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Takoradi Thermal Power Plant
Expansion Project (T2)
Addendum Environmental Report
Prepared in Support of March 1999
Supplementary Environmental Statement
Third Issue
Volume 1: Text
November 2001
Prepared by:
®
GIBB
on behalf of Takoradi International Company
TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT EXPANSION
PROJECT
ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT
PREPARED IN SUPPORT OF 1999 SUPPLEMENTARY
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT
November 2001
VOLUME 1: TEXT
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT EXPANSION PROJECT
ADDENDUM ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT: THIRD ISSUE
CONTENTS
Chapter Description Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I
1 INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 General 1-1
1.2 Objectives of the Addendum 1-1
1.3 Study Methodology 1-2
1.4 Structure of Addendum 1-3
2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2-1
2.1 Introduction 2-1
2.2 National Environmental Requirements 2-1
2.3 Project Sponsors and Stakeholders 2-1
3 TAKORADI 2 PROJECT OVERVIEW 3-1
3.1 Introduction 3-1
3.2 Background and Status of the TTPP Development 3-1
3.3 T2 Project 3-2
3.4 Common, Shared Facilities with T1 3-8
3.5 Site Preparation and Construction Details 3-11
3.6 Operation Details 3-14
3.7 Summary of Key T2 Changes Since 1999 3-17
4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2 Physical Environment 4-2
4.3 Biological Environment 4-3
4.4 Human Environment 4-4
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4.5 Environmental Quality of the Area 4-10
5 SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 5-1
5.1 Introduction 5-1
5.2 Physical Environment 5-1
5.3 Biological Environment 5-2
5.4 Human Environment 5-3
5.5 Environmental Quality of the Area 5-6
6 MITIGATION MEASURES AND LIKELY NET ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS 6-1
6.1 Introduction 6-1
6.2 Physical Environment 6-1
6.3 Biological Environment 6-1
6.4 Human Environment 6-1
6.5 Environmental Quality of the Area 6-2
7 HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT FOR T2 7-1
7.1 Introduction 7-1
7.2 Site Preparation and Construction Phases, T2 7-1
7.3 Operational Phase, T2 7-3
8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PROGRAMME,
T2 8-1
8.1 Provisional EMMP for T2 8-1
8.2 T1 EMMP 8-2
8.3 T1 Environmental Management System 8-2
9 CONCLUSIONS 9-1
9.1 Introduction 9-1
9.2 Conclusions on Overall Effect of T2 9-1
9.3 Conclusions on Overall Effect of T1 + T2 9-1
9.4 Conclusions of Addendum 9-2
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Figures:
Figure 3.1: Location Plan
Figure 3.2: T2 Structures and Layout, Simple Cycle 1, Phase 1
Figure 3.3: T2 Structures and Layout, Simple Cycle 2, Phase 2a
Figure 3.4: T2 Structure and Layout, Combined Cycle, Phase 2b
Figure 3.5: Transmission Line Routes Associated with TTPP
Figure 3.6: Construction Schedule Phase 2b, Combined Cycle
Photographs:
Photograph Sheet 1: Photograph 1
Photograph Sheet 2: Photographs 2a to 3a
Photograph Sheet 3: Photographs 3b to 4b
Photograph Sheet 4: Photograph 5
Photograph Sheet 5: Photographs 6 to 7
Photograph Sheet 6: Photographs 8a to 8c
Photograph Sheet 7: Photograph 9
Appendices: See Volume 2
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
Takoradi International Company (TIC), a joint venture between the Volta River
Authority and CMS Energy, is currently undertaking a project (referred to as T2) to
expand the existing Takoradi Thermal Power Plant (TTPP). The existing T1 plant
comprises a 330 MW light crude oil (LCO) fired combined cycle thermal generating
plant. An EIA Report was prepared in 1995 in support of an application for funding
from a number of agencies, including the World Bank, through the International
Development Association.1 T1 began generating power in December 1997.
The design of T1 was structured as such to provide for the T2 expansion to
accommodate future electrical energy demand growth and to effectively double the
plant’s output from 330 MW to 660 MW. A Supplementary Environmental Impact
Assessment was undertaken of the proposed T2 expansion in 1999 in accordance
with guidance from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Republic Ghana in
order to obtain an Environmental Approval to commence construction of the
expansion project. This report supplemented the 1995 EIA Report and addressed
specific environmental topics determined in consultation with the EPA.
The Supplementary Environmental Impact Statement (referred to hereafter as the
‘1999 SEIS’) was submitted to the EPA in March 1999 and the EPA provided notice of
Environmental Approval in April 1999. The ‘Notice to Proceed’ with the construction
phase of T2 was issued to the contractor in February 1999 and construction is well
underway with the first two of three phases complete.
TIC are currently seeking to apply for funding from the International Finance
Corporation (IFC) and/or the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) for the
third phase of the T2 project. These organisations require that additional work to the
1999 SEIS be carried out to address certain specific environmental and social issues
particularly supported by these agencies and that updated information on T2 is
supplied accordingly. It is also necessary to demonstrate compliance with current
World Bank environmental, health and safety criteria. This report therefore forms an
Addendum to the 1999 SEIS and the main text should be read in conjunction with the
1999 SEIS; it has been prepared with due reference to the IFC policy on
Environmental Assessment.
This Executive Summary provides a standalone description of the environmental
implications (benefits and adverse effects) of the T2 project. It has been prepared in
accordance with IFC requirements.
1
Acres International Limited, Takoradi Thermal Plant Environmental Assessment, Volumes 1 and 2, 1995.
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Takoradi Thermal Power Plant
The Existing T1 Plant
TTPP was largely developed in response to a consistently high rate of growth in
domestic demand for electrical energy generation in Ghana which far exceeded the
actual capacity for energy generation available, as well as exceeding projected
annual average long term capacity levels. It was subsequently identified that
developing Ghana’s power generating capacity through the use of combustion turbine
technology was preferable to expanding the existing hydro-electric system. T1 was
initially developed in 1995 as a 330 MW combined cycle generating plant, which in
turn primarily consists of two combustion turbine generators (CTGs), two heat
recovery steam generators (HRSGs) and one steam turbine generator (STG),
associated transmission lines and other facilities.
In addition to the above, other key components of T1 included switchyard,
transmission lines from the site to the National Grid at Inchaban, a single offshore
mooring point for the delivery of light crude oil (the principal fuel supply for TTPP until
natural gas becomes available), fuel storage tank farm, seawater cooling tower
system with seawater intake and outtake pipes and desalination plant, plant access
infrastructure, water supply, sewage lagoons, waste oil treatment facility and
incinerator, and a permanent township for the workforce.
The TTPP project occupies an
area of approximately 168 ha,
which included provision for future
expansion, i.e. the allowance for
doubling in generating capacity
was designed into the project at
the start.
The original T1 proposals were
Accra
subject to an EIA and public
consultation between 1993 and
1995 which led to the preparation
Takoradi
of the 1995 EIA Report; this was
prepared with due reference to
World Bank criteria2.
Environmental Approval for the construction of T1 to commence was provided in July
1995.
Construction of T1 commenced in 1996 and the first simple cycle unit (110 MW
combustion turbine) became operational in December 1997. The commercial
operation of the second simple cycle unit began in January 1998 and commissioning
activities on the combined cycle, including the steam turbine and generator,
commenced in April 1999. At the time of writing only one of the CTGs for T1 was
operational in combined cycle, with the second T1 CTG currently under repair.
Repair is expected to be complete in July 2001.
2
Operational Directive 4.01, Environmental Assessment, October 1991.
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TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
The T2 Project
The T2 project has been developed in response to growing electrical energy demand
within Ghana and has been designed to double the electrical energy output from the
existing T1 plant from 330 MW to 660MW. The expansion project was considered to
the best option for meeting the growing electrical energy demand while remaining
environmentally, economically and logistically favourable.
The objectives of the T2 project primarily include assisting with the development of a
more reliable and stable electricity supply, reducing Ghana’s dependency on imported
electricity, minimising environmental impacts (through expansion of an existing plant
and through its design), and providing surplus energy for export.
The 1999 SEIS was produced in 1999 after consultation with the EPA (see section
1.3 below) and submitted in March 1999 with an application for an Environmental
Approval for the construction of the project. The report was made available for public
review and comment in April 1999 and for review by other groups as determined by
the EPA. Environmental Approval for the construction of T2 was provided in April
1999.
The T2 project is currently being constructed within the existing T1 plant site and
comprises providing two 110 MW CTGs, two HRSGs and one 110 MW STG, and
associated facilities (including fuel storage tanks, fuel treatment unit, desalination and
demineralisation plant). Many of the components, facilities and infrastructure of T2 will
be shared or extended from those already constructed as part of T1. Of the total 168
ha occupied by the TTPP site as a whole, approximately 7.5 ha is directly associated
with T2.
Other key components that will be constructed as part of T2 include water storage
tanks (demineralised, potable, raw, filtered and condensate), fuel treatment
structures, oil/water separator, treated and untreated LCO storage tanks, steam
distribution systems, circulating water systems, transformers and control rooms.
T2 will, by definition, interface with or be incorporated into various existing T1
structures, services and systems. These include oil off-loading and storage facilities,
potable water supply, sanitary and wastewater discharge and sewer systems, sewage
and wastewater treatment facilities, firewater systems, seawater intake and discharge
and maintenance buildings. The TTPP project includes various transmission line and
substation modifications that allow for tie in with the National Grid and evacuation of
the full generating capacity. Much of this work has been completed. The TTPP
development also allows for future tie-in with the proposed West-African natural gas
pipeline.
Key shared facilities have been described in 1999 SEIS and are outlined again in
section 3.4 of this report. Updates on the status of transmission line upgrades and
the West African Gas Pipeline project are also given in this report.
The construction of T2 has been divided into three distinct phases, such that Phases
1, 2a and 2b represent the construction of Simple Cycle Unit 1 (SC1), Simple Cycle
Unit 2 (SC2) and Combined Cycle Unit (CC), respectively. At the time of preparing the
Addendum, Phases 1 and 2a of the project were complete and operational and
construction of Phase 2b has yet to start. It is anticipated that Phase 2b will be
operational in 2003.
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The parties involved in the T2 project include:
Project Sponsor TIC (comprising a partnership between
CMS Energy and the Volta River
Authority of Ghana);
EPC Contractor (Equipment Black and Veatch International (BVI) and
Procurement, Engineering, Overland Contracting Incorporated (a
Construction, Start-Up and subsidiary of BVI)
Testing)
Operator CMS International Operating Company
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Alternatives Considered for T1 and T2
As T2 is accommodated within the T1 design, which itself was subject to a review of
alternative location, design and operational specification options during the 1995 EIA,
it was considered during the 1999 SEIS that no further assessment was required. A
summary of the alternatives considered at the outset of the TTPP project include the
following:
• The ‘Do-Nothing’ option (i.e. a hypothetical situation where T1 is not constructed);
• Alternative geographical locations (e.g. eastern and western Ghana, coastal and
inland locations)
• Alternative technologies including open and closed-circuit cooling water systems,
• Using alternative fuels, including LCO and residual fuel oil
• Using alternative methods for fuel oil transportation; and
• Broad potential environmental impacts associated with the various alternatives, such
as air quality (fuel types, stack heights and control technologies) and marine
environment (cooling systems and single point mooring locations).
These alternatives, considered at the T1 planning stage, were subsequently accepted
or rejected primarily on the basis of practical, economical and environmental context
relative to best meeting the specific objectives for relieving the national energy crisis.
With regard to T2, the proposed expansion was selected on the basis that it
represented the most economically viable option for achieving the key objective of
providing a rapid response to the energy crisis. It also involved minimal
environmental disturbance particularly as an alternative would have been to construct
a second, separate plant on a new site.
Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework
Ghanaian EIA and Permitting Procedures
The Environmental Protection Agency Act, Act 490 was passed in December 1994.
This act established an EIA system for Ghana and provided for the establishment of
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), replacing the former Environmental
Protection Council, to ensure compliance with the appropriate procedures and
guidelines.
Procedures for EIA are provided in the Ghana Environmental Assessment
Procedures 1995, and are enforced by the EPA under the EPA Act 490. Additional
guidelines for EIA are contained in the EPA’s ‘Environmental Assessment in Ghana,
A Guide, December 1996’.
In short, the procedures provide for a permitting system whereby a project may or
may not be required to obtain an Environmental Permit and in so doing, may be
required to be supported by an EIA of a specific level of detail. Public notice of
availability of submitted EIA reports and public hearings are also provided for, where
necessary, and on submission of a satisfactory EIA, an Environmental Approval (EA)
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will be issued to permit construction. A ‘full’ Environmental Certificate, which covers
the operation of the project may be issued once an Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) and monitoring programmes have been demonstrated as satisfactory and an
Annual Environmental Report has been submitted.
Ghanaian EPA Environmental Criteria
The EPA has prepared environmental criteria for noise, ambient air quality and
maximum permissible levels for effluent quality (based on sector specific releases to
natural water bodies).
The T2 environmental studies for the 1999 SEIS were undertaken with specific
reference to these guidelines for each of the environmental topics addressed. As
required for the Addendum Environmental Report, the emphasis was placed on
assessing the effects of T2 relative to the World Bank Group/IFC criteria as listed
below.
World Bank Group Environmental Criteria
Both IFC and OPIC require that projects should be assessed relative to the following:
• World Bank Group’s Pollution Prevent and Abatement Handbook, 1998 – Thermal
Power: Guidelines for New Plants
• World Bank Group’s Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines
• IFC Environmental and Social Policies including Environmental Assessment, General
Health and Safety Guidelines, Natural Habitats, Pest Management, Safeguarding
Cultural Property, Involuntary Resettlement, Forestry, International Waterways and
Child/Forced Labour.
Baseline Environmental Conditions
The following comprises a summary of the environmental conditions observed during
the T2 environmental studies for the 1999 SEIS and Addendum Environmental
Report; both of which take into account the presence of T1.
Physical Environment
Landscape and Visual Quality
The site lies on relatively flat land that rises from sea level to 50m at a distance of
4km inland. The surrounding area is predominantly open with scattered trees and
wetland habitat, some of which is used for subsistence farming and was generally
described as ‘pleasing’. With regard to visual aspects, the presence of TTPP
effectively represents an adverse effect through the introduction of a large scale,
man-made feature into a generally flat landscape. However, it is important to note that
taking into account local culture, landscape and visual issues are not key issues of
importance in comparison to health services, water supply and other basic
commodities.
At the time of the 1999 studies, the site for T2, which is contained within the confines
of T1, had already been cleared of vegetation, regraded and levelled during the
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construction T1. During the May 2000 site visit, it was noted that a slight
improvement in the landscape and visual quality of the area had occurred on account
of the ongoing natural and assisted regeneration of vegetation within TTPP and
immediate surrounding area. In particular, this included the re-establishment of a
stand of coconut trees along the coastline.
Biological Environment
There are three main zones of flora/vegetation present within the study area,
including coastal strand, seasonal swamp/wetland and grassland, and a mixture of
isolated or continuous areas of coastal thicket. Although there are recognised and
protected wetlands in Ghana, the site on which the Takoradi complex is located has
not been designated as such. The area had largely been influenced by human
activity for some time and is considered not to have contained ‘natural habitats’ as
defined in the IFC Policy.3
As the T2 site is incorporated within the T1 boundary there was little vegetation
present prior to construction commencing as the site had already been cleared during
site preparation activities for T1. Similarly, for borrow areas, those sites being used
for T2 had already been ‘active’ for the T1 construction period. There were also no
forests present on the site prior to clearance for T1.
Human Environment
The following represent the key features of the existing human environment affected
by TTPP. A map showing the site's location relative to surrounding settlements can
be found on the following page.
Settlements
TTPP lies within the Shama Ahanta East District which comprises a number of
settlements, the closest of which includes Aboadze (1.5 km to the east of TTPP) and
Abuesi (3 km to the east of TTPP). These settlements have an approximate
combined population of 9,000 (1984). It is understood from the 2000 studies that the
communities have generally increased in size since the development of T1 in
response to direct and indirect employment opportunities associated with TTPP. In
addition, informal consultations with communities officials and the general public in
Aboadze indicated a general contentment with the existing arrangements with TTPP
and no real significant concerns pertaining to operational and construction activities at
TTPP.
Land Ownership and Compensation
With regard to land tenure and ownership no further land was acquired for the
construction and operation of T2 as this was accommodated within the land already
acquired, occupied or used for T1. Land was acquired from the ‘Stool Lands’ of
Dwomo (i.e. the local administration area under the custody of the Stool Chief) in
accordance with the State Lands Act 1961 (Act 46) and the Volta River Development
Act. Under a Community Impact Agreement arranged under T1, a number of
infrastructure improvements have been carried out to reduce any nuisance
associated with construction activities (such as dust generation) and as compensation
to provide more long term community benefits. These include reconstruction of the
local road network between Abuesi and Aboadze to Inchaban and from Dwomo to
3
OP.4.04, Natural Habitats
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Inchaban and constructing a cold storage facility in Aboadze; both these are near
completion. Five new school blocks and public convenience blocks are also under
construction and plans for a clinic are being finalised. An additional community water
tap has also been recently provided.
Waste Management
With regard to waste management issues, Since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS, an
alternative oil waste management procedure has been adopted partly in response to
delays in the commissioning of the waste oil incinerator. Waste oil sludge is currently
removed off site via road tanker under an arrangement with Tema Oil Refinery (TOR)
where it is reprocessed for use as a fuel or other uses such as wood preservatives.
These procedures have been adopted in favour of regular incineration, such that the
latter will be used only when the collection of the oil waste by others is interrupted. At
present the waste oil sludge is sold for recycling, rather than incinerated because of
the high costs associated with the diesel required to supplement sludge incineration,
a favourable income from sale of sludge and to address environmental concerns.
Despite waste being removed from site and recycled or reused, a monitoring
programme is in place to assess the nature and levels of heavy metals in the waste
oil sludge prior to removal by other parties.
VRA TOWNSHIP
TTPP
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Environmental Quality of the Area
Air Quality
Routine stack emissions and ground level air quality monitoring for T1 in 1999
indicate the following:
• NOx stack emissions have largely remained within World Bank criteria, with the
exception of conditions where the NOx control systems were temporarily offline.
• SO2 stack emissions were within the relevant World Bank criteria;
• Where available, ground level PM10 and SO2 concentrations monitoring data indicated
that concentrations were well within the relevant Ghanaian criteria. However it is
important to note that ground level NOx monitoring equipment was generally out of
service throughout 1999 and various problems were experienced with the remaining
monitors.
Water Supply
Water is supplied via a dedicated water supply pipeline from Inchaban reservoir
approximately 3 km north west of the site. This can provide a maximum supply of
1,820 m3 /day to T1 and can be supplemented by desalinated seawater from the T1
Desalination plant of up to 1,135m3/day. In Phase II of the T2 development, a further
Desalination plant of more than 2080m3/day capacity will be constructed to ensure
baseload freshwater demand for both the T1 and T2 plant can consistently be met.
However, should all CTGs be operated at base load for extended periods prior to the
T2 desalination plant being operative, freshwater supply could fall slightly short of
demand. In this operating scenario, temporary process adjustments can be made to
conserve water usage while allowing for full plant operation.
Wastewater
A storm water system has been constructed around the TTPP site to collect surface
water where it is discharged into the adjacent wetlands which form part of the
Anankwari River feeder system. Any potentially contaminated surface waters are
diverted to an oily water sewer system. Domestic wastewater at the site (including
from the township) is discharged into three effluent oxidation ponds to the north west.
After extended aeration the treated liquid waste is sent to sea via the common
discharge sump. Sludge wastes will be dried and landfilled approximately once every
10 years. Current process wastewater streams from TTPP are associated with the
demineralisation plant, desalination plant, chemical lagoon and oil/wastewater
collection system. Water effluent from the demineralisation process and oil water
collection system is discharged to the stormwater drain after treatment via the
neutralisation sump and the oil/water separator respectively. Water effluent from the
desalination plant and chemical lagoon eventually discharges to sea via the common
discharge sump after dilution and neutralisation respectively. Monitoring is currently
undertaken at each of the intermediate ‘treated’ process water storage areas prior to
discharge and at the final, common discharge sump.
Wastewater monitoring results for T1 for 1999 indicate that with the exception of
suspended solids, monitored results were within the relevant T1 environmental
criteria as well as 1998 World Bank and post 1995 Ghanaian criteria. Monitoring of
the neutralisation sump, oil/waste plant and chemical lagoon effluent streams for
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2000 indicates that total suspended solids exceeded the required limits. This was
due to wind blown solids, HRSG operation and from oily waste lagoon sources.
Ambient seawater monitoring indicates no significant increase in temperature as a
result of operation to date.
Noise
Construction and operation of T1 and or T2 during the 1999 and 2000 site visits
would have influenced the observed noise levels. However, noise monitoring
undertaken during the 1999 site visit at selected sensitive sites indicated that noise
levels were generally within Ghanaian EPA guidelines. The ongoing noise monitoring
results recorded in 1999 indicated that some construction activities had resulted in
noise levels at the perimeter fence exceeding 1988 World Bank guidelines. Some
specific plant was noted to exceed required standards, however, noise protection
measures have since been set up to protect workers in these areas.
Key Environmental Effects
The T2 environmental studies considered the likely environmental effects associated
with the pre-construction, construction and operation of T2. These have been
summarised below.
Physical Environment
Landscape and Visual Effects
The main landscape and visual effects, irrespective of the construction phase, are
associated with the introduction of new man-made features into an otherwise natural,
relatively attractive coastal environment. However, the adverse effects of T2 will
largely be cumulative given the presence of T1, and therefore are expected to be
relatively slight in significance. In addition it is important to bear in mind that the local
perception of landscape and visual effects by the neighbouring communities is
generally of low priority relative to the importance attached to employment, health
services and education. Irrespective of this, there is likely to be decline in any
significance attached to the adverse landscape and visual effects as the local people
become accustomed to TTPP.
Biological Environment
General Ecology, Natural Habitats and Forestry
There will be no effect on natural habitats or areas of forestry (as specifically defined
in IFC policy documents) during site preparation and/or construction of T2. This is on
account of the T2 site being located within the existing TTPP site that was cleared
and graded during the construction of T1. In addition, the ecological importance of the
area prior to site clearance for T1 was described as low in the 1995 EIA and, due to
the influence of human activity the ecology of the area would not have strictly
complied with the IFC definition of ‘natural habitat’ or ‘forestry’. Furthermore, there will
be no additional land-take as the small volume of borrow material still required will be
provided from existing borrow areas off site and construction compounds and
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laydown areas have been located on sites previously used for T1 construction. The
privately owned borrow areas supply material to many users, mainly for road
improvements. In terms of operational effects associated with the settling of stack
emissions downwind of the plant, it is concluded that there will be no effect on natural
habitats or forestry as the areas downwind of the plant largely comprise land modified
for subsistence and generally of low ecological importance. The predicted ground
level concentrations of the main pollutants associated with the plant (including T2) are
also well within specified limits.
Some degree of wildlife disturbance during construction would occur, albeit slight,
along with a potential for habitat contamination during the construction and operation
of T2. However, this is not expected to be significant given the low ecological
importance of the area and that a degree of wildlife acclimatisation to conditions on
site will occur/has occurred.
Human Environment
Cultural Property
There would be no significant effect on these issues during site preparation and
operation of T2 as no such features were either present prior to or discovered during
the construction of T1, and T2 is being constructed within the existing TTPP site
and/or affects land previously affected by T1.
Resettlement
As T2 is contained within the existing TTPP site there were no residents or squatters
present on the T2 site that would require resettling. There were also no settlements
on the site prior to the construction of the existing TTPP plant.
Child and Forced Labour
There will be no use of child and/or forced labour during the construction and
operation of T2 in accordance with Ghanaian regulations and the terms of the
construction and operations contracts.
Pest Management
There will be no operation of pest management controls as defined in the relevant
IFC policy. However, the existing use of herbicides within the substation/switchyard
at TTPP will increase due to the extension of this area to include new plant for T2.
This represents a minor incremental increase in terms of both the area affected and
quantities of spray applied and is not thought to represent a significant environmental
effect, particularly as the surrounding area is of low sensitivity to any drift of sprayed
chemicals. A ‘disinfection and fumigation’ programme for T1 will also be expanded to
include T2, but is, again not thought to represent an issue relative to the health
benefits achieved.
General Social Issues
As described in the 1999 SEIS, there will be significant benefits associated with T2
through the strengthening of the electricity power supply, which in turn will provide for
the expansion of the general economy and a consequential improvement in the
standard of living. As the power supply becomes more reliable, the inconvenience of
and damage from power outages and curtailments will also be reduced. Other
benefits include an increase in the construction and operating skills of the local
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workforce, enhancing Ghana’s future ability to construct and operate other high
technology industrial projects. There will also be temporary and permanent
employment available through the construction and operation of T2.
There will be a general slightly adverse impact on the local communities due to
disturbance associated with construction traffic on the roads leading to the site, and
there may be a potential for public health issues primarily associated with the
construction workforce. The potential extension of the construction programme with
the new T2 phasing may extend the period over which community disturbance
associated effects on air quality, noise and risk of accidents may occur. This is not
considered to be significant.
Waste Management
The revised approach to management of oil waste sludge will effectively represent a
slight improvement in terms of air quality emissions from the site as a whole. This will
be achieved through the removal of the waste product for alternative uses off site in
favour of routine incineration.
There remains a potential for improper and/or indiscriminate disposal of solid waste
generated in and around TTPP, which could in turn lead to land contamination, visual
and public health issues. However, mitigation measures are in place through the
existing Environmental Management Plan, which will be extended to cover T2 to
manage waste storage and disposal accordingly.
Environmental Quality of the Area
Environmental monitoring has shown that T2 generation equipment has achieved
excellent compliance with relevant other guidelines. With some parameters it is very
difficult to separate the effect of T2 from T1 discharges and in these instances the
discharges from the plant as a whole are considered. Examples include noise and
wastewater quality.
Ground level concentrations of the relevant air contaminants have remained within
the appropriate air quality guidelines since the TTPP first commenced generating.
Exceptions to this have been linked to identifiable external influences. Despite some
complaints and infrequent exceedances, the community noise levels do not appear to
have deteriorated significantly as a result of the T2 expansion to date. Wastewater
quality is controlled to meet limits and monitoring has demonstrated good compliance,
with exceptions being attributed to identifiable causes.
Commissioning issues and the challenging operating environment have meant that
items of pollution monitoring and control equipment have periodically suffered
outages, and the plant's location can mean significant downtime results. However,
such problems are expected to become less frequent over time, particularly as a
result of measures taken to date such as equipment adjustments and increased
stocking of spare parts, as well as the further measures proposed in the provisional
Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP).
The T2 plant is expected to reliably meet the relevant environmental guidelines.
Tables on the following pages summarise the plant's past and predicted performance
in relation to air and liquid discharges, and noise emissions. Included in the tables
are the World Bank and Ghanaian guidelines at present, as well as those at the time
of the 1995 EIA, applicable to T1.
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Air Quality
In terms of air quality there is expected to be no significant change to the conclusions
of the 1999 SEIS such that dust generation during the construction stage of T2 is
expected to have localised, short term moderate to significant adverse effects on the
local communities. T1 stack emissions results and ground level pollution
concentrations indicate that concentrations have largely been in compliance with the
relevant criteria for T1, as well as the current criteria. The exceptions include
instances where the NOx control systems have been offline and NOx stack emissions
have temporarily exceeded the appropriate criteria. For ground level monitoring,
available data also indicates compliance with required criteria. The exception relates
to ambient PM10 levels which have occasionally exceeded recent Ghanaian criteria,
and are also predicted to exceed this level once T2 becomes fully operational. The
exceedances (real and predicted) are largely due to background dust levels that
alone can exceed the criteria.
During commissioning, tests on T2's SC1 demonstrated its ability to comply with
emission limits. Available emissions results from 2000 showed T2's NOx levels have
remained within the 1998 World Bank NOx emissions criteria. There have been
instances where problems were experienced with NOx control equipment, but levels
remained within the World Bank limit for operation without NOx control except for an
occasion where the NOx levels exceeded this limit by 2%.
Ground level air quality data for the plant as a whole (where available) indicate
compliance with World Bank and Ghanaian EPA criteria for SO2, PM10 and NOx.
Predictions made in the 1999 SEIS of the cumulative effects for T1 and T2 on ground
level air quality are also within the appropriate World Bank criteria. It is of note that
owing to a change in the waste management of waste oils for TTPP as a whole, the
volume of waste oil incineration is lower, which will have a benefit for TTPP in general
as well as removing a minor cumulative effect previously associated with T2.
TTPP is the only large scale thermal power plant at the moment and consequently
makes a significant contribution to the overall Ghanaian Carbon Dioxide emission
inventory. For both T1 and T2 fired on oil under the same conditions, the Carbon
Dioxide emissions from the plant would be 0.71 million tonnes of carbon (MtC) and
the Ghanaian emission would be 1.89 MtC. For gas firing, the increased energy to
carbon ratio would result in a lower TTPP emission of 0.61 MtC, with a subsequent
Ghana CO2 emission of 1.78 MtC. However, within the context of global emissions of
CO2, Ghana’s entire CO2 contribution will represent just 1/30th of 1% of global
emissions.
In comparison with many thermal power generation plants around the world, the
TTPP is designed to generate power at a high efficiency by utilising gas turbine
technology in conjunction with a heat recovery plant and steam turbine. In combined
cycle operation, a generation efficiency of approaching 50% should be achieved.
This is in contrast to many conventional steam plants where efficiencies in the range
25 to 38% are not uncommon. Consequently, the TTPP is considered energy
efficient from the perspective of global fossil fuel power generation and emissions of
CO2.
There is a potential cumulative adverse effect with T2 compared to T1 in terms of
fogging and salt deposition from the cooling towers, the significance of which, at any
time, will depend on the prevailing meteorological conditions. The impact has been
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reduced for T1 by the installation on the cooling towers of drift eliminators, which will
also be installed on the new cooling towers proposed for T2.
Water Supply and Wastewater
A Desalination plant will be constructed during Phase IIb of T2 to supplement the
supply from the T1 Desalination plant and from Inchaban pipeline. The new T2
desalination plant will be able to supply the 382 gallons per minute needed to ensure
baseload freshwater demand for T2 can consistently be met.
Effluent quality for TTPP is currently in compliance with 1998 World Bank criteria.
While there have been some exceedances of Suspended Solids criteria these
incidents were isolated and attributed to specific process or environmental causes.
The risk of oil spill events is currently lower than for normal operation owing to
reduced operation and hence reduced LCO and diesel deliveries. However,
operation is expected to reach capacity in future and the plant therefore has relevant
oil spill procedures in place. At present these include T1’s Oil Spill Response Plan,
which is being used to cover T2 also, and annual Oil Spill Response exercises. At
the time of writing, the Response Plan was being updated and expanded to include
T2, while an Oil Spill Prevention Plan and Oil Spill Risk Assessment were also being
prepared. These are expected to be complete in May 2001 and are expected to
significantly improve the TTPP’s spill prevention capability, spill readiness and
response effectiveness.
There are expected to be no other significant adverse effects related to water supply
and wastewater issues due to the installation of a desalination plant and the
provisions made under T1.
In terms of changes to seawater temperature with T2 discharges, it is expected that
due to the pipeline design, the natural seawater temperature fluctuations, and the
higher exit velocity associated with the combined discharge flow, the cumulative
effect of T2 will not be significantly different to the modelled results for a 660 MW
scenario undertaken in 1995. It should be noted however that inclusion of a cooling
tower system provides significant mitigation in terms of reduced thermal effluent
impact on receiving waters.
International Waterways
As the single point mooring station for unloading LCO via shipping tankers is not
located within an international waterway, as defined in the IFC policy, there will be no
effect associated with the general increase in delivery frequency for T2 above that
already undertaken for T1.
Noise
Taking into account the specifics of the 1998 World Bank noise level criteria, recent
and current noise levels at TTPP, including T2 construction noise, are generally within
the stated criteria, and in particular at the nearby settlement of Aboadze. Some short-
lived high noise events have occurred which lead to complaints from the local
community, and measures to forewarn the communities are to be enforced. The
potential extension of the construction period under the new phasing for T2 will
potentially result in an additional cumulative effect, but this is not thought to be
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significant. Noise levels at one meter from selected specific T2 equipment have been
found to exceed 1998 World Bank criteria; appropriate warnings have been erected
and the use of protective measures made mandatory.
General
Overall, it is of note that under the current intermittent operating conditions at TTPP
(including T2’s SC1 and SC2) there will be a general decrease in the overall resource
inputs required and resulting discharges and noise emissions. However, it is still
planned to operate the plant continuously when the oil market is more favourable.
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Table (i) Ground Level Air Quality Summary
Contaminant Averaging Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) Time Weighted Average (TWA) in µg/m3
Time
Estimated T1 T1 T1 Actual T1 Actual T1 and T2 T1 and T2 T1 and T2 Ghanaian EPA World Bank
pre TTPP Predicted Predicted (1998) (c) (1999) (c) Predicted Predicted actual Guidelines Guidelines
Backgrd Increment Total Increments Total (2000) (g)
(a) (CC on oil) (CC on oil) (T1 CC, T2 Land T1 T2 T1 (1988) T2 (1998)
(e) (e) SC, on oil) Use (h) (i)
SO2 1hr 35 34.8 69.8 20 58.7 94 I 900
R 700
24hrs 35 23.9 58.9 65.4 11.6 47 24.7 I 200 150 500 150
R 100
1yr 35 20.5 55.5 1.3 36 I 80 100 80
R 50
NOx 1hr 7 52.7 59.7 72.9 80 I 400
R -
24hrs 7 36.5 43.5 120 (d) 49.8 14.3 21 46.0 I 320 150 150
R 60
1yr 7 31.3 38.3 1.66 9 100 100
Total 24hr 94 0.8 98.8 I 260 230 500 230
Suspended R 150
Particulate 1yr 94 0.7 98.7 I 75 100 80
(TSP) R 60
PM10 1hr 84 (b) 0.8 84.8 10.4 95 NA (f)
24hr 84 0.7 84.7 17-124 12-92 2.05 86 70 500 150
1yr 84 84.0 0.24 84 50
Note: The World Bank limits given in the World Bank’s Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook are to be used only in the absence of host country standards.
The table above demonstrates that in most cases the Ghanaian limits are stricter than those set out by the World Bank.
I = Industrial Environment
R = Residential Environment
(a) Background from 1993 two-week exercise. Statistical and seasonal variations mean the actual background may vary significantly from the figures quoted.
(b) The figure quoted for particulate was averaged over two weeks. Consequently, the hourly, 24-hr values could be expected to be higher. Particulate levels are also
very dependent on local conditions during monitoring, with dust generation varying significantly with season and weather.
(c) Values quoted here are the maximum of the TWA’s for the year. PM10 is the exception and is quoted as a range to illustrate the variability in the environment.
(d) This value was recorded in Beposo village. The monitoring sites are affected by other emission sources that are relevant when comparing to background levels
(e) The characteristics of the T1/T2 prediction differ from the T1 prediction as a result of the modelling approach and met data set used.
(f) Not available. Due to equipment breakdown and subsequent procurement difficulties no PM 10 data collected
(g) A set of Ghanaian guidelines applied at the time of the 1995 EIA submission and are relevant to T1, while updated limits at the time of the 1999 SEIS apply to T2.
(h) Applies to T1 predictions and monitoring results
(i) Applies to T1 & T2 predictions and monitoring results
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Table (ii) Stack Emissions Summary
Contaminant Averaging T1 Predicted T2 Predicted T1 Jan 99- T1 Jan 00-Dec 00 T2 Mar 00 T2 Apr 00- Dec 00 Relevant Guidelines
Basis (EIA) (SEIS) Dec 99
SO2 1hr (ng/J) 92.7 28 - 249 25 - 196 258 (j)
1hr (mg/Nm3) 330.9 <889 (h) 2000 (j)
(tpd) <2.4 (a) <2.4 <2.4 (a) <2.4 (a) <2.4 (a) <2.4 (a) 116 (k) (T1+T2 emissions)
3
NOx 1hr (mg/Nm ) 205 128-153 77 - 408 (i) 300 or
(c) (c) 400 without NOx
control (l)
1hr (ng/J) 100 82 - 415( 23 - 369 (f),(g) (c) (c) 100 (m)
d) 130
PM10 1hr (mg/Nm3) 15, 16 (b) 15, 16 (b) (e) (e) (e) [16] (e) 50(n)
Note: Figures bound in parentheses are quoted for comparison only. The corresponding guideline is not directly relevant to the bracketed figure.
(a) . This figure based on design mass discharge with 24 hour operation on 0.17% sulphur by weight crude. Fuel sulphur content is restricted to below 0.2%, and total emissions predicted to be <
2.4+2.4 = 4.8 tpd.
(b) Based on 5g/s design emission rate in combined cycle and simple cycle respectively.
(c) Data is given in the relevant units for each unit. However, for illustrative purposes, T1’s 1999 emissions achieved 98% Compliance with the 1998 World Bank 300 mg/m3 Limit under all operating
conditions, 99.5% with 400mg/m3 Limit.
(d) Exceedances that occurred were attributed to NOx control equipment failure. These were associated with the water injection control valves and have since been addressed.
(e) Not measured as a result of very low anticipated emissions. The value indicated in brackets for T2 Apr 00 - Dec 00 is as per estimates for simple cycle operation.
(f) Injection system problems over this period were linked to demineralisation problems and led to higher NOx. 89% compliance with 1988 World Bank Limit over this period.
(g) Fuel-bound Nitrogen (FBN) allowance would lift limit to 174ng/J for Jan-Mar 2000, 222ng/J for Apr December 2000
(h) Based on maximum measured value from T1 monitoring (249ng/J). Note that SO2 emissions are limited by the <0.2% Fuel Sulphur content, and this value represents the likely peak
(i) A 2% exceedance of the upper limit occurred during NOx control failure arising from demineralisation issues, otherwise compliance with limits is approximately 100% (AER 2000)
(j) 258 ng/J Canadian Guideline taken as effective World Bank guideline for T1. 1998 World Bank Guideline of 2000mg/Nm3 flue gas (0oC, 1 atm, 15% O2) concentration applies to T2, however SO2
not measured due to fuel-Sulphur control.
(k) This 1998 World Bank guideline is cumulative for the site. Based on 0.2tpd/MW x 500MW for first 500MW, 0.1tpd/MW for each additional MW over 500MW to 660MW (TTPP) for non-degraded
airsheds.
(l) World Bank PPAH Limits 1998, applying to T2. "Without NOx control" refers to scenarios where there are technical difficulties such as scarcity of water for water injection. TTPP countered water
issues by employing purification plant, during the establishment of which issues arose that affected the NOx water injection. World Bank advise that the 300mg/m3 limit applies to TTPP's ongoing
operation and they require that during ongoing operation the NOx control equipment will be operated in a way that ensures compliance with the 300mg/m3 limit.
(m) 100ng/J is the T1 limit required subsequent to the 1995 EIA. 130ng/J was the World Bank 1988 Limit. A Fuel Bound Nitrogen uplift, as introduced after 1995, is considered against the World
Bank limit in note g to indicate how it might have affected earlier World Bank guidelines.
(n) 1998 World Bank PPAH Guideline.
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Table (iii) Wastewater Quality Summary
Contaminant T1 Predicted T1 Actual T1 and T2 (As T1 and T2 Ghanaian EPA World Bank World Bank
Levels Levels (1999) Controlled By (2000) Guidelines Guidelines Guidelines
Process) 1988 1998 (e)
BOD5 (mg/L) 20 NA (a) NA 50 30
Suspended Solids (mg/L) 25 0.6-80 (b) 8-116 (b) 50 30 50
Total Coliform (100mL) 100 0 0 0 - 100
pH 6.5-9 6.5-9 6.5-9 6.5-10 6-9 6-9 6-9
Oil and Grease (mg/L) 5 <5 <5 NVS (d) 5 5/NVS 10
Temperature (oC) 0.12oC below 0.10oC above <3oC above <3oC above <3oC above
ambient (c) at ambient at beach ambient at edge ambient at edge ambient at edge
beach (Aboadze) of mixing zone of mixing zone of mixing zone
(Aboadze)
Total Residual Chlorine <0.2 (f) <0.2 (f) <0.2
(mg/L)
Chromium (Total) (mg/L) <0.5 (f) <0.5 (f) <0.5
Copper (mg/L) <0.5 (f) <0.5 (f) <0.5
Iron (mg/L) <1.0 (f) <1.0 (f) <1.0
Zinc (mg/L) <0.5 (f) <1.0 (f) <1.0
(a) Not applicable - irrelevant to the discharge types involved
(b) Limit exceeded 4 times per year
o
(c) 'Ambient' taken as 1998 baseline annual average beach-side sea temperature down-current at Aboadze (26.29 C)
(d) No Visible Sheen, taken as 5mg/L
(e) PPAH Effluent Levels required for new Thermal Power Plant. These guidelines also include Total Residual Chlorine, Total Chromium, Copper, Iron and Zinc. While
Chlorine and Iron are measured and checked prior to discharge, the remainders are not presently measured at the TTPP as the nature of the discharge does not require it.
(f) These parameters are controlled by waste treatment measures but did not form part of the Ghanaian EPA criteria to which TTPP has been operating. Testing for Copper
and Iron is however proposed in the provisional EMP.
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Table (iv) Noise Level Summary
Location Background T1 Predicted T1 Predicted T1 Actual T1&2 T1&2 Actual Ghanaian World Bank
Noise Levels Levels (L Aeq Levels (L Aeq Levels (1999 Predicted Levels (Sept EPA Guidelines (i)
(1993 dB) In SC dB) In CC Survey) (d) Levels (L -Dec 2000) Guidelines
Survey) (a) Aeq dB) CC (e)
Day Night Day Night
Beach at Amazu 42.3-54.9 36 40 58.3 43 55 (h) 48 55 (j) 45
Lorry Park, Aboadze 44-56 (b) 40 44 48.8-53.9 47 55 (h) 48 55 (j) 45
Aboadze Monitoring 42.3-49.5 (c) 36 40 43.4- 50.3 42 44-62 (f) 55 (h) 48 55 (j) 45
Station
VRA Township NA 40 43 40.4-59.1 45 44-62 (f) 55 (h) 48 55 (j) 45
TTPP Boundary 50.1-62.6 40-72 (g) 55 (h) 48 55 (j) 45
(a) These background levels were from an isolated noise survey and may vary in relation to environmental or development factors. For example, noise from wave action was
observed in the 1993 survey at Amazu.
(b) The background location was actually Methodist Church in Aboadze, used for comparison.
(c) The background location was actually Primary School in Aboadze, used for comparison.
(d) Construction activities were occurring during this survey.
(e) Levels after September 2000 are given because this period excluded major construction activities
(f) All months measured <= 55 with exception of December
(g) An increase in noise levels was observed on the North, West and South boundaries, likely to be a result of the expansion. However, noise levels in the community do not
appear to been appreciably affected by this.
(h) "Residential areas with negligible or infrequent transportation.
(i) These are the most recent 1998 PPAH standards and apply to the property boundary. The 1988 standards relevant to the T1-only phase of operation apply to the perimeter
fence.
(j) "Residential/Educational/Institutional"
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Recommended Mitigation Measures and Net Environmental Effects
The following comprises recommendations for mitigation measures for T2, as
described in the 1999 SEIS and Addendum Environmental Report:
Landscape and TIC to ensure accidental vegetation clearance or disturbance in
Visual Issues areas not previously affected by T1 during construction is
reduced. Extend the landscape planting proposals developed for
T1 to accommodate T2, and commence planting as soon as
practical to quickly maximise the benefits of the planting.
In terms of residual effects, there will inevitably be an adverse
residual effect due to the large scale of TTPP. However a degree
of acclimatisation will assist in reducing the significance of the
residual effect. TTPP will inevitably form a distinctive man-made
landmark on the coastline.
Ecology Mitigation measures to be incorporated during the construction
include utilising existing T1 construction storage/laydown areas,
incorporating native species common to the area into the
landscape planting proposals and extending the landscape
planting plans to include the replanting of former borrow areas,
construction laydown areas used for T2 once construction is
complete. The Environment Manager will be responsible for
implementation, in conjunction with TIC and the EPA.
The main residual ecological effects are likely to be associated
with the operation of the plant through air emissions, possible
pollution through accidents and a minor degree of wildlife
disturbance. However, it is expected that in the long term, the
conversion of TTPP to natural gas, the setting up of emergency
contingency plans and the continued acclimatisation of the wildlife
to TTPP will reduce the significance of any residual effects to
minimal.
General Social The Community Impact Agreement initiated under T1 will continue
Issues to provide mitigation for T2, through, for example providing a
forum for any concerns etc. of the local communities to be voiced
about T2 construction activities. Provision of public health
awareness training to T2 construction and operations personnel
and the extension of anti-malaria mosquito spraying to T2 areas
will help reduce any associated public health problems. In terms
of pest management it is recommended that measures be taken
to avoid drift of sprayed chemicals beyond the target area. These
will include spraying under calm conditions, using environmentally
acceptable chemicals where practical and storing, handling and
disposing of unused chemicals appropriately. In order to control
the distribution of waste oil sludge containing high levels of heavy
metals from TTPP to other sites (such as Tema Oil Refinery),
regular monitoring of the waste oil sludge will be undertaken prior
to its collection by other companies.
It is expected that with the implementation of mitigation measures
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there will be no significant residual effects beyond the
construction and operations phase.
Air Quality Mitigation measures to limit dust generation during the
construction stage include traffic management, protecting
stockpiles of material and damping down areas. In terms of the
operation of T2, mitigation measures associated with the design
of the plant (which are in agreement with those for T1), such as
the use of water injection for NOx emissions control will help to
reduce the cumulative impact of TTPP. T2 stack height will be
40m upon completion and the sulphur content of the crude oil
used is limited to 0.2% by weight. The monitoring programme for
both stack emissions and ground level concentrations at selected
sensitive sites will help to ensure compliance with appropriate
criteria is maintained. TIC will be responsible for the effectiveness
of this programme for T2.
While a localised residual air quality effect will remain despite the
emission control design of TTPP, this is expected to be of minor
significance given that ground level NO2 and SO2 predictions for
the cumulative impact of TTPP will remain within relevant criteria
in particular. In terms of global CO2 emissions, as Ghana’s CO2
emissions will remain a very small percentage of total CO2
emissions, the residual effect is considered to be slight.
Water Supply Precautions will be taken to prevent spillage accidents during the
and T2 construction phase, and oil and fuel areas will be bunded. TIC
Wastewater will ensure appropriate training is provided on the handling,
storage and disposal of hazardous materials and the upgrading
and implementation of emergency spill response measures by
TIC’s consultants will reduce the significance and impact of any
incidents during construction. The closed cooling system was
chosen to mitigate thermal discharge and the wastewater
discharge monitoring plan will help to ensure discharges are in
compliance with appropriate guidelines. Containment areas have
been provided for oil/fuel storage tanks and appropriate
separation of runoff and process wastewater has been provided
to ensure treatment prior to discharge to the stormwater drains
and/or discharge to the sea.
It is considered that overall there will be no significant residual
effect with the construction and operation of T2.
Noise Mitigation measures to limit noise during construction include
providing screens, using exhaust and equipment silencers and
minimising nighttime activities. Advance warnings of particularly
noisy construction activities are also provided to local
communities, where such noise cannot be mitigated.
The Environmental Manager’s ongoing TTPP monitoring
programme will ensure compliance with the appropriate criteria
during the combined operation of T1 and T2, as well as provide a
warning for any particularly noisy construction activities during T2.
In terms of occupational noise levels associated with specific
plant equipment, monitoring will be undertaken by the
Environmental Manager and Assistant Environmental Manager.
Appropriate measures such as provision of ear protection and
placing of warning signs will be implemented where the plant is
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found to exceed occupational noise limits.
As the predicted cumulative noise effects of T1 and T2 are not
predicted to exceed appropriate noise criteria at specific selected
sites, it is considered that the inevitable residual noise effects will
be minor. Residual noise effects associated with the construction
of T2 will last the duration of the construction stage only.
With regard to any net effects associated with T2 (i.e. after taking into account the
mitigation measures outlined in the 1999 SEIS and above), it is concluded that
overall, provided the Provisional EMMP for T2 is implemented and enforced during
the remaining construction phase and operational phase, there will be no resulting
long-term significantly adverse net environmental effects. A summary of the matters
covered by the Provisional EMMP is given below, while the EMMP has been repeated
along with progress updates within the Addendum.
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SUMMARY OF PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
EMP ISSUE DESCRIPTION OF ACTION
1. GENERIC Mitigation Measures and Monitoring
RESPONSIBILITIES 1. Setting up the EMP. Define job descriptions for and appoint staff
AND ROLES 2. TIC Environmental Policy.
3. Complete EMP.
4. Annual Environmental Report (AER).
5. Environmental technical training..
6. Awareness training.
7. Documentation
8. Record site conditions prior to any construction work.
9. Prepare site plans and restoration plans
10. Public and Authority/Agency Liaison.
11. Development of an Environmental Management System (EMS)
12. Audit Review Programme.
2. AIR QUALITY Mitigation Measures
1. Ensure measures taken to control dust emissions.
2. Ensure measures taken to install and efficiently operate NOx control equipment.
3. Ensure stack height is adequate for dispersion of turbine emissions.
4. Ensure sufficient emission controls and adequate maintenance of plant vehicles
Monitoring
1. Design and set up monitoring programme.
2. Purchase and install air emissions monitoring equipment for T2.
3. Develop air quality monitoring procedures to include appropriate calibration/maintenance.
4. Undertake staff training.
5. Undertake air quality monitoring
6. Tabulate data and interpret ready for inclusion in AER.
7. Commitment to preventative maintenance of monitoring equipment (3 month intervals)
3. SOCIO- Mitigation Measures
ECONOMIC AND 1. Public Health. Ensure air quality mitigation measures are adequately controlled.
PUBLIC HEALTH Mitigation
ISSUES 2. Socio-economics.
a. Maintain the Community Impact Agreement set up under T1.
b. Measures to reduce risks of accidents on improved roads, for example raising risk
awareness.
c. Raise the awareness of the risk posed by HIV /AIDS with respect to prostitution.
Monitoring
1. Public health.
Air quality monitoring programme
2. Socio-economics
a. VRA to continue with current monitoring with additional monitoring to ensure the mitigation
measures in place for T1 are sufficient to cope with the demands of T2.
b. Monitor local traffic accidents, health statistics and success of awareness raising measures.
c. Monitor the land-use in the area immediately surrounding the site.
4. WATER AND Mitigation Measures
WASTEWATER 1.Water supply. Potable water for Phase 1 of the plant. Desalination plant for T2.
ISSUES 2. Wastewater treatment facilities include septic tanks and .the sewage lagoons already
installed for T1, which are suitable for combined operation of T1 and T2. Effluents are
discharged to local surface waters (Anankwari River feeder stream) initially, and then into the
ocean upon completion of the seawater discharge pipeline installed under contract T1.
3. Stormwater site drainage. Maintain boundary collection systems. Contain and treat spills.
4. Collect and treat wastewater from the plant.
Monitoring
1. Establish Effluent and Water Quality Monitoring Programme.
2. Purchase water effluent monitoring equipment and install as necessary in laboratory.
3. Develop adequate monitoring procedures.
4. Undertake staff training.
5. Undertake water quality monitoring.
6. Tabulate data and interpret.
7. Provide commitment to maintenance.
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5. NOISE Mitigation Measures
1. Ensure plant components are selected to meet noise specifications.
2. Ensure sufficient noise controls at source.
3. Ensure noise bund is as required.
4. Control construction work times.
Monitoring
1. Design and set up monitoring programme Sites not permanent.
2. Purchase further noise monitoring equipment (part of start up and testing effort) if required.
3. Enhance noise monitoring procedures and actions in the event of non-compliance.
4. Undertake/continue additional staff training.
5. Undertake noise monitoring in accordance with methods and procedures.
6. Tabulate data and interpret.
7. Monitor site operations to identify where careless practices are contributing to noise
emissions.
6. ACCESS AND Mitigation Measures
TRAFFIC 1. Existing access and haul routes will be used for transport of construction materials.
2. Controlled loading of materials on and off vehicles.
3. Appropriate Speed Limits will be set on all roads used by plant traffic.
4. Proper maintenance of site vehicles.
5. Provision of bus service to reduce road traffic.
6. Vehicle speed control measures, education programmes and hazards awareness guidance.
Monitoring
No monitoring proposed.
7. LAND ISSUES Mitigation Measures
AND WASTE 1. Local borrow areas will be rehabilitated to former condition by contractor, audited by EM.
MANAGEMENT 2. Waste management procedures will be developed and a waste management manual
produced.
3. Providing training, safety equipment, and hazard guidance to waste management personnel.
4. Isolation and treatment of Waste Oils. Efficient and timely operation of treatment equipment..
5. Sludge Waste from Oxidation Ponds dredged and landfilled or used locally for agriculture.
6. Solid wastes from construction and operation phases will be transported to local landfill.
Monitoring
1. Operation of Oily waste treatment will be monitored, audited and maintained for efficiency.
2. Undertake an audit of waste management procedures and practices for operation of T1. An
audit of waste carrier and landfill site will be undertaken. Prescribe mitigation measures.
8.ECOLOGICAL Mitigation Measures
EFFECTS 1. All operations will remain within the existing site fence line. Areas already cleared of
vegetation for the construction lay down sites during construction of T1 will be used during T2.
2. Re-vegetation of areas following construction.
3. Landscape screen planting will be undertaken using appropriate native species.
4. Restoration of borrow areas by contractor, using native species for planting.
5. Specific routes for construction vehicles to avoid off-road vehicle movements.
Monitoring
1.Brief annual ecological walkover survey to assess ecological effects.
2. Restoration of borrow areas will be periodically assessed.
9. LANDSCAPE Mitigation Measures
AND VISUAL 1. Ensure that no disturbance/ encroachment occurs in areas not previously effected by T1.
EFFECTS 2. Design landscape scheme including suitable native trees and other local species.
3. Implement planting scheme as quickly as practically possible.
Monitoring
1. Ensure planting programme is effective by monitoring tree health and replanting as
necessary.
10. RISK Mitigation Measures
MANAGEMENT 1. Staff will be educated as to spillage and explosion risks, prevention and response.
2. Review of existing contingency plans for incident management, updated as required.
Monitoring Measures
1.Check accident records and the procedures which are used to record incidents.
2. Audit clean up operations for any spills that occur.
3. 5-monthly checks on storage facilities, general housekeeping with repair or upgrade as
needed.
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Health and Safety Issues and Risk Management
Health and Safety Issues
The T2 expansion project has been designed in accordance with a range of
standards and industry specifications for its mechanical, chemical, electrical, civil,
structural and architectural elements, including US Department of Labour’s
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), World Bank Health and
Safety Guidelines and Ghanaian Workers Rights Requirements. In addition, BVI, the
EPC contractor for T2 are committed to operate under a corporate health and safety
(H&S) plan which seeks to ensure a safe working environment for all personnel,
clients and customers, consistent with governmental H&S requirements. This in turn
provides policy and procedure guidance on a broad spectrum of issues, including
those particularly highlighted by the World Bank/IFC guidelines, including for example
training, emergency/medical injury, general safety, reporting and environmental
protection. The operations and maintenance H&S manual for T2 has been prepared
and is currently in use. The policies and procedures were prepared with due
reference to the requirements of OSHA.
Risk Management
Risk management was discussed in the 1999 SEIS. This identified that there would
be a change in the risk of oil spills, fire and explosions or new risks occurring during
the construction and operation of T2 compared to the situation associated with T1.
However, appropriate mitigation measures have already been incorporated into the
design and specification of the plant, equipment and management systems to assist
in preventing accidents occurring. Training programmes and safety equipment set up
for all stages of T2 to contain and manage any such incidents and to reduce the
scale, nature and significance of any potential impacts that may result. Monitoring
programme set up under T1 will be continued for T2.
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Conclusions of the Addendum
Specific to addressing the environmental and social issues requested by IFC/OPIC, it
is concluded that due largely to the former land use of the T2 construction site and
temporary storage and compound areas (i.e. it had already been cleared and/or in
use for T1) there has been no effect on natural habitats, forestry; cultural property;
and involuntary resettlement.
Ghanaian worker’s rights legislation does not permit the use of child or forced labour
and the Contractor’s EPC Agreement enforces this requirement. No such practices
occur on the TTPP site (operations and construction).
In terms of pest management, those activities that are undertaken on site are small
scale compared to the types of project referred to in OP 4.09. Given the health
benefits associated with limiting the prevalence of mosquitoes and the small area to
be sprayed with appropriate herbicides, the overall effect of T2 on this topic is
expected to be minor to negligible.
As the fuel supply pipeline and SPM are not directly affecting an international
waterway and T2 will share the existing facilities, it is concluded that there is no
adverse effect on this issue.
The World Bank’s Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook indicates that local
standards need to be complied with, or where relevant local guidelines do not exist
the World Bank guidelines may provide a basis for negotiating site-specific
agreements between regulators and enterprises. Generally speaking the IFC expects
compliance with both sets of guidelines. Although the air, water and noise monitoring
programme has indicated high results on occasion, these have been attributed to
specific short-term source difficulties that have subsequently been addressed. The
T2 project should comply with the relevant guidelines for air and water quality and
noise levels.
It is considered that overall, there has been no significant adverse change to the
environmental impacts (beneficial and adverse) described in the 1999 SEIS as a
result of the minor changes to T2 since March 1999. This is on account of there
being no substantial change to the design of the plant. While the construction phase
has essentially extended, provided the appropriate construction phase mitigation
measures are employed as discussed, any associated construction effects should
continue to last for the duration of the construction period only.
With the upgrading and expansion of the existing T1 environmental management
policies and procedures to accommodate T2, the environmental quality monitoring
and pollution prevention response procedures, it is expected that the residual effect of
T2 will be minor. Recommendations laid out in the framework for the Environmental
Management and Monitoring Plan should also ensure a greater level of environmental
protection.
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
GIBB Limited was commissioned by Takoradi International Company (TIC) in 1999 to
prepare a Supplementary Environmental Impact Statement (referred to hereafter as
the ‘1999 SEIS’) for the proposed expansion (T2) of the Takoradi Thermal Power
Plant (TTPP), Ghana. The 1999 SEIS supplemented an environmental impact
assessment (EIA) undertaken in 19954 in connection with the existing TTPP (referred
to as T1) and addressed specific environmental topics as requested following
consultation with Ghanaian Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The 1999 SEIS
was prepared in support of an application for an Environmental Approval from the
EPA, as necessary under their requirements, to construct and operate T2. The
Environmental Approval was granted in April 1999.
TIC are now seeking to apply for funding for the third phase of the T2 project from the
International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, and/or
the Overseas Private Investments Corporation (OPIC), a US Government sponsored
body that provides financial support to US companies constructing and operating
development projects outside the US. Initial contact with these two organisations has
lead to the request of additional environmental information and, specifically, the
production of an Addendum to the 1999 SEIS, a standalone Executive Summary for
distribution, the preparation of a Public Consultation Disclosure Plan (PCDP) for
future implementation and provision of other supportive documentation5 (see
Appendix A, Volume 2).
The Addendum is to address certain environmental and social areas that form the
focus of IFC’s safeguarding policies to ensure potential investment projects are
environmentally and socially acceptable (see section 1.2, below). It is understood that
the content of the Addendum will also satisfy OPIC along with the provision of
additional supportive documentation2. This document has been structured with due
reference to IFC’s EIA guidelines.
It is important to note that the Addendum should be read in connection with the 1999
SEIS as, by the nature of this report, the reproduction of information contained in the
1999 SEIS has been kept to a minimum, and cross-referencing has therefore been
maximised accordingly.
1.2 Objectives of the Addendum
The objectives of the Addendum are to:
• Update and upgrade the details provided in the 1999 SEIS with due reference to the
topics which constitute IFC’s environmental and social safeguarding policies,
including:
4
Acres International Ltd., Takoradi Thermal Plant Environmental Assessment, Volumes 1 and 2, 1995.
5
Including the Spill Prevention Countercontrol Plan, Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan,
environmental and health and safety training programmes, and details of the quality of wastes/sludges to be
burnt.
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− Natural Habitats (OP 4.04);
− Pest Management (OP 4.09);
− Safeguarding Cultural Property (OPN 11.03);
− Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30);
− Forestry (OP 4.36);
− Project on International Waterways (OP 7.50); and
− Policy statement on Child Labour and Forced Labour.
• Include reference to the following:
− IFC’s policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01);
− World Bank Group Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Abatement
for new Thermal Power Plants6; and
− IFC’s General Health and Safety Guidelines, 1998.
• Provide an update to the 1999 SEIS in general, describing any project and
environmental changes that have occurred since its preparation in March 1999, taking
into account additional issues that have been requested by IFC and OPIC following
their site visit on 29 May – 2 June 2000.
• Address in more detail, where relevant, the nature of the ‘Common Facilities’ for T2
(i.e. those facilities that will be shared with T1) and:
− consider the potential environmental and social implications of the
facilities relative to the above topics in particular;
− describe the status with regard to EIAs that may have been produced
or underway; and
− describe any relevant environment procedures.
A detailed listing of the specific requirements for the preparation of the Addendum
and PCDP is contained in Appendix A, Volume 2.
1.3 Study Methodology
The Addendum EIA has been undertaken with due reference to the IFC
environmental guidance contained in IFC’s Environmental Policies, OP 4.01
‘Environmental Assessment’, and to the World Bank environmental quality criteria for
Thermal Power Plants3.
Tasks undertaken in connection with the Addendum EIA include the following:
• Site visit in May 2000 by an EIA specialist from GIBB Ltd;
• Review of current status of T2 relative to the conditions described in the 1999 SEIS,
collection of additional project data and undertaking further consultations with key on-
site personnel regarding various aspects of the T2 project and in connection with
T1(see Appendix D);
6
World Bank Group ‘Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook’ – Thermal Power: Guidelines for New
Plants’, July 1998.
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• Review of documentation provided on site and relevant information previously
provided in connection with the preparation of 1999 SEIS;
• Updated assessment of nature and significance of any changes made to T2 design
and activities on site during site preparation and construction, and/or for future
operation since preparation of 1999 SEIS;
• Assessment of nature and potential effects of T2 on specific environmental topics
identified by IFC, OPIC (see Appendix A) and relative to World Bank criteria.
• Identification of additional appropriate mitigation measures and amendments to the
Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) where relevant, to account
for any changes in design and/or changes in potential impacts since the preparation
of the 1999 SEIS;
• Identification of any information gaps and recommendations for further studies, where
relevant.
As required under OP 4.01, the project team involved in the preparation of this
Addendum EIA Report is described in Appendix B, Volume 2 to this Addendum.
1.4 Structure of Addendum
The content of this report is summarised below, and has been developed with
reference to Appendix B of IFC’s Environmental Assessment guidance note (OP
4.01):
Section 2 Policy, Legal and Administrative Work;
Section 3 Takoradi 2 Project Overview;
Section 4 Baseline Environmental Conditions;
Section 5 Significant Environmental Effects;
Section 6 Mitigation Measures and Likely Net Environmental Effects;
Section 7 Health and Safety Management for T2;
Section 8 Environmental Management and Monitoring Programme, T2;
Section 9 Conclusions.
Figures prepared in support of the text and photographs are provided at the end of
this report. Appendices containing the following, are provided as a separate volume:
Appendix A IFC and OPIC Addendum Requirements;
Appendix B List of Addendum EIA Report Preparers;
Appendix C References and Information Sources;
Appendix D Record of Consultations;
Appendix E Supporting Environmental Data; and
Appendix F List of Associated Reports.
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2 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction
This section comprises a summary of any key changes to Ghanaian EPA and
environmental procedures since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS and the procedures
and standards associated with the main organisations involved with the realisation or
funding or control of T2.
2.2 National Environmental Requirements
As of July 2000 there had been no further relevant changes to Ghanaian
environmental procedures or environmental quality criteria and standards that directly
affect T2 since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS. It is understood that no further
developments have occurred since then.
The 1999 SEIS was produced in accordance with Ghanaian EIA regulations in
support of an application for an Environmental Approval for the T2 project in March
1999. The report was accepted and the EPA granted an Environmental Approval for
the construction of the T2 project in April 1999. A full permit or Environmental
Certificate will be issued after the plant has been proved to perform satisfactorily and
comply with appropriate criteria for one year.
2.3 Project Sponsors and Stakeholders
The following parties are either currently involved in, or potentially involved in the
design, construction, operation and funding of the T2 project:
Project Sponsor TIC (comprising a partnership between Volta River
Authority (VRA) and CMS Energy);
EPC Contractor Black and Veatch International, and Overland
Contracting Inc.;
Operator CMS International Operating Company;
Potential Lending Agencies IFC and OPIC.
2.3.1 TIC
Takoradi International Company, a Cayman Islands limited company is a joint venture
company part owned by CMS Energy and VRA. CMS Energy Corporation is an
international energy infrastructure company with main business areas in oil and gas
extraction, natural gas transportation, processing and storage, electricity generation,
gas and electricity distribution, and energy marketing. VRA is a public-owned utility
engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in Ghana.
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At this stage it has not yet been confirmed as to whether one single operator will be
used to operate T1 and T2 of TTPP or whether the facilities will be operated
separately. At this stage, TIC is responsible for T2.
2.3.2 Black and Veatch International
Black and Veatch International (BVI) has been contracted by TIC to construct the
plant, as assisted by appointed sub-contractors. BVI is managing the construction of
T2 (Phase 1 and 2) under its own Safety Manual and relative to specific construction,
mechanical and quality assurance specifications7,8. The manual and specifications
document are held at BVI’s site offices and implemented and monitored by BVI’s
supervisory teams under BVI’s construction quality control system9.
BVI have also been contracted to start up and test T2 prior to handing it over to TIC
for full-scale operation; this includes preparing appropriate operation and
maintenance manuals, provision of training and preparation of a schedule of spare
parts. Additional to the EPC Agreement, BVI were responsible for constructing the
new treated LCO tank as part of a change order to the original EPC Agreement.
2.3.3 Overland Contracting Inc.
Overland Contracting Incorporated. (OCI), a subsidiary of Black and Veatch, have
been contracted to perform and provide all design, engineering, procurement and
other work required to build the T2 combined cycle power plant (incorporating the
simple cycle units 1 and 2 and the combined cycle unit).
2.3.4 CMS International Operating Company
CMS International Operating Company (CMSI), an affiliate of the CMS Generation
Company in the US, is a Cayman Islands limited liability company that is registered to
operate in Ghana. It has been contracted by TIC to be the Operator of the T2
facilities. CMSI responsibilities include staffing and training personnel in addition to
the operation and maintenance of all equipment installed at the T2 plant site. The
operation of the facility will be undertaken in accordance with the Restated Power
Purchase Agreement between TIC and VRA and to the applicable rules, regulations
and requirements associated with the T2 project documents.
2.3.5 IFC
IFC require that projects applying for funding should be:
• environmentally and socially acceptable in accordance with IFC environmental and
social policies (see section 1.2);
• in accordance with the World Bank Group’s Pollution Prevention and Abatement
Handbook, 1998;
• meet provisions set in the World Bank Group’s Occupational Health and Safety
Guidelines
• in accordance with the host country’s environmental requirements.
7
Black and Veatch Construction Inc., Safety Manual, August 1999.
8
Black and Veatch Construction Inc, Takoradi 2, Simple Cycle Power Plant Specification and Document for
General Construction (no date).
9
Black and Veatch Construction Inc., Power Division Construction Quality Control System (no date).
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After submission of the Addendum, it will be posted for public review on the World
Bank Infoshop and will be disclosed locally for information to the Ghanaian EPA and
Energy Commission by TIC. A provisional Public Consultation Disclosure Plan for the
Addendum has been prepared separately and outlines the approach to be taken to
distribute the Addendum in accordance with IFC guidance. On release into the public
domain, a period of no less that 60 days prior to the IFC board meeting considering
this investment is allowed for receipt of public comments.
2.3.6 OPIC
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) typically require compliance with
their own draft Environmental Assessment Handbook (April 1999) and with World
Bank and other environmental standards in force in the country where the project is to
be located. However, specific to this project, it is understood that work undertaken to
address IFC’s specific requirements will be sufficient to meet OPIC’s requirements
along with the provision of the following in support of the Addendum EIA and PCDP:
• information on oil spill prevention and control measures;
• the Environmental Management and Monitoring plan and training details; and
• waste sludge analyses are provided.
OPIC also require a 60 day public comment review period during which the
Addendum will be made available via OPIC’s web site, although this period may be
required to extend to 120 days in order to satisfy USED requirements, as a key OPIC
stakeholder.
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3 TAKORADI 2 PROJECT OVERVIEW
3.1 Introduction
This section comprises the following:
• A brief description of the background to TTPP, including an outline commentary on
the state of progress of T1, and the development of the T2;
• A summary description of the T2 project including its objectives, design philosophy,
key features of the project and alternatives previously considered.
• An outline of the main site preparation, construction and operational activities so far
undertaken and still outstanding. In particular this part of the section highlights the
changes to the construction phasing which have taken place since the preparation of
the 1999 SEIS and provides updated information on T2 obtained during the May 2000
site visit.
• A summary of the shared facilities between T1 and T2, including a commentary on
the current status with the transmission lines and future gas pipeline.
• A summary of the key changes to T2 since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS.
As this report forms an addendum to the 1999 SEIS, which in turn supplemented the
1995 EIA Report, duplication of details contained within both these reports has been
limited to a minimum; where appropriate, reference to the relevant section in the 1999
SEIS and 1995 EIA Report has been made.
Additional information sources used for this section (that is those that are additional to
or updated versions of those listed in Section 2.1 of the 1999 SEIS) have been listed
in Appendix B, Volume 2.
In the context of this Addendum, ‘the site’ refers to the area on which T2 is to be
constructed, which in turn lies within the fence erected for T1, see Figure 3.1.
3.2 Background and Status of the TTPP Development
TTPP was largely developed in response to a consistently high level of domestic
demand for energy generation in Ghana which far exceeded the actual capacity for
energy generation available, as well as exceeding projected annual average long
term capacity levels. It was subsequently identified that expanding Ghana’s power
generating capacity through the use of combustion turbine technology was preferable
to expanding the existing hydro-electric system10. TTPP (i.e. T1) was initially
developed as a 330 MW combined cycle generating plant comprising two 110 MW
combustion turbines, one 110 MW steam turbine with heat recovery steam
generators, associated transmission lines and other facilities in 1995. The provision
for the future expansion of TTPP, i.e. allowing for a doubling in generating capacity,
was designed into T1 at the start.
10
Ghana Generation Planning Study, 1985.
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The current project status for T1 is as follows:
• December 1997 Commercial operation of first simple cycle 110 MW
combustion turbine (unit 1);
• January 1998 Commercial operation of second simple cycle 110 MW
combustion turbine (unit 2);
• April 1999 Start of commissioning activities on steam turbine and
generator (T1 combined cycle);
• February 2000 Steam turbine taken out of service as a result of an
electrical failure. Repair work has now been completed.
• March 2000 Unit 2 taken out of service due to mechanical failure.
Repair work is currently underway. Combined cycle
placed on hold as a consequence of repair work then
commissioned in November 2000.
Prior to the shutdown of T1’s Unit 2 in March 2000, the use of T1 has largely been in
response to peak evening demand, as well as providing an alternative energy supply
when imported sources have been interrupted. At this stage, T1’s Unit 1 is generally
operating at baseload while T2’s Simple Cycle units (SC1 and SC2) are currently
being used to provide energy during the evening peak hour, whereby each unit is
generally used separately on alternate days, unless required to operate together to
meet demand.
As described in section 2.2.2 of 1999 SEIS, T2 has been developed as a fast track
expansion project for T1 in response to the continuing and rapid growth in domestic
demand. Consequently, T2 was designed to be constructed within the TTPP site, use
the same technology as T1, where feasible and practical, and share and interface
with as many of T1 systems and facilities (such as power distribution) as possible.
A ‘Do-Nothing’ scenario (i.e. a scenario where T2 is not constructed) was described in
section 2.2.2 of the 1999 SEIS. Significantly, it was concluded that without T2, it
would be necessary at some point to develop a second combustion turbine plant at a
new location. This in turn would have potentially greater environmental implications
than those attributed to the expansion of an existing development.
3.3 T2 Project
3.3.1 Geographical Location, Site Characteristics and Land Use
The location and site layout from TTPP, incorporating T2 is shown on Figure 3.1.
[See also Photograph Sheet 1, Photograph 1.]
The T2 site occupies an area of land approximately 7.5 ha in size within the existing
TTPP site. The total TTPP area is approximately 168 ha, which comprises T1 and
facilities (26.5 ha), township (72 ha, including recreational facilities), T2 (7.5 ha) with
the remaining 62 ha consisting of construction laydown, wetland and the site for a
future clinic. The TTPP site is located on the southwest coast of Ghana
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approximately 15 km north east of Takoradi town and between 1 to 2 km from the
nearest settlement, Aboadze.
In terms of land use, the site for T2 is incorporated within TTPP and had therefore
already been cleared of vegetation and regraded as part of the site preparation and
construction of T1 in 1996.
The geographical location, site characteristics and former land use of the T2 site are
described in section 2.2.1 of 1999 SEIS; a more detailed description of the site is
provided in section 4.1 of the 1995 EIS.
3.3.2 Objectives of T2
The objectives of T2 are described in section 2.2.2 of the 1999 SEIS.
3.3.3 Design Philosophy for T2
This information has been provided to highlight the key criteria for the T2 project, as
well as to highlight the positive environmental aspects already incorporated into the
T2 design.
The Agreement for T2 between TIC and BVI/OCI sets out the contract and
requirements for the design, procurement, construction, start-up and test operation of
the plant and outlines a minimum compliance with a range of standards and industry
specifications for the mechanical, chemical, electrical, civil, structural and
architectural design of T2, including, for example11,12:
• World Bank’s Pollution Prevention and Abatement Guidelines for Thermal Power
Plants (1998), Health and Safety Guidelines and Worker Rights Requirements;
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI);
• American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM);
• American Petroleum Institute (API);
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA);
• US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA);
• National Electrical Code (NEC);
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE); and
• Ghanaian national, regional and/or local regulations.
Taking into account the above, key environmentally positive design features for T2
include the following:
11
Amended and Restated Agreement between Takoradi International Company and Overland Contracting
Incorporated for the Equipment Procurement of the Takoradi 2 Facility in Aboadze, Ghana effective as of
February 23 1999.
12
Amended and Restated Agreement between Takoradi International Company and Black & Veatch International
Company for the Construction, Start-up and Testing of the Takoradi 2 Facility in Aboadze, Ghana effective as of
February 23 1999.
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• Recycling of ‘waste’ heat from the simple cycle combustion turbine units to produce
steam, which in turn will be used to drive the 110 MW steam turbine in the combined
cycle.
• The design specifications prepared for the plant require that appointed suppliers
provide equipment that meets World Bank guidelines on Thermal Power plants for
emissions of noise, gaseous and liquid effluents. Where these guidelines cannot
initially be met for any specific item of plant, either appropriate ‘add-on’ features are
required (such as exhaust mufflers) or future operational procedures will be
developed and enforced to ensure the management of risk of any environmental,
health and safety consequences.
• The new LCO storage tanks for T2 are, as per the existing T1 tank farm, provided
with spill containment areas.
• The use of desalinated water will reduce demands on the local water supply.
• Significantly, the incorporation of T2 within the existing T1 plant potentially provides
the most environmental benefit; that is, T2 represents a relatively small scale
incremental change compared to a situation where a plant of a similar capacity would
be designed, constructed and operated in isolation of T1, on a new site.
3.3.4 Alternative Options Considered
These were described in the 1999 SEIS in section 2.2.2, ‘Evolution of T2’.
In short, as T2 is accommodated within the T1 design, which itself was subject to a
review of alternative design and location options during the 1995 EIA, no further
assessment was deemed necessary.
3.3.5 The T2 Layout
The features, components, equipment and systems associated with T2 have been
listed as per construction phase under the following sub-headings:
• The Primary Plant; and
• Infrastructure and Civil Works.
The Associated, shared facilities with T1 are described separately in section 3.4 and
are supported by a commentary on environmental issues as requested by IFC.
Primary Plant
T2 will involve the construction and operation of the key features listed in Section 2.3
of the 1999 SEIS. Since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS the following modifications
to T2 have been made:
• The relocation of the contingency oil/water separator for transformer related oil spill
prevention from its previous position on the northern edge of T2 to a new position to
the south. This oil/water separator primarily provides a tertiary containment measure
to the existing concrete containment basins for the SC1 and SC2 transformers in the
unlikely event that a transformer ruptures and releases its oil. Water effluent from the
contingency oil/water separator will be discharged to the existing T1 storm water
drainage ditch to the west (rather than into the north as before) after treatment. The
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effluent quality will be controlled to an oil and grease content of no more than 10 ppm
(which meets the World Bank guidelines for Thermal Plant effluent discharge). It is
understood that the Ghana EPA guidelines require that the quantity of oil and grease
present in the treated effluent should not exceed 5 ppm. Discussions between
TIC/OCI/Ghana EPA on this specification are ongoing. Additional oil/water collection
facilities are to be provided with the CC stage.
• An additional feature includes the construction of a two million gallon capacity storage
tank for treated light crude oil (LCO). This is adjacent to the untreated LCO storage
tank on the northern edge of the existing fuel storage tank farm to the east of the T2
area. The primary purpose of the additional treated LCO tank is to serve as a
receptacle for recirculated treated LCO in order to ensure that the certified, treated
LCO tank from which LCO is taken for plant operation is not contaminated with out of
specification LCO during changeover of the tanks.
• Use of E-cell technology instead of mixed beds for the production of demineralised
water; this reduces the requirement for treatment chemicals. E-cell technology
utilises electrodeionisation (EDI) for demineralised water production. In EDI an
electrical current is used to force a continuous migration of contaminant ions out of
the feed water, through the resin bed and into the reject system. The current also
splits the water molecules into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, continuously regenerating
the resin bed. EDI replaces the primary mixed beds in conventional water treatment
systems predictably and consistently producing water of the highest quality.
The key change to the T2 project since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS has been
the re-phasing of the construction programme, and subsequent operations, such that
the project has now been divided into 3 distinct phases, namely:
• Phase 1, Simple Cycle 1 (SC1) – see Figure 3.2;
• Phase 2a, Simple Cycle 2 (SC2) – see Figure 3.3; and
• Phase 2b, Combined Cycle (CC) – see Figure 3.4.
Figure 2.2 from the 1999 SEIS has been reproduced for the Addendum as Figure 3.2
as there has been no change to the layout of SC1.
Figures 3.3 to 3.4 show SC2 and CC as depicted in the TIC/BVI EPC Agreement.
These generally show T2 in more detail than previously depicted in Figures 2.2 and
2.3 of the 1999 SEIS. However, apart from the above, there have been no other
significant changes to the components of T2 as described in the 1999 SEIS. The key
components for each of the T2 phases have been listed below. It is important to note
that details for the CC phase have yet to be finalised, however it is understood that
the primary components are as listed below and will remain largely unchanged.
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Phase 1 – Phase 2a – Phase 2b –
Simple Cycle 1 Simple Cycle 2 Combined Cycle
As per 1999 As per SC1 with the • Condensing steam
SEIS exception of the following turbine generator and
which are excluded: building;
• Substation and enclosure; • Heat recovery steam
• water treatment structure; generators (HSRG) and
• demineralised storage exhaust stacks (x2);
tank;
• raw water tank; • Main and auxiliary
• fuel treatment structure; steam distribution
system;
• BWRO product storage • Boiler feedwater system;
tank;
• Oil/water separator; and • Condensate system;
• Cycle make-up and
storage systems;
• Cooling tower;
Additional features • Circulating water
associated with SC2 only system;
include: • closed cycle cooling
water system and pump
house building;
• Permanent drainage ditch • Gas metering station;
and soakaways; • Blowdown system;
• Treated LCO storage • Generator step-up
tank; and transformer;
• Untreated LCO storage • Auxiliary boiler for steam
Tank. generation (when
HRSG’s out of
operation);
• Relocation of
meteorological station;
• Condensate storage
tank;
• Potable water storage
tank;
• Filtered water storage
tank;
• Control/electrical
equipment rooms;
• Sea water pressure
filters;
• Transmission towers;
• Compressed gas
system; and
• Pump house building for
HSRG feed pumps.
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Infrastructure and Civil Works
In addition to the above, the following key infrastructure and civil works have been
undertaken (SC1 and SC2) or will be undertaken (CC Phase) in association with T2.
As the detailed design for the CC phase has yet to be finalised the following largely
relates to SC1 and SC2, unless specified otherwise. Available updated details of
quantities of materials used to date in the T2 construction phase, and forecast
quantities for the remaining SC2 and CC phase and operational stages are provided
in section 3.5 and 3.6, respectively below:
Water supply The water supply, its treatment, processing, distribution,
and storage recycling and storage will generally be as described in the 1999
SEIS. Changes will be associated with timing of construction
only (for example, the feed water, condensate and circulating
water systems will be constructed in the CC Phase).
Access roads In addition to the existing main access roads to TTPP, a paved
and pavements primary exterior access road loop has been provided in
association with SC1 and SC2 and will also serve CC.
Secondary gravel access points lead off from the exterior access
route to allow access to plant areas. Additional secondary
access points will be provided for CC. Crushed rock surfacing
has been provided in the immediate vicinity of the combustion
turbines and transformer for SC1 and SC2 and will also be
applied for CC. Other areas disturbed during T2 construction will
generally be seeded with grass, with the exception of the
perimeter areas that are to be specifically landscaped.
Site drainage A temporary surface drainage and culvert system (with a settling
basin) for low contamination risk surface water runoff was
constructed for SC1and SC2. This temporary system was
replaced by a permanent drainage system during construction of
SC2 which catches basins and storm sewer piping for areas
where ditches will be ineffective. The uncontaminated runoff
drains into a settling basin. [See Photograph Sheet 2,
Photographs 2a and 2b.]
Fencing With the exception of replacing or relocating existing TTPP
fencing and gates which may be affected by any of the T2
construction phases, no new fencing or gates will be required for
T2.
Structures Buildings have been constructed to house the water treatment
plant and fuel treatment plant (including other miscellaneous
equipment present) for SC1 and SC2. Buildings will be
constructed in CC Phase to house the steam turbine generator
area (including the control room, electrical area, boiler chemical
feed area and associated systems) and for the circulating water
pump area. Where chemicals are to be stored, the flooring will
be coated with appropriate protection accordingly.
Lighting and Lighting is being provided for outdoor installations, roadways
grounding and general plant area using high pressure sodium lighting for
T2, extending with each completed phase. An emergency indoor
lighting system is also being provided.
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Relaying and Various digital multifunction relaying systems are being provided
Metering for all equipment designed to generate electrical power,
transformers, energy conversion, transmission and distribution
for all phases of T2. These systems will seek to remove or
provide warning of abnormal conditions, protect equipment,
reduce the risk of fire or explosions and reduce the risk of
hazards to personnel.
Electrical Switchyard equipment and systems to connect T2 to the existing
systems T1 transmission lines have been provided as part of SC1 and
SC2 and will be expanded thereafter to accommodate the CC
Phase. The existing T1 AC and DC power supplies are
considered to be sufficient to meet the demand of T2.
3.4 Common, Shared Facilities with T1
3.4.1 Within TTPP
As T2 represents an extension to an existing plant, various structures, services and
systems will, by definition, be interfaced with or incorporated into those existing T1
facilities. The T1 facilities will be extended accordingly where necessary to
accommodate T2. The key shared facilities were described in section 2.3.1 of the
1999 SEIS and remain unchanged. These have been listed below, along with details
on permanent interface points between T2 and T1, in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1: T2 Shared Facilities (SC1 and SC2) and Key Interface Points with T1.
Permanent Interface Points with T1 Shared Facilities with T1
Firewater loop header for T1 Oil off-loading facilities
Seawater pumphouse for T1 Truck oil off-loading facilities
Seawater discharge line to ocean Oil metering station
Power evacuation to existing switchyard Sewerage and wastewater treatment
for T1 facilities
Sanitary sewer connection to T1 system Seawater intake system and building
Wastewater discharge to T1 sewer Seawater discharge line to ocean
system
Waste oily water to T1 sewer system Switchyard control building
Untreated LCO to new tank Firewater pumps and system
Potable water supply from T1 Plant facility service building
(maintenance buildings)
Freshwater supply for SC2 from T1 Administration and security buildings
SCADU RTU terminal blocks Existing T1 electrical cable ducts
LDO supply Existing T1 elevated outdoor pipe and
LCO return (treated and untreated) cable rack between the T1 combustion
Freshwater for fuel treatment turbines and the industrial services
Raw water tank supply building/DFO storage area/LCO
Sludge water from fuel treatment treatment building.
Firewater for fuel treatment area Existing T1 freshwater storage reservoir
LCO re-circulation to tank (untreated) and seawater pumphouse
Temporary interfaces between T1 and T2 have been provided for the demineralised
water supply and 6.6kV power supply.
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In terms of those facilities where it is necessary to carry out modifications to interface
T2 with T1 it is important to note that these do not involve activities outside the
current TTPP boundary.
3.4.2 Transmission Line Upgrades
The TTPP project was divided into a series of contract packages (TK-1 to TK-8) of
which TK-6 relates to transmission line and substation modifications as listed below
(see Figure 3.5). In general, these packages were to provide for the tie-in of TTPP
into the National Grid system and in order to be able to evacuate the full 660 MW
generating capacity of TTPP (i.e. T1 + T2); the existing system is capable of
accommodating 450 – 500 MW only. These projects consist of a mixture of either
‘re-stringing’ existing transmission lines with 161 kV lines and/or constructing new 161
kV transmission lines and towers as required in:
• TK-6A Coast Line Transmission Project - Re-stringing of an existing 190
km long line.
• TK-6B Tafo – Kumasi Transmission Project - Erection of new 165
km long 161 kV transmission line and towers on existing route.
• TK-6C Aboadze-Prestea Transmission Project - Erection of new
61.2 km long 161 kV transmission line and towers along new and
existing route corridor.
• TK-6D Akosombo – Tafo Transmission Project - Erection of new
80km long 161 kV transmission line and towers on existing route.
These projects were all completed and turned over to the VRA between October 1997
and December 1998 respectively. With regards to any environmental studies
undertaken for these project packages, the environmental and social impact of the 4.2
km TTPP-Aboadze-Inchaban transmission line (which forms part of TK-6A) was
addressed in the 1995 EIA. The remaining transmission line upgrade projects listed
above have not been subject to any formal environmental studies particularly as the
EPA did not express a requirement for any such studies. However, it is understood
that:
• route surveys were undertaken to provide for appropriate compensation for loss of
farm land due to the new towers;
• disruption to any ‘newly’ populated areas within the existing corridor were minimised
and the need for resettlement largely avoided; and
• the new transmission line route generally followed the existing transmission line
corridor (except, for example, where ground conditions were unsuitable and/or it was
necessary to avoid populated areas) and shared the existing maintenance roads.
Subsequent to the above transmission lines upgrades, one new 161 kV transmission
line project, from Prestea to Obuasi, is currently being developed to handle the
additional capacity from T2. A second new 161kV transmission line from Takoradi to
Tema is proposed to improve upon the reliability of the Ghanaian electricity
transmission network.
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Prestea to Obuasi Transmission Line
As World Bank funding is being sought for the new 120 km, 161 kV transmission line
section between Prestea and Obuasi an environmental impact assessment was
undertaken in accordance with World Bank guidance. This was undertaken by the
joint venture of REFAST (Ghana) and Mouchel (UK). A copy of the Environmental
Impact Statement was made available late and could not be reviewed for the
Addendum, however it is understood that a draft report has been submitted to the
Ghana EPA and World Bank for review.
The key impacts were understood to be associated with the loss of trees, cropland
and/or small scale palm tree plantations, although the amount of land affected was
relatively small given the spacing of the towers. No significant adverse effects on
water resources were identified and route adjustments would be provided to mitigate
for any resettlement that may otherwise be required. In addition, the route is to be tied
into an existing transmission line corridor as much as possible where practical and
feasible. It is estimated that the construction programme would be 12 months. The
World Bank is currently understood to be considering funding the project.
3.4.3 West African Gas Pipeline Project (WAGP)
With regard to the provision of TTPP’s primary fuel, natural gas, via the WAGP, it is
understood that the development of the gas pipeline is being undertaken by a
consortia of stakeholders including Chevron Overseas Petroleum, Shell, Nigerian Gas
Corporation, Ghana National Petroleum Company, Société Beninoise de Gaz and the
Société Togolaise de Gaz. The project is still being finalised.
The following outline details were provided directly from Chevron Overseas
Petroleum, based on comments in discussion with CMS and other information
sources as shown:
• The natural gas will be sourced from Chevron’s Escravos Gas Project facilities in
Nigeria’s delta region and the approximately 1000 km long pipeline will provide gas to
Nigeria, Benin, Togo and Ghana13. WAGP was developed in response to plans by the
Nigerian Government to utilise gas currently being flared off and supply this gas to
neighbouring countries. Ghana will be the terminus for WAGP14.
• The WAGP will largely be an offshore pipeline with spurs running onshore at the each
of the countries in the partnership and is expected to be able to transport 180 million
cubic feet of gas per day12.
• Preliminary feasibility studies indicate that WAGP will have substantial economic
benefits in the region and will help stimulate industrial growth through the new power
supplies.
• An EIA of the project will be undertaken and is currently being managed through
Chevron’s appointed Environmental Manager for the project in Houston. The EIA is
likely to be undertaken in accordance with World Bank guidance although this has yet
to be confirmed.
• With the exception of the direct tie-in between TTPP and the pipeline there is no other
direct involvement with the pipeline by TIC. The tie-in facilities to be provided at TTPP
13
The Rough Guide to West Africa, Jum Hudgens and Richard Trillo, 1999.
14
United States Energy Information Administration, Ghana, April 1999.
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will include a metering station and pressure let down facilities. An area in the north
western corner of T2 has been provided for the tie-in facilities.
In terms of the potential environmental implications of the pipeline, and in the
absence of any further information on the route of the gas pipeline, its construction
and design particularly with the tie-in to TTPP, the following comprises an outline of
potential effects or issues that will need consideration, with particular reference to the
IFC policies. The forthcoming, detailed EIA will determine the exact nature and
significance of impacts (adverse and beneficial associated with the pipeline).
• Further land-take along the route of the pipeline where it is on shore and for any
associated maintenance roads. The quantity and significance of land-take (including
any farmed plots, settlements, sites of cultural importance) will depend on the final
route of the pipeline.
• Further employment opportunities for the local labour force may occur depending on
the final contract arrangements.
• The coastal strip and the palm trees to the south of TTPP were previously identified
as a constraint to the T1 development where the seawater intake/outfall and fuel
pipeline to the single mooring point would pass through this area. The rehabilitation
and restoration of the beach strip and coconut trees was a mitigation requirement in
the 1995 EIA and will have to be taken into consideration.
• The new metering station and/or pressure reducing facility at TTPP is provisionally
located in the top northern corner of an area of land west of the T2 site. Any potential
noise generation during the pressure reducing process will need to be addressed to
ensure compliance with World Bank property boundary criteria and occupational
impacts at one meter from the plant.
• Disruption to the marine environment off the TTPP coast line including sediment
loading within the water column during any trenching work and overland work
adjacent to the coast line. It is noted that the coastline currently appears to be
showing signs of erosion by wave undercutting at the shoreline.
• Landscape and visual effects - this is likely to be of minor significance given the
largely industrial nature of the background to the coastline (i.e. TTPP).
3.5 Site Preparation and Construction Details
The following comprises an update of site preparation and construction details based
on the information collated during the May 2000 site visit. This supports the
information provided in section 2.3.1 of the 1999 SEIS which is considered to remain
valid unless stated otherwise.
3.5.1 General
The ‘Notice to Proceed’ with T2 was given in February 1999 and SC2 was completed
in September 2000, which includes checking, start-up and testing; a total of 19
months. The CC Phase is scheduled to last for approximately 24 months from ‘Notice
to Proceed’.
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In terms of general mobilisation the workforce currently comprises approximately 25%
expatriates (principally from Europe, USA and the Philippines), with the remaining
75% of the workforce made up of skilled and unskilled Ghanaians. Equipment,
materials and resources have been sourced from Ghana (in particular cement and
aggregate), and other countries including USA, Japan, Middle East, Europe and
Taiwan. These are transported to site principally by sea (via Takoradi) or by air to
Accra and then by road to the site.
BVI have sub-contracted a number of the project construction activities, including:
• The supply of miscellaneous materials such as concrete, sand, stone chippings,
cement, sub-base and other bulk materials;
• Provision of skilled labour resources for the project in general, as well as for specific
activities such as sand blasting, painting, administration staff;
• Provision of unskilled labour resources;
• Assembly and erection of tanks on site; and
• Performance testing.
3.5.2 Site Preparation
Simple Cycles 1 and 2
Updated details available on resources used during the site preparation of SC1 and
SC2 to date include the following:
Concrete 6,750 m3
Cement 2300 m3
Sand cement 95 m3
Sand 3,150 m3
Aggregate 5,030 m3
Fill 7,000 m3
The BVI construction compound area (including laydown area) has been set up on an
area of land (approximately 2 ha in size) previously used for T1. This lies near or
adjacent to the general wetland area and adjacent to the sewage settling pond area,
running the approximately length of this area. A concrete batching plant was erected
on site adjacent to the BVI Compound, operated by De Simone [See Photograph
Sheet 2 and 3, Photographs 3a and 3b]. A selection of aggregate material was also
stockpiled within the BVI compound. Paints and thinners and other chemicals are
kept in containers within the TTPP site and stored as per their specifications.
Additional construction laydown areas are located within TTPP adjacent to the T2
site. A T1 spoil disposal area adjacent to the lorry park east of the tank farm was also
available for use.
Combined Cycle
There are no separate details on the likely material and resource use for the CC
phase available at this time. The final quantities of material/resources to be used will
be determined during the detailed design stage. Details on the combined cycle were
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previously described in the 1999 SEIS together with SC2 which formed the original
Phase II to T2.
An outline programme for construction for the CC Phase has been prepared in
connection with the EPC Agreement and is included as Figure 3.6 for information
only. This indicates that site preparation activities will last for two months, during
which foundations and the circulating water pipeline will also be laid and installed. It
is anticipated that the existing BVI construction compound will also be used for CC.
Local resources (including labour) will generally be sourced as per SC1 and SC2 for
the CC construction phase.
3.5.3 Construction Details
Simple Cycles 1 and 2
Construction of SC1 and SC2 has been completed and the units are now operational
albeit on an intermittent basis.
As mentioned above, construction of SC2 was completed in September 2000
including the subsequent start-up, testing and turnover to TIC activities. Further to
the construction resource details provided in section 2.3.1 of the 1999 SEIS, the
following details were available on the resource use for SC1 and SC2.
Steel pipework 7,815 m
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe 1,758 m
Power control cables 95 km (approx)
Underground conduits 12.2 km
Grounding 6.7 km (approx)
Paint and thinners 2,990 gallons (approx)
Hydrocide (water proofing) 250 gallons
Form Oil 475 gallons
This information was accurate in July 2000, near the completion date for SC2
construction.
The construction labour force reached a peak average of 403 in the month of January
2000, covering both the SC1 and SC2 phases. The maximum peak average for the
construction labour force prior to SC2 commencing in October 1999 was recorded at
284 in September 1999.
Combined Cycle (CC)
As mentioned in section 3.3.5 above, the design of the CC Phase has yet to be
finalised. The main components of CC have also been listed in section 3.3.5 above.
Construction resource details for CC were also previously combined with SC2 details
in the 1999 SEIS (section 2.3.1). There were no specific resource details pertaining
to the CC Phase alone available during this study.
At this stage it is estimated that construction of CC would not start until late 2001 and
would take approximately 24 months (see Figure 3.6). Key construction activities will
include constructing the steam generating and circulating systems, and water cooling
and condensing systems, erecting the piperacks, piping, HRSG stacks and steam
turbine generator, constructing the water treatment facility and tying into the
distribution station. It will also be necessary at some stage of the CC Phase to take
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SC1 and SC2 out of service to convert to the CC cycle (approximately 11 weeks for
each simple cycle unit). Pre-commissioning, commissioning and turnover of the CC
unit will complete the construction stage of the T2 project.
3.5.4 Health and Safety Management and Training during Site Preparation and
Construction
The health and safety management and associated training procedures and activities
have been summarised in Section 7 of the Addendum.
3.5.5 Environmental Protection during Construction
BVI have been committed in the EPC Agreement document to construction, start up
and test T2 with due care to the surrounding environment, such as that they are
required to:
• ‘prevent unnecessary destruction, scarring or defacing of the natural
surroundings…[and]... ‘prevent damage to other property…’
• perform construction activities using ‘…‘best management practices’ that prevent
entrance or accidental spillage of solid matter, contaminants, debris and other
objectionable pollutants and wastes into the sea or other water courses…’
• ‘No raw sewage is to be discharged to any watercourse…waste fuels and lubricants
shall be contained and hauled away to an approved disposal station [and]….all spills
of fuels, lubricants or other hazardous materials shall be cleaned up immediately.’
• Liquid discharges shall meet specified criteria in the EPC document which related to
Ghana EPA discharge requirements.
BVI are also required to work in accordance with the mitigation measures developed
as a result of the 1995 EIA – these have been reproduced as Appendix E1, Volume 2
of the Addendum. Copies of the 1999 SEIS were also supplied to BVI for reference.
3.6 Operation Details
Simple Cycle 1 and 2
Since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS, SC1 and SC2 have been commissioned and
are now operational. They have operated on an intermittent basis (as dictated by
power demand and fuel prices) since March 2000 and September 2000 respectively.
Prior to commissioning, Unit Performance Tests were undertaken on SC1 in February
2000 to demonstrate compliance with contractual agreements and guarantees prior to
turning over the plant to TIC for operational use. These tests included testing SC1’s
unit output, heat rate, reliability, noise emissions and stack emissions. The results of
the noise and stack emissions testing have been provided in Appendix E2, Volume 2.
In summary these indicated that in terms of noise emissions the SC1 unit was
compliant with World Bank guidelines at the nearest residence and property boundary
sites surveyed, and that warning signs would need to be erected in the vicinity of
some plant areas. In terms of air emissions, the tests indicated that with the
exception of NOx, the results complied with the EPC Contract guaranteed emissions
limits (see Appendix E2, Volume 2). However, NOx was found to exceed the limit on
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account of the high fuel bound nitrogen present, compared to the design fuel.
Although no specific reference is made to the 1998 World Bank air quality criteria for
these guaranteed emissions limits, the 56 ppm emission limit for NOx (at 15% O2)
equates to approximately 115 mg/Nm3 ; this complies with the 1998 World Bank
guidance of 300 mg/Nm3. The actual emission level measured during the unit
performance test of the SC1 unit was 69 ppm (at dry 15% O2) which equates to 142
mg/m3 ; this is well within the World Bank standard.15 SC1 and SC2 have both been
subject to ongoing stack emissions monitoring, albeit subject to gaps arising from
equipment failures.
Updated details on resource use and discharges for SC1 and SC2 are provided in
Table 3-2 and Table 3-3. The estimations have been produced as part of an interim
services agreement with T1 for the facilities (providing inputs and receiving outputs
from T2) which are shared by T2.
Table 3-2: Main Resource Requirements for SC1.
Resource Input
(thousands per year)
LCO 3,168 gallons
Firewater 12 gallons
Service water 235 gallons
Potable water 941 gallons
Demineralised water 1,411 gallons
Preliminary water mass balances for SC1 and SC2 (for crude oil only) have been
referred to in section 5.5.2 and Tables 5-1 to 5-2 respectively.
See Table 2-2 in the 1999 SEIS for details on the types of chemicals to be used for
T2 and the approximate volumes required. At this stage, the T2 Reverse Osmosis
water treatment plant is not operational and therefore use of previously listed
chemicals is currently zero.
Table 3-3: Main Outputs for each of SC1 and SC2.
Resource Output
(thousands per year)
Oily wastewater 2,100 gallons
Chemical wastewater 280 gallons
Sanitary sewage 1,000 gallons
Noise emissions and air quality emissions specific to T2 have been described in
section 5 of the Addendum accordingly.
Overall there has been no significant change to the design of SC1 and SC2 over and
above that described in the 1999 SEIS and therefore the operational details provided
in the 1999 SEIS are expected to remain valid for SC1 and SC2 particularly once the
plant becomes fully operational. The minor exceptions currently occurring relate to
the following abnormal conditions:
15
These tests were undertaken during three one-hour runs. The water injection units were also operational during
this time. The performance tests are considered to be representative of normal operating conditions.
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• Diesel Fuel Oil consumption for turbine start up is currently greater than would
normally be associated with a continuously run plant due to the intermittent use of the
CTGs. The intermittent use of T1 and T2 is largely in response to escalating oil
prices.
• The current rate of delivery of LCO to TTPP via seagoing tankers in general has
reduced on account of the intermittent use of the plant (T1 and T2).
• Stack emissions for NOx at TTPP in general have been greater than expected as the
LCO currently being used contains a higher quantity of N (i.e. 0.06% compared to the
contract value to 0.007%16) – see section 5 for more detail.
• A petrocarbon odour event during an SC1 start up was observed on 11 May 2000.
This was partially associated with difficulties in starting the SC1 unit on this occasion,
however there have also been previous odour events during start ups. This
occurrence is being addressed by the Contractor as a warranty item.
• For a short period diesel was mixed with the LCO to bring out-of-specification LCO up
to the required performance standard. Further mixing is not generally anticipated.
There are no significant environmental ramifications from this activity.
• Greater quantities of sludge are being discharged from T2's activities on account of
initial LCO deliveries to T1 containing a higher wax content leading to build up of
sludge at the bottom of the T1 untreated LCO tanks.
Combined Cycle
Operational activities and resource requirements for the Combined Cycle, as
described in section 2.3.2 of the 1999 SEIS (as part of the original Phase II), are
considered to still be valid.
As both combined cycle units for T1 have yet to be properly operational there is no
data available to provide an indication of actual resource use and discharge rates.
Details on the combined cycle system provided in association with the 1995 EIA are
therefore expected to provide a reliable estimation for T2’s combined cycle.
Preliminary water mass balances for the CC Phase have been referred to in section
5.5.2 and shown in Table 5.3.
3.6.1 Health and Safety Management and Training during Operation
The health and safety management and associated training procedures and activities
are summarised in Section 7 of this Addendum.
3.6.2 Environmental Protection during Operation
A description of the current environmental management system and environmental
monitoring plan for T1 is provided in section 8 of the Addendum17. This is likely to be
either expanded and updated to incorporate T2 and the issues outlined in the
Provisional Environmental Management Plan (EMMP), or potentially to provide the
framework for the development of a separate environmental management and
16
Plant unit fuel bound nitrogen (FBN) levels determined during unit performance tests. FBN is not routinely
monitored.
17
The Table of Contents and appropriate extracts from the EMS Manual and the T1 EMMP have been included in
Volume 2, Appendix F1 and F2 respectively.
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monitoring system for T218. The Provisional EMMP for T2 is also discussed in section
8.
3.7 Summary of Key T2 Changes Since 1999
In summary the key changes to the construction and operation of T2, since the
preparation of the 1999 SEIS include the following:
• Phasing of T2 has been divided into 3 distinct phases, namely Simple Cycle 1, Simple
Cycle 2 and Combined Cycle – this could effectively extend the total construction
period by up to 12 months from that originally anticipated;
• Additional treated LCO storage tank for SC2;
• Change in demineralisation water treatment technology;
• Minor changes to preliminary layout for CC (based on a comparison between the
available plans in 1999 and 2000 – however the final design and layout is still pending
confirmation);
• Temporary, intermittent use of T2's CTGs (along with T1), i.e. either daily during peak
evening period or every other day during 2000. This was in response to an increase
in LCO fuel prices and the need to provide a standby power supply when imported
energy or domestic sources are interrupted. There was a subsequent change to the
level of resources use and discharges associated with T2 (and the plant as a whole).
• SC1 began operating on a continuous basis in July 2000, then progressed to
operating on alternate nights with SC2 after the latter’s commissioning in September
2000. In the long term, all units are expected to operate at baseload for extended
periods.
The environmental implications of these changes, where particularly relevant to T2
have been discussed in section 5 of this Addendum.
18
Prepared as part of the 1999 SEIS. It also forms part of the conditions of approval for the Environmental
Permit, such that the EMMP will be formalised and applied for T2.
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4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
4.1 Introduction
This section consists of a description of the baseline environmental characteristics
associated with each of the following additional environmental topics, as requested by
IFC:
• Natural Habitats and Forestry;
• Pest Management;
• Resettlement, Cultural Property and Labour;
• Use of International Waterways.
It is important to note that as T2 represents an extension of T1, the baseline
environment has generally been defined as that associated with the predicted and
observed environment associated with an operational T1 (as per 1995 EIA Report)19.
However, the operational conditions of T1 have since changed relative to those
described in the 1999 SEIS due to the intermittent (rather than continuous) operation
of T1. While due comment is made to the impact of these changes in T1 below, the
overall assessment described in section 5 will still assume a ‘worse case’ scenario
whereby T1 is fully operational as designed.
Where relevant, updated descriptions of the baseline environmental conditions (i.e.
those associated with the operation of T1) previously provided in the 1999 SEIS have
been included. These have been based on observations made during the May 2000
site visit, and following a review of the latest Annual Environmental Reports (AERs)
produced for T1 (1999).
The baseline environmental conditions have been described for each of the
environmental topics considered as per the following groups:
• Physical Environment Landscape and visual quality;
• Biological Environment Terrestrial ecology and natural habitats
and forestry.
• Human Environment Social character, traffic, land uses and
waste management, cultural issues,
involuntary resettlement, child/forced
labour;
• Environmental Quality of the Area Air quality, water environment (including
wastewater and marine issues) and
noise.
19
With regard to the current level of operation at TTPP, it is important to note that the existing plant is not
operated continuously, but typically during peak evenings and where other power sources are interrupted. In
addition the Reverse Osmosis/E-cell desalination plant and combined cycle are not operational and/or
commissioned.
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Data sources obtained and used for this section have been listed in Appendix C,
Volume 2. As noted above, data used to update the baseline environmental details of
the 1999 SEIS has been largely obtained by site reconnaissance and through
consultation with site personnel. A list of those consulted during the preparation of
this document is contained in Appendix D, Volume 2.
The updated descriptions provided in this section represent the basis upon which the
nature and significance or any additional environmental effects associated with T2 will
be determined and judged accordingly.
4.2 Physical Environment
4.2.1 Landscape and Visual Quality
Since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS (see section 3.9) there have been a number
of changes to the baseline landscape and visual character and quality of the area.
The following were observed:
• Replacement planting of palm trees along the beach section previously cleared during
the construction of the LCO supply pipeline and the seawater intake/discharge
pipelines. The palms were generally approximately one foot high and had been
planted approximately ten rows deep. Natural regrowth of ground vegetation was
also underway and some grass seeding has been undertaken within the vicinity of the
plant boundary, on the beach side in particular. [See Photograph Sheet 4,
Photograph 5]. Large blocks of rock are temporarily being stored on the beach
adjacent to TTPP; these are being removed by another for use as aggregate.
• Some further grass seeding and planting of areas has been undertaken within the
vicinity of T1, particularly in areas that will not be affected by T2. Although it was
stated in the 1999 SEIS that the majority of the aesthetic planting within the TTPP site
(incorporating T2) would not be undertaken until all the construction activities (T1 +
T2) have been completed, this has since been brought forward partially to reduce the
risk of soil erosion and to achieve a more rapid integration of the plant in to the
surrounding area. Planting in the vicinity of the T2 site is the main element of the
planting programme still outstanding.
Outside the immediate vicinity of TTPP, other landscape changes have included:
• The restoration of former borrow areas used primarily for T1 has progressed such
that exposed earth surfaces have been significantly reduced and these areas have
become more integrated into their surroundings. Some houses for the VRA township
(for senior management) have also been constructed on top of the borrow areas
immediately surrounding the VRA township.
• Grass seeding and/or natural regeneration of formerly bare areas within the VRA
Township has been completed such that the appearance of the township within the
landscape in general has been softened. In particular, this includes the township’s
leisure facility which has been completed and re-grassing of the area has been
achieved. [See Photograph Sheet 5, Photograph 6].
• Construction activities at Aboadze are ongoing, comprising the agreed community
facilities as compensation for T1 (see section 4.4), including a 4-block school at
Aboadze and one block school in Abuesi. Other, independent construction work is
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also on going on the outskirts of Aboadze, adjacent to the plant and is mainly for
living accommodation. [See Photograph Sheet 7, Photograph 9].
Overall, and taking into account the above, there is considered to be a relatively slight
improvement in the appearance of the baseline landscape character and quality of
the area. This is primarily on account of the ongoing (natural and assisted)
regeneration of vegetation within the area which has generally helped to soften and
integrated the TTPP development and township into the surrounding setting.
In terms of changes to the visual aspects described in 1999 SEIS, the above are
reflected accordingly, such that there is a general slight improvement in the baseline
conditions, again, associated with the regeneration of vegetation on those areas
formerly left exposed by T1 construction activities. The exception is in the vicinity of
the Aboadze where construction work for the school blocks is underway.
Changes to the landscape and visual character and quality of the area strictly
associated with the ongoing construction of T2 are discussed in section 5.2.1.
4.3 Biological Environment
4.3.1 General
Section 3.8 of 1999 SEIS summarised the existing ecological character and quality of
the study area, taking into account the changes that had occurred with the
construction and operation of T1 since the 1995 ecological assessment undertaken
for the 1995 EIA Report for T1.
The following comprises an updated commentary on the 1999 SEIS baseline
ecological conditions and specifically relates to the baseline conditions for T2
pertaining to Natural Habitats and Forestry; both of which are covered by IFC policies
OP 4.04 and 4.36, respectively.
4.3.2 Terrestrial Ecology – Flora and Fauna
Within the T2 site, where construction is ongoing, there was no significant change to
the description provided in section the 1999 SEIS, that is the T2 area comprised
generally very little vegetation and where present it largely comprised grass of little
ecological value. The exception relates to the small quantities of borrow material
required for T2 which were obtained from an alternative, existing area off-site, and not
as shown in Figure 3.3 of the 1999 SEIS. Approximately 7000 m3 of material for T2
has been sourced from the privately owned borrow area which is located at
Mpentsen, approximately 10 km west of the site. The borrow area is approximately
10 ha in size and supplies material mainly for road improvement projects.
Since the completion of T1, a number of areas formerly affected by T1 construction
activities outside the TTPP boundary have either been restored or are in the process
of being restored to their former character. These comprise the borrow areas, the
wetlands and beach strip. Some houses for senior TTPP management have also
been built on former borrow areas (T1) surrounding the VRA township.
The area used for BVI’s construction administration offices, the concrete batching
plant and workers’ transport collection point was, prior to commencement of T2
activities, used as a construction laydown area for T1. Further discussion of the
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potential environmental impacts of use of this area for the T2 project is provided in
section 5.3 of this report.
It was noted previously in the 1999 SEIS that very little wildlife, save for lizards, was
observed on the T2 site during the previous GIBB site visits. This remained the case
during the May 2000 site visit on account of the construction activities underway. It
was noted, however, that numerous species of birds were present generally within the
TTPP site, township and immediately surrounding area. These included pied crows,
vultures, raptors (buzzards/hawks), weaver birds, various finches, egrets and
wagtails, and at least another three unidentified bird species. The sewage lagoons in
particular were observed to contain/support a variety of wildlife including frogs, fish,
pied kingfishers, a species of cormorant, geese and coots, as well as aquatic insects.
4.3.3 Natural Habitats and Forestry
The IFC policy on Natural Habitats defines natural habitats by the presence of
predominantly native plants and animal species and by the absence of human
activity. As noted in section 3.8.2 of the 1999 SEIS, prior to the commencement of T2
construction, there was little vegetation present within the T2 site due to site
clearance undertaken during with T1. Areas to be used for borrow for T2 had also
been previously used for T1 and had therefore already been cleared of vegetation.
There were no forests present within the areas to be affected by T2 and as noted in
section 3.8.2, the area prior to the construction of T1 largely comprised coastal stand,
seasonal swampland and/or coastal thicket, intermixed with farm plots.
4.4 Human Environment
4.4.1 General
Section 3.3 of 1999 SEIS summarises the social character of the study area since the
development of T1 and prior to the development of T2.
The following comprises an updated commentary on the 1999 SEIS baseline social
character based on the May 2000 site visit. It also specifically relates to the baseline
conditions for T2 pertaining to IFC policy topics of cultural property (OPN 11.03),
involuntary resettlement (OD 4.30) child forced labour (policy statement), and pest
management (OP 4.09).
4.4.2 Update on Baseline Social Character, Traffic, Land Issues and Waste
Management
Social Character
The main changes observed on the baseline social character for the area during the
May 2000 site visit were related to the construction of ongoing community
improvement projects mentioned in section 3.3 of the 1999 SEIS. The current status
of these projects is as follows20
• Construction of the four schools in Aboadze and one school in Abuesi are 90%
complete. [See Photograph Sheet 5, Photograph 7 from May 2000].
20
VRA, Takoradi Thermal Power Project, Monthly Progress Report, March 2000.
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• The road improvements between Inchaban – Dwomo and Inchaban – Aboadze –
Abuesi (a total of approximately 5 km) are complete.
• Sites have been identified for the community latrines at Aboadze and Abuesi and
members of the Regional EPA were on site on 10 May 2000 to inspect the suitability
of these sites. The contract for the construction of these has been awarded and work
started. These are approximately 90% complete and include:
• Aboadze cluster of four schools Two (2) six- seater biogas latrines.
• Abuesi school One (1) six-seater latrine.
• Aboadze and Abuesi communities will be provided with three (3) and one (1)
ten- seater biogas latrines respectively.
• The completion of an 80-ton capacity cold storage facility at Aboadze was completed
and commissioned in November 2000.
• Plans for a health clinic have been developed – the clinic will now serve both the
Aboadze community and the TTPP township. The Arab Bank for Economic
Development in Africa (BADEA) has given a "no objection" to using local contractors
for construction of the clinic, the procurement process will proceed shortly.
• A Planning layout to guide future development of the two towns has been completed
by the Town and Country Planning Department on behalf of VRA but the Plan has not
yet been formally submitted to VRA. This comprises proposed land use zoning for
future development of Aboadze in a westerly direction from its current position
towards the Aboadze-Inchaban road, surrounding the VRA township. Zoning includes
residential plots (approximately 400), plots for light industrial use, 27 areas of Open
Space, nine places of worship, a community centre, two petrol filling stations, two
hotels, one bank, one supermarket, one nursery, one day-care centre, one fire station
and one post office.
Additional measures that have been implemented since the 1999 SEIS include
installing a community water tap on the edge of Aboadze. This directly draws from
TTPP’s water supply connection, which is received via pipeline from Inchaban, and
has been installed to help provide a stable water supply, which is otherwise currently
inconsistent. TTPP have provided the connection and the community are responsible
for negotiating and paying the water company directly.
On the basis of informal discussions undertaken for this Addendum with site
personnel and members of Aboadze community and Shama Ahanta District
Assembly, it is understood that there has been a general growth in the size of the
immediate communities since the development of T1. This has largely been in
response to the presence of direct employment at T1 (during its construction and
operation) and in association with opportunities to generate an income providing
support and services to the T1 (and now T2) workforce. Most notably a small food
market of approximately 25 people working at 20 stalls was established adjacent to
the T2 construction laydown area, providing food and drink to the local workers.
In general, those people spoken to in Aboadze were happy with the arrangements
with TTPP and did not have any further specific concerns to those already raised in
the past and handled by TTPP. Additional comments were made regarding further
facilities that would be appreciated by the communities, such as power supply and
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extending the water supply into the centre of the Aboadze. However, strictly
speaking, the provision of these facilities are technically out of the remit of VRA’s
activities and additional to the original Community Improvements Agreement.
As mentioned in section 3.5.1 above, the majority of the project workforce (skilled and
unskilled) is sourced locally.
Road Traffic
It is understood that there has been one serious road traffic accident on the Aboadze-
Inchaban road at the junction with the site since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS
(see section 3.6 of the 1999 SEIS). This was reportedly largely due to driver error.
The junction has since been regraded and no further accidents have occurred. VRA
drivers have attended defensive driver courses.
The local police force have erected a number of signposts and warning notices for
drivers to reduce speeds along the length of the road and have also carried out
periodic vehicle speed spot-checks to ensure compliance.
Land Issues
There have been no further changes to the land issues associated with T2 since the
preparation of the 1999 SEIS (see section 3.7 of the 1999 SEIS).
Waste Management
In terms of waste management, in addition to the information on wastes produced
and methods of disposal provided in Table 3.7 of the 1999 SEIS for T1, there have
been the following changes:
• The waste oil sludge is not all being burned on site as originally planned. At the time
of the May 2000 visit T1 had disposed of waste oil as follows:
Incinerated: 90 m3
Sold to third parties: 300 m3
Sent to TOR: 1500 m3
TOTAL: 1890 m3
• This pattern has reportedly continued and is expected to do so. Due to the high cost
of incineration and the commercial market for this product, it is expected that 5-10%
of the waste generated will be incinerated, 15-25% would be sold to third parties with
the balance going to the Tema Oil Refinery (TOR).
• Waste oil sludge is currently removed off-site via road tanker under an arrangement
made between TTPP and TOR where it is then reprocessed. It is understood from
TOR that waste oil sludge received from TTPP is currently mixed with a residual fuel
oil in storage tanks that are fitted with heated coils to maintain a good mixing regime.
The resulting product is then either sold locally or exported for use in firing boilers or
for mixing with chemicals to produce products such as wood preservatives etc. Prior
to mixing, it is understood that the waste oil sludge received from TTPP is tested for
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the presence and content of heavy metals and toxic substances by TOR. The final
product produced is also tested, but primarily to determine its physical properties,
such as pour point, density and sulphur content: the presence and content of heavy
metals or toxic substances is not normally tested at this stage.
• Discussions are also ongoing for the use of waste oil at a local steel manufacturing
company and by another company for use as boiler fuel.
• As there is no burning of the waste oil/sludge on site, regular monitoring of the quality
of waste oil/sludge commenced only in February 2001, in follow up to IFC and OPIC
suggestions. However, prior to setting up the arrangement with TOR, samples of the
waste oil/sludge were analysed in order to determine its suitability for TOR. The
results are shown in Table 4-1. It is important to note that the quality of waste
oil/sludges produced will vary with the nature of the LCO supplied to TTPP.
An analysis of the physical properties of waste oil/sludge was undertaken on 25
November 1999, the results of which are presented below:
Density 937.9 kg/m3
Viscosity at 50°C 259 cSt
Water Content >20 % volume
Pour Point 51°C
Flash Point <12°C
Table 4-1: Waste Oil/Sludge Analysis Results for T1.
Waste Source Date Calcium Potassium Sodium Magnesium Nickel Lead Vanadium
(ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
Oily Waste Lagoon1 1/5/99 101 80 511 31 2 0 1.7
Tank 101 3/7/99 11 24 83 3 1 0.05 0.6
1/11/99 91 31 600 16 0.6 0 0.6
Tank 102 3/7/99 11 4 20 2 1 0 0.3
3/12/99 38 26 270 12 3 0 0.8
Centrifuge 1 27/10/99 48 17 289 10 0.4 0.03 0.9
28/10/99 33 12 202 6 0.4 0 0.8
12/6/00 303.9 26.6 327.4 41.6 1.94 0.52 3.0
Centrifuge 2 6/11/99 24 13 174 7 0.7 0.02 0
18/11/99 692 185 1114 211 6 7.5 9.6
T2 Fuel Treatment 12/6/00 1261.3 21.4 90.6 47.6 2.1 2.5 9.9
Plant
Note: 1 = viscosity measured on 27/10/99 at 2725.4 cSt.
A report was prepared in March 2000 by VRA on the environmental management of
waste oil sludge disposal options at TTPP where a number of waste disposal options
were discussed and conclusions drawn on the most appropriate method to adopt (see
Appendix E3, Volume 2)21. Options included construction of a temporary storage
facility, controlled incineration (i.e. the original option), waste oil recycling (including
using a chemical treatment process) and open-air incineration. It was concluded that
the waste oil recycling option would be adopted as the primary method for waste
oil/sludge disposal at TTPP, on the basis that the environmental implications that
21
VRA (TTPP) Environmental Management Plan for Disposal of Waste Oil Sludge, March 2000.
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would otherwise be associated with incineration (controlled or open air) would be
reduced. It is understood that the incinerator will only be used when the collection of
the waste oil/sludge by others is interrupted and it becomes necessary to empty the
collection tank.
The plant operators have implemented a monthly programme of waste oil sludge
analysis to identify the nature and concentrations of the heavy metals Vanadium,
Lead and Nickel present in waste oil sludge. This will enable the Environmental
Manager to identify possible metals concerns before TOR (or another) removes the
sludge and/or before any incineration is undertaken on site (where necessary). The
T1 laboratory is used for this sludge analysis. Equipment available for this sampling
programme and for any further analysis that becomes necessary includes:
• ICP-AES for trace metals.
• Centrifuge for water and sediment.
• Hydrometer for specific gravity.
• Viscometer for Viscosity.
4.4.3 Baseline Social Issues Specific to IFC Social Topics
Cultural Property
The IFC policy statement on Safeguarding Cultural Property (OP 4.11) is forthcoming,
however, information was provided by the IFC on the World Bank Operational Note
on the Management of Cultural Property22. This defines cultural property as having
‘archaeological (prehistoric), palaeontological, historical, religious and unique natural
value’ and that financing for projects would be declined where these involved
significant damage to such property, unless efforts are taken to minimise such
damage. It is noted in section 3.3.2 of the 1999 SEIS that, based on available
information, there were no sites of archaeological/historical significance in the TTPP
site and surrounding area. It is also understood that no material of archaeological or
historical interest was encountered during the construction of T1 (including in the
borrow areas).
With regard to cultural/religious features present, it is noted in the EPC Agreement for
T2, that care would need to be exercised during construction owing to the location of
a cemetery in the vicinity of T2 activities. In addition, at least three minor shrines were
also identified as possibly being affected by the T1 construction activities. The
presence and significance of these items were confirmed before T2 construction
activities commenced and it is understood that, in practice, no shrines were found to
be present within the vicinity of areas to be affected by T2. The cemetery (which is
adjacent to the T1 lorry park, east of the fuel storage tank farm) was also found to be
outside the main construction activity areas for T2.
Involuntary Resettlement
Involuntary Resettlement is defined in OD 4.30 as the involuntary removal of people
resulting in significant disruption to social, economic, environmental, cultural and
social/physical infrastructure.
The 1995 EIA for T1 identified that prior to the construction of T1 there were no
residences or squatters present on the proposed plant site. The main impacts on the
22
World Bank Operational Policy Note No. 11.03, Management of Cultural Property in Bank Financed Projects,
1986
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local community at the time were associated with the loss of farming plots for which
compensation was negotiated and alternative plots located (see sections 5.1.2.5,
5.2.2.5 and 7.3 of the 1995 EIA).
As T2 is contained within T1, there were no residences or other community land uses
present within the T2 site area prior to its construction, and at the site for the T2
construction compound which was previously used for T1 construction activities.
Child/Forced Labour
Worker rights legislation within Ghana includes the prohibition of forced or
compulsory labour, setting a minimum age for employment at 15, and restricting
certain types of hazardous labour for workers under 18. While it is reported that
forced labour is not practised in Ghana, it has also been reported that the violation of
child labour laws is common particularly in the agricultural sector and both
enforcement and prosecution for violations are erratic23.
It is understood that at no time during the construction and subsequent operation of
T1 (prior to commencing T2 construction activities) were these worker rights violated
on the project. The current status of this issue for T2 construction is covered in
section 5.4.2 below.
Pest Management
The IFC policy on pest management (OP 4.09) focuses on large scale agricultural
sector pest control projects involving the use, transportation, handling, application and
disposal of pest controlling chemicals (for flora or fauna).
The primary pest management activities currently undertaken at T1 are relatively
small scale operations in comparison to the scope of the IFC policy. They include
controlling the prevalence of mosquitoes and hence reducing the risk of malaria within
the plant and at the VRA Township. A programme for ‘disinfestation and fumigation’
of the township and project site offices is undertaken on a quarterly basis.
Employees and families are given prior notice of the next spraying which is
undertaken over a period of 6 days, typically in the morning, and focuses on the
drains, gutters, lawns, offices and immediately surrounding areas. This operation is
undertaken under contract by an outside company.
It is also understood that the growth of vegetation within the fenced substation area
for T1 (and the future T2) is managed using chemical herbicides. This currently
comprises an area of approximately 135 m2 for T1.
Information on the nature of herbicide, ‘galigan’, used has been included in Appendix
E4, Volume 2. It acts on both a pre-emergence and post emergence basis and
controls a range of weeds and grasses. No further information was available during
the May 2000 site visit on the frequency and qualities applied for either the insect
spraying or herbicides. In the absence of this information at this time,
recommendations for mitigation measures have been included in section 6.4 in order
to ensure that appropriate attention is given to the use of the chemicals on site.
23
United States Department of State Country Report on Economic Policy and Trade Practices, Ghana, 1998.
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4.5 Environmental Quality of the Area
4.5.1 Introduction
Further to the baseline descriptions on air, water and noise in the 1999 SEIS, this
section draws on recent T1, baseline environmental monitoring data contained in the
following reports and separately available data:
• Annual Environmental Report for 1999 (January – December 1999) (see Appendix
E5, Volume 2)24;
• Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Data Report to EPA (January 2000 – March
2000) (see Appendix E6, Volume 2)23.
• T1 Stack Emissions Monitoring Data (including NOx) collated for the Environmental
Management Programme between the dates of 1 June 1999 and 29 April 2000.
These reports have been produced by VRA with due reference to the T1 EMMP
which includes details of monitoring procedures, parameters to monitor and the
application of environmental standards and criteria (see section 8.2). In particular, the
environmental standards and criteria pertinent to T1 represent those applicable during
the preparation of the 1995 EIA, namely 1988 World Bank emissions criteria and
earlier versions of Ghanaian criteria to those used in the 1999 SEIS. Table 4-2
summarises the parameters monitored for T1.
Current World Bank and Ghanaian EPA criteria for thermal power plants (as
applicable to T2) have been listed in Section 5, and reproduced in Appendix E7,
Volume 2.25
Table 4-2: Summary of Air, Noise and Water Parameters Monitored for T1.
Parameter Measurements Recorded
NOx Stack Emissions Hourly – ng/J
Daily – t/d
NOx Ground Level Concentrations Annual average – µg/m3
24 hour average – µg/m3
SO2 Stack Emissions Hourly – ng/J
Daily – t/d
SO2 Ground Level Concentrations Annual average – µg/m3
24 hour average – µg/m3
Suspended Particulates Stack Emissions Hourly – ng/J
Suspended Particulates Ground Level Annual average – µg/m3
Concentrations 24 hour average – µg/m3
Carbon Monoxide Ground Level Concentrations Annual average – mg/Nm3
Noise (dBA) Power plant
Perimeter Fence
24
Note: In addition to the construction of T2 during these monitoring periods, T2’s SC1 Unit became operational
in March 2000 and start up procedures and testing will have been undertaken.
25
World Bank Group, Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, 1998.
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Table 4.2: Summary of Air, Noise and Water Parameters Monitored for T1
(continued).
Discharge Water (cooling tower) Salinity (ppt)
At common discharge sump: Tmax (°C)
Service and Make Up Water BOD5 (mg/l)
Suspended solids (mg/l)
Faecal coliforms (~/100ml)
Residual chlorine (mg/l)
pH
Phenols (µg/l)
Oil and grease (mg/l)
Phosphorous (mg/l)
Source: 1995 EIA.
4.5.2 Air Quality
The baseline air quality for the area in the vicinity of TTPP was described in section
3.2 of the 1999 SEIS comprising a review of the 1995 EIA, a commentary on the
available air quality monitoring results for T1 and a description of the meteorological
conditions.
Air quality monitoring has been ongoing since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS and
the available results for T1 have been described below. It is important to note that
there have been a series of mechanical and electrical problems with the monitoring
equipment in general, particularly with the ground level air quality monitoring
equipment. Data sets are therefore incomplete. Actions are being taken to resolve
these problems (including inviting the EPA to undertake their own monitoring
programme for a temporary period) and the EPA have been kept informed of the
difficulties and the progress in resolving them.
In the SEIS it was noted that Sulphur Dioxide emissions would be minimised through
use of LCO and diesel fuels with a sulphur content of less than 0.2%. Supplier
specifications for the diesel fuel show that it has less than 0.2% Sulphur content and
regular laboratory analysis of the LCO shows that it has consistently remained below
0.2% also.
1999 Annual Environmental Report (AER)
The available results of the ground level air quality and stack emissions monitoring for
1999 have been summarised below in Table 4.3. Overall, it was concluded in the
AER that the 1999 results of the SO2 emissions and ground level concentrations
monitoring are largely within the relevant T1 criteria. NOx emissions are discussed
below.
For ground level monitoring results problems were experienced with the ground level
air quality monitoring equipment as a whole and as a result all monitoring analysers,
save for the SO2 analyser at Beposo Village were subject to lengthy data gaps
(generally between 8 to 12 months).
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Table 4-3: Air Quality Monitoring Results – Ground Level and Stack
Emissions Monitoring – January 1999 to December 1999.
Air Quality Monitoring
Parameter Results
NO2 Ground Level Concentration
24 hour average – µg/m3 19.9 – 49.8
SO2 Stack Emissions
Hourly – ng/J 28-249
SO2 Ground Level Concentrations
24 hour average – µg/m3 1.43-20.0
PM10 Ground Level Concentrations
24 hour average – µg/m3 12-92
See Table 4.5 for NOx Stack Emissions
It should be noted that current (1998) World Bank and more recent Ghanaian criteria
(see section 5) are similar to the standards used in the 1995 EIA. As a consequence
similar relationships between monitored concentrations and relevant criteria generally
apply as described above with the exception that the ground level PM10 reading will
exceed the ‘new’ Ghanaian Limit of 70 µg/m3. However, this may be a reflection of
high dust levels typical during the dry season.
Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Data Report
The results of the ground level air quality and T1 stack emissions monitoring for the
period of January – March 2000 are listed Table 4-4below26.
Table 4-4: Air Quality Monitoring Results – Ground Level and Emissions
Monitoring – January 2000 to March 2000.
Sampling Location Jan Feb March Applicable Standard
2000 2000 2000
Ground Level PM10 Monitoring Data (24 hour average) (µg/m3)
Aboadze Village/ VRA 19-37 43-74 NA Ghana EPA:
Township 260 µg/m3
3
Ground Level SO2 Levels (24 hour average) (µg/m )
Plant site The SO2 analyser was out of Ghana EPA:
Aboadze Village service during this period. 200 µg/m3 or 0.07
Beposo Village 1.45 23.1 24.7 ppm
Ground Level NOx Levels (24 hour average) (µg/m3)
Plant site The NOx analyser was out of Ghana EPA:
Aboadze Village service during this period. 320 µg/m3 or 0.156
Beposo Village ppm
SO2 Stack Emissions Monitoring (1 hour average) (ng/J)
T1 Gas Turbine 1 83-173 25-57 38-47 World Bank
T1 Gas Turbine 2 72-183 35-70 37-47 Equivalent27 1 hour
average:
258 ng/J
See Table 4.5 for NOx Stack Emissions
26
In addition to the construction of T2 during these monitoring periods, T2’s SC1 became operational in March
2000 and start-up procedures and testing will have been undertaken.
27
The Canadian standard has been used here in lieu of an appropriate World Bank standard based on emission
rate.
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In 2000, a combination of natural disaster (rainstorm), equipment breakdown, and the
difficulty in obtaining replacement spares in time meant considerable disruptions to
the ambient NOx and SO2 monitoring programme. Only SO2 data was available and
then only for the first quarter of the year. This situation is being addressed and
monitoring equipment is presently with the suppliers undergoing modification. The
equipment should be back in commission by early May 2001.
In short, and relative to the relevant T1 stack emissions and ground level air quality
criteria, the first quarterly results for 2000 for T1 indicate that:
• Ground level PM10 concentrations within Aboadze/VRA Township are well within the
260 µg/m3 criteria concentration;
• Ground level SO2 concentrations for Beposo village are well within the equivalent
200 µg/m3 criteria concentration;
• Where data was available, SO2 stack emissions were generally within 1988 World
Bank air emissions criteria.
• As mentioned above, NOx stack emissions during this periods were also generally
within World Bank NOx emissions standards, except where the NOx control systems
were out of service (see below).
T1 NOx Emissions Monitoring Data – 1 June 1999 to 29 April 2000.
Recent NOx stack emissions data for T1, (units SC1 and SC2) are shown as monthly
averages in Table 4-5 below. The measured results have been converted to the
appropriate units for direct comparison against the 1998 World Bank NOx emissions
standard of 300 mg/m3.28
For the purposes of this assessment, these results replace those NOx emissions
results described in the Annual and First Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Data
Reports only (see Appendix E5 and E6 of Volume 2 of the Addendum).
The results indicate that despite initial problems with NOx equipment leading to
sporadic increases in NOx emissions both SC1 and SC2 are generally in good
compliance with the 1998 World Bank NOx emissions criteria.
The exceptions occurred in June and July 1999 for units SC1 and SC2 respectively,
where NOx emissions were in excess of the criteria. The maximum concentration of
433 mg/m3 for both SC1 and SC2 were monitored during the month of June 1999.
These exceedances were due to the water injection units being off-line. It is
understood that in order to reduce the likelihood of further water injection system
failures, steps are being undertaken to ensure that the demineralised water treatment
plant operates more efficiently. Similarly, these instances lead to higher emissions
than the 100 ng/J level proposed in the 1995 EIA.
28
T1 emissions are actually measured in the presence of CO2 , which is typically in the order of 4%. This is
assumed to be roughly equivalent to the 15% O 2, correction factor against which World Bank emissions standards
are corrected.
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Table 4-5: NOx Emissions Results for T1 between June 1999 and April 2000.
Month1 NOx Emissions NOx Emissions
(mg/m3 ) 2, 3 (mg/m3)2, 3
GT1 GT2
June 1999 (GT1-21, GT2 –22) 333 218
July 1999 (GT1-0, GT2-11) 0 353
September 1999 (GT1-15, GT2-15) 163 169
October 1999 (GT1-7, GT2-18) 144 157
November 1999 (GT1-6, GT2-18) 77 157
February 2000 (GT1-14, GT2-12) 138 151
March 2000 (GT1-13, GT2-14) 142 123
April 2000 (GT1-12, GT2-0) 172 0
Period Average 4 190 185
Maximum Concentration during Period 433 433
Minimum Concentration during Period 24 71
Note:
1 Figures in brackets represent the number of days during which each of the units were
operational in the given month.
2 Converted using the conversion factor shown in Table D.1 of the World Bank Guidelines (see
Appendix E7, Volume 2, Addendum Report).
3 Corrected for dry 15% O2, 0 °C at 1 atmospheric pressure
4 Total number of operational days during this period for GT1 and GT2 were 88 and 110
respectively.
Monitoring data for the remainder of 2000 has shown that when compared with the
revised 1998 World Bank limit, the SC1 plant complied 98% of the time, rising to
99.5% if considered against the limit that applies during NOx equipment failure (SC2
was under repair during this period). SC1 complied with the 1988 World Bank
guidelines, against which the plant was originally considered, on 89% of occasions
when the Fuel Bound Nitrogen (FBN) uplift is applied. The FBN uplift was introduced
shortly after the 1995 EIA was completed and is an allowance that attempts to
account for the fuel Nitrogen variability that occurs in practice.
4.5.3 Water Environment
Water Supply
Given the current intermittent operation of T1, it is expected that the actual water
supply requirement will currently be less than that previously stated in the 1999 SEIS.
Waste Water
Wastewater quality monitoring results for the plant effluent provided in the 1999 AER
for T1 are summarised in Table 4-6.
A comparison of the relevant monitoring results and the T1 environmental criteria
(see Table 4.6 below) indicate that with the exception of suspended solids, monitored
results for 1999 were within relevant T1 criteria limits. In terms of 1998 World Bank
criteria and more recent Ghanaian EPA guidance (see section 5) it is of note that the
same relationships apply.
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Seawater temperature is monitored in Aboadze village, approximately ½ km east of
the power plant property line and down current from the seawater discharge point.
The temperature readings are taken on a regular basis (at least once a week)
approximately three metres from the shoreline. A summary of the results collected for
the 12 months up to April 2000 is provided in Table 4-7.
Table 4-6: Summary of 1999 Wastewater Quality Monitoring Results.
Parameter Applicable WB/USA/Can Monitoring
Standard Results (TTPP + others)
BOD5 (mg/l) 30 NA1
Suspended solids (mg/l) 30 0.6-802
Total coliforms (100 ml) 100 3 0
pH 6-9 6.5-9
Oil and grease (mg/l) 5+NVS <5
Temperature (°C) <3o above ambient at 0.12 °C below ambient at
edge of mixing zone beach4
Note: 1 Not applicable
2 Limit exceeded 4 times in the year
3 Standard for Faecal Coliforms
4 Ambient taken as 1998 baseline annual average beach sea temperature at Aboadze
(26.29°C).
In future there will be periodical seawater temperature readings taken offshore and
down current of the seawater discharge in order to monitor any changes in
temperature. However, the main emphasis will be on monitoring the temperature of
water in the discharge sump prior to evacuation through the seawater discharge. At
present the current seawater temperature monitoring provides additional ambient
seawater temperature data.
Table 4-7: Seawater Temperature Results between the period of May 1999 to
April 2000.
Month Temperature Range (°C) Average Temperature(°C)
May 1999 27.5 - 29.0 28.4
June 1999 - -
July 1999 22.0 - 25.5 23.3
August 1999 21.0 – 23.5 22.2
September 1999 21.5 – 24.0 22.3
October 1999 21.5 – 28.0 25.3
November 1999 27.5 – 29.0 28.5
December 1999 27.0 – 30.0 28.7
January 2000 24.0 – 28.0 26.0
February 2000 26.0 – 29.0 27.4
March 2000 28.0 – 30.5 29.5
April 2000 26.5 – 29.7 28.4
The following information was available on ‘existing’ wastewater quality monitoring
with T1 in operation between January to March 2000:
• Estimated quantity of liquid waste per month during this period was 500m3 and was
composed of discharges from the neutralisation sump, oil waste lagoon, chemical
lagoon and boiler effluent/cooling tower waste water.
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• Monitoring results from the neutralisation sump, oil waste plant and chemical lagoon
are shown in below (the main storm drain was not monitored during this period as it
was dry for most of the time);
Table 4-8: Water Quality Monitoring Results, T1, January to March 2000.
Sampling pH Oil and TSS Coliforms1 Conductivity
Locations grease (ppm) (uS/cm)
(mg/l)
Neutralisation sump 7.5-8.8 NVS 4.0-22.0 A 210-340
Oily Waste plant 6.9-7.7 NVS 16-1082 A 332-7800
Chemical Lagoon 6.9-10.2 NVS 10-1162 A 47-541
Note: 1 presence (P) or absence (A) identified only.
NVS No visible sheen.
2 Due to wind blown solids, HRSG operation and from oily waste lagoon
sources.
These readings were taken prior to the effluent being fed to the common discharge
sump where mixing with other operational effluents would occur prior to discharge
(provided the quality of the combined effluent was identified as acceptable).
Oil Spill and Contamination Events
While there have been no major releases of LCO at sea with T1, there have been
some minor incidents on land. These have been primarily associated with spills of
LCO, diesel and/or waste oil sludge onto the immediately surrounding area (e.g. pipe
trench, soil, grass or concrete) or into the storm drain. These have largely been
associated with a combination of causes which mainly relate to defective equipment,
pumping problems, mishandling and causes unknown.
The estimated quantities of hydrocarbons released during these incidents have
typically ranged from one litre to 100 litres (with the majority in the lower range). The
exceptions include two events in 1998 where ‘considerable’ spills of approximately
1000 gallons were recorded. In both instances the spill was contained (by existing
berms or by depositing soil as a flow resisting material) and removed by either
pumping into road tankers for transfer to the untreated LCO tanks for use or by
pumping the spilt oil into drums, applying oil absorbent pads in the affected areas.
These incidents have been recorded as required under Environmental Procedure 10
of the T1 Environmental Management System Manual29. The EPA visited the site
after the clean up operations to determine whether there had been any significant
environmental effects. They did not require any further actions and no written
response was made.
International Waterways
IFC policy OP 7.50 on International Waterways relates to projects that directly affect
waterways that form a boundary between states, affects a water body that is a
component of such a water way or affects a water body that is bounded by any
number of states and forms a necessary ‘channel of communication’ to the open seas
for these states. Specific projects highlighted as applicable to this policy do not
directly include thermal power plants although any project that could result in the
pollution of such water bodies would be relevant.
29
ESB International Takoradi Power Station, Environmental Management System Manual 1998.
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The existing power plant is situated on the west coast of Ghana, approximately 15 km
east of the key port of Takoradi which in turn is at least 150 km east of Côte d’Ivoire
and approximately 360 km west of Togo. The oil supply pipeline which runs in a
southeasterly direction from the coast into the Gulf of Guinea is approximately 4.5 km
long and terminates at a single point mooring (SPM). The typical size of tankers
berthing at the SPM is 40,000 tonnes and the duration of a visit by a tanker at the
SPM is in the order of 24-48 hours [see Photograph Sheet 4, Photograph 5]. At the
current rate of fuel usage for the existing plant, a delivery of LCO is made once every
four months. It is understood from consultations on site that ships accessing the
pipeline and SPM do not obstruct or affect any shipping lanes leading into and/or out
of the port of Takoradi during the length of time they are present at SPM. Shipping
lanes typically tend to form a direct approach to a port from out to sea, rather than
following the coastline which would have to be the case if TTPP activities were to
have an effect. The location of the pipeline and SPM does not affect any water body
that may be classified as a ‘international waterway’ as defined in the IFC policy OP
7.50. The implications of any oil spills in the vicinity of the SPM affecting international
waterways are discussed in section 5.5.3.
4.5.4 Noise
The baseline noise climate in the vicinity of T1 and T2 was provided in section 3.5 of
the 1999 SEIS. Subsequent to the noise monitoring results summarised in section
3.5 of the 1999 SEIS, the following have been recorded as part of the on going noise
monitoring programme for T1 and have been extracted from the following documents:
• Annual Environmental Report for 1999 (January – December 1999)27; and
• Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Data Report to EPA (January 2000 – March
2000).30
These results incorporate T1 only (although there is likely to be some influence from
ongoing T2 construction activities being undertaken during the monitoring periods);
data incorporating T2 has been included in section 5.5.4 of the Addendum.
1999 Annual Environmental Report (AER)
The summary of the weekly noise monitoring results for 1999 (as detailed in the 1999
AER) have been listed in Table 4-9 below. It was noted in the 1999 AER that noise
levels for the selected T1 plant were generally within the World Bank criteria of 85
dB(A) at one meter from the plant in question. However, noise levels at the fuel
treatment plant in particular, were in excess of the 85 dB(A) limit. As a consequence,
health and safety notices were erected to notify workers to wear ear protection and it
is mandatory for such equipment to be worn in the fuel treatment room.
It was noted that maximum level (LAeq) noise levels at to the plant fence line exceeded
the 1988 World Bank noise level of 55 dB(A) on a number of occasions due to noisy
construction activities for T1 and T2 (later in the year) involving heavy plant vehicles
and the periodic use of diesel generators.
With regards to current 1998 World Bank noise levels, the criteria applies to
maximum noise levels at the property boundary compared to the perimeter fence as
per 1988 World Bank criteria used for T1. The area beyond the eastern boundary
30
Note: In addition to the construction of T2 during these monitoring periods, T2’s SC1 became operational in
March 2000 and start-up procedures and testing will have been undertaken.
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fence is generally not densely populated, however residences and other buildings are
currently under construction close to TTPP [see Photograph Sheet 7, Photographs 9].
It is of note that beyond the TTPP acquisition boundary, TTPP do not have any
control on land use planning (this is the role of the Shama Ahanta East Metropolitan
Assembly) such that people can erect houses directly adjacent to the plant boundary
should they choose to do so.
Table 4-9: Noise Monitoring Results, T1 (dB(A)) – Jan 1999 to Dec 1999.
Plant Fenceline T1 Gas Fuel Transformers
Month East N, S and W Turbine Area Treatment Room
March 53-58 55-78 64-98 67-101 71-84
April 55-64 57-65 86-92 83-97 71-83
May 54-56 56-61 62-89 82-91 74-82
June 54-58 60-77 60-89 80-92 72-81
July 53-55 55-74 64-89 87-95 74-79
August 63-70 50-59 - 90-96 69-76
September 55-68 59-66 62-87 77-95 74-82
October 52-55 55-80 68-90 54-96 73-78
November 54-57 56-78 69-89 NA 73-78
December 54-57 55-77 87-91 84-90 71-78
Note: NA = noise monitoring equipment out of service.
Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Data Report
It was noted in the quarterly report that the exceedances recorded were either due to,
or counterbalanced by the following:
• Construction noise (primarily T2) and one steam blowing event for T1 which affected
plant boundary noise levels;
• Despite the high noise levels monitored for the gas turbines and fuel treatment plant,
noise levels at Aboadze were stated as not being significantly affected. Workers are
required to comply with noise protection measures throughout the site where noise
levels are high, as indicated by posted health and safety signs.
Table 4-10: Noise Monitoring Results, T1 (dBA) – Jan 2000 to Mar 2000.
Sampling Location Jan Feb March Applicable Standard
2000 2000 2000 (dBA)
Plant fence boundaries 56-78 58-77 41-110 55
(N, S, E and W fences)
Gas turbines area 87-88 87-88 86-90 85 at one meter from
plant
Fuel Treatment room 85-94 87-90 87-93 85 at one meter from
plant
Transformers 74-78 72-75 76-80 85 at one meter from
plant
Overall the baseline results collected for both 1999 and 2000 indicate that operational
noise levels for T1 are roughly comparable to those reported in Appendix 8, Volume 2
of the 1999 SEIS (these have been reproduced in Appendix E, Volume 2 to the
Addendum). Plant fenceline noise measurements generally tend to show an increase
relative to the measurements undertaken in association with the 1999 EIA, however,
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as construction and start-up activities are still ongoing these levels are not expected
to represent a ‘normal’ operations noise environment. It is expected that beyond the
TTPP acquisition boundary the high monitored noise levels will have reduced,
particularly in the direction of the VRA township and Aboadze.
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5 SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
5.1 Introduction
The following comprises a description of the likely nature and significance of
additional and/or new environmental effects that would occur relative to the updated
information for T2 and for the new topics addressed in the Addendum.
Unless stated otherwise the same assessment approaches and assumptions
described in section 4 of the 1999 SEIS have been used for the Addendum EIA. The
exceptions are for noise and air quality assessments as no further monitoring or
modelling was undertaken for this study.
5.2 Physical Environment
5.2.1 Landscape and Visual Effects
Construction Effects
Based on the May 2000 site visit, the main changes to the construction landscape
and visual effects over and above those described in section 4.9 of the 1999 SEIS
comprise the following:
• The BVI construction compound immediately adjacent to the plant was particularly
noticeable within the landscape when approaching the site on the Inchaban-Aboadze
road. This is largely due to the presence of the concrete batching plant tanks and the
stockpiles of material of different colours to the surrounding land use.
• The establishment of a food market adjacent to the BVI Compound and worker’s bus
parking areas also represented a minor adverse change to the landscape and/visual
character of the site when looking towards these areas due to the largely cluttered
appearance of these areas. This has since been removed.
• The construction of T2 is largely screened by T1, particularly from the north and
eastern approaches to TTPP and the populated areas.
Operational
It is anticipated that there will be no further significant adverse impacts on the
landscape/visual character and quality of the area surrounding and overlooking TTPP
(incorporating T2) for the operational stage over and above those effects described in
the 1999 SEIS.
The rehabilitation of the areas currently used by BVI for construction purposes
(including the dismantling of the concrete batching plant) after completion of
construction activities represents an improvement.
The maturation of planting already undertaken at TTPP and after completion of T2 will
continue to help soften and break up the appearance of the plant within the landscape
at ground level. However, given the scale of the plant it will not be possible to
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completely screen the plant from views, particularly from view-points on higher
ground.
It is important to bear in mind that within the cultural context of the area, local
perceptions of the visual and landscape effects of the plant are expected to be of a
generally reduced significance, compared to the significance of TTPP on socio-
economic factors, such as land-use.
5.3 Biological Environment
5.3.1 Terrestrial Ecology – Flora and Fauna
Site Preparation and Construction Effects
In terms of vegetation clearance, habitat loss and disturbance to wildlife, there is
expected to be no significant change to the effects described in 4.8.2 on account of
the fact that the T2 site is largely contained within an area already affected by T1
(including the BVI construction area and other laydown areas) and that the
construction phases for T1 and T2 have been concurrent.
While the construction period for T2 is longer than that considered in the 1999 SEIS,
it is thought that this will not represent a significant change to the conditions
described in the 1999 SEIS. This is on the basis that the extension is cumulative
(rather than a new occurrence) and that the surrounding area is not particularly
ecological sensitive to noise. Given the number of birds observed in the vicinity of
TTPP in general and at the sewage lagoons which lie between the BVI construction
compound and the T2 site, it is considered that the previous comment made in the
1999 SEIS that a degree of acclimatisation by birds to noise levels may occur
remains valid.
With regard to habitat contamination, BVI have been required to limit habitat
contamination due to, for example, silt loading into the wet lands that surround the
construction compound and off the T2 site and from spills and dust emissions as
described in the EPC contract (see section 3.5.5 and Appendix E1, Volume 2). This
included, for example:
• laying straw at the main surface runoff channels from the construction compound to
retain any silt contained within the runoff;
• constructing a temporary drainage system for T2 during SC1 to collect and channel
runoff from the T2 site into settling basins and the existing T1 drainage system. This
temporary system has been replaced by a permanent system under T2, SC2 Phase.
[See Photograph Sheet 2, Photographs 2a and 2b].
• removal off site of waste slurry produced at the concrete batching plant by the
subcontractor to an appropriate site for disposal.
Operational Effects
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It is anticipated that as there is no adverse change to the main plant components of
the T2 plant, relative to the details available for the 1999 SEIS or additional land-take,
there will be no significant change to the nature and significance of the ecological
effects described in section 4.8.3 of the 1999 SEIS.
It is of note that under current operations, the T2 units are used on an intermittent
basis rather than continuously (i.e. they are typically operational for evening peak
periods only). Consequently there is expected to be a reduction in the degree of
impact on disturbance to wildlife and habitat contamination through the settling of
stack emissions compared to that described in the 1999 SEIS. This would be
expected to continue for the duration of the reduced operations of TTPP.
Similarly the change in waste oil disposal will also potentially have a benefit on the
surrounding environment.
5.3.2 Natural Habitats and Forestry
Site Preparation and Construction Effects
Given the following, it is concluded that T2 will have no effect on natural habitats and
forestry:
• The T2 site, which is incorporated within the existing TTPP site, was previously
cleared during T1;
• Borrow material required for T2 has been supplied from existing borrow areas off site;
• The BVI construction compound (including the concrete batching plant and spoil
storage area) were sited on land previously used or disturbed in connection with T1;
Operational Effects
The main impacts associated with TTPP (including T2) that may affect any natural
habitats and forested areas would be associated with the settling of stack emissions
downwind of TTPP. However, as described in section 4.8.3, the area downwind of
TTPP is largely comprised of land modified for subsistence farming and generally of
little ecological value.
5.4 Human Environment
The methodology used for this assessment comprises a mixture of the approach
adopted and described in section 4.3.1 of the 1999 SEIS and incorporating the
observations and data collected during the May 2000 site visit.
5.4.1 Social Character, Traffic, Land Issues and Waste Management
Site Preparation and Construction Effects
Relative to the specific issues raised in section 4.3.2 of the 1999 SEIS, the following
updated comments associated with the effects of the T2 construction phase to date
are listed below:
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• Effects on the community infrastructure – no change to the conclusions of the 1999
SEIS given that the infrastructure had already been set up for T1.
• Actual labour requirements for T2 SC1 and SC2 exceeded the figure originally quoted
(350) in the 1999 SEIS for the then Phase I and Phase II. The highest average
monthly construction labour force (403) was recorded in the T2 Project Progress
Report no 12 and covered both SC1 and SC2 labour requirements.
• Save for a food market that was temporarily sited adjacent to the BVI construction
compound by local people to cater for the Ghanaian site workers, there is no other
evidence of temporary shanty towns having been set up adjacent to the site and/or an
uncontrolled influx of migrant workers for T2 to date. This is unlikely to change with
the remaining T2 construction phase.
• No significant changes to the 1999 SEIS conclusions on food supply competition for
T2 have either been observed with the T2 construction phases already underway. It is
therefore expected that there would be no change with the remaining construction
period for CC.
• No significant problems with regards to anti-social behaviour by immigrant workers
have been recorded for T2 since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS. It is expected on
the basis of previous experience on site that there will be no change to the
conclusions of the 1999 SEIS on this matter (see chapter 4.3.2 of the 1999 SEIS).
• Public health –no significant change to the conclusions of the 1999 SEIS on the risk
of an increase in HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, and in mosquito
breeding areas.
In terms of traffic and access impacts (see section 4.6.2 of the 1999 SEIS) there is no
updated information on the levels of traffic generation associated with the completed
SC1 and SC2 Phases and for the future CC phase. However, traffic levels and their
knock-on effects on road side air quality, noise and risk for road traffic accidents, are
still expected to be of a similar magnitude and significance to those described in
section 4.6.2 of the 1999 SEIS. However, the cumulative length over which these
effects may occur may potentially increase due to the change in construction phasing
of T2. Such that, the previously predicted three year construction period of T2 may
extend to almost four years.
It is expected that there will be no significant change to the potential land use effects
(i.e. within the vicinity of the T2 borrow areas) described in section 4.7.2 of the 1999
SEIS.
In terms of waste management there is no significant change to the general types of
waste generated during site preparation and construction phase. It is understood that
subcontractors are responsible for removing generated waste offsite, and or recycling
construction materials accordingly. For example, wood packaging and former form
work is made available to the labour force on a reward basis such that those teams or
individuals working particularly efficiently will be given a quantity of wood for domestic
use. No burning of waste is undertaken on site.
Operational Effects
There is expected to be no significant change to the conclusions of the 1999 SEIS
due to the fact that there has been no significant change to T2’s components and
hence its operation. The fact that some of the TTPP plant is not operating on a
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continuous basis would be expected to result in a general reduction in the level and
significance of environmental effects.
Community relations between TTPP and the surrounding communities continue to be
very good on account of the activities of the community improvements project
programme, TTPP Public Relations’ officer, and that VRA encourage an open-door
approach to receiving and handling complaints and requests for assistance or
information. Informal consultations with Assembly members and townsfolk of
Aboadze during the May 2000 site visit indicated that they continue to be happy with
the community improvement projects underway. There were generally no specific
concerns raised regarding the impact of TTPP, although it was mentioned that initially
there were fears regarding impacts on fish stocks and health due to air emissions.
5.4.2 Social Issues Specific to IFC Social Topics
Site Preparation and Construction Effects
Based on the following, it is concluded that there has been no significant effect on
cultural property and resettlement due to elements of T2 so far undertaken.
• No features of cultural, archaeological, historical or religious significance were
discovered during the construction works for T1 (which incorporated the main T2);
• The cemetery and shrines highlighted as being potentially affected in the construction
mitigation plan included in the EPC Agreement have not been directly affected by T2
phase to date;
• The T2 site is contained within the existing T1 site and consequently there were no
residences or squatters present on the T2 site prior to construction commencing
(including the BVI construction compound area). Therefore there was no requirement
to remove and resettle people for T2.
With regard to the use of child and or forced labour during the remaining T2
construction phase, labour at the site is provided via a number of resourcing
subcontractors, supplying both skilled and unskilled workers from within Ghana for
construction, mechanical, electrical, civil and administration activities. It is stated in
Article 15 of the EPC Agreement that:
‘…the Contractor further agrees to observe applicable laws relating to a minimum age
for employment of children, acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum
wages, hours of work, and occupational health and safety, and not to use forced
labour.’ 31
The ‘disinfestation and fumigation’ programme currently undertaken on TTPP
property (including the township and project offices) is an ongoing programme but
has not been extended, as yet to incorporate the BVI construction areas of T2. Other
T2 related project offices have been accommodated within the existing offices on the
northern edge of the plant which are already subject to periodic spraying. This is
expected to represent a relatively small incremental increase in the area affected
during spraying and the volumes of spray applied. Given the health benefits, this
incremental change is not expected to represent a significant impact.
31
Amended and Restated Agreement between Takoradi International Company and Black and Veatch
International Company for the Construction, Start-up and Testing of Takoradi 2 Facility in Aboadze, Ghana,
effective as of 23 February 1999.
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Operational Effects
There will be no further impacts on cultural properties or requirements for
resettlement during the operation of T2. An exception may be the food market
(comprising shelters and stalls used for providing food only) which appeared in the
earlier phases of T2 and was removed once construction of SC1 and SC2 was
complete. This is because the market was in operation against VRA/TIC policy,
however as it has been recognised as providing a useful service during the T2
construction phase it may be allowed in the remaining phase of T2.
There will continue to be a policy of appropriate recruitment and employment for the
operational phase of T2, as applied throughout the lifespan of TTPP to date. There
will be no use for child or forced labour at T2 and TTPP.
In terms of pest management, there will be a slight increase in the area of land within
the vicinity of the substations over which herbicide will be applied to manage
vegetation growth in this area. This will represent an increase in the application area
from 135 m2 to approximately 190 m2 (including CC phase requirements) which is
considered to be a minor, incremental change over and above the current application
area. The quantity of herbicide will also increase, however this is again not expected
to represent a significant increase over and above the quantities already applied in
the area under T1. It is of note that the area immediately surrounding the substation
(i.e. within 10 m of the substation fencing) comprises a mixture of T1 plant, fencing
and the TTPP perimeter access road. In addition, the grading of the area beyond the
northern TTPP fence is raised above the substation area and the vegetation present
is largely, relatively recently planted grass. Consequently it is expected that
irrespective of the chemicals used to manage vegetation regrowth, the impact of any
drift during application would be reduced due:
• to the low sensitivity of the surrounding area; and
• the shielding provided by the lower elevation of the substation compared to the land
immediately to the north.
See section 6.4 for a discussion on appropriate mitigation measures.
5.5 Environmental Quality of the Area
5.5.1 Introduction
Due to the circumstances under which the 1999 SEIS was produced the significance
of the results of the air, water and noise assessments were determined relative to
primarily Ghanaian environmental quality criteria. As IFC and OPIC have requested
that compliance with 1998 World Bank criteria is shown, the following largely
comprises a review of the available monitoring data for TTPP as a whole and T2’s
SCI (where available) and a commentary on the implications of applying the 1998
World Bank criteria to the results of the 1999 SEIS assessments.
The 1998 World Bank criteria for thermal power plants are listed as per topic in this
section. Full details of the criteria are reproduced in Appendix E7, Volume 2.
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Environmental monitoring has shown that T2 generation equipment has achieved
excellent compliance with relevant emission guidelines. With some discharges it is
very difficult to separate the effect of T2 from T1 discharges, and in these instances
the discharges from the plant as a whole are considered. Examples include noise
and wastewater quality.
Ground level concentrations of the relevant air contaminants have remained within
the appropriate air quality guidelines since the TTPP first commenced generating.
Exceptions to this have been linked to identifiable external influences. Despite some
complaints and infrequent exceedances, the community noise levels do not appear to
have deteriorated significantly as a result of the T2 expansion to date. Wastewater
quality is controlled to meet limits and monitoring has demonstrated good compliance,
with exceptions being attributed to identifiable causes.
Commissioning issues and the challenging operating environment have meant that
items of pollution monitoring and control equipment have periodically suffered
outages, and the plant's location can mean significant downtime results. However,
such problems are expected to become less frequent over time, particularly as a
result of measures taken to date such as equipment adjustments and increased
stocking of spare parts.
The T2 plant is expected to reliably meet the relevant environmental guidelines.
5.5.2 Air Quality
The Ghanaian and 1998 World Bank ground level air quality criteria are shown in
Table 3.1 of the 1999 SEIS. 1998 World Bank emissions criteria are shown below
(there are no Ghanaian emissions criteria).
Table 5-1: 1998 World Bank Stack Emissions Criteria.
Maximum Emissions Level
Parameter Metric tons per day Milligrams per Parts per million
(tpd) cubic meter (ppm)2
3 1
(mg/m )
NOx - 300 146
SO2 0.2 tpd/MW plus 2000 700
2000 mg/Nm3 (dry,
excess O2 15%),
with max. 500 tpd
PM10 - 50 -
Source: World Bank Group Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook – Thermal Power:
Guidelines for New Plants, 1998
3
Note: 1. mg/m is dry, 1 atmospheric pressure, zero degrees centigrade, excess O2 15%
2. See Table D.1 in the World Bank guidance for conversion chart.
Site Preparation and Construction Effects
There is expected to be no change to the nature and significance of the impacts
described in section 4.2.2 of the 1999 SEIS (which in turn specifically related to the
conditions described in the 1995 EIA Report). However, the period over which the
construction related effects may last may be extended by up to one year beyond the
construction phase considered in the 1999 SEIS.
Operational Effects
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Overall it is expected that, given there is no significant change to the design and plant
previously considered in the 1999 SEIS, there will be no significant change to the
conclusions of the air quality modelling assessment presented in section 4.2.3 of the
1999 SEIS. This assessment addressed the cumulative effect of all four simple cycle
units operating simultaneously and running on LCO.
Taking into account the requirement by IFC and OPIC to confirm compliance with the
1998 World Bank Guidelines it is noted that:
• Maximum predicted ground level NO2 and SO2 concentrations depicted in Table 4.3
of the 1999 SEIS are all significantly within the appropriate World Bank ground level
air quality criteria as listed on the World Bank’s web page.32
T2’s SC1 unit has been operational since 1 March 2000, and at this stage, and prior
to the finalisation of the EMMP for T2, only NOx emissions are currently monitored
from the SC1’s stack. Emissions data for SCI was provided for the specific periods
during which the unit has been operational between 6 March – 31 March 2000. The
unit was typically operational from 1700 to 0000 hours on a total of 15 days during
this period, with 2 occasions during this time when the unit was in operation for up 12
hours during the 24 hour period.
Table 5-2 summarises the results of the emissions monitoring undertaken during this
time and shows the daily average for the both the original measurement in parts per
million volume (ppmv) and the converted concentration (mg/m3) for comparison with
the 1998 World Bank NOx emissions standard.
Table 5-2: NOx Emissions Results for T2’s SC1, March 2000.
Date 1 NOx Emissions NOx Emissions
(ppmv) (mg/m3)2,3
6/3/00 (7 hours) 75 153
7/3/00 (7 hours) 65 134
8/3/00 (7 hours) 62 128
11/3/00 (7 hours) 66 134
12/3/00 (7 hours) 65 134
14/3/00 (12 hours) 64 131
15/3/00 (12 Hours) 66 134
163/00 (7 hours) 65 133
17/3/00 (7 hours) 65 133
23/3/00 (7 hours) 67 137
25/3/00 (7 hours) 66 135
26/3/00 (6 hours) 64 132
28/3/00 (8 hours) 65 133
29/3/00 (5 hours) 68 139
30/3/00 (8 hours) 63 128
Period Average 4 66 134
Maximum Concentration during period 115 236
Minimum Concentration during period 38 77
Note:
1. Figures in brackets represent the number of hours during the 24 hour period that the unit was
operational.
32
http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/em/power/standards/airqstd.stm
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2. Converted using the conversion factor shown in Table D.1 of the World Bank Guidelines (see
Appendix E7, Volume 2, Addendum Report).
3. Corrected for dry 15% O2, 0 °C at 1 atmospheric pressure
4. Total number of operational hours during this period was 114 over a period of 15 days in March
2000.
It can be seen that the results for T2, including the maximum concentrations
measured during this period, are well within the 1998 World Bank NOx emissions
criteria of 300 mg/m3.
T2’s SC2 was commissioned in September 2000 and its operation has alternated with
SC1 during evenings. Table 5-3, taken from the Annual Environmental Report 2000
(AER 2000) shows the results for the operation of both T2 SC units in 2000. These
results show that the T2 plant is achieving excellent compliance with World Bank
Limits. However, there have been instances where NOx control equipment has
suffered outages, as well as some problems with NOx monitoring equipment.
All ambient NOx and SO2 analysers had been taken out of service at time of writing
and were being shipped to the Colorado, USA supplier for repairs. Increased spares
were also being purchased as a result. They were expected to be back in
commission in late April2001. Particulate equipment has also failed, and a request
has been placed for repair and for the purchase of additional back-up equipment.
Failure of the site meteorological station has been addressed with purchase of parts
and the station was due to be repaired in late March. However, the location has been
identified as inappropriate due to the influence of recent buildings placed in the
vicinity. A new station has been selected and a purchase request made. An
appropriate site will be selected for this station.
For the purposes of this assessment the monitoring details in Table 5-3 replace the
details presented for NOx stack emissions monitoring in the First Quarterly Report to
the Ghanaian EPA for T2 (see Appendix E8, Volume 2).
Table 5-3 NOx Emissions results for T2, AER 2000
Unit NOx Emission 1 Hr Average (ppm) Applicable Remarks
Standard1
March Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec 300 mg/m3 ~100%
2000 2000 2000 2000 or (400 compliance
G T1 287 na 140-318 68-4083 mg/m3 with the
(SC1) without World Bank
GT2 na na 162 80-3492 water 1hr.
(SC2) injection) maximum
allowable
limit
1. World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998, Thermal Power: Guidelines for New
Plants. Combustion Turbine Units maximum NOx emissions limit=300mg/Nm3 (146ppm) with water
injection and 400mg/Nm3 (195ppm) without water injection.
2. Due to problems associated with the water injection system, SC2 was operated without NOx control
water injection.
3
3. World Bank 1hr. maximum allowable limit exceeded by 8 mg/m
There would be no change to the effect of the T2 cooling towers over and above that
described in 4.2.3 of the 1999 SEIS.
It is important to note that taking into account the current operating regime at TTPP
(see section 3.7 above) it is expected that the following changes to the cumulative
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impact of T1 and T2 will occur until ‘normal’ operating conditions are established once
T2 is complete:
• There is a likely, relative increase in localised odour emissions due to the increased
frequency of turbine firing up required with the intermittent use of the units. It was
noted during the site visit that the firing up of T2’s SC1 combustion turbine on 11 May
2000 produced a distinct petrocarbon odour event, coupled with a short lived period
of smoke release (light brown in colour). The units are fired up using diesel. While
this odour event was observed to be relatively short-lived i.e. lasting the duration of
the firing up procedure, it was an acute event. However, it is understood that there
was a problem with the firing up procedure on that occasion which resulted in a more
acute episode than normally associated with the procedure. This is being treated as
a warranty issue to be resolved shortly by the Contractor.
• There is a relative increase in the quantities of diesel being used under the current
conditions than would be associated with a continuous operation of a fully functional
T1 and T2.
Although not strictly associated with T2, it is of note that there will be a slight air
quality benefit linked with TTPP (i.e. T1 and T2) due to the change in waste oil sludge
disposal options. This will be achieved by removing a potential source of pollution.
Global Considerations – Carbon Dioxide
As there has been no change to the specific design and method of operation for T2
and TTPP as a whole it is expected that there will be no change to the nature and
significance of the conclusions previously drawn for CO2 emissions.
5.5.3 Water Environment
Site Preparation and Construction Effects
In terms of water supply and wastewater, there is considered to be no significant
change to the impacts described in section 4.4.2 of the 1999 SEIS. BVI are
contractually required to minimise the potential implications of construction activities
on the surrounding water environment (see section 3.5.5 of the Addendum).
Operational Effects
Tables 5.4 to 5.6 list updated mass balances of water for each of the phases for T2.
These indicate that relative to the details available for the preparation of the 1999
SEIS (see Tables 4.4 to 4.7 in section 4.4.3 of the 1999 SEIS) there have been some
minor reductions to the quantities of water demand and water loss for each of the
phases (under LCO or natural gas use). The commentary on the operational effects
on water supply issues in the 1999 SEIS are therefore considered to remain valid.
[T1 sanitary waste treatment and the T1 wastewater and brine disposal are included
as they are an integral part of the common water supply system].
It is worthwhile making an additional note concerning the combined water demands of
T1 and T2. The 1995 EIA quantified the freshwater demands of T1 at around
1500m3/d. Consideration of the data given in table 5-4 shows that a peak T2
desalination supply of 382gpm (requiring 1135gpm influent seawater) will eventually
meet the freshwater requirements of T2. In the event that all four CTG’s are required
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to operate concurrently for extended periods, the total T1 and T2 plant freshwater
demand would exceed the freshwater supply by a small margin until the T2
Desalination plant is operative. Once the T2 desalination plant is operative, plant
water supply will meet water demand for all modes of plant operation. Temporary
process modifications and use of reservoir water can allow four-CTG operation in the
interim, but regularly operating in this modified mode is not desirable from a
maintenance and financial perspective.
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Table 5-4: T2, Simple Cycle 1 – LCO and Natural Gas Fuel (in brackets)
Description Water Demand Water Loss
(gpm) (gpm)
Summer Winter Summer Winter
Water Supply 119 159
(139) (170)
Water Injection to Reduce NOx 73 103
Emissions (88) (111)
T1 Sanitary Waste Treatment 1.5 1.5
(1.5) (1.5)
T1 Wastewater 44 54
(49) (57)
Total Input/Output 119 159 118.5 158.5
(139) (170) (138.5) (169.5)
Source: Black and Veatch, Power Division
Table 5-5: T2, Simple Cycle 1 + 2 – LCO and Natural Gas Fuel (in brackets)
Description Water Demand Water Loss
(gpm) (gpm)
Summer Winter Summer Winter
Water Supply 221 302
(261) (323)
Water Injection to Reduce NOx 145 206
Emissions (175) (222)
T1 Sanitary Waste Treatment 1.5 1.5
(1.5) (1.5)
T1 Wastewater 73 94
(83) (99)
Total Input/Output 221 302 219.5 301.5
(261) (323) (259.5) (322.5)
Source: Black and Veatch, Power Division
Since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS there has been no significant change to the
arrangements for wastewater management (in terms of discharge points and
processing). The minor exception comprises the relocation of the contingency
oil/water separator for the transformers (see section 3.3.5 above). Otherwise it is
considered that the assessment of the wastewater issues in section 4.4.3 of the 1999
SEIS are still applicable. During the May 2000 site visit attention was drawn to the
current low use of the sewage lagoons which were described by TIC as being
underused compared to the design specifications [See Photograph Sheet 6,
Photographs 8 a to 8c].
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Table 5-6: T2, Combined Cycle – LCO and Natural Gas Fuel (in brackets)
Description Water Demand Water Loss
(gpm) (gpm)
Summer Winter Summer Winter
Seawater supply 8933 8767
(10106) (9819)
Seawater to T2 Desalination (a) 822 1057
(952) (1135)
Seawater to T2 Cooling Tower (b) 8112 7709
(9154) (8684)
Evaporation (Cooling Tower) 1352 1285
(1526) (1447)
Drift (Cooling Tower) 6 6
(6) (6)
Water Injection to Reduce NOx 145 206
Emissions (175) (222)
Vent Losses (Steam) 14 15
(16) (16)
T1 Sanitary Waste Treatment 1.5 1.5
(1.5) (1.5)
T1 Wastewater and Brine Disposal 7415 7253
(8382) (8123)
Total Input/Output 8933 8767 8933.5 8766.5
(10106.5) (9815.5)
Source: Black and Veatch, Power Division
Note: (a) and (b) – these constitute proportions of the total seawater supply.
In terms of potential spill and contamination issues the details relating to the oil spill
contingency plan provided in section 4.4.3 and section 7 (Risk Management) of the
1999 SEIS remain valid. Further, the Spill Prevention Plan is presently under review,
while a Spill Risk assessment and Prevention Plan are also under development and
due for release shortly. It is of note that under the current operations, the
consumption of LCO is reduced from one delivery a month to one delivery every four
months which would effectively reduce the frequency of risk for an oil spill to occur
during LCO offloading.
Since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS, two mock oil spill exercise have been
undertaken at the plant, as required in the plant’s EMS. In summary, the purpose of
the exercise was to test the Oil Spill Response Plan33, which was prepared in
accordance with the requirements of the National Oil Spill Contingency Plan. A copy
of the plant’s Oil Spill Response Plan has been included, at the request of OPIC, in
Appendix F1, Volume 2 of the Addendum34. Copies of the Mock Spill Exercise
reports have also been included in Appendix F2, Volume 2.35 The conclusions and
actions from the exercises included:
• The exercise involved eight organisations and 58 individuals and was considered to
be a successful test run in terms of the response applied, the collaboration achieved
between the organisations involved, and the scope of improvements identified.
33
ERM Northeast Inc, Final Draft Oil Spill Response Plan, Takoradi Thermal Plant, Takoradi, Ghana Final Draft
July 1997.
34
A copy of the Marine Investigations Survey (Volume 6, TK2 Specification Documents, Mott Ewbank Preece,
March 1996) was provided with the submission of the Second Issue of the Addendum Environmental Report for
T2, in support of the Oil Spill Response Plan at the request of OPIC.
35
VRA Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Report on First Mock Spill Exercise, Held on 27 May 1999.
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• Areas requiring further action included improving the state of preparedness of plant
personnel, obtaining a boom and skimmer suited to rough seas and other minor
equipment modifications.
With regards to any operational impacts on international waterways, it is considered
that there would be no effect on this issue given that TTPP or its associated fuel
pipeline do not extend into waters that meet the specific IFC definitions for
‘international waterways’. In terms of any polluting effect on an international
waterway, it was noted in the 1995 EIA that any oil spill from the pipeline would flow
in an easterly direction (away from the Côte d’Ivoire) along the Ghanaian Coast. The
formulation of the Oil Spill Response Plan, Prevention Plan and Risk Assessment
along with other built in features designed to limit equipment failure are expected to
prevent a major oil spill occurring that could potentially affect international water or
shipping lanes beyond the site.
5.5.4 Noise
The Ghanaian and 1998 World Bank noise level criteria are shown below and are
shown to be comparable for residential areas in particular. The time periods over
which maximum noise levels are measured are different by one hour. Consequently
the significance of the results of the 1999 SEIS for the residential areas in particular
may be seen as comparable with the 1998 World Bank criteria. A comparison of the
levels is given in Table 5-7, while noise levels measured at the various monitoring
sites during 2000 are summarised in Table 5.8.
Table 5-7: Comparison of Ghanaian and 1998 World Bank Noise Level
Criteria.
Zone Description of Area of Noise Permissible Noise Level
Receptor Day Night
Ghana EPA (06.00-22.00) (22.00-06.00)
A Residential 55 48
B1 Educational 55 50
B2 Light commercial industry 60 55
1998 World Bank (07.00-22.00) (22.00-07.00)
- Residential, institutional and 55 45
educational
- Industrial, commercial 70 70
Continuous noise generated by the transformers were in compliance with the 85dBA
limit, however noise levels at the fuel treatment room and in the vicinity of the gas
turbines exceeded this limit. To mitigate this adverse impact on worker health,
appropriate warning signs have been posted and the wearing of ear protective gear
has been made mandatory in these areas.
While ambient noise at the eastern fence (nearest to Aboadze) was most of the time
within limits, levels beyond the 55dBA limit were recorded at the north, south and
western fences. This was the situation for the 1999 monitoring results, which included
only T1’s influence, but may have been exacerbated by the two additional gas
turbines.
It can be observed from the community noise monitoring results that even though
noise levels at the fenceline have increased, the Aboadze village has not been
adversely impacted by noise from the operational activities of the station.
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Table 5-8 Noise Monitoring Results, T1 and T2 (dB(A)) – Jan 2000 to Dec 2000.
Month Plant Gas Fuel Transformers Community
Fenceline Turbine Treatment Noise
Area Room
January 56-78 87-89 88-94 75-78 N/A
February 58-61 87-88 87-90 72-75 N/A
March 31-110 86-90 88-93 76-80 N/A
April 41-66 89-118 80-109 76-80 N/A
May 47-68 89-102 89-96 73-74 N/A
June 50-61 87-90 86-94 75-77 47-53
July 48-62 88-91 89-95 77-79 41-47
August 49-58 88-91 88-92 78-79 44-53
September 52-62 88-90 87-89 N/A 44-54
October 40-72 86-89 87-88 N/A N/A
November 40-72 87-89 86-87 N/A 44-54
December 44-61 N/A N/A N/A 49-62
EIA Limits 55 85 85 85 48/55
N/A: Equipment not in service
Site Preparation and Construction
Since the preparation of the 1999 SEIS, the construction of T2's SC1 and SC2 has
been completed.
Noise monitoring data presented in section 4.5.4 above indicates that recent noise
levels at the TTPP fenceline have been in excess of the 55 dB(A). The high noise
levels at the plant fenceline were largely due to the continuing construction activities
and start-up, commissioning activities that are primarily associated with the on going
T2 construction programme. These exceedances are likely to be more important to
areas adjacent to the eastern and northern fencelines due to the presence of
residential areas beyond. While there was no recent monitoring data available for
the stations within Aboadze and the VRA Township or at the receptors used in the
1999 SEIS, it is likely that with greater distances from the plant fenceline the noise
level and significance of any exceedances beyond 55 dB(A) will decrease
accordingly. The exception is likely to remain at the lorry park which was predicted to
experience noise levels in excess of 55 dB(A) in the 1999 SEIS. A similar condition is
still expected to occur as predicted and will be due to its proximity to the eastern plant
fenceline which is currently showing noise levels in excess of 55 dB(A) on a periodic
basis.
However, it is important to note that the exact wording of the 1998 World Bank
guidance on ground level noise states that ‘measurements are to be taken at noise
receptors located outside the project property boundary.’ This approach was adopted
for the 1999 SEIS. In the case of TTPP, this extends beyond the plant fenceline and
includes the VRA township.
The construction period for the CC phase is estimated to be 24 months (see Figure
3.5) and was hoped to be tied directly onto the end of SC2, which has proved not to
be the case. In the 1999 SEIS it was estimated that the construction programme for
T2 as a whole would last for three years from the time of receipt of the Environmental
Approval. Under the re-phasing of T2, the construction programme can potentially
extend beyond 4 years (depending on the actual date of ‘Notice to Proceed’ for the
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CC Phase). Consequently there will be an extension to the period over which
construction noise effects will occur and or potentially result in high noise levels,
relative to the period described in 1999 SEIS.
It is understood that during steam blowing activities, which were short-lived very noisy
events, a number of complaints from the local communities were made regarding the
disturbance caused. Measures are to be ensured in future to provide prior warning of
steam blowing and other particularly noisy activities to reduce the degree of
disruption.
Operational Effects
Given that there has been no significant change to the plant and or design of T2
compared to that considered in the 1999 SEIS, it is assumed that under normal
operating conditions, for a fully functional TTPP (T1+T2), there would be no
significant adverse change to the noise predictions present in section 4.5.3 of the
1999 SEIS. In short, the predictions for the selected receptors modelled showed that
under either simple cycle or combined cycle mode noise levels from TTPP (i.e.
T1+T2) would be within 1998 World Bank criteria. The cumulative effect associated
with T2 was considered to be minor to negligible.
This conclusion is made on the basis that the assumptions developed for the 1999
EIA on likely noise levels associated with elements of T1 SC1 (which were not
operational at the time) remain valid. The ongoing noise monitoring programme will
seek to confirm the results of the 1999 SEIS as well as ensure compliance with
Ghanaian and 1998 World Bank environmental criteria.
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6 MITIGATION MEASURES AND LIKELY NET
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
6.1 Introduction
The following comprises recommendations for additional mitigation measures to be
incorporated into the remaining construction phase and operational phase of T2 only
and is based on the findings of this Addendum report.
In general those mitigation measures described in the 1999 SEIS are considered to
be valid and relevant (see section 5 of the 1999 SEIS).
An update on the nature and significance of any residual impacts from the
construction and operational phases of T2 is also provided.
6.2 Physical Environment
6.2.1 Landscape and Visual Effects
Beyond continuing with the remaining elements of the existing TTPP landscape
planting plan (as included in the 1999 SEIS) for those areas affected by T2 activities
and maintaining the landscape planting, no further mitigation measures specific to T2
are considered necessary.
In terms of any changes to the net or residual environmental effects associated with
T2, it is anticipated that there is no significant change to the comments in section
5.4.8 of the 1999 SEIS.
6.3 Biological Environment
No further mitigation measures are recommended over and above those detailed for
the construction and operational phases in the 1999 SEIS (see sections 5.2.7 and
5.3.7).
It is expected that overall there is no significant change to the nature and significance
of the net or residual environmental effects described in section 5.4.7 of the 1999
SEIS.
6.4 Human Environment
In general it is expected that no further mitigation measures are required over and
above those detailed in sections 5.2 and 5.3 of the 1999 SEIS for social issues,
traffic, land use and waste management. Exceptions to this includes the following:
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• Pest management36 In the absence of detailed information on the spraying of
the substation area to limit vegetation growth, it is
recommended that the following actions are considered
to limit the impact and/or drifting of sprayed chemicals
beyond the target area:
− Use an environmentally acceptable chemical
where practical.
− Avoid spraying the area in windy conditions to
prevent accidental drift beyond the target area,
and/or when the wind direction would be
conducive to non target areas.
− Appropriate storage, handling and disposal of
unused chemicals;
• Waste management37In order to control the distribution of waste oil sludge
containing high levels of heavy metals from TTPP to
other sites (such as TOR), regular monitoring of the
waste oil sludge is undertaken Monthly samples are
taken from the oily-waste treatment area and analysed
for Vanadium, Lead and Nickel content using on site
facilities .
Net or residual effects are expected to remain as described for social issues (section
5.4.2), access and traffic (section 5.4.5), land use and waste management (section
5.4.6) in the 1999 SEIS.
With regards to cultural property, involuntary resettlement and child/forced labour, as
there are no significant effects anticipated during either the construction and
operations phase, there are no residual/net effects.
In terms of the use of herbicides there remains the possibility of affecting areas
beyond the target area however, the significance and extent of this effect should be
reduced by applying the recommended mitigation measures.
6.5 Environmental Quality of the Area
6.5.1 Air Quality
In terms of limiting construction related air quality effects during the remaining
construction phase for T2 CC no further measures to those listed in section 5.2.1 of
the 1999 SEIS are proposed.
For operational air quality effects it is recommended that consideration is given to
providing a similar programme of stack emissions monitoring and ground level air
quality monitoring as undertaken for T1 for T2. Unlike the scope of the T1 monitoring
programme, the aim of the T2 programme should be to confirm compliance with 1998
World Bank pollution prevention and abatement emissions criteria and with Ghanaian
guidelines.
36
Although not strictly associated with T2 alone, these measures have been implemented on the basis of
comments made by OPIC and IFC during their site visit to review T2 in May 2000.
37
As previous note.
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Further financial provisions will be made by TIC in order to provide for the proper
operation and maintenance of monitoring equipment that will also be used to monitor
T2 operations.
Construction and operations related residual effects would remain as described in
section 5.4.1 of the 1999 SEIS.
6.5.2 Water Resources
No further mitigation measures for the remaining construction phase of T2 are
recommended beyond those issues already highlighted in the 1999 SEIS.
Monitoring plans in line with the recommendations outlined for the operations phase
of T2 are already in place for T1 and will inevitably monitor T2 effluent on account of
T2 sharing these facilities. Bermed areas and other protection areas have also been
provided for the relevant features of T2’s SC1 and SC2 and are to be incorporated in
the remaining T2 plant. The monitoring programme will be updated to provide for
1998 World Bank effluent criteria as well as Ghanaian EPA criteria (focusing on the
most stringent criteria levels).
In terms of any residual effects, the significance and nature of any construction or
operational effects are expected to be as per those described in section 5.4.3 of the
1999 SEIS.
6.5.3 Noise
No further mitigation measures are recommended over and above those detailed for
the construction and operational phases in the 1999 SEIS (see sections 5.2.4 and
5.3.4), with the exception that it is reiterated that:
• Measures are taken to pre-warn the surrounding communities of noisy construction
activities (and where necessary similar activities during operations and maintenance)
in order to prevent undue concern/disturbance.
• Noise monitoring is undertaken at the receptors addressed in the 1999 SEIS.
It is expected that overall there is no significant change to the nature and significance
of the net or residual environmental effects described in section 5.4.4 of the 1999
SEIS.
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7 HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT FOR T2
7.1 Introduction
IFC have requested that details relating to the management of health and safety
(H&S) issues for the T2 project are provided as part of the Addendum Report in order
to indicate compliance with the IFC General Health and Safety Guidelines.
In summary the IFC General H&S Guidelines outline key topics for which policies and
procedures should be prepared (where relevant) in order to maintain a safe and
healthy working environment for all those engaged in a given project. These topics
include workplace noise and air quality, work in confined spaces, general measures
for health and safety, provision of drinking water, training, occupational health and
safety monitoring, records and reporting.
The following comprises a summary of the current H&S systems that are being
operated by key parties associated with the construction and operation of T2 and the
operation of T1.
The following documents were reviewed for this section:
• BVI Safety Manual, 1999;
• T2 Project Progress Reports, No.s 1 to 14 (from 31 December 1998 to 31 March
2000);
• BVI T2 Simple Cycle Power Plant Specification and Documents for General
Construction;
• CMS International Operating Company, Takoradi 2 Thermal Power Plant (T2) Health
and Safety Manual, 2000.
7.2 Site Preparation and Construction Phases, T2
7.2.1 BVI Safety Manual
BVI are committed to operate under a corporate health and safety (H&S) plan which
outlines a commitment to providing ‘all employees with a safe and healthful work
environment as free as possible from recognised hazards [and] to maintain and
actively support a comprehensive employee safety and health program [as well as to]
continue to improve in incident prevention.38
The main objectives of BVI H&S are as follows:
• Protect people (employees and others), property, and the environment from potential
hazards
38
Black and Veatch Construction Inc, Safety Manual, 1999.
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• Provide a uniform policy of safety management consistent with the requirements of
governmental safety, health and environmental regulations.
• Establish and maintain an effective safety and health program involving all levels of
the organisation including managers, supervisors and employees.
• Co-operate and assist clients, customers and others involved in the work area to
maintain a safe and healthful workplace.’
In summary, the BVI Safety Manual includes policy and procedure guidance on the
following topics, which include those topics listed in the IFC General Health and
Safety Guidelines:
• Training – including education and training, safety orientation, supervisor safety
training, ‘tool-box’ safety meetings, pre-employment procedures, procedures for
correcting safety and health hazards;
• Emergency/Medical Injury Management – including injury management, managing
incidents, duties and responsibilities of employees and supervisors, reporting, crisis
communication plan, incident investigations, providing medical services, emergency
procedure flow charts and blood borne pathogen exposure control plan
• General Safety Procedures – these cover a broad range of topics including
housekeeping, site sanitation, personal protective equipment, fall protection, hearing
protection, fire protection and prevention, working with various pieces of equipment
• Reporting Requirements
• Environmental Protection – covering the transportation, storage and disposal of
hazardous materials.
Other areas covered include Drug and Alcohol Programme, Confined/enclosed
spaces and entry procedures, Hazard Communication Programme, Industrial hygiene
and OSHA Inspection Procedures.
BVI also require that sub-contractors comply with relevant Governmental and client
regulations and develop H&S policies and procedures that either meet or exceed
BVI’s system in general, as well as any specific requirements identified by the client
(in this case TIC).
A copy of the Table of Contents of the BVI Safety Manual is included in Appendix F3,
Volume 2 for reference.
7.2.2 Project Progress Reports – Health and Safety Issues
A review of the progress reports for T2 indicated that in a total of over half a million
man-hours for SC1 and SC2 (up to the end of March 2000) there was only one lost
time incident due to a fall, and two incidents involving the loss and/or damage to BVI
property due to theft. Since the incident one quarter of a million safe man-hours have
been completed on the construction site (as of end of March 2000).
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7.2.3 BVI Specification and Documents for General Construction
This document sets out requirements for undertaking specific construction and
mechanical activities. These include reference to relevant laws and ordinances,
procedures and processes to be used, inspection, examination and testing
requirements, checklists and qualification requirements for personnel undertaking
these activities.
Within the structure of these construction and mechanical activity specifications,
health and safety issues are invariably incorporated into the procedures. For
example under the Start-up and Testing Specifications, equipment checks should
include confirming the presence of appropriate safety equipment and also refers to
confirming the establishment of systems to protect personnel and equipment.
7.3 Operational Phase, T2
The Operations and Maintenance H&S Manual has been prepared by CMS
International Operating Company (CMSI) and is being set up and implemented on
site by CMSI personal.
BVI will also be responsible as part of their existing contract with TIC to provide
operations and maintenance manuals for engineering, mechanical, electrical and
other components of the T2 facility. BVI are also required to provide training for T2
operations supervisors, operations, maintenance and technical personnel in order for
them to ‘test, operate and maintain the Facility safely and efficiently’.39
7.3.1 CMSI Operations and Maintenance Health and Safety Manual
The Safety Policy Statement40, states CMSI’s commitment to provide for, protect and
maintain safe and healthy working conditions for their employees and the residents of
communities adjacent to their operations. In summary the policy statement states
that CMSI will seek:
• ‘To comply with all applicable laws and regulations…[and in particular, will] … strive
to achieve recognised safety standards that may exceed legal obligations.’
• ‘To expect commitment from all employees…to create a safe work environment, with
the goal of freedom from personal injury or occupational illness.’
• ‘To devote adequate resources to safety and health protection…utilising programmes
and procedures that will provide ongoing, diligent attention to safety and health
issues…[and will]…provide necessary training, equipment and controls to assure a
safe working environment for all employees.’
• ‘To insist that each employee and all contractors be responsible for performing
assigned tasks in a safe manner.’
39
Amended and Restated Agreement between Takoradi International Company and Black and Veatch
International Company for the Construction, Start-up and Testing of the Takoradi 2 Facility in Aboadze, Ghana,
effective as of February 23 1999.
40
CMS International Operating Company, Safety Policy Statement, April 2000.
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• ‘Opportunities to continually improve safety performance…[and will]…promptly
assess any safety and health incidents…[and will]…monitor and assess progress
toward achieving our safety and health goals through regular audit programmes and
performance evaluations.’
The CMSI H&S Manual has been prepared with due reference to CMSI’s parent
company’s Health and Safety Manual which has in turn been produced in accordance
with the requirements of the US Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1970. The
Manual includes policies and procedure guidance on the subjects listed below, such
that those procedures denoted by SH relate to Safety and Health issues and those
with SP are defined as Safety Procedures:
• Safety and Health Training (SH1);
• Hearing Conservation Programme (SH2), Respiratory Protection (SH3), and First Aid
and Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (SH4);
• Hazard Recognition and Self Inspection Procedures (SP5); Hazard Communications
Programme (SP6); and Confined Space Programme (SP7);
• Accident Investigation and Reporting (SP8);
• Plant Safety System and Guidelines (SP9), Safety Procedures in Operations and
Maintenance (SP10) and Safety for Contractors and Other Contracted Employees
(SP11);
• Safety Clearance Procedures (Lockout and Tagout) (SP12A), Safety Clearance
Administration Document (Lockout and Tagout) (SP12B); and
• Hotwork Permit Procedures (SP13).
Specifically, topics referred to in the IFC General Health and Safety Guidelines (as
listed below) are provided for in the following policies and procedures in the CMSI
H&S Manual:
• Workplace air quality and noise – are provided for in SH2 and SH3.
• Confined space – covered in SP07 which includes reference to identifying and
evaluating confined spaces, setting up certification process and an access permitting
system with prevention of access procedures, procedures to be adopted for
accessing confined space, training and provision for the review of certified confined
spaces.
• General Health - generally covered in SH1, SH2, SH3 and SH4.
• General Safety – covered in SP09 and SP10 which includes a broad range of topics
such as safe work habits, use of unknown equipment, use of other equipment (such
as ladders, hoses and welding tools), carrying loads, crossing plant roads and traffic
standards, personal protection, and other general operations and maintenance
procedures. SP11 details responsibilities and procedures for contractors.
• Drinking Water – there are no specific procedures which directly relate to the
provision of suitable drinking water, however, all plant systems are marked/labelled
and bottled water is provided to CMSI site employees. Office building tap water is
provided by T1 which obtains initial potable water stocks from the Ghana Water Co.
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and then injects chlorine and monitors potable water for contaminants on a regular
basis.
• Training – specifically covered in SP01, but also in other procedures as required.
• Occupational H&S monitoring and records and reporting – there are no specific
procedures relating to the overall reporting of H&S, however, each manual section
contains specific reporting forms. The CMSI Plant Manager does report monthly to
TICO GM regarding any safety issues, including lost time accidents (LTA), safety
training held, total hours worked without a LTA.
• Internal/External Audits – CMS does audit all of its plants on a regular basis for all
aspects of operations and maintenance, including H&S. CMSI/TICO, in co-operation
with a T1 environmental engineer, send quarterly emission reports to the Ghana EPA.
Arrangements will be made for any Ghana H&S entity who wish to inspect the site.
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8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
PROGRAMME, T2
8.1 Provisional EMMP for T2
8.1.1 1999 EMMP
A provisional Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) was prepared
for the 1999 SEIS in accordance with the requirements of the Ghanaian EPA. This
was contained in section 8 of 1999 SEIS and outlined environmental and social work
programmes to reduce and prevent adverse environmental and social effects as well
as the financial, staffing and training commitments required to implement the EMMP.
It was anticipated at the time that the provisional framework would be incorporated
into an environmental management system that would accommodate both T1 and T2.
The Environmental Approval for T2 was granted by the EPA on the basis that a series
of conditions are met, one of which included implementing the provisional EMMP.
8.1.2 Actions to Date
As yet, the 1999 provisional EMMP has not been formally finalised or submitted to the
EPA as required under the terms of the Environmental Approval. This does not
represent a non-compliance with Ghanaian legislation as there is a window of 18
months from date of operations commencing (i.e. March 2000 for T2’s SC1) before a
formal EMMP is submitted to the EPA.
Since the preparation of the 1999 provisional EMMP, various elements of the plan
have either been addressed (either independently or as part of the T1 Environmental
Management Plan) and/or are pending further attention. Actions taken to date and
additional comments received in consultation with the T1 Environmental Officer and
Deputy Project Director for T2 have been listed in Table 8.1 which repeats the 1999
Provisional EMMP with the addition of these update comments.
T1’s Environmental Staff are currently undertaking some of the monitoring
programmes for T2 under an informal basis. This is due to be formalised such that
TIC will draw up an appropriate arrangement with T1 to share staffing costs and other
associated costs (e.g. equipment maintenance) as and when required. The need for
employing additional, appropriately qualified staff for T2 EMMP activities will also be
reviewed on a regular basis. A budget of $100,000 has been allocated to the CC
stage of T2 for the proper operation and maintenance of monitoring equipment and
for provision of training: this will be reviewed as the project continues.
The T2 operator, CMSI has Instrumentation and Controls personnel (including
expatriate staff) who are fully trained to maintain the CEM equipment and also to
collect emissions data.
TIC has also purchased spare parts for two years operation of the CEM systems at a
total cost of approximately US$14,300.00.
VRA (T1) will be issuing a purchase order for spare parts and personnel to refurbish
the ambient monitors as well as procurement of a new meteorological station. The
total estimated cost is 355,901 South African Rands (approx US$52,000).
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8.2 T1 EMMP
It is generally anticipated that the existing T1 EMMP (which was prepared with
reference to the results of the 1995 EIA) will be expanded to accommodate T2 and/or
provide the framework for a separate programme if deemed necessary. This update
will reflect the results of the 1999 SEIS, the Addendum and current environmental
criteria and standards.
In summary the T1 EMMP was originally developed to ensure compliance with the
conditions of the environmental permit issued by the EPA for T1, which in turn
required that the commitments of the 1995 EIA were accommodated in the EMMP41.
It forms section 7 of the T1 Environmental Management System (see below). The
EMMP provides for the following:
• Staffing organisation and training;
• Monitoring procedures (for releases to air, water, noise, ambient air and general site
management);
• Relevant environmental control standards;
• Record keeping;
• Reporting and Auditing; and
• Forms for use in monitoring, site management, external complaints and non
compliance notice.
Tables of Contents for the T1 EMS Manual, selected sections contents lists and the
environmental aspects addressed by the T1 EMS Manual have been reproduced in
Appendix F4, Volume 2. The T1 EMMP has been included as Appendix F5, Volume
2.
8.3 T1 Environmental Management System
ESB International has developed an Environmental Management System for T1
which has been prepared in accordance with ISO 14001. At this stage it has not
been confirmed as to whether the T1 EMS will be expanded to accommodate T2
operations or a separate EMS will be developed for T2, using a similar format to the
T1 EMS. A brief summary of the content of the T1 EMS is provided below, for
reference and as an indication of the likely content of the T2 EMS should a separate
system be adopted:
• The T1 EMS is divided into seven sections which cover the policy manual,
environmental aspects, register of legislation and licenses, environmental
programme, environmental procedures, internal audit manual and environmental
monitoring manual for operational phase.
41
The T1 EMS provides for the regular updating of the environmental quality criteria which form the basis for
defining plant operations compliance as assessed through the Environmental Management and Monitoring
Manual.
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• A summary list of current environmental objectives, targets and programme schedule
for T1 is provided in Section 4. The scope of targets and objectives include, for
example, air emissions and ground level air quality monitoring, introducing waste
disposal plans and developing an Oil Spill Contingency Plan.
• The Environmental Procedures section includes procedures on evaluating
compliance with relevant environmental legislation, the role of the environmental
management group, environmental awareness and training, dealing with
environmental queries/complaints, minimising environmental impacts during
operations and maintenance, corrective actions for incidents, record keeping and
reviewing the EMS.
• The environmental management and monitoring manual has been summarised in
section 8.2 above.
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TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
1. GENERIC Mitigation Measures and Monitoring
RESPONSIBILITIES
AND ROLES 1. Setting up the EMP. Define TIC to appoint TIC Policy Prior to TIC The same Environmental Budget for
job descriptions for and appoint to criteria set commencement Management Group (EMG) salaries and
staff to positions of : by Contract of site currently implementing the T1 overheads and
a) Environmental Manager (EM) preparation/ EMMP and Environmental support staff
b) Assistant to Environmental construction Management System (EMS) are $30,000
Manager (AEM) phase monitoring the environmental
Note: EM for T1 will be able to issues associated with the
cover T2. AEM to be an operation of T2 (SC1).
instrument technician for Operation and maintenance of the
maintenance of T2 (SC1) CEM system is,
lab/environmental monitoring however, handled by CMSI
equipment. personnel (i.e. instrument
technicians).
2. TIC Environmental Policy. Contractor and CMS Prior to TIC As yet no action has been taken Budget for
Draft and agree environmental EM with liaison Environmental commencement on this issue. VRA’s and/or CMS’s policy included
policy with TIC policy/VRA of site policy statements provide interim in above
Environmental preparation/ coverage, along with the policy
Policy construction statement prepared for the EMS
phase system developed for T1 by ESB
International in 1997.
3. Complete EMP. TIC EIS/EMP For submission TIC No action has been taken on this Budget for
Modify and expand on provisional at issue as yet, however this remains EMP
EMP provided in contract commencement compliant with Ghanaian completion
documents of operation requirements. $1,000
phase
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PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
1. GENERIC 4. Annual Environmental Report EM with EPA EIA During EPA Annual Environmental Reports are Budget
RESPONSIBILITIES (AER). Develop report structure for assistance guidelines site preparation/ already produced for reporting the included in 1
AND ROLES AER which links environmental from construction environmental monitoring results above
team into operational and contractor or VRA AER, phase, prior to for T1. As the monitoring
administrative activities, and consultants, as Jan-Dec 1998 end of year one, programme will be expanded to
produce report for submission to necessary eg end of 1999, incorporate the operational effects
EPA to link with T1 of T2 (which, save for direct air
activities emissions monitoring and plant
noise levels, are not strictly easily
distinguishable from T1) the AER
has been expanded accordingly.
It incorporates a commentary on
the overall effect of TTPP (i.e. T1
+ T2) as well as on individual T1
and T2 contributions.
5. Environmental technical EM supported International During TIC Training has been undertaken by Budget
training. Technical training for by contractor standards in site preparation/ the T1 and T2 EMG and is included in 1
environmental staff (AEM and and/or environmental construction ongoing as required. The training above
others) on inter alia; consultants as management phase on the use of equipment etc.
1. use of monitoring equipment necessary and monitoring already undertaken for T1 will be
2. data collation methods such equally applicable to T2.
3. data interpretation and as world bank
reporting guidelines
4. maintenance of equipment
6. Awareness training. Provide EM EIA/EMP During TIC This process is ongoing for T1 Budget
environmental awareness training site preparation/ (and will be expanded for T2), but included in 1
for all management staff and site construction has not been formalised as per above
staff teams in the implementation phase the Environmental Procedure
aspects of the EMP EP003 in section 5 of the T1 EMS
Manual. Now being incorporated
into the plant weekly safety
meetings.
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PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
1. GENERIC 7. Documentation EM EIA/EMP/ At TIC Copies of the 1999 SEIS Budget
RESPONSIBILITIES Ensure environmental manager and contractors commencement have been distributed to the included in 1
AND ROLES EPC contractor have copies of EIA, i.e. EPC of site relevant parties accordingly. above
EMP, site plans, contractual contract preparation work Construction phase mitigation
documents and the EMP is copied measures were incorporated
to site office and site manager(s) into the EPC Agreement
(although these are from the
1995 EIA as the 1999 SEIS
had not been prepared at the
time of formulating the EPC
Agreement).
8. Record site conditions prior to EM EIA/EMP Prior to TIC The 1999 SEIS was used as Budget
any construction work. Take commencement the basis for providing a included in 1
photographic records of site prior to of site record of the baseline above
site preparation work and notes preparation work conditions prior to
construction work
commencing.
No other recording of site
conditions was identified.
9. Prepare site plans and EM and EIA/EMP At start of EM, TIC The landscape planting plan Budget within
restoration plans Contractor EPC site preparation/ included in the 1999 SEIS construction
Ensure site plans available which Contractor construction and has been used on site and is budget
show environmental during all phases. largely completed save for
sites/issues/risks and the planting to be provided
restoration/landscape plan after construction of T2 has
produced been completed.
Plans have been prepared
showing hazardous areas.
A commentary of potentially
sensitive areas has been
incorporated into the EPC
Agreement.
The various EIAs undertaken for
T1 and T2 provide details of
environmental constraints.
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PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
1. GENERIC 10. Public and Authority/Agency EM EIA/EMP Prior to and TIC As part of an ongoing Budget
RESPONSIBILITIES Liaison. Set up liaison meetings during each programme for T1 (which will included in 1
AND ROLES with community and Previous phase, meetings incorporate T2), meetings are above
authorities/EPA. These will cover procedures for will be arranged held with the local Assembly
construction and operational T1 will be used with EPA and as and when required by
management of environmental as a guide or others as either the Assembly or by
issues and emergency response be considered required VRA. An open door policy is
preparedness, response plans and suitable maintained by VRA and the
communication Assembly.
Regular contact is maintained
with the EPA through the
submission of quarterly and
annual environmental
monitoring reports. The EPA
are also being regularly
updated on the status of the
monitoring equipment and
have been invited to
undertake independent
monitoring as they see fit,
and comment on alternative
waste oil disposal options and
so on.
Inputs on additional aspects
of the TTPP project as a
whole include seeking advice
on the siting of the community
improvement programme
schools and biolatrines.
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PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
1. GENERIC 11. Development of an EM and AEM, EIA/EMP Prior to and TIC The existing EMS will be formally Budget
RESPONSIBILITIES Environmental Management technical staff EMS for during early updated and expanded included in 1
AND ROLES System (EMS) to implement the contractors on stages of accordingly. In the meantime and above
EMP on a day to day basis T1 will be used site preparation/ given the integrated nature of T1
throughout the organisation. as a guide construction and T2, the principles of the
Develop simple operational phase existing EMS and the resources of
procedures/guidance for staff the EMG are already being
undertaking or responsible for key applied and used for T2.
tasks related to implementation of
EMP.
12. Audit Review Programme. Set EM and AEM EIA/EMP At least annually TIC No external audits for T1 (and Budget
up an audit and review programme from the start of T2) have been commissioned included in 1
covering all activities to assess EMP for T1 construction as yet. above
compliance with contract phase and Internal audits for T1 have
requirements and ensure meeting through the been undertaken in
requirements of EMP, EPA and operation phase accordance with Section 6
other stakeholders including the ‘Internal Audit Manual’ of the
general public. The programme T1 EMS Manual.
may include two types of
component:
1. internal review – undertaken by
TIC staff reporting internally;
and /or
2. external audit – undertaken by
independent consultants
reporting to TIC.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-9 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
2. AIR QUALITY Mitigation Measures
1. Ensure measures taken to control Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA Requirements were included in Budget within
dust emissions Manager with commencement the EPC Agreement. construction
TIC and of site budget
Contractor preparation
phase to
operation phase
2. Ensure measures taken to install Environmental EIA/EMP Prior to EPA Completed. This primarily Budget of
and efficiently operate NOx control Manager with commencement consisted of water injection to $1,500,000
equipment TIC and World bank of reduce NOx emissions. made
Contractor guidelines site preparation/ available for
construction NOx control
phase equipment
within EPC
contract
3. Ensure stack height is adequate Environmental EIA/EMP Prior to EPA Work has been undertaken to Budget of
for dispersion of emissions from Manager with purchase of confirm stack heights are $2,000,000
turbines determined from air quality TIC and Ghanaian Air equipment sufficient for pollution made
modelling Contractor quality dispersal. available for
guidelines T1 stacks were increased to stack of 40m
40m to facilitate better
WHO Air dispersion.
quality T2 simple cycle have
guidelines temporary stacks which will
be tied into the HRSG’s
during the CC Phase.
Should the CC Phase not go
ahead then monitoring may
be undertaken to confirm
need for replacing the
temporary 10m stacks
currently being used foT2.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-10 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
2. AIR QUALITY 4. Ensure sufficient emission Environmental EIA/EMP Prior to EPA Regular servicing is undertaken. Budget within
controls and adequate maintenance Manager with commencement construction
of plant vehicles TIC and of budget
Contractor site preparation
phase, and
ongoing during
construction
Monitoring
1. Design monitoring programme. EM EIA/EMP During TIC with See T1 EMMP -This will be Budget
Set up monitoring sites for ambient site preparation/ overall updated to incorporate T2 already spent
monitoring and boundary/off site construction agreement considerations as well as during T1
monitoring tests and meteorological work with EPA include the appropriate development.
data collection for parameters: updated emissions criteria for T2 uses same
PM10, NOx and SO2. Review will be T2; 1998 Guidelines. T1 monitoring
based on modelling results for T2. EMMP refers to 1988 World arrangement
Bank criteria (with as for T1
modifications). phase.
Ambient SOx, and NOx are
continuously monitored at
western plant boundary, at
Aboadze and at Beposo.
Ambient 24hr averages of
PM10 are monitored weekly
using hi-volume sampling at
the VRA Township and at
Aboadze.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-11 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
2. Purchase and install air EM/ EPC EIA/EMP During TIC with Completed for T2 SC1. CEMS
emissions monitoring equipment for Contractor site preparation/ overall Completed for T2 SC2. equipment to
T2. construction agreement At this stage, continuous monitor air
work with EPA emissions monitoring is emissions for
undertaken at T2 for NOx. T2 =
The S content of the LCO will $800,000
be maintained less than 0.2%
by weight. Further, PM10
emissions are low for this
technology and fuel type,
ensuring SO2 and PM stack
emissions will be within
specified criteria.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-12 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
2. AIR QUALITY 3. Develop air quality monitoring EM EIA/EMP During TIC with See T1 EMMP. Budget of
procedures to include appropriate site preparation/ overall $5,000
calibration and maintenance construction agreement
work with EPA
4. Undertake staff training EM/TIC EIA/EMP, During TIC with Undertaken as part of T1. Budget of
international site preparation/ overall Although a programme for $31,000
standards for construction agreement ongoing training has not be already spent
environmental work with EPA formalised, this will be undertaken on T1
management as and when identified. See
Appendix F6, Volume 2 for details T2 budget
of training on procedures for use. within
construction
budget
5. Undertake air quality monitoring EM and AEM EIA/EMP During TIC with NOx, SOx, CO and CO2 are Staff time in
at sources and boundary and off site preparation/ overall continuously monitored for T1. construction
site where appropriate, in World bank construction, approval by NOx, is continuously monitored for budget.
accordance with methods and guidelines commissioning EPA T2. The T1 EMMP will be revised Budget will be
procedures and operation to include annual stack testing of made
PM10 for T1, and of PM10 and available to
SOx for T2. allow for stack
testing.
6. Tabulate emission and air quality EM and AEM EIA/EMP During TIC with Undertaken as part of T1 and T2 Budget
data and interpret ready for Ghanaian EPA site preparation/ overall (SC1&SC2). Fuel Sulphur content included in
inclusion in AER and IFC Air construction, approval by tested by supplier and checked construction
quality commissioning EPA against <0.2% limit with each budget
guidelines and operation receipt of fuel.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-13 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/Age (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents ncy
2. AIR QUALITY 7. Provide commitment to EM and AEM EIA/EMP During TIC with Problems currently with the Budget of
preventative maintenance of site preparation/ overall monitoring equipment $10,000
monitoring equipment ( 3 monthly construction, approval by (breakdowns and obtaining
intervals) and consider holding commissioning EPA replacement/spare parts). Actions
spare parts and good and operation are being taken to improve the
communication with service situation. Some spares already
engineers to avoid down time bought and used.
T2 budget for maintenance of
equipment and a stock of spares
for 2 years' operation of CEMs.
Recent equipment training and
rehabilitation using T2 budget
3. SOCIO- Mitigation Measures
ECONOMIC AND
PUBLIC HEALTH 1. Public Health. Ensure air Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA See Above. Budget
ISSUES quality mitigation measures are Manager with commencement covered under
adequately controlled, in particular, TIC and of site provisions for
control of dust and efficiency of NOx Contractor preparation/ air quality
control, so that Ghanaian air quality construction
guidelines are not exceeded. phase to end
operation phase
Addendum Environmental Report 8-14 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
3. SOCIO- Mitigation
ECONOMIC AND
PUBLIC HEALTH 2. Socio-economics Environmental EIA/EMP Ongoing EPA Given integrated nature of T1 and Budget of $7.6
ISSUES Manager with T2, this will automatically be million in T1
1. Maintain the Community Impact VRA/ and maintained under T2. construction
Agreement set up under T1 Contractor
2. Measures to reduce risks of Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA The police have placed speed Budget in T1
accidents on improved roads. For Manager with commencement restriction signs along the construction
example by raising risk awareness. TIC and of site Ghana improved Aboadze-Inchaban road and operations
Contractor preparation/ Highways and periodically monitor and
construction Authority compliance. Appointed drivers maintenance
phase to end of have been provided with budget
operation phase appropriate driver safety training,
The junction of the road between
the T1 and T2 Site Offices and the
main Inchaban-Aboadze road has
been improved.
3. Raise the awareness of the risk Environmental At Western This is not strictly undertaken by Budget in T1
posed by HIV /AIDS with respect to Manager with commencement Regional VRA/TIC as it is considered to be and T2
prostitution. Education programmes TIC of site Authority covered under the National construction
to inform workers of the possible preparation/ HIV/AIDS awareness programme. budgets
consequences of their actions. construction
phase.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-15 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
3. SOCIO- Monitoring
ECONOMIC AND
PUBLIC HEALTH 1. Public health. EM EIA/EMP During TIC with overall See Above. Budget
ISSUES 1. Ensure air quality monitoring site preparation/ agreement with Measures are being undertaken covered by air
programme is operating efficiently EPA construction EPA to improve monitoring quality
and results are within EPA guidelines for work, equipment’s performance. mitigation
guidelines. ambient air commissioning
quality and operation
WHO
guidelines for
protection of
human health
Addendum Environmental Report 8-16 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ Date (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
3. SOCIO- 2. Socio-economics EM EIA/EMP During TIC with overall As above, an open door policy is Budget with T1
ECONOMIC AND site preparation/ agreement with maintained so the community’s construction
PUBLIC HEALTH 1. VRA to continue with current construction EPA assembly may raise any and operations
ISSUES monitoring with additional work, concerns, make requests etc as and
monitoring to ensure the mitigation commissioning and when the issues arise. maintenance
measures in place for T1 are and operation budgets
sufficient to cope with the demands Special meetings can be
of T2. This will comprise reviewing arranged periodically to assess
available local social statistics and the impacts of the project (T1
assessing feedback from the and T2). This is ongoing
community meetings; the objective
being to ensure no decline in living
standards is occurring due to TTPP
(T1+T2).
2. Monitor local traffic accident and EM EIA/EMP During TIC with overall Road traffic accidents on Budget with T1
health statistics for change in traffic site preparation/ agreement with the immediate road network construction
related accidents. Monitor construction EPA are not currently monitored and operations
attendance and success of work, in relation to T1 or T2. and
awareness raising measures with commissioning Accidents for T2 are maintenance
public consultation. and operation recorded in terms of budgets
disruption to construction
phase only.
Transport section of VRA
regularly meet with appointed
drivers to instruct on defensive
driving techniques.
3. Monitor the landuse in the area EM EIA/EMP During TIC with overall BVI use designated areas only. Budget from
immediately surrounding the site. site preparation/ agreement with These comprise areas T1
Check that farmland is not damaged construction EPA previously used for T1.
or encroached on by construction work, A small food market (non
related activities and that squatter commissioning residential) was sited adjacent to
camps are not established. and operation the BVI complex and was
removed once T2 Ph IIa
construction stage was
completed.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-17 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
4. WATER AND Mitigation Measures
WASTEWATER
ISSUES 1.Water supply. Potable water for Environmental EIA/EMP Construction of EPA With commissioning of the Budget of
Phase 1 of the plant will be supplied Manager with desalination dedicated water supply line from $4,000,000 for
by GWSC. A desalination plant to TIC and plant will be at the GWC Treatment Plant at desalination
produce NOx injection water and Contractor commencement Inchaban to the Plant, the plant
also potable supply for T2 will be of construction extraction of water from the equipment and
provided. This will minimise effects Phase 2. pipeline serving the local installation for
on local water supply. Water supply communities has ceased. Phase I of T2
for plant site T1 and T2 will not
3
utilise more than 378.5m per day
from existing water supply pipeline
to local communities.
2. Waste water treatment Environmental EIA/EMP Prior to EPA Discharge from final sewage Budget of
facilities. Wastewater treatment Manager with commencement lagoon will be monitored prior $5,555,615
facilities to treat the domestic TIC and of construction to release. The discharge will made
effluents from the plant. These Contractor phase and then be recycled if deemed to be available for
include the sewage lagoons already ongoing. unsuitable for discharge. installation of
installed for T1, which are suitable The three stage sewage T1 facilities
for combined operation of T1 and lagoons are currently under-
T2. Effluents are discharged to utilised due to lower inputs Maintenance
local surface waters (Anankwari than previously calculated for. will be
River feeder stream) initially, and Therefore the production of provided by
then into the ocean upon completion sewage sludge has been T-1
of the seawater discharge pipeline reduced. Operations
to be installed under contract T1 The discharge pipeline from
(estimated completion mid 1999). the sewage lagoons (treated
Prior to operation of the oxidation sewer line) has now been re-
ponds, septic tanks have been routed to the common
installed. discharge sump.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-18 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
4. WATER AND 3. Stormwater site drainage. This Environmental EIA/EMP Prior to EPA Storm drainage system is Budget for
WASTEWATER is collected by the drainage channel Manager with commencement monitored regularly during the wet maintenance
ISSUES at the site boundary. This drainage TIC and of site season in particular. All through in T1
water is released to the marsh land Contractor preparation and the year
to the west of the site. Drains will during
be maintained and cleared of silt construction and
and other obstructions as operation.
appropriate. If a spillage occurs,
waters are not released to
marshland and are held within
drainage channel for treatment until
cleaned.
4. Wastewaters from the plant Environmental EIA/EMP Ongoing during EPA See above: Budget
effluents. These include the water Manager with commissioning Water from desalination plant,
from desalination, cooling towers, oil TIC and and operation cooling tower, and chemical $100,000
water drains and demineralisation of Contractor phase Systems lagoon are discharged to sea via
water (for NOx injection) which will are provided the final discharge sump
be collected in a sump, prior to under T1 and
discharge into the seawater outfall. are being Water from demineralisation
The wastewater is given appropriate commissioned. plant/neutralisation sump, oily
treatment (eg neutralisation and oil water separator, and storm water
separation) prior to discharge into are discharged into the marshland
the sump. via the storm water drain
Addendum Environmental Report 8-19 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
4. WATER AND Monitoring
WASTEWATER
ISSUES 1. Establish Monitoring Programme EM EIA/EMP Prior to site TIC with See T1 EMMP Budget
which will comprise monitoring of preparation overall already spent
both the effluents and also the local EPA work agreement on T1
surface waters. with EPA.
VRA EMMM Budget of
a) Monitoring locations are as EPA (Sekondi) $6,000 per
follows: carry out the year
(a) On-site offsite
Oxidation ponds effluent monitoring
Water sump prior to discharge with the co-
Neutralisation sump operation of
Oily water separator TIC
Surface drainage channel at
point of discharge The other
(b) Offsite water and
In sea waters after dispersion wastewater
At three locations to be decided monitoring is
within the wetland to the west of site carried out by
At two locations within the T1 staff for
Anankwari feeder streams TTPP.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-20 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
4. WATER AND 1. continued. EM and EIA/EMP Prior to site As above: Budget
WASTEWATER b) Parameters to be analysed include contractor preparation work included in
ISSUES pH, coliform, Oil and grease, total EPA operation
suspended solids, temperature budget for T1
increase of sea for cooling water VRA EMMM and T2
releases, (Daily Beach Sea
Temperature monitoring), turbidity,
Iron, Copper, Magnesium, Lead
and conductivity. See EPA
guidelines for further details.
c) frequency of monitoring will include
monitoring prior to discharge or every
3 months (if no discharge) for on-site
sampling for effluents, and every 6
months for off site sampling.
2. Purchase water effluent monitoring EM and EIA/EMP Prior to TIC with Undertaken under T1. Budget of
equipment and install as necessary in contractor site preparation overall $760 already
laboratory (already covered by T1) EPA work agreement spent on T1
with EPA
VRA EMMM
Addendum Environmental Report 8-21 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
4. WATER AND 3. Develop water effluent quality EM EIA/EMP Prior to site TIC with See T1 EMMP. Budget
WASTEWATER monitoring procedures in preparation work overall included in T1
ISSUES accordance with parameters and EPA agreement operational
testing requirements of EPA with EPA budget
guidelines. VRA EMMM
4. Undertake staff training EM/TIC EIA/EMP, Prior to TIC with Undertaken as per T1 EMMP. Budget of
international site preparation overall $31,000
standards for work agreement already spent
environmental with EPA on T1
management
5. Undertake water quality EM and AEM EIA/EMP During TIC with Undertaken as per T1 EMMP. Budget of
monitoring at agreed locations. This site preparation/ overall $5000 already
will include visual inspection of the EPA construction, approval by spent on
stormwater drains on a daily basis. commissioning EPA baseline
VRA EMMM and operation monitoring at
the three off
site monitoring
stations
Budget of
$6,000 per
year included
in operational
budget
Addendum Environmental Report 8-22 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
4. WATER AND 6. Tabulate data and interpret ready EM and AEM EIA/EMP During TIC with Undertaken as per T1 EMMP. Budget
WASTEWATER for inclusion in AER site preparation/ overall included in 1
ISSUES EPA construction, approval by above
commissioning EPA
VRA EMMM and operation
7. Provide commitment to EM and AEM EIA/EMP During TIC Undertaken as per T1 EMMP. Within
maintenance including spare parts site preparation/ operational
and service engineers to avoid down EPA construction, and
time of laboratory equipment. commissioning maintenance
and operation budget for
T1and T2.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-23 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
5. NOISE Mitigation Measures
1. Ensure measures taken to select Environmental EIA/EMP Prior to TIC EPC Agreement includes Budget part of
plant components and site Manager with commencement performance guarantees. EPC
plant/vehicles using noise TIC and World bank of site Steam blowing events have Engineering
specifications. Ensure that plant type Contractor guidelines preparation/ represented a significant noise costs
and condition is checked before construction source, but are of short duration
delivery to site and meets phase and associated with start up of
specification. HRSG’s only.
2. Ensure sufficient noise controls at Environmental EIA/EMP Prior to EPA Required under EPC Budget of
source. Manager with commencement Agreement. $1,500,000 will
TIC and of site be made
Contractor preparation/ available for
construction noise
phase, and abatement of
ongoing during turbines
construction
3. Ensure noise bund is as required Environmental EIA/EMP During first EPA This has been provided Included in T1
Manager with month of budget
TIC and site preparation/
Contractor construction
phase
4. Ensure that construction work is Environmental EIA/EMP Throughout EPA Required under EPC In EPC
only carried out during designated Manager with site preparation/ Agreement. The working construction
working days and times. TIC and construction comprises a 60 hour week from budget
Contractor phase Monday to Saturday.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-24 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Action Responsible Comments and Actions to Financial
Responsible and Guideline Authority/ Date (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
5. NOISE Monitoring
1. Design monitoring programme EM EIA/EMP During TIC with See T1 EMMP. Budget part of
Set up monitoring site locations for commissioning overall EPC Contract
noise source compliance tests and and testing phase agreement
boundary tests.Sites not permanent. with EPA
2. Purchase noise monitoring EM EIA/EMP During TIC with Purchased under T2. Budget of
equipment (part of start up and site preparation/ overall Replacements are being sought $5,000 part of
testing effort) if required. construction work agreement for the old T1 instrumentation. EPC Contract
Some noise monitoring equipment with EPA
already purchased under T1 is
beyond repair. Check the condition of
this equipment and make sure it is
regularly calibrated.
3. Enhance noise monitoring EM EIA/EMP During TIC with See T1 EMMP. Budget of
procedures and actions in the event site preparation/ overall $1,000
of a non-compliance. World bank construction work agreement
guidelines with EPA
4. Undertake/continue staff training. EM/TIC EIA/EMP, During TIC with Staff training undertaken for T2. Budget as in 1
Some staff training already done international site preparation/ overall See Appendix F6, Volume 2 for above
under T1. standards for construction work agreement details of noise monitoring
environmental with EPA training provided by GIBB
management Limited
Addendum Environmental Report 8-25 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
5. NOISE 5. Undertake monthly 24hour noise EM and AEM EIA/EMP During TIC with As per T1 EMMP. Budgeted in 1
monitoring at Aboadze monitoring site preparation/ overall above
station, Aboadze near Lorry Park, World bank construction, approval by
VRA township, and the North, guidelines commissioning EPA
South, East and West boundaries. and operation
Also at various onsite locations in
relation to key plant weekly for five
minute periods equipment, in
accordance with methods and
procedures
6. Tabulate data and interpret ready EM and AEM EIA/EMP During TIC/EPA As per T1 EMMP. Budget within
for inclusion in AER site preparation/ EM salary
construction, budget
commissioning
and operation
7. Monitor site operations to identify EM and AEM EIA/EMP During TIC/EPA Undertaken as part of routine Budget to be
where careless practices are site preparation/ monitoring for T1. made
contributing to noise emissions. For construction, available
example, doors left open in plant commissioning
housing or maintenance hatches left and operation
open on machinery.
6. ACCESS AND Mitigation Measures
TRAFFIC
1. Existing access and haul routes Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA/GHA Confirmed. Budget
will be used for transport of Manager commencement included in
construction materials. of site EPC contract
preparation/
construction
phase and
ongoing through
operation phase.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-26 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
2. Careful loading of materials on Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA/GHA A requirement of EPC Agreement. Budget in EPC
and off vehicles. Measures taken to Manager with commencement construction
ensure vehicles are not overloaded TIC of site contract
and loads are safe as vehicles leave preparation/
to and from the site. construction
phase and
ongoing through
operation phase.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-27 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
6. ACCESS AND 3. Appropriate Speed Limits will be Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA combined 2 See above. The signs have Budget
TRAFFIC set on all roads used by plant traffic. Manager with commencement with Police, been placed by the police. included in
These will be agreed with National TIC of site MTTU 3 No meeting with the National EPC contract
Road Safety Committee. preparation/ Road Safety Committee has
construction been set up as yet.
phase and on
going
throughout the
operation
4. Proper maintenance of site Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA combined Regular maintenance is currently Budget
vehicles. Manager with commencement with GHA undertaken. included in
TIC of site EPC contract
preparation/
construction
phase and on
going
throughout the
operation
5. Provision of bus service bringing TIC/EPC EIA/EMP At EPA Confirmed. Budget in
construction workers to the site contractor commencement construction
during peak construction period to of site contract
reduce road traffic. preparation/
construction
phase and on
going
throughout the
operation
Addendum Environmental Report 8-28 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
6. ACCESS AND 6. Measures to control vehicle speeds Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA combined Confirmed (with the exception of Budget
TRAFFIC on the access road to the plant, the Manager with commencement with GHA discussions with the National included in
haul roads within the plant site and TIC of site Road Safety Committee). T1/T2
feeder roads from the plant to local preparation/ construction
villages will be agreed through construction budget
negotiation and discussion with the phase and
National Road Safety Committee. throughout the
These will include road signs, traffic operation
calming measures and improved
enforcement by transport police. Brief
education programmes will inform
workers of hazards of speeding/drink-
driving.
Monitoring
No monitoring proposed
Addendum Environmental Report 8-29 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
7. LAND ISSUES Mitigation Measures
AND WASTE
MANAGEMNENT 1. Rehabilitation of Borrow Areas. EM/T1/T2 EIA/EMP After materials EPA Completed. Budget
Local borrow areas will be contractor have been Some properties for the VRA included in
rehabilitated to former condition by extracted from Township (senior management construction
contractor. Details of rehabilitation borrow pits, housing) have been built on budgets for
to be written into contractors during former borrow areas that surround T1/T2
contracts and an audit of site preparation/ the main Township.
contractors activities will be construction
undertaken by EM phase.
2. Waste Management Contractor to EIA/EMP At EPA See Waste Management Plan for Budget
procedures. Waste management be audited by commencement Waste Oil Disposal and Plan for
procedures will be developed for the Environmental of site SC1 and SC2 (transformer) oily Included in
site and a waste management Manager with preparation/ waste collection and spill EPC
manual produced. This will include TIC construction prevention. Contractor
segregation of wastes, storage, phase. Domestic wastes for total facility budget.
handling, on-site management of are collected and removed from Hazardous
hazardous waste, personal site by local council three times Waste to be
protective equipment. The waste per week. handled by
management procedures will There are no other routine VRA.
include initiatives for waste hazardous wastes produced save
reduction, re-use and recycling and for the waste oil sludge.
treatment of hazardous wastes.
3. Training of staff. Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA As laid out in T1 EMMP. Training Budget in
All site personnel involved in waste Manager with commencement programme to be formalised. T1/T2
management will be trained in the TIC of site Training incorporated into plant construction
implementation of the waste preparation/ weekly safety meeting budget
management procedures. Staff will construction
be provided with appropriate phase
personal protective equipment and
given guidance on environmental
hazards associated with on-site
wastes.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-30 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
7. LAND ISSUES 4. Treatment of Waste Oils. The Environmental EIA/EMP During operation EPA The incinerator was installed for Budget in T1
AND WASTE waste oils are isolated from the Manager with T1 and is now in operation. contract sum
MANAGEMNENT surface drainage system and stored TIC and T1 However , an alternative primary
in an on-site pool, which will be contractor waste oil disposal option has been
removed offsite, or if this is not identified – waste oil recycling to
possible then incinerated. The Tema Oil Refinery and other
efficient and timely operation of the private sector companies.
incinerator will be ensured.
5. Sludge Waste from Oxidation Environmental EIA/EMP At 10 year EPA The sewage lagoons are currently Budget to be
Ponds. Sewage sludge will be Manager with intervals. under-utilised. Sludge removal determined
generated from the oxidation ponds TIC and disposal not likely to happen when dredging
which will be dredged every 10 in the next 10 years. is required
years. This will be landfilled or used
locally for agriculture. The disposal
option of the sludge will be carefully
selected and monitored.
6. Solid wastes from construction Environmental EIA/EMP Construction EPA Confirmed. Wood is currently Budget
and operation phases. These will Manager with and operation recycled to the local workforce as included in
include wood, metals, glass and TIC phases. part of a performance reward T1/T2
plastic etc. The solid waste will be scheme. contracts and
collected by Shama Ahanta East Not Applicable anymore at the then in annual
Metropolitan Authority and operational phase operations and
transported to its local landfill site. maintenance
budget
Addendum Environmental Report 8-31 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ Date (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
7. LAND ISSUES Monitoring
AND WASTE
MANAGEMNENT 1. Operation of Oil Incinerator Environmental EIA/EMP Waste EPA This has only been undertaken Budget
and oilywater separator. The Manager with management to determine sludge oil content included in T1
operation of the waste oil TIC audit will be prior to arranging agreement for operational
incinerator, oilywater separator undertaken. removal of waste oil for recycling and
and collection system will be by TOR. maintenance
monitored and audited to ensure budget
efficient operation and satisfactory Regular monitoring to be
management. undertaken to check levels of
trace metals and toxics was
commenced in February 2000
2. Audit waste management Environmental EIA/EMP Waste EPA Provided for in T1 EMMP. Budget
procedures and practices. An Manager with management included in T2
audit of waste management TIC audit will be operational
procedures and practices will be undertaken and and
undertaken focussing on the repeated maintenance
operation of T1. An audit of waste annually. budget
carrier and landfill site will be Results will be
undertaken to ensure satisfactory reported in the
disposal at appropriately regulated AER.
landfill site. Where mitigation
measures or changes in waste
management practices are
required, then mitigation
measures will be developed in the
final supplementary EIA.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-32 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ Date (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
8. ECOLOGICAL Mitigation Measures
EFFECTS
1. All operations will remain within Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA Confirmed. Parts of the BVI Budget in T2
the existing site fence line. Manager with commencement Construction area will be EPC contract
Additional encroachment into the TIC of site returned to wetland on
wetland area west of the site will preparation/ completion of construction while
be avoided. Areas already construction other construction areas outside
cleared of vegetation for the phase and the TTPP plant boundary will
construction lay down sites during ongoing through also be reinstated.
construction of T1 will be used operation phase.
during T2.
2. Revegetation of areas following Environmental EIA/EMP Revegetation of EPA Confirmed. Budget
construction. Manager with T1 areas included in
TIC ongoing. Any EPC contract
T2 areas will be
addressed
during the
construction
phase.
3. Landscape screen planting will Environmental EIA/EMP During EPA Confirmed particularly for the Budget
be undertaken using appropriate Manager with construction coastal strip. included in
native species. TIC phase EPC contract
Addendum Environmental Report 8-33 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ Date (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
8. ECOLOGICAL Mitigation measures
EFFECTS
4. Restoration of borrow areas by Environmental EIA/EMP During EPA Confirmed, although some VRA Budget in EPC
contractor. Selection of Manager with construction Township properties have been contract
appropriate native species for TIC phase constructed on former borrow
planting. areas. Ornamental planting has
been used in these areas.
5. Specific routes for construction Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA Same routes used as per T1. Budget in EPC
vehicles will be established, to Manager with commencement contract
avoid any off-road vehicle TIC of site
movements for site plant and preparation/
vehicles construction
phase and
throughout
project life
Monitoring
1.Brief annual ecological walkover EM EIA/EMP During TIC with overall No action to date. Budget of
survey to assess ecological construction agreement with $3,000 per
effects. This will cover the plant work, EPA year
site and the wetland area to a commissioning
distance of 2km from the western and operation
boundary.
2. Borrow areas will be EM EIA/EMP Following TIC with overall No action to date.Borrow Budget in EM
periodically assessed to ensure completion of agreement with areas have been assessed, staff salaries
effective restoration has been construction EPA revegetation is proceeding
undertaken. satisfactorily even though at
slow pace
Addendum Environmental Report 8-34 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
9. LANDSCAPE Mitigation Measures
AND VISUAL
EFFECTS 1. Ensure that no vegetation Environmental EIA/EMP During EPA Confirmed no further major loss of Budget in EPC
clearance or other disturbance/ Manager with site preparation/ vegetation. contract
encroachment occurs in areas not TIC / EPC construction
previously effected by T1. Contractor phase
2. Design landscape scheme Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA Confirmed and largely in place. Budget in EPC
including suitable native trees and Manager with commencement contract
other local species. This will TIC / EPC of construction
include native grass species for Contractor phase and
proposed grassed areas of the ongoing into
site. operation phase
3. Implement planting scheme for Environmental EIA/EMP At EPA See above. Budget in EPC
site and adjacent areas. Planting Manager with commencement contract
will be carried out as quickly as TIC of construction
practically possible. EPC phase and
Contractor ongoing into
operation phase
Monitoring
1.Commitment to tree planting EM EIA/EMP During TIC with EMG monitoring process. Budget in EPC
maintenance. Ensure planting construction overall contract
programme is effective by work, agreement
monitoring tree health and commissioning with EPA
replanting as necessary and operation.
The monitoring
will be
undertaken on a
6 monthly basis.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-35 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Date Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
10. RISK Mitigation Measures
MANAGEMENT
1. Staff will be made aware of the Environmental EIA/EMP During EPA H&S training has been Budget
risks posed by oil spillage, Manager with construction provided.
chemical spillage, fire and TIC and OSCP and ongoing Confirmed. $300,000
explosion. Staff will be educated Contractor through Two Mock Spill Exercises
on how to minimise risks by using operational were undertaken in May 1999
good practice and on how to phase. and November 2000, the
respond to an incident. Training results if which have been
programme to include. documented for distribution to
the EPA and internally.
Fire fighting practice An Evacuation drill plan has been
Precautions for safe storage prepared for T1. This is still
and handling of fuels and believed to be in draft form.
hazardous chemicals.
-A mock Oil Spill Response
exercise and details of the Oil
Spill Contingency Plan
(OSCP).
2. Review of existing contingency
plans for incident management.
This is to be updated as required.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-36 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
TIC – PROPOSED EXPANSION TO TAKORADI THERMAL POWER PLANT
PROVISIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
EMP Issue Description of Action Individual (s) Standards Timing of Responsible Comments and Actions to Financial
Responsible and Guideline Action Authority/ Date (March 2001) Commitment
for Action Documents Agency
10. RISK Monitoring Measures
MANAGEMENT
1.Check accident records and the Environmental EIA/EMP During EPA Incidents are documented Budget included
procedures which are used to Manager with construction according to Procedure EP in operational
record incidents. TIC and OSCP and ongoing 010, ‘Procedure for and
Contractor through Corrective Action to Deal maintenance
2. Audit clean up operations for operational with Environmental costs
any spillages that occur. phase. Incidents and Non-
Conformances’, of the T1
3. Check standard and integrity of EMS Manual.
storage facilities and general Audits are undertaken as
housekeeping. Repair facilities required under Section 6
and upgrade as required. ‘Internal Audit Manual’ of
Inspection will be carried out at the T1 EMS Manual.
least every 6 months. Plant Inspection is
undertaken daily.
Addendum Environmental Report 8-37 J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK
Addendum Environmental Report J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
9 CONCLUSIONS
9.1 Introduction
The following section draws on the conclusions of the EIA undertaken for the 1999
SEIS and of this Addendum with regards to the Takoradi 2 expansion project, and is
subdivided as follows:
• The overall impact associated with constructing and operating T2 alone
• The overall impact of operating T1 and T2;
• The nature and significance of any change to the conclusions drawn in the 1999 SEIS
after taking into account the additional environmental and social topics, changes and
updates addressed in the Addendum.
9.2 Conclusions on Overall Effect of T2
On balance, after taking into account the following points, it is concluded that the
construction and operation of T2 would have a relatively minor adverse effect on the
surrounding environment.
• T2 represents an extension of an existing plant and by definition shares an existing
infrastructure, services and facilities which would otherwise have to be constructed if
the plant was developed on a new site;
• The construction phase for T2 has run concurrently with T1 whereby areas previously
affected by the T1 construction activities (laydown areas, compound sites and spoil
storage areas) have been taken over for the T2 construction phase. This has
minimised the temporary loss of any further land-take over and above that used for
T1.
• The T2 plant has been designed to comply with World Bank criteria for thermal power
plants and Ghanaian regulations.
• A programme of community improvements is currently being implemented as
compensation for T1 for the local communities (which includes T2). These
improvements include, but are not limited to, school buildings, cold storage, local
employment and ongoing public consultation.
9.3 Conclusions on Overall Effect of T1 + T2
When considering the cumulative effect of operating both T1 and T2 as a combined
cycle plant it is expected that, as described in the 1999 SEIS, it will have at most a
moderate adverse effect on the surrounding environment provided environmental
management and monitoring programmes are implemented as described.
Addendum Environmental Report J98404B
JacobsGIBB Limited 9-1 Issue 3.0 / November 2001
TIC Takoradi Thermal Power Plant, Proposed Expansion
9.4 Conclusions of Addendum
In specifically addressing the environmental and social issues requested by IFC, it is
concluded that due largely to the former land use of the T2 construction site and
temporary storage and compound areas (i.e. it had already been cleared and/or in
use for T1) there has been no effect on the following issues:
• Natural habitats (as defined in OP 4.04);
• Forestry;
• Cultural property; and
• Involuntary resettlement.
Ghanaian worker’s rights legislation does not permit the use of child or forced labour
and the Contractor’s EPC Agreement enforces this requirement. No such practices
occur on the TTPP site (operations and construction).
In terms of pest management, those activities that are undertaken on site are small
scale compared to the types of project referred to in OP 4.09, and comprise reducing
the prevalence of mosquitoes at the plant and VRA township and to reduce weed
growth within the substation areas. Given the health benefits associated with limiting
the prevalence of mosquitoes and the small area to be sprayed with appropriate
herbicides, the overall effect of T2 on this topic is expected to be minor to negligible.
As the fuel supply pipeline and SPM are not directly affecting an international
waterway (as defined in OP 7.50), that current fuel supply deliveries are quarterly and
T2 will share the existing facilities, it is concluded that there is no adverse effect on
this issue.
In terms of addressing the changes that have occurred since the preparation of the
1999 SEIS, it is considered that overall, there is no significant adverse change to the
environmental impacts (beneficial and adverse) described in the 1999 SEIS. This is
on account of the fact that there is no substantial change to the design of the plant.
The plant during normal operation should meet the relevant environmental guidelines
of both Ghana and the World Bank.
While the construction phase has essentially extended, provided the appropriate
construction phase mitigation measures are employed as discussed, any associated
construction effects should last for the duration of the construction period only.
Overall, and with the implementation of appropriate management policies and
procedures during T2’s operation, environmental quality monitoring and pollution
prevention and response procedures, and health and safety frameworks, it is
expected that any residual environmental effects will be kept to a minimum, under
normal operating conditions. The recommendations laid out in the Provisional
Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan for T2 (as per 1999 SEIS) and in
the Addendum should also ensure a high level of environmental protection is
maintained.
Addendum Environmental Report
JacobsGIBB Limited 9-2 Issue 3.0 / November 2001
FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Location Plan
Figure 3.2 T2 Structures and Layout, Simple Cycle 1, Phase 1
Figure 3.3 T2 Structures and Layout, Simple Cycle 2, Phase 2a
Figure 3.4 T2 Structures and Layout, Combined Cycle, Phase 2b
Figure 3.5 Transmission Line Routes Associated with TTPP
Figure 3.6 Construction Schedule Phase 2b Combined Cycle
Key
Transmission Line Completed Under TK-6 (T1)
Proposed Transmission Line to Evacuate Total
T1 and T2 Generation
Proposed Transmission Line to improve Ghana’s
Electricity Transmission Network
Takoradi International Company Date Figure
Transmission Line Routes Associated With TTPP July 2001 3.5
FIGURE 3.6 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE PHASE 2B COMBINED CYCLE
DESCRIPTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
PROJECT MANAGEMENT & ADMINISTRATION
ENGINEERING
CIVIL STRUCTURAL
MECHANICAL
CHEMICAL
MAJOR PROCUREMENT
HRSO #1 A DDDDDDDDDDDD
HRSO #2 A DDDD D D D D D D D D
STEAM TURBINE A DDDDDDDD
STEAM TURBINE BUILDING A DDDD
GSU TRANSFORMER (ST) A D
SWITCHYARD EQUIPMENT A D
WATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT A D
BOP EQUIPMENT (CC) AAAAAAAAAAAAA DDDD DDDD DDDD
COOLING TOWER A DDDDDDDD
PIPE RACK A DDDD DDDD
CONSTRUCTION
SITE PREPARATION
UNDERGROUND UTILITIES (CC)
FOUNDATIONS (CC)
CIRC WATER LINE
CIRC WATER PUMPHOUSE
COMBUSTION TURBINE 1 OUTAGE
COMBUSTION TURBINE 2 OUTAGE
HRSG #1 ERECTION
HRSG #2 ERECTION
STEAM TURBINE BUILDING ERECTION
CONDENSER ERECTION
STEAM TURBINE ERECTION
PIPE RACK ERECTION
OSU TRANSFORMER (ST) INSTALLATION
SWITCHYARD ERECTION
WATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
COOLING TOWER ERECTION/COMMISSIONING
BOP EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION
MECHANICAL PIPING ERECTION
ELECTRICAL CABLE ERECTION
COMMISSIONING, TESTING & STARTUP
ENERGIZE AUX ELECT SYSTEM
COMMISSION WATER TREATMENT
HYDRO HRSG's
CHEMICAL CLEANING
CT2 REFIRE - CHECKOUT
CT1 REFIRE - CHECKOUT
STEAM BLOWS/RESTORE
UNIT SYNCH / COMMISSIONING / TEST RUNS
SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION
Combined Cycle Energize Combined Cycle
EPC MTP Aux Elect Substantial
Completion
PHOTOGRAPHS
Photograph Sheet 1 Photograph 1
Photograph Sheet 2 Photographs 2a to 3a
Photograph Sheet 3 Photographs 3b to 4b
Photograph Sheet 4 Photograph 5
Photograph Sheet 5 Photographs 6 to 7
Photograph Sheet 6 Photographs 8a to 8c
Photograph Sheet 7 Photograph 9
SC2 1. SC1 and SC2 of T2 SC1
Takoradi International Company
Takoradi Environmental Impact Assessment
Photograph Sheet 1
2a. Temporary drainage ditch running east-west at southern end of T2 area.
Settling basin adjacent to road crossing point.
3a. Worker bus collection/deposit point, the ‘shanty’ town on the edge of the BVI
construction compound, including the cement batching plant
Takoradi International Company
Takoradi Environmental Impact Assessment
2b. Tie in of temporary drainage system into existing T1 drainage system Photograph Sheet 2
3b. Cement batching plant and aggregrate storage area in the BVI construction compound
4b. Untreated LCO storage tank for SC2 under construction
Takoradi International Company
Takoradi Environmental Impact Assessment
4a. Treated LCO storage tank for SC2 and bermed area (additional feature) Photograph Sheet 3
5. Coastal Strip Replanting
(tanker delivering LCO in
background)
Takoradi International Company
Takoradi Environmental Impact Assessment
Photograph Sheet 4
6. Completed VRA township leisure facility. Sewerage lagoons in background.
Takoradi International Company
Takoradi Environmental Impact Assessment
7. Laying of foundations for 4-block school at Aboadze
Photograph Sheet 5
8a. Sewage lagoon 1
8c. Sewage lagoon 3
Takoradi International Company
Takoradi Environmental Impact Assessment
8b. Sewage lagoon 2 Photograph Sheet 6
9. Aboadze at TTPP boundary
Takoradi International Company
Takoradi Environmental Impact Assessment
Photograph Sheet 7
