 355 31 White male 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 99,376 99,247 99,163 99,046 98,604 97,977 97,363 96,675 95,755 94,441 92,474 89,731 85,586 79,419 70,657 58,874 44,521 28,100 13,335 4,217 773 100,000 99,138 98,956 98,839 98,686 98,134 97,430 96,662 95,731 94,588 93,167 91,124 88,022 83,182 75,962 66,181 53,308 38,245 22,720 10,214 2,988 523 100,000 98,769 98,519 98,357 98,176 97,525 96,616 95,783 94,980 93,984 92,494 90,105 86,303 80,625 72,393 61,384 47,712 32,788 18,538 7,891 2,279 404 100,000 97,994 97,671 97,441 97,208 96,480 95,524 94,716 93,843 92,631 90,725 87,690 83,001 75,969 66,343 54,138 40,324 25,885 13,527 5,125 1,274 189 100,000 97,408 97,015 96,758 96,503 95,908 95,106 94,401 93,589 92,427 90,533 87,424 82,463 75,485 65,834 53,825 40,207 25,993 13,065 4,600 956 115 100,000 96,931 96,403 96,069 95,728 95,104 94,294 93,489 92,543 91,173 89,002 85,601 80,496 73,172 63,541 51,735 38,104 24,005 12,015 4,209 942 118 100,000 95,188 94,150 93,601 93,089 92,293 91,241 90,092 88,713 86,880 84,285 80,521 75,156 67,787 58,305 46,739 33,404 19,860 9,013 2,812 552 65 100,000 93,768 91,738 90,810 90,074 88,904 87,371 85,707 83,812 81,457 78,345 74,288 68,981 61,933 52,964 41,880 29,471 17,221 7,572 2,356 461 40 100,000 91,975 88,842 87,530 86,546 84,997 83,061 80,888 78,441 75,733 72,696 69,107 64,574 58,498 50,663 40,873 29,205 17,655 8,154 2,568 556 61 100,000 87,674 82,972 81,519 80,549 79,116 77,047 74,810 72,108 68,848 65,115 60,741 55,622 48,987 40,862 31,527 21,585 12,160 5,145 1,523 289 31 100,000 86,655 80,864 79,109 78,037 76,376 73,907 71,219 68,245 64,954 61,369 57,274 52,491 46,452 39,245 30,640 21,387 12,266 5,252 1,523 263 22 See footnote at end of table. National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 27 Table 10. Survivorship by age, race, and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–1902 to 1919–21, and United States, 1929–31 to 2000—Con. [Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–31, data are for groups of registration States as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–11, 10 States and the District of Columbia; 1919–21, 34 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see Technical Notes] Number of survivors out of 100,000 born alive (lx) Age, race, and sex White female 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 99,487 99,386 99,320 99,243 99,046 98,831 98,586 98,268 97,777 97,044 95,970 94,283 91,590 87,385 81,163 72,254 59,792 43,112 24,439 9,638 2,244 100,000 99,333 99,187 99,099 99,007 98,795 98,547 98,283 97,939 97,472 96,768 95,608 93,730 90,789 86,339 79,984 70,834 58,454 42,274 24,270 9,495 2,239 100,000 99,035 98,841 98,725 98,618 98,374 98,093 97,802 97,445 96,913 96,065 94,710 92,594 89,451 84,764 78,139 68,712 55,770 38,774 20,996 7,900 1,858 100,000 98,468 98,203 98,042 97,902 97,618 97,299 96,945 96,474 95,762 94,649 92,924 90,383 86,726 81,579 74,101 63,290 48,182 30,490 14,406 4,526 872 100,000 98,036 97,709 97,525 97,375 97,135 96,844 96,499 96,026 95,326 94,228 92,522 89,967 86,339 80,739 72,507 60,461 44,676 26,046 10,219 2,203 265 100,000 97,645 97,199 96,960 96,756 96,454 96,072 95,605 94,977 94,080 92,725 90,685 87,699 83,279 76,773 67,545 54,397 38,026 21,348 8,662 2,200 294 100,000 96,211 95,309 94,890 94,534 93,984 93,228 92,320 91,211 89,805 87,920 85,267 81,520 76,200 68,701 58,363 44,685 28,882 14,487 5,061 1,109 139 100,000 95,037 93,216 92,466 91,894 90,939 89,524 87,972 86,248 84,256 81,780 78,572 74,321 68,462 60,499 49,932 37,024 23,053 10,937 3,719 797 74 100,000 93,608 90,721 89,564 88,712 87,281 85,163 82,740 80,206 77,624 74,871 71,547 67,323 61,704 54,299 44,638 32,777 20,492 9,909 3,372 721 63 100,000 89,774 85,349 83,979 83,093 81,750 79,865 77,676 75,200 72,425 69,341 65,629 61,053 54,900 47,086 37,482 26,569 15,929 7,152 2,291 434 44 100,000 88,939 83,426 81,723 80,680 78,978 76,588 73,887 70,971 67,935 64,677 61,005 56,509 50,752 43,806 35,206 25,362 15,349 7,149 2,322 448 41 2000 1989–91 1979–81 1969–71 1959–61 1949–51 1939–41 1929–31 1919–21 1909–11 1900–1902 Black1 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 98,586 98,368 98,247 98,110 97,672 96,913 96,065 95,040 93,680 91,660 88,583 84,351 78,737 71,389 62,448 51,081 38,083 24,655 12,913 5,113 1,388 100,000 98,187 97,884 97,720 97,539 96,925 95,972 94,809 93,260 91,239 88,689 85,285 80,635 74,335 66,154 56,192 44,872 33,149 21,352 11,646 4,729 1,376 100,000 97,885 97,522 97,322 97,134 96,652 95,804 94,680 93,288 91,439 88,834 85,044 79,816 72,913 64,391 54,617 43,274 31,711 19,939 10,713 4,463 1,360 100,000 96,731 96,207 95,928 95,661 94,887 93,513 91,934 89,977 87,304 83,700 78,938 72,826 65,250 56,102 45,785 34,262 23,710 15,044 8,087 3,252 1,036 100,000 95,732 95,051 94,745 94,460 93,880 92,925 91,699 90,046 87,766 84,501 80,172 73,893 65,795 56,038 45,434 34,531 24,815 15,337 7,195 1,777 214 100,000 95,407 94,482 94,060 93,646 92,738 91,321 89,584 87,402 84,478 80,507 74,976 67,660 58,593 48,649 38,616 28,968 20,003 12,433 6,394 2,010 301 100,000 92,584 90,983 90,339 89,591 87,839 85,210 82,194 78,683 74,466 69,284 62,702 54,846 46,318 37,838 29,654 21,798 14,408 8,326 4,077 1,557 399 100,000 92,035 89,303 88,258 87,156 84,386 80,320 75,962 71,141 65,974 59,827 53,141 45,558 37,654 30,015 22,505 15,546 9,589 4,900 2,044 638 120 100,000 90,379 86,174 84,690 83,180 79,641 74,973 70,492 65,865 61,244 56,442 51,422 45,803 39,418 32,738 25,585 18,011 11,376 5,794 2,317 689 129 100,000 79,784 70,691 68,437 66,410 63,165 59,608 56,112 52,125 47,866 43,054 37,800 32,233 26,046 19,806 14,021 9,139 5,158 2,414 913 324 77 100,000 76,609 66,222 63,410 61,060 57,931 54,512 51,287 48,007 44,518 40,628 36,103 31,404 25,698 20,474 14,960 9,956 5,750 2,782 1,054 296 57 Black male1 0 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 98,444 98,206 98,071 97,905 97,259 96,107 94,886 93,531 91,827 89,333 85,464 80,033 100,000 98,023 97,688 97,501 97,268 96,301 94,809 93,070 90,827 87,948 84,467 79,984 74,095 100,000 97,703 97,300 97,061 96,826 96,132 94,827 93,125 91,080 88,490 84,997 80,065 73,413 100,000 96,394 95,826 95,497 95,161 94,053 91,904 89,584 86,885 83,441 78,976 73,282 66,101 100,000 95,301 94,570 94,234 93,874 93,108 91,825 90,270 88,331 85,744 82,075 77,239 70,351 100,000 94,911 93,921 93,453 92,965 91,941 90,285 88,327 85,940 82,832 78,686 72,891 65,122 100,000 91,772 90,082 89,393 88,610 86,968 84,227 80,979 77,221 72,780 67,346 60,495 52,426 100,000 91,268 88,412 87,311 86,152 83,621 79,516 75,083 70,049 64,710 58,432 51,748 44,436 100,000 89,499 85,195 83,768 82,332 79,057 74,540 70,344 65,873 61,353 56,589 51,880 46,581 100,000 78,065 68,589 66,377 64,478 61,426 57,736 54,073 49,865 45,414 40,563 35,427 29,754 100,000 74,674 64,385 61,730 59,667 56,733 53,285 49,867 46,541 42,989 39,230 34,766 29,987 See footnote at end of table. 28 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 10. Survivorship by age, race, and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–1902 to 1919–21, and United States, 1929–31 to 2000—Con. [Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–31, data are for groups of registration States as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–11, 10 States and the District of Columbia; 1919–21, 34 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see Technical Notes] Number of survivors out of 100,000 born alive (lx) Age, race, and sex Black male1—Con. 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,884 64,048 54,082 42,101 29,317 17,354 8,212 2,941 754 66,334 56,795 45,690 33,755 22,549 12,709 5,972 1,971 466 64,980 55,061 44,213 32,717 22,017 12,383 5,708 2,009 513 57,457 47,485 36,925 25,921 16,560 9,648 4,696 1,721 489 61,669 51,392 39,914 29,064 19,994 11,620 5,174 1,240 149 55,535 45,198 35,018 25,472 16,904 9,898 4,642 1,342 192 43,833 35,371 27,236 19,456 12,186 6,444 2,836 961 209 36,790 29,314 21,741 14,419 8,239 3,660 1,246 307 41 40,506 34,042 26,923 18,854 11,615 5,605 2,040 552 77 23,750 17,806 12,295 7,494 3,894 1,747 595 189 40 24,194 19,015 13,829 8,892 4,831 2,030 634 137 18 2000 1989–91 1979–81 1969–71 1959–61 1949–51 1939–41 1929–31 1919–21 1909–11 1900–1902 Black female1 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,000 98,733 98,535 98,430 98,321 98,100 97,730 97,232 96,506 95,462 93,879 91,509 88,329 84,046 77,996 70,040 59,333 46,210 31,410 17,112 6,892 1,831 100,000 98,356 98,087 97,946 97,818 97,566 97,140 96,514 95,599 94,364 92,676 90,277 86,793 81,886 75,031 66,278 55,684 43,622 30,089 17,536 7,687 2,364 100,000 98,073 97,751 97,590 97,450 97,180 96,754 96,150 95,338 94,137 92,322 89,563 85,653 80,293 73,266 64,729 53,831 41,686 28,004 16,260 7,312 2,398 100,000 97,076 96,598 96,369 96,172 95,729 95,035 94,114 92,807 90,817 88,001 84,168 79,177 72,820 64,716 54,873 43,193 31,756 21,358 12,210 5,217 1,803 100,000 96,172 95,543 95,265 95,057 94,660 94,005 93,070 91,670 89,676 86,793 82,979 77,362 69,941 60,825 51,274 40,540 30,315 19,744 9,675 2,438 293 100,000 95,913 95,055 94,679 94,343 93,544 92,336 90,799 88,805 86,052 82,257 77,007 70,196 61,758 52,358 42,612 32,981 23,712 15,550 8,590 2,875 445 100,000 93,416 91,906 91,308 90,594 88,736 86,198 83,384 80,092 76,084 71,157 64,885 57,314 48,928 40,504 32,354 24,502 17,039 10,622 5,652 2,345 659 100,000 92,796 90,185 89,201 88,088 85,078 81,067 76,816 72,192 67,271 61,365 54,920 47,074 38,761 30,852 23,341 16,576 10,822 6,033 2,774 941 193 100,000 91,251 87,149 85,607 83,954 80,154 75,359 70,633 65,857 61,130 56,230 50,780 44,742 37,954 31,044 24,107 17,216 11,151 5,972 2,579 818 179 100,000 81,493 72,768 70,508 68,218 64,764 61,430 58,281 54,595 50,568 45,947 40,886 35,415 28,908 22,302 15,871 10,657 6,324 3,029 1,206 448 112 100,000 78,525 68,056 65,111 62,384 59,053 55,795 52,773 49,567 46,146 42,279 37,681 33,124 27,524 21,995 16,140 11,066 6,708 3,567 1,492 462 97 For 1939–41 and 1949–51, data shown are for the entire nonwhite population. During these periods, life tables were not constructed for the black population. See Technical Notes. National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 29 Table 11. Life expectancy by age, race, and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–1902 to 1919–21, and United States, 1929–31 to 2000 [Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–31, data are for groups of registration States as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–11, 10 States and the District of Columbia; 1919–21, 34 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see Technical Notes] Average number of years of life remaining (ex) Age, race, and sex All races 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.9 76.4 72.5 67.6 62.6 57.8 53.1 48.3 43.6 38.9 34.4 30.0 25.7 21.6 17.9 14.4 11.3 8.6 6.3 4.7 3.5 2.6 75.37 75.08 71.22 66.29 61.38 56.63 51.93 47.23 42.58 37.98 33.44 29.03 24.83 20.90 17.28 13.96 11.00 8.40 6.23 4.50 3.29 2.46 73.88 73.82 70.00 65.10 60.19 55.46 50.81 46.12 41.43 36.79 32.27 27.94 23.85 20.02 16.51 13.32 10.48 7.98 5.96 4.43 3.34 2.73 70.75 71.19 67.43 62.57 57.69 53.00 48.37 43.71 39.07 34.52 30.12 25.93 21.99 18.34 15.00 12.00 9.32 7.10 5.28 3.94 3.06 2.62 69.89 70.75 67.04 62.19 57.33 52.58 47.89 43.18 38.51 33.92 29.50 25.29 21.37 17.71 14.39 11.38 8.71 6.39 4.58 3.22 2.43 1.91 68.07 69.16 65.54 60.74 55.91 51.20 46.56 41.91 37.31 32.81 28.49 24.40 20.57 17.04 13.83 10.92 8.40 6.34 4.69 3.44 2.54 1.92 63.62 65.76 62.49 57.82 53.10 48.54 44.09 39.67 35.30 31.03 26.90 22.98 19.31 15.91 12.80 10.00 7.62 5.73 4.31 3.30 2.61 2.13 59.20 61.94 59.29 54.84 50.25 45.94 41.85 37.75 33.68 29.67 25.79 22.06 18.53 15.24 12.23 9.58 7.32 5.50 4.19 3.15 2.26 1.51 56.40 59.94 57.99 53.79 49.37 45.30 41.47 37.68 33.89 30.08 26.25 22.50 18.90 15.54 12.47 9.74 7.49 5.63 4.21 3.22 2.32 1.53 51.49 57.11 56.21 52.15 47.73 43.53 39.60 35.70 31.90 28.20 24.54 20.98 17.55 14.42 11.60 9.11 6.99 5.25 4.00 3.03 2.35 1.85 49.24 55.20 54.98 51.14 46.81 42.79 39.12 35.51 31.92 28.34 24.77 21.26 17.88 14.76 11.86 9.30 7.08 5.30 3.96 2.95 2.18 1.58 2000 1989–91 1979–81 1969–71 1959–61 1949–51 1939–41 1929–31 1919–21 1909–11 1900–1902 Male 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 73.7 69.8 64.9 59.9 55.2 50.6 45.9 41.3 36.7 32.2 27.9 23.8 19.9 16.3 13.0 10.1 7.6 5.6 4.1 3.1 2.4 71.83 71.58 67.73 62.81 57.91 53.25 48.67 44.10 39.57 35.09 30.66 26.37 22.30 18.53 15.12 12.05 9.39 7.12 5.31 3.89 2.92 2.25 70.11 70.10 66.29 61.41 56.52 51.88 47.37 42.81 38.20 33.64 29.22 25.00 21.08 17.46 14.21 11.35 8.90 6.80 5.13 3.89 2.98 2.49 67.04 67.58 63.82 58.98 54.12 49.54 45.07 40.51 35.95 31.48 27.18 23.12 19.36 15.99 12.99 10.39 8.13 6.27 4.73 3.60 2.82 2.43 66.80 67.80 64.10 59.27 54.43 49.77 45.19 40.56 35.94 31.42 27.09 23.02 19.32 15.94 12.95 10.33 7.99 5.95 4.39 3.18 2.43 1.91 65.47 66.73 63.12 58.35 53.56 48.92 44.36 39.78 35.23 30.79 26.55 22.59 18.96 15.68 12.74 10.11 7.83 5.94 4.41 3.30 2.49 1.92 61.60 64.00 60.76 56.12 51.43 46.91 42.51 38.13 33.79 29.57 25.52 21.72 18.20 14.99 12.07 9.46 7.22 5.44 4.11 3.17 2.52 2.05 57.71 60.75 58.14 53.75 49.18 44.88 40.79 36.71 32.65 28.68 24.87 21.25 17.79 14.62 11.72 9.18 7.02 5.27 4.02 3.06 2.21 1.50 55.50 59.47 57.60 53.44 49.05 44.99 41.11 37.26 33.43 29.63 25.84 22.11 18.53 15.22 12.20 9.52 7.31 5.49 4.10 3.21 2.38 1.58 49.86 55.95 55.11 51.07 46.66 42.48 38.59 34.70 30.94 27.32 23.77 20.32 16.98 13.95 11.24 8.83 6.75 5.10 3.90 3.01 2.36 1.81 47.88 54.35 54.22 50.39 46.06 42.03 38.38 34.76 31.19 27.65 24.14 20.70 17.38 14.33 11.50 9.02 6.84 5.11 3.82 2.86 2.13 1.55 Female 0 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.5 79.0 75.1 70.1 65.2 60.3 55.4 50.6 45.8 41.0 36.3 31.8 27.4 78.81 78.47 74.60 69.67 64.73 59.87 55.03 50.19 45.40 40.65 35.97 31.42 27.05 77.62 77.50 73.67 68.75 63.83 58.98 54.16 49.33 44.53 39.80 35.17 30.69 26.39 74.64 74.97 71.19 66.31 61.41 56.59 51.80 47.01 42.28 37.64 33.13 28.77 24.59 73.24 73.93 70.21 65.35 60.45 55.60 50.79 46.00 41.27 36.61 32.09 27.71 23.53 70.96 71.84 68.21 63.38 58.52 53.73 48.99 44.28 39.63 35.06 30.64 26.40 22.33 65.89 67.73 64.43 59.73 54.97 50.37 45.87 41.41 37.01 32.68 28.46 24.40 20.54 60.90 65.37 60.66 56.16 51.54 47.21 43.11 39.02 34.92 30.86 26.89 23.05 19.38 57.40 60.45 58.41 54.16 49.71 45.63 41.86 38.15 34.40 30.58 26.71 22.92 19.28 53.24 58.37 57.39 53.31 48.87 44.66 40.69 36.79 32.95 29.15 25.36 21.67 18.13 50.70 56.10 55.80 51.94 47.60 43.60 39.92 36.30 32.71 29.08 25.44 21.84 18.39 See footnote at end of table. 30 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 11. Life expectancy by age, race, and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–1902 to 1919–21, and United States, 1929–31 to 2000—Con. [Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–31, data are for groups of registration States as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–11, 10 States and the District of Columbia; 1919–21, 34 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see Technical Notes] Average number of years of life remaining (ex) Age, race, and sex 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . Female—Con. ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... White 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.4 76.9 73.0 68.0 63.1 58.3 53.5 48.7 44.0 39.3 34.7 30.2 25.9 21.8 17.9 14.4 11.3 8.5 6.2 4.5 3.3 2.4 76.13 75.72 71.84 66.92 61.99 57.23 52.50 47.76 43.06 38.41 33.81 29.34 25.08 21.08 17.40 14.02 11.03 8.39 6.20 4.46 3.25 2.43 74.53 74.35 70.52 65.62 60.71 55.98 51.30 46.59 41.86 37.17 32.60 28.21 24.05 20.16 16.59 13.35 10.47 7.95 5.90 4.36 3.25 2.62 71.62 71.91 68.12 63.26 58.37 53.66 49.00 44.28 39.58 34.95 30.48 26.21 22.19 18.48 15.08 12.01 9.27 7.01 5.19 3.84 2.92 2.41 70.73 71.38 67.64 62.79 57.92 53.16 48.44 43.69 38.97 34.33 29.84 25.57 21.58 17.84 14.44 11.37 8.65 6.33 4.53 3.20 2.43 1.91 69.02 69.95 66.29 61.48 56.65 51.91 47.22 42.52 37.86 33.29 28.88 24.70 20.77 17.15 13.86 10.89 8.34 6.27 4.62 3.41 2.53 1.92 64.92 66.84 63.52 58.83 54.09 49.47 44.92 40.40 35.93 31.54 27.29 23.26 19.47 15.98 12.80 9.96 7.55 5.64 4.20 3.16 2.45 1.95 60.86 63.46 60.75 56.29 51.69 47.28 43.02 38.76 34.50 30.33 26.29 22.42 18.75 15.37 12.28 9.58 7.30 5.45 4.12 3.10 2.22 1.48 57.42 60.87 58.86 54.65 50.21 46.04 42.07 38.17 34.27 30.38 26.45 22.64 18.97 15.57 12.47 9.72 7.47 5.59 4.15 3.17 2.28 1.50 51.90 57.46 56.51 52.43 48.01 43.77 39.79 35.86 32.03 28.29 24.60 21.01 17.57 14.43 11.60 9.10 6.98 5.22 3.97 3.00 2.29 1.71 49.64 55.47 55.18 51.34 47.01 43.17 39.26 35.51 32.01 28.28 24.82 21.18 17.91 14.73 11.87 9.31 7.08 5.30 3.95 2.93 2.16 1.56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000 23.1 19.2 15.5 12.1 9.1 6.7 4.8 3.5 2.7 1989–91 22.90 19.02 15.38 12.08 9.13 6.66 4.73 3.40 2.52 1979–81 22.29 18.44 14.84 11.58 8.69 6.38 4.66 3.48 2.81 1969–71 20.60 16.83 13.35 10.26 7.68 5.63 4.14 3.18 2.69 1959–61 19.52 15.80 12.37 9.33 6.72 4.71 3.25 2.43 1.91 1949–51 18.50 14.95 11.71 8.94 6.67 4.90 3.54 2.57 1.93 1939–41 16.92 13.57 10.56 8.01 5.99 4.47 3.39 2.67 2.17 1929–31 15.94 12.78 9.99 7.61 5.70 4.32 3.24 2.30 1.52 1919–21 15.87 12.73 9.96 7.65 5.75 4.30 3.23 2.27 1.48 1909–11 14.90 11.96 9.38 7.20 5.37 4.08 3.05 2.34 1.91 1900–1902 15.21 12.22 9.59 7.34 5.51 4.12 3.04 2.24 1.61 White male 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.8 74.3 70.3 65.4 60.5 55.7 51.1 46.4 41.7 37.1 32.6 28.2 24.0 20.0 16.3 13.0 10.1 7.6 5.5 4.0 2.9 2.2 72.72 72.35 68.48 63.55 58.65 53.96 49.33 44.71 40.12 35.57 31.07 26.71 22.56 18.71 15.24 12.11 9.40 7.11 5.28 3.85 2.88 2.21 70.82 70.70 66.87 61.98 57.09 52.45 47.92 43.31 38.66 34.04 29.55 25.26 21.25 17.56 14.26 11.35 8.87 6.76 5.09 3.83 2.91 2.41 67.94 68.33 64.55 59.69 54.83 50.22 45.70 41.07 36.43 31.87 27.48 23.34 19.51 16.07 13.02 10.38 8.06 6.18 4.63 3.49 2.67 2.20 67.55 68.34 64.61 59.78 54.93 50.25 45.65 40.97 36.31 31.73 27.34 23.22 19.45 16.01 12.97 10.29 7.92 5.89 4.34 3.16 2.43 1.91 66.31 67.41 63.77 58.98 54.18 49.52 44.93 40.29 35.68 31.17 26.87 22.83 19.11 15.76 12.75 10.07 7.77 5.88 4.35 3.27 2.48 1.92 62.81 64.98 61.68 57.03 52.33 47.76 43.28 38.80 34.36 30.03 25.87 21.96 18.34 15.05 12.07 9.42 7.17 5.38 4.02 3.06 2.40 1.96 59.12 62.04 59.38 54.96 50.39 46.02 41.78 37.54 33.33 29.22 25.28 21.51 17.97 14.72 11.77 9.20 7.02 5.26 3.99 3.03 2.19 1.49 56.34 60.24 58.31 54.15 49.74 45.60 41.60 37.65 33.74 29.86 26.00 22.22 18.59 15.25 12.21 9.51 7.30 5.47 4.06 3.18 2.36 1.58 50.23 56.26 55.37 51.32 46.91 42.71 38.79 34.87 31.08 27.43 23.86 20.39 17.03 13.98 11.25 8.83 6.75 5.09 3.88 2.99 2.31 1.68 48.23 54.61 54.43 50.59 46.25 42.19 38.52 34.88 31.29 27.74 24.21 20.76 17.42 14.35 11.51 9.03 6.84 5.10 3.81 2.85 2.12 1.55 See footnote at end of table. National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 31 Table 11. Life expectancy by age, race, and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–1902 to 1919–21, and United States, 1929–31 to 2000—Con. [Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–31, data are for groups of registration States as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–11, 10 States and the District of Columbia; 1919–21, 34 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see Technical Notes] Average number of years of life remaining (ex) Age, race, and sex White female 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.0 79.4 75.5 70.5 65.6 60.7 55.8 50.9 46.1 41.3 36.6 32.0 27.5 23.2 19.2 15.5 12.1 9.1 6.6 4.7 3.3 2.4 79.45 78.99 75.10 70.16 65.23 60.36 55.51 50.65 45.82 41.03 36.30 31.71 27.29 23.09 19.14 15.46 12.11 9.12 6.62 4.69 3.36 2.49 78.22 77.98 74.13 69.21 64.29 59.44 54.60 49.76 44.93 40.16 35.49 30.96 26.61 22.45 18.55 14.89 11.58 8.65 6.32 4.59 3.39 2.70 75.49 75.66 71.86 66.97 62.07 57.24 52.42 47.60 42.82 38.12 33.54 29.11 24.85 20.79 16.93 13.37 10.21 7.59 5.54 4.05 3.04 2.49 74.19 74.68 70.92 66.05 61.15 56.29 51.45 46.63 41.84 37.13 32.53 28.08 23.81 19.69 15.88 12.38 9.28 6.67 4.66 3.23 2.43 1.91 72.03 72.77 69.09 64.26 59.39 54.56 49.77 45.00 40.28 35.64 31.12 26.76 22.58 18.64 15.00 11.68 8.87 6.59 4.83 3.51 2.56 1.92 67.29 68.93 65.57 60.85 56.07 51.38 46.78 42.21 37.70 33.25 28.90 24.72 20.73 17.00 13.56 10.50 7.92 5.88 4.34 3.24 2.47 1.95 62.67 64.93 62.17 57.65 53.00 48.52 44.25 39.99 35.73 31.52 27.39 23.41 19.60 16.05 12.81 9.98 7.56 5.63 4.24 3.17 2.24 1.48 58.53 61.51 59.43 55.17 50.67 46.46 42.55 38.72 34.86 30.94 26.98 23.12 19.40 15.93 12.75 9.94 7.62 5.70 4.24 3.16 2.20 1.42 53.62 58.69 57.67 53.57 49.12 44.88 40.88 36.96 33.09 29.26 25.45 21.74 18.18 14.92 11.97 9.38 7.20 5.35 4.06 3.00 2.27 1.74 51.08 56.39 56.03 52.15 47.79 43.77 40.05 36.42 32.82 29.17 25.51 21.89 18.43 15.23 12.23 9.59 7.33 5.50 4.10 3.02 2.21 1.58 2000 1989–91 1979–81 1969–71 1959–61 1949–51 1939–41 1929–31 1919–21 1909–11 1900–1902 Black1 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 71.7 67.9 63.0 58.1 53.3 48.7 44.1 39.6 35.1 30.8 26.8 23.0 19.4 16.2 13.1 10.5 8.2 6.3 4.8 3.7 2.8 69.16 69.43 65.64 60.75 55.86 51.19 46.67 42.22 37.87 33.65 29.55 25.62 21.95 18.59 15.56 12.87 10.48 8.30 6.51 4.94 3.82 2.91 68.52 68.99 65.25 60.38 55.49 50.75 46.18 41.69 37.28 32.98 28.87 25.03 21.50 18.29 15.37 12.67 10.32 8.17 6.54 5.13 4.08 3.58 64.11 65.27 61.62 56.79 51.94 47.34 43.00 38.70 34.48 30.46 26.65 23.11 19.83 16.83 14.16 11.77 9.89 8.20 6.54 5.09 4.28 3.93 63.91 65.75 62.21 57.41 52.57 47.88 43.35 38.89 34.56 30.39 26.46 22.74 19.45 16.53 13.96 11.63 9.52 7.28 5.27 3.48 2.43 1.91 60.73 62.65 59.25 54.50 49.73 45.19 40.85 36.59 32.44 28.48 24.75 21.38 18.41 15.87 13.59 11.48 9.48 7.62 5.79 3.97 2.70 1.94 53.85 57.15 54.13 49.50 44.89 40.73 36.91 33.17 29.53 26.06 22.82 19.94 17.43 15.18 13.02 10.93 8.97 7.31 5.91 4.64 3.51 2.57 48.53 51.71 49.25 44.80 40.37 36.62 33.32 30.07 26.94 23.82 20.97 18.22 15.80 13.62 11.49 9.54 7.84 6.19 4.92 3.83 2.83 1.87 47.03 51.01 49.44 45.26 41.02 37.72 34.91 31.98 29.07 26.07 23.17 20.17 17.33 14.72 12.22 9.90 8.00 6.22 4.88 3.84 2.90 1.94 35.87 43.84 45.34 41.74 38.02 34.86 31.72 28.43 25.39 22.41 19.58 16.84 14.33 12.16 10.22 8.59 7.08 5.80 4.80 4.26 3.31 2.27 33.80 43.00 45.55 42.46 39.04 36.03 33.04 29.96 26.82 23.73 20.67 17.95 15.23 13.06 10.87 8.96 7.24 5.79 4.56 3.60 2.82 2.18 Black male1 0 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 68.3 64.4 59.5 54.6 49.9 45.5 41.1 36.6 32.3 28.1 24.2 20.7 64.47 64.76 60.98 56.09 51.22 46.71 42.40 38.14 34.02 30.05 26.18 22.50 19.08 64.10 64.60 60.86 56.01 51.14 46.48 42.09 37.81 33.60 29.51 25.61 22.03 18.79 60.00 61.24 57.60 52.79 47.96 43.49 39.45 35.40 31.42 27.61 24.03 20.69 17.66 61.48 63.50 59.98 55.19 50.39 45.78 41.38 37.05 32.81 28.72 24.89 21.28 18.11 58.91 61.06 57.69 52.96 48.23 43.73 39.49 35.31 31.21 27.29 23.59 20.25 17.36 52.26 55.93 52.95 48.34 43.74 39.52 35.72 32.05 28.48 25.06 21.88 19.06 16.60 47.55 51.08 48.69 44.27 39.83 35.95 32.67 29.45 26.39 23.36 20.59 17.92 15.46 47.14 51.63 50.18 45.99 41.75 38.36 35.54 32.51 29.54 26.53 23.55 20.47 17.50 34.05 42.53 44.25 40.65 36.77 33.46 30.44 27.33 24.42 21.57 18.85 16.21 13.82 32.54 42.46 45.06 41.90 38.26 35.11 32.21 29.25 26.16 23.12 20.09 17.34 14.69 See footnote at end of table. 32 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 11. Life expectancy by age, race, and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–1902 to 1919–21, and United States, 1929–31 to 2000—Con. [Alaska and Hawaii included beginning in 1959. For decennial periods prior to 1929–31, data are for groups of registration States as follows: 1900–1902 and 1909–11, 10 States and the District of Columbia; 1919–21, 34 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see Technical Notes] Average number of years of life remaining (ex) Age, race, and sex Black male1—Con. 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black female1 0 . 1 . 5 . 10 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 45 . 50 . 55 . 60 . 65 . 70 . 75 . 80 . 85 . 90 . 95 . 100 . 1 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 14.5 11.7 9.4 7.3 5.7 4.5 3.6 2.9 1989–91 16.01 13.27 10.88 8.84 7.01 5.58 4.24 3.37 2.63 1979–81 15.89 13.29 10.94 8.90 7.03 5.61 4.47 3.62 3.24 1969–71 14.93 12.53 10.40 8.76 7.35 5.92 4.68 3.92 3.61 1959–61 15.29 12.84 10.81 8.93 6.87 5.08 3.42 2.43 1.91 1949–51 14.91 12.75 10.74 8.83 7.07 5.38 3.78 2.64 1.93 1939–41 14.37 12.21 10.11 8.17 6.58 5.34 4.23 3.20 2.29 1929–31 13.15 10.87 8.78 6.99 5.42 4.30 3.42 2.54 1.68 1919–21 14.74 12.07 9.58 7.61 5.83 4.53 3.60 2.61 1.64 1909–11 11.67 9.74 8.00 6.58 5.53 4.48 4.01 3.15 2.14 1900–1902 12.62 10.38 8.33 6.60 5.12 4.04 3.21 2.50 1.89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.9 74.9 71.0 66.1 61.2 56.3 51.5 46.8 42.1 37.5 33.1 28.9 24.9 21.0 17.4 14.1 11.2 8.6 6.5 4.8 3.6 2.7 73.73 73.96 70.16 65.26 60.34 55.49 50.72 46.03 41.45 36.96 32.58 28.38 24.41 20.71 17.37 14.32 11.56 9.05 6.99 5.24 3.97 2.97 72.88 73.31 69.54 64.65 59.74 54.90 50.13 45.43 40.79 36.28 31.94 27.84 24.00 20.42 17.13 14.05 11.37 8.95 7.09 5.47 4.30 3.69 68.32 69.37 65.70 60.85 55.97 51.22 46.57 42.00 37.56 33.32 29.31 25.52 21.97 18.66 15.67 13.02 10.85 8.87 7.00 5.41 4.58 4.20 66.47 68.10 64.54 59.72 54.85 50.07 45.40 40.83 36.41 32.16 28.14 24.31 20.89 17.83 15.12 12.46 10.10 7.66 5.44 3.52 2.43 1.91 62.70 64.37 60.93 56.17 51.36 46.77 42.35 38.02 33.82 29.82 26.07 22.67 19.62 16.95 14.54 12.29 10.15 8.15 6.15 4.13 2.74 1.94 55.56 58.46 55.40 50.75 46.13 42.04 38.20 34.40 30.83 27.19 23.89 20.95 18.38 16.10 13.95 11.82 9.81 8.02 6.41 4.96 3.71 2.70 49.51 52.33 49.81 45.33 40.87 37.22 33.93 30.67 27.47 24.30 21.39 18.60 16.27 14.22 12.24 10.38 8.62 6.90 5.48 4.20 3.09 2.04 46.92 50.39 48.70 44.54 40.36 37.15 34.35 31.48 28.58 25.60 22.61 19.76 17.09 14.69 12.41 10.25 8.37 6.58 5.22 4.07 3.18 2.23 37.67 45.15 46.42 42.84 39.18 36.14 32.97 29.61 26.44 23.34 20.43 17.65 14.98 12.78 10.82 9.22 7.55 6.05 5.09 4.50 3.45 2.39 35.04 43.54 46.04 43.02 39.79 36.89 33.90 30.70 27.52 24.37 21.36 18.67 15.88 13.60 11.38 9.62 7.90 6.48 5.10 4.01 3.15 2.49 For 1939–41 and 1949–51, data shown are for the entire nonwhite population. During these periods, life tables were not constructed for the black population. See Technical Notes. National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 33 Table 12. Estimated life expectancy at birth in years, by race and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–28, and United States, 1929–2000 [For selected years, life table values shown are estimates; see Technical Notes. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see Technical Notes] All races Area and year 2000 . 1999 . 1998 . 1997 . 1996 . 1995 . 1994 . 1993 . 1992 . 1991 . 1990 . 1989 . 1988 . 1987 . 1986 . 1985 . 1984 . 1983 . 1982 . 1981 . 1980 . 1979 . 1978 . 1977 . 1976 . 1975 . 1974 . 1973 . 19722 . 1971 . 1970 . 1969 . 1968 . 1967 . 1966 . 1965 . 1964 . 19633 . 19623 . 1961 . 1960 . 1959 . 1958 . 1957 . 1956 . 1955 . 1954 . 1953 . 1952 . 1951 . 1950 . 1949 . 1948 . 1947 . 1946 . 1945 . 1944 . 1943 . 1942 . 1941 . 1940 . 1939 . 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes 76.9 76.7 76.7 76.5 76.1 75.8 75.7 75.5 75.8 75.5 75.4 75.1 74.9 74.9 74.7 74.7 74.7 74.6 74.5 74.1 73.7 73.9 73.5 73.3 72.9 72.6 72.0 71.4 71.2 71.1 70.8 70.5 70.2 70.5 70.2 70.2 70.2 69.9 70.1 70.2 69.7 69.9 69.6 69.5 69.7 69.6 69.6 68.8 68.6 68.4 68.2 68.0 67.2 66.8 66.7 65.9 65.2 63.3 66.2 64.8 62.9 63.7 63.5 Male 74.1 73.9 73.8 73.6 73.1 72.5 72.4 72.2 72.3 72.0 71.8 71.7 71.4 71.4 71.2 71.1 71.1 71.0 70.8 70.4 70.0 70.0 69.6 69.5 69.1 68.8 68.2 67.6 67.4 67.4 67.1 66.8 66.6 67.0 66.7 66.8 66.8 66.6 66.9 67.1 66.6 66.8 66.6 66.4 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.0 65.8 65.6 65.6 65.2 64.6 64.4 64.4 63.6 63.6 62.4 64.7 63.1 60.8 62.1 61.9 Female 79.5 79.4 79.5 79.4 79.1 78.9 79.0 78.8 79.1 78.9 78.8 78.5 78.3 78.3 78.2 78.2 78.2 78.1 78.1 77.8 77.4 77.8 77.3 77.2 76.8 76.6 75.9 75.3 75.1 75.0 74.7 74.4 74.1 74.3 73.9 73.8 73.7 73.4 73.5 73.6 73.1 73.2 72.9 72.7 72.9 72.8 72.8 72.0 71.6 71.4 71.1 70.7 69.9 69.7 69.4 67.9 66.8 64.4 67.9 66.8 65.2 65.4 65.3 Both sexes 77.4 77.3 77.3 77.2 76.8 76.5 76.5 76.3 76.5 76.3 76.1 75.9 75.6 75.6 75.4 75.3 75.3 75.2 75.1 74.8 74.4 74.6 74.1 74.0 73.6 73.4 72.8 72.2 72.0 72.0 71.7 71.4 71.1 71.4 71.1 71.1 71.0 70.8 70.9 71.0 70.6 70.7 70.5 70.3 70.5 70.5 70.5 69.7 69.5 69.3 69.1 68.8 68.0 67.6 67.5 66.8 66.2 64.2 67.3 66.2 64.2 64.9 65.0 White Male 74.8 74.6 74.5 74.3 73.9 73.4 73.3 73.1 73.2 72.9 72.7 72.5 72.2 72.1 71.9 71.8 71.8 71.6 71.5 71.1 70.7 70.8 70.4 70.2 69.9 69.5 69.0 68.5 68.3 68.3 68.0 67.7 67.5 67.8 67.5 67.6 67.7 67.4 67.7 67.8 67.4 67.5 67.4 67.2 67.5 67.4 67.5 66.8 66.6 66.5 66.5 66.2 65.5 65.2 65.1 64.4 64.5 63.2 65.9 64.4 62.1 63.3 63.2 Female 80.0 79.9 80.0 79.9 79.7 79.6 79.6 79.5 79.8 79.6 79.4 79.2 78.9 78.9 78.8 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.7 78.4 78.1 78.4 78.0 77.9 77.5 77.3 76.7 76.1 75.9 75.8 75.6 75.3 75.0 75.2 74.8 74.8 74.7 74.4 74.5 74.6 74.1 74.2 73.9 73.7 73.9 73.7 73.7 73.0 72.6 72.4 72.2 71.9 71.0 70.5 70.3 69.5 68.4 65.7 69.4 68.5 66.6 66.6 66.8 Both sexes 71.7 71.4 71.3 71.1 70.2 69.6 69.5 69.2 69.6 69.3 69.1 68.8 68.9 69.1 69.1 69.3 69.5 69.4 69.4 68.9 68.1 68.5 68.1 67.7 67.2 66.8 66.0 65.0 64.7 64.6 64.1 64.5 64.1 64.9 64.2 64.3 64.2 63.7 64.2 64.5 63.6 63.9 63.4 63.0 63.6 63.7 63.4 62.0 61.4 61.2 60.8 60.6 60.0 59.7 59.1 57.7 56.6 55.6 56.6 53.8 53.1 54.5 52.9 Black4 Male 68.2 67.8 67.6 67.2 66.1 65.2 64.9 64.6 65.0 64.6 64.5 64.3 64.4 64.7 64.8 65.0 65.3 65.2 65.1 64.5 63.8 64.0 63.7 63.4 62.9 62.4 61.7 60.9 60.4 60.5 60.0 60.6 60.4 61.4 60.9 61.2 61.3 61.0 61.6 62.0 61.1 61.3 61.0 60.7 61.3 61.4 61.1 59.7 59.1 59.2 59.1 58.9 58.1 57.9 57.5 56.1 55.8 55.4 55.4 52.5 51.5 53.2 51.7 Female 74.9 74.7 74.8 74.7 74.2 73.9 73.9 73.7 73.9 73.8 73.6 73.3 73.2 73.4 73.4 73.4 73.6 73.5 73.6 73.2 72.5 72.9 72.4 72.0 71.6 71.3 70.3 69.3 69.1 68.9 68.3 68.6 67.9 68.5 67.6 67.6 67.3 66.6 66.9 67.1 66.3 66.5 65.8 65.5 66.1 66.1 65.9 64.5 63.8 63.4 62.9 62.7 62.5 61.9 61.0 59.6 57.7 56.1 58.2 55.3 54.9 56.0 54.3 See footnotes at end of table. 34 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table 12. Estimated life expectancy at birth in years, by race and sex: Death-registration States, 1900–28, and United States, 1929–2000—Con. [For selected years, life table values shown are estimates; see Technical Notes. Beginning 1970 excludes deaths of nonresidents of the United States; see Technical Notes] All races Area and year 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States1—Con. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes 60.0 58.5 61.7 61.1 63.3 62.1 61.1 59.7 57.1 Male 58.0 56.6 59.9 59.3 61.7 61.0 59.4 58.1 55.8 Female 62.4 60.6 63.9 63.3 65.1 63.5 63.1 61.6 58.7 Both sexes 61.4 59.8 62.9 62.4 64.3 63.2 62.6 61.4 58.6 White Male 59.3 58.0 61.0 60.5 62.7 62.0 60.8 59.7 57.2 Female 63.8 61.9 65.0 64.6 66.3 64.5 64.7 63.5 60.3 Both sexes 50.3 49.0 53.1 51.8 54.7 53.7 50.4 48.1 46.7 Black4 Male 48.3 47.0 51.3 50.2 53.5 52.8 49.5 47.3 45.7 Female 52.5 51.4 55.2 53.7 56.0 54.6 51.5 49.2 47.8 Death-registration States 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 1900 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 60.4 56.7 59.0 59.7 57.2 59.6 60.8 54.1 54.7 39.1 50.9 51.7 54.5 54.2 52.5 53.5 52.6 50.0 52.1 51.1 47.6 48.7 48.7 47.6 50.5 51.5 49.1 47.3 55.6 59.0 55.5 57.6 58.1 56.1 58.4 60.0 53.6 53.5 36.6 48.4 49.6 52.5 52.0 50.3 51.5 50.9 48.4 50.5 49.5 45.6 46.9 47.3 46.2 49.1 49.8 47.6 46.3 58.3 62.1 58.0 60.6 61.5 58.5 61.0 61.8 54.6 56.0 42.2 54.0 54.3 56.8 56.8 55.0 55.9 54.4 51.8 53.8 52.8 49.9 50.8 50.2 49.1 52.0 53.4 50.6 48.3 58.4 62.0 58.2 60.7 61.4 58.3 60.4 61.8 54.9 55.8 39.8 52.0 52.5 55.1 54.9 53.0 53.9 53.0 50.3 52.5 51.5 48.1 49.3 49.1 48.0 50.9 51.9 49.4 47.6 57.0 60.5 57.0 59.3 59.8 57.1 59.1 60.8 54.4 54.5 37.1 49.3 50.2 53.1 52.7 50.8 51.9 51.3 48.6 50.9 49.9 46.0 47.3 47.6 46.6 49.5 50.2 48.0 46.6 60.0 63.9 59.6 62.4 63.4 59.6 61.9 62.9 55.6 57.4 43.2 55.3 55.2 57.5 57.5 55.7 56.2 54.9 52.0 54.2 53.3 50.4 51.4 50.6 49.5 52.5 53.8 51.0 48.7 46.3 48.2 44.6 45.7 46.6 48.3 52.4 51.5 45.3 44.5 31.1 38.8 41.3 38.9 38.9 38.4 37.9 36.4 35.6 35.7 34.9 32.5 32.9 31.3 30.8 33.1 34.6 33.7 33.0 45.6 47.6 43.7 44.9 45.5 47.7 51.8 51.6 45.5 44.5 29.9 37.0 39.6 37.5 37.1 36.7 35.9 34.6 33.8 34.2 33.8 31.1 31.8 29.6 29.1 31.7 32.9 32.2 32.5 47.0 48.9 45.6 46.7 47.8 48.9 53.0 51.3 45.2 44.4 32.5 40.8 43.1 40.5 40.8 40.3 40.0 38.2 37.5 37.3 36.0 34.0 33.9 33.1 32.7 34.6 36.4 35.3 33.5 Alaska included in 1959 and Hawaii in 1960. Deaths based on a 50-percent sample. 3 Figures by race exclude data for residents of New Jersey; see Technical Notes. 4 Prior to 1970, data for the black population are not available. Data shown for 1900–1969 are for the nonwhite population. See Technical Notes. National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 35 Technical Notes The life table program—Three series of complete life tables are prepared by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) for the U.S. population—decennial, annual preliminary, and annual final. The U.S. decennial life tables are based on decennial census data and deaths for a 3-year period around the census year. Preliminary life tables are based on a substantial sample (approximately 90 percent) of death records. Estimates of life expectancy from the preliminary series are published annually. The annual final life tables (referred to in this section as ‘‘annual life tables’’) are based on a complete count of all reported deaths. Available since 1945, the annual life tables are based on deaths occurring during the calendar year and on midyear postcensal popu­ lation estimates provided by the U.S. Census Bureau. From 1945 to 1996, the annual life tables were abridged life tables and were con­ structed by reference to a standard table (4). Beginning with 1997 mortality data, complete life tables are constructed using a new meth­ odology (5,6). Also for 1997, life expectancy and other life table values were shown for ages 85 to 100 years for the first time as part of the annual U.S. life tables. Previously, the annual life tables were closed at age 85. Extension of the oldest age interval was implemented by NCHS for several reasons: survival in the United States is such that approximately one-third of the population survives beyond age 85; improvements have occurred in age reporting at older ages; and high-quality old-age mortality data are available from the Medicare program. Geographic coverage—The geographic areas covered in life tables before 1929–31 were limited to the death-registration areas. Life tables for 1900–1902 and 1909–11 were constructed using mortality data from the 1900 death-registration States (10 States and the District of Columbia) and for 1919–21 from the 1920 death-registration States (34 States and the District of Columbia). The tables for 1929–31 through 1958 cover the coterminous United States. Decennial life table values for the 3-year period 1959–61 were derived from data that include both Alaska and Hawaii for each year (tables 10 and 11). Data for each year shown in table 12 include Alaska beginning in 1959 and Hawaii begin­ ning in 1960. However, it is not believed that the inclusion of these two States materially affects life table values. Revised life table values, 1961–89—Life table values for 1960–69, 1970–79, and 1980–89 were constructed using the U.S. decennial life tables for 1959–61, 1969–71, and 1979–81, respectively, as the stan­ dard tables. The life table values for years prior to 1989 appearing in this publication are based on revised intercensal estimates of the populations for those years. As a result, the life table values for these years may differ from the life table values for those years published in Vital Statistics of the United States for 1989 and earlier years. Life table values for 1991 and later are based on postcensal population estimates and will be recalculated when intercensal estimates become available. New Jersey data, 1962–64—The life tables for 1962 and 1963 for the six population groups involving race do not include data from New Jersey, which omitted the item on race from its certificates of live birth, death, and fetal death in use at the beginning of 1962. The item was restored during the latter part of 1962. However, the certificate revision without this item was used for most of 1962 as well as for 1963. For computing vital rates, populations by age, race, and sex (excluding New Jersey) were estimated to obtain comparable denominators. Approxi­ mately 7 percent of the New Jersey death records for 1964 did not contain the race designation. When the records were being electroni­ cally processed for this State, the ‘‘race not stated’’ deaths were proportionally allocated to white or to black. Nonresidents—Beginning in 1970, the deaths of nonresidents of the United States have been excluded from the life table statistics. Estimation of life table functions—For some years, it was neces­ sary to estimate life table functions for some race-sex groups. In tables 10 and 11, figures for the black population during the periods 1949–51 and 1959–61 were estimated using figures for the nonwhite population. Life table functions were also missing in tables 10 and 11 for race-sex groups for the periods from 1900–1902 to 1939–41. Figures were missing for the following groups: Years Race and sex 1900–1902 . 1909–11 . . 1919–21 . . 1929–31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total white, total black Total white, total black Total, male, female, total white, total black Total, male, female, total white, total black These figures were estimated by weighted averages using population distributions as the weights. For example, life expectancy at age 20 years for the total black population was estimated by a weighted average of black male and black female life expectancies at age 20, using as weights the population distribution by sex of the black population age 20 years. Annual life tables were initiated in 1945 for white males, white females, all other males, and all other females. The figures in table 12 by race and sex for the following years were estimated using a pro­ cedure other than the abridged life table methodology (12). Years Race and sex 1900–45 1900–47 1900–47 1900–50 1900–44 1900–44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Male Female White White male White female Annual life table functions were not calculated for the black population prior to 1970. In table 12, life expectancy for the black population for years prior to 1970 is estimated using figures for the total nonwhite population. Population bases for computing life tables—The population used for computing life table values shown in this section (furnished by the U.S. Census Bureau) represents the resident population of the United States. The age-specific populations used for computing the 2000 life table values are based on the July 1, 2000, population estimates that are consistent with the 1990 census (13). The 1990 census counts by race and age were modified. Race was modified to be consistent with the Office of Management and Budget categories and historical cat­ egories for mortality data. The modification procedures for race and age are described in a census report (14). Detailed populations from the 2000 census were not available when this report was prepared. A comparison of summary 2000 census results and the estimates for 2000 used in this report indicates differ­ ences for some population groups. Differences between the 2000 enumerated population and the population estimates for 2000 used in this report could result in the underestimation or overestimation of life expectancy. When the necessary population estimates based on the 36 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 2000 census become available, life expectancy and other life table estimates will be recalculated and presented in an upcoming report. Meanwhile, considerable caution should be used in interpreting the statistics presented in this report. Medicare data—Death rates at the oldest ages based on Medicare data are known to be more accurate than those based on vital statistics and census data. Consequently, qx values calculated for ages 85 to 99 years are based on Medicare data prepared by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). Medicare data were limited to the group insured for hospital insurance as age reporting is considered best among this group (6,10,11). For the 2000 life tables, 1997 Medicare data were used as 2000 data were not available in time for the preparation of this report. ordinary minimized fifth difference formula is used to obtain smoothed values of Px and Dx (see reference 5 for details on the application of Beer’s method). Calculation of q0—q0 is calculated by using a birth cohort method employing a separation factor (f ) defined as the proportion of infant deaths in year t occurring to infants born in the previous year (t –1). f can be calculated by categorizing infant deaths by date of birth. The probability of death in the first year is calculated as D0 (1−f ) D0 f + t−1 q0 = Bt B [2] where D0 is the number of infant deaths adjusted for not-reported age, and B t and B t-1 are the numbers of births in years t and t –1, respectively. Table II shows separation factors and numbers of births by race and sex for 1999–2000. Calculation of qx for ages 1–84—qx is calculated assuming that lx (number of survivors at exact age x in the life table population) declines linearly between x and x+1, i.e., that deaths between exact age x and x+1 occur on average at age x+½. This simplification is generally considered acceptable when age intervals are 1 year of age in length (1). Under this assumption, lx = Lx + ½dx where Lx is the average life table population at risk of dying between ages x and x+1 and dx is the number of deaths occurring between age x and x+1. qx is then d dx qx = x = lx L + 1 d x 2 Methodology A more detailed treatment of the methodology used to calculate these life tables is contained in a separate report (5). Calculation of the complete life table is derived from the probability of death (qx), which depends on the number of deaths (Dx) and the midyear population (Px) for each single year of age (x) observed during the calendar year of interest. Adjustment for deaths for which age was not reported—An adjust­ ment must be made to account for the small proportion of deaths each year for which age is not reported. The data are aggregated into 5-year age groups for those age 5 years and over and into single years of age for those under 5 years. The number of deaths in each age category is adjusted proportionally to account for those with not-stated ages. The following factor is used to make the adjustment. This factor (F) is calculated for each race-sex group for which life tables are constructed. D F= a [1] D where D is the total number of deaths and Da is the total number of deaths for which age is stated. F is then applied by multiplying it times the number of deaths in each age group. Table I shows values for F by race and sex used to adjust the 2000 mortality data. Interpolation of Px and Dx—Anomalies, both random and those associated with reporting age at death, can be problematic when using vital statistics and census data by single years of age to estimate the probability of death (1). Graduation techniques are often used to elimi­ nate these anomalies and to derive a smooth curve by age. Beer’s x One can make the same assumption for the observed population, i.e., that the observed population aged x at risk of dying at the beginning of the year (Nx) declines linearly between ages x and x+1. Under this assumption, Nx = Px + ½Dx where Px is the midyear population or average observed population at risk of dying between ages x and x+1 and Dx is the observed number of deaths occurring between ages x and x+1. qx is calculated as D Dx qx = x = Nx P + 1 D [3] x x 2 Table I. Values for F used to adjust for not-stated age based on 2000 mortality data Race and sex Total . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total deaths 2,403,351 1,177,578 1,225,773 2,071,287 1,007,191 1,064,096 285,826 145,184 140,642 Total deaths for which age was not stated 356 289 67 275 231 44 72 50 22 F 1.00014815 1.00024548 1.00005466 1.00013279 1.00022940 1.00004135 1.00025196 1.00034451 1.00015645 For x = 1 to 4, Dx is the observed number of deaths adjusted for not-stated age and Px is obtained by Beer’s interpolation formula. For x = 5 to 84, both Dx and Px are obtained by interpolation (5). Use of Medicare data at ages 85 to 99 years—There is ample evidence that the rate of increase in qx declines above age 85 (5,11,15–17). The change in qx for ages over 85 years can be expressed using the formula [4] qx = qx−1 c ek where kx denotes the age-specific rate of mortality change with age (11,16). Solving for kx gives kx = ln(qx) – ln(qx–1) [5] x Values for kx are then obtained from the Medicare data. Table III shows values for k by age, race, and sex based on 1997 Medicare data. These data show clearly a declining rate of increase in qx above age 85. These kx values are then used to obtain qx values for ages 85 to 99 using equation 4. This method allows for flexibility in cases where the Medicare data are not available in a timely fashion. In these cases, Medicare data for the previous year can be used to calculate kx values. Finally, ∞q100 is set equal to 1.0 since all will die at some point in this open-ended age interval. Once qx is obtained for each National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 37 Table II. Births in 1999 and 2000, deaths in 2000 of infants born in 1999 and 2000, and separation factors by race and sex: United States Total Both sexes Births 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deaths in 2000 of infants born in 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Separation factor (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,461 24,578 0.123 1,925 13,797 0.122 1,536 10,782 0.125 2,225 15,921 0.123 1,244 8,935 0.122 981 6,986 0.123 1,072 7,701 0.122 592 4,311 0.121 480 3,391 0.124 3,959,417 4,058,814 2,026,854 2,076,969 1,932,563 1,981,845 3,132,501 3,194,005 1,605,603 1,636,081 1,526,898 1,557924 605,970 622,598 307,670 316,115 298,300 306,483 Male Female Both sexes White Male Female Both sexes Black Male Female Table III. k values by age, race, and sex based on insured Medicare data: United States, 1997 Total Age 84–85 85–86 86–87 87–88 88–89 89–90 90–91 91–92 92–93 93–94 94–95 95–96 96–97 97–98 98–99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes 0.092590 0.090210 0.087830 0.085450 0.083070 0.080690 0.078310 0.075930 0.073550 0.071170 0.068790 0.066410 0.064030 0.061650 0.059270 Male 0.089728 0.087018 0.084308 0.081598 0.078888 0.076178 0.073468 0.070758 0.068048 0.065338 0.062628 0.059918 0.057208 0.054498 0.051788 Female 0.103281 0.100251 0.097221 0.094191 0.091161 0.088131 0.085101 0.082071 0.079041 0.076011 0.072981 0.069951 0.066921 0.063891 0.060861 Both sexes 0.093742 0.091842 0.089942 0.088042 0.086142 0.084242 0.082342 0.080442 0.078542 0.076642 0.074742 0.072842 0.070942 0.069042 0.067142 White Male 0.09136 0.08897 0.08658 0.08419 0.0818 0.07941 0.07702 0.07463 0.07224 0.06985 0.06746 0.06507 0.06268 0.06029 0.0579 Female 0.10428 0.10185 0.09942 0.09699 0.09456 0.09213 0.0897 0.08727 0.08484 0.08241 0.07998 0.07755 0.07512 0.07269 0.07026 Both sexes 0.071864 0.070794 0.069724 0.068654 0.067584 0.066514 0.065444 0.064374 0.063304 0.062234 0.061164 0.060094 0.059024 0.057954 0.056884 Black Male 0.066047 0.064457 0.062867 0.061277 0.059687 0.058097 0.056507 0.054917 0.053327 0.051737 0.050147 0.048557 0.046967 0.045377 0.043787 Female 0.082589 0.081079 0.079569 0.078059 0.076549 0.075039 0.073529 0.072019 0.070509 0.068999 0.067489 0.065979 0.064469 0.062959 0.061449 single year of age, the other life table functions may be easily calculated. Survivor function (lx)—The life table radix, l0, is set at 100,000. For ages greater than 0, the number of survivors remaining at exact age x is calculated as [6] lx = lx–1 (1–qx-1) Decrement function (dx)—The number of deaths occurring between age x and x + 1 is calculated from the survivor function. [7] dx = lx – lx + 1 = lx qx Note that ∞d100 = ∞ l100 since ∞ q100 = 1.0. extrapolated from the Medicare data using equation 4. However, kx values must be estimated for these ages. kx can be modeled as a linear function of age [9] kx = k85 + (x – 85)s where s is the slope of the change in kx by age and k85 is calculated as [ln(q88/q81)]/7 in order to minimize the effects of random fluctua­ tions (11,17). s can be obtained by treating equation 9 as a linear regression model. Calculated values for s are shown in table IV. The predicted values for kx are then used to calculate qx above age 100 using equation 4. The corresponding Lx values for ages 100 years and over are then summed to give ∞L100. Person-years lived at and above age x (Tx)—Tx is calculated by summing Lx values at and above age x. Tx = ∑ Lx + t t=0 ∞ Person-years lived (Lx)—Person-years lived for ages 1 to 99 years is calculated assuming that the survivor function declines linearly between age x and x + 1. This gives the formula 1 Lx = 1 (lx + lx + 1) = lx – 2dx 2 For x = 0, the separation factor f is used to calculate L0. [8] [10] L0 = f l0 + (1 – f ) l1 ∞L100 is calculated by surviving the life table cohort from age 100 using equations 4, 5, and 6 until Lx at these ages is essentially zero (somewhere between ages 110 and 120). qx for these ages can be Life expectancy at age x (ex)—Life expectancy at exact age x is calculated as Tx ex = [11] lx 38 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Table IV. Slope of the change in k values (s) by race and sex Race and sex Total, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black, both sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s –0.002379 –0.002710 –0.003031 –0.001902 –0.002390 –0.002427 –0.001074 –0.001586 –0.001512 age interval is 20–21 years or 20–25 years. Thus, the values lx, Tx, and ex can be extracted at 5-year intervals from the complete life table and placed into the abridged life table (compare lx, Tx, and ex in table V with the same functions in table 1). It is also illustrative to compare values for ex and lx in tables A and B with their corre­ sponding values presented in tables 1–9. The qx, dx, and Lx functions, in contrast, describe the age interval x to x + n. In fact, for abridged life tables, the notation for these functions is different (nqx, ndx, and nLx). Thus, 5q20 is the probability of dying between ages 20 and 25 years and will obviously be somewhat larger than q20, the probability of dying between ages 20 and 21 years. Taking this into account, nqx, ndx, and nLx must be recalculated in the abridged life table. It is simplest to begin with ndx. The calculations are made for all but the final age interval as follows: ndx Abridging the complete life table An abridged or collapsed version of the complete life table can be easily calculated in which life table functions are shown for 5-year rather than single-year age intervals. It is often desirable to summa­ rize the life table and save space when publishing life table data by single years of age (18). The abridgement of the complete life table is simplified by an important property of three of the six life table functions. The lx, Tx, and ex functions describe exact age x, i.e., the beginning of the age interval x to x + n (n denotes the length of the age interval—for 5-year age intervals n = 5). Life expectancy at age 20 (e20), for example, has the same value regardless of whether the = lx – lx + n = ndx nqx lx nLx = Tx – Tx + n Note that for the open-ended interval, ages 100 and over: ∞d100 = l100, ∞ q100 = 1.0,and∞L100 = T100. Table V shows each of the life table functions for the 2000 U.S. total population abridged from table 1. Table V. Abridged life table for the total population: United States, 2000 Probability of dying between ages x to x+n Age 0–1 . . . . . . . . . 1–5 . . . . . . . . . 5–10 . . . . . . . . 10–15 . . . . . . . . 15–20 . . . . . . . . 20–25 . . . . . . . . 25–30 . . . . . . . . 30–35 . . . . . . . . 35–40 . . . . . . . . 40–45 . . . . . . . . 45–50 . . . . . . . . 50–55 . . . . . . . . 55–60 . . . . . . . . 60–65 . . . . . . . . 65–70 . . . . . . . . 70–75 . . . . . . . . 75–80 . . . . . . . . 80–85 . . . . . . . . 85–90 . . . . . . . . 90–95 . . . . . . . . 95–100 . . . . . . . . 100 years and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n qx Number surviving to age x lx 100,000 99,307 99,177 99,095 98,992 98,654 98,181 97,696 97,132 96,349 95,210 93,522 91,113 87,498 82,131 74,561 64,244 51,037 34,959 18,839 7,252 1,781 Number dying between ages x to x+n ndx Person-years lived between ages x to x+n nLx Total number of person-years lived above age x Tx 7,686,810 7,587,418 7,190,502 6,694,833 6,199,555 5,705,355 5,213,242 4,723,539 4,236,409 3,752,596 3,273,527 2,801,442 2,339,510 1,892,377 1,467,498 1,074,739 726,571 437,240 221,293 87,790 25,024 4,636 Expectation of life at age x ex 76.9 76.4 72.5 67.6 62.6 57.8 53.1 48.3 43.6 38.9 34.4 30.0 25.7 21.6 17.9 14.4 11.3 8.6 6.3 4.7 3.5 2.6 0.00693 0.00131 0.00082 0.00104 0.00341 0.00479 0.00494 0.00578 0.00806 0.01182 0.01773 0.02576 0.03968 0.06133 0.09217 0.13838 0.20557 0.31503 0.46111 0.61506 0.75434 1.00000 693 130 82 103 338 473 485 565 783 1,139 1,688 2,409 3,615 5,366 7,570 10,317 13,207 16,078 16,120 11,587 5,470 1,781 99,392 396,916 495,668 495,278 494,200 492,113 489,702 487,130 483,813 479,070 472,085 461,940 447,124 424,879 392,758 348,168 289,331 215,947 133,503 62,766 20,388 4,636 42 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 51, No. 3, December 19, 2002 Suggested citation Arias E. United States life tables, 2000. National vital statistics reports; vol 51 no 3. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics. 2002. Contents Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Data and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Explanation of the columns of the life table . . . . . . . . . . 2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Life expectancy in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Survivorship in the United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 List of Detailed Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Technical Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 National Center for Health Statistics Director, Edward J. Sondik, Ph.D. Deputy Director, Jack R. Anderson Division of Vital Statistics Director, Mary Anne Freedman This document is hereby certified as an official Federal document and is fully admis­ sible as evidence in Federal court. Under Federal Rule of Evidence 902: ‘‘Selfauthentication,’’ (FED.R.EVID.902), no extrinsic evidence of authenticity, that is, seal or stamp, is required as a condition for admissibility of this document as evidence in court. To receive this publication regularly, contact the National Center for Health Statistics by calling 301-458-4636. E-mail: nchsquery@cdc.gov Internet: www.cdc.gov/nchs Copyright information All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is appreciated. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics 6525 Belcrest Road Hyattsville, Maryland 20782-2003 DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2003–1120 02-0644 (12/02) MEDIA MAIL POSTAGE & FEES PAID CDC/NCHS PERMIT NO. G-284 OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300