Newton's Laws Newtonian GravityÂ
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Astronomy Date:
Newton’s Laws & Newtonian Gravity
Newton’s 3 Laws
st
1) Newton’s 1 Law:
nd
2) Newton’s 2 Law:
rd
3) Newton’s 3 Law:
Newton’s Law of Gravity
a. Calculate the gravitational attraction between the Sun and the Earth.
b. Calculate the gravitational attraction between the Earth and you.
c. Calculate the gravitational attraction between you and the person closest to you.
rd
Newton’s Form of Kepler’s 3 Law
a. Enceladus, one of Saturn’s moons, orbits at a distance of 237950 km from Saturn with a
period of about 1.3 days. Calculate the combined mass of Saturn and Enceladus (since
Enceladus is much less massive than Saturn, this gives calculation becomes a good
approximation of the mass of Saturn)
Astronomy Date:
Questions & Exercises
What is the difference between weight and mass?
Suppose the Earth were moved to a distance of 3.0 AU from the Sun. Would the Sun’s gravitational pull
on the Earth be stronger or weaker? By about how much?
Suppose you could “stand” on the surface of Jupiter, which has a mass of 1.9E27 kg and a radius of about
140000 km. What would be the gravitational force on your body? How many g’s is this? In other words,
2
if the acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 m/s , how many times greater is the acceleration due to
gravity on Jupiter?
How far would you have to go from Earth to be completely beyond the pull of its gravity? Explain.
Ariel is a small moon orbiting Uranus (ha!) with a period of 2.52 days. What is the length of its semi
major axis?
Charon is the large moon of the dwarf planet Pluto and has a semimajor axis of 19,500 km and an orbital
period of 6.387 days. If the mass of Pluto is 1.3E22 kg, what is the mass of Charon?
Suppose you are watching footage of astronauts in the space station, and a fellow viewer comments on
how there is no gravity in space, which is why astronauts can float around. Respectfully correct this
statement with a clear, concise, and correct explanation of your own. You may find it helpful to include a
diagram.
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