How to Build Wireless Sensor Networks
John Suh, PhD
www.xbow.com
Contents
Market overview Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology
Reliable, flexible mesh networking Low power communication Enterprise integration Network management
Summary
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The Physical Internet
Connectivity with Physical World
Cellular phone
Availability of computing
Personal Computer Workstation Mainframe
Interactivity Productivity Number Crunching Data Storage
Year
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WSN Benefits
End-User Benefits
Reduced cost Increased operational efficiency
OEM Benefits
Participation in growth market Increased differentiation Increased customer satisfaction
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WSN Market Forecast
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Top 5 Requirements Reliability Wireless Enterprise Integration Flexibility Deployability
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99.99% multi-year battery life IP and industry protocols Application optimization Network management
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Audience Question/Poll
1. How do you rank the following requirements in priority? (value 1 to 5 where 1 = doesn’t apply, 5 = highest priority)
Reliability Battery life Enterprise integration Flexibility Deployability
2. Have you identified additional “must have” requirements that are not listed here?
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WSN Technology
www.xbow.com
WSN – Architecture
Processor-Radio-Data Logger “Mote”
How to Build Wireless Sensor Networks
Sensor cluster or interface card
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MoteWorks
™
Software Platform
Server Tier
Gateway Server SW (“XServe”) Remote Access Database
Today’s Focus
Network Tier
SW Development Tools
Client Tier
Monitoring & Management MoteView Management Configuration Analysis Data Log/Visualization
Over-The-Air Programming Mesh Network Stack (“XMesh”) TinyOS Operating System
Over-The-Air Programming Mesh NW Stack
XML Database Custom
Hardware Platform
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Reliable, Flexible Mesh Networking
www.xbow.com
Star Network
Simple topology Support for very low power operation of edge nodes
= line powered, routing Mote
How to Build Wireless Sensor Networks
= edge, battery powered, non-routing Mote
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Hybrid Star Network
= line powered, routing Mote
How to Build Wireless Sensor Networks
= edge, battery powered, non-routing Mote
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Hybrid Star Network
= line powered, routing Mote
How to Build Wireless Sensor Networks
= edge, battery powered, non-routing Mote
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Hybrid Star Network
Very low-power edge nodes Wall/main powered routing nodes ZigBee architecture
= line powered, routing Mote
How to Build Wireless Sensor Networks
= edge, battery powered, non-routing Mote
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Low Power Mesh Network
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Low Power Mesh Network
Ad hoc, self-forming, self-healing Maximum flexibility and reliability Low power through time-synchronization Best scalability
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Network Services for Reliability
Dynamic route updates Link-level message acknowledgements End-to-end message acknowledgements Automatic retries
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Office Environment Testbed
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Results
99.99% message delivery All nodes battery powered 1+ year battery life time
2 AA alkaline cells Full mesh Low power sensors
Multi-year battery life through choice of options in mesh networking
Number of retries Acknowledgments Topology
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Audience Question/Poll
3. What message delivery reliability does your application require?
99.999% (five nines) 99.99% (four nines) 99.9% (three nines) 99% 90% Don’t know
4. What battery life does your application require?
7+ years 5+ years 3+ years 2+ years 1+ years Don’t know
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Mesh Networking Summary
Choose best topology for your application
Star – simple, low power end nodes Hybrid Star – larger physical coverage, lowest power end nodes Mesh – best scalability, highest reliability, low power
Configuration capabilities for reliability/power optimizations
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Enterprise Connectivity
www.xbow.com
End-to-End Deployment – IP Networks
WSN Gateway
Server
Local Terminal
Ethernet
Wifi
IP Network
Remote Clients
Gateway Middleware Server:
WSN Enterprise Network message routing XML based application server
Message parsing, processing, transforming Platform for server-side application development Pre-configured and custom business logic
Commissioning and management services
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IP Networks – Use Cases
WSN Gateway
Server
Local Terminal
Ethernet
Wifi
IP Network
Upstream
Raw sensor data conversion to engineering units Message parsing for alarm notification, database storage XML based enterprise application integration
Remote Clients
Downstream
XML RPC command translation and forwarding to WSN node Management of over-the-air-programming WSN node authentication
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IP Networks – Use Cases
WSN Gateway
Server
Local Terminal
Ethernet
Wifi
IP Network
Upstream
Raw sensor data conversion to engineering units Message parsing for alarm notification, database storage XML based enterprise application integration
Remote Clients
Downstream
XML RPC command translation and forwarding to WSN node Management of over-the-air-programming WSN node authentication
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Enterprise Connectivity Summary
Integrates WSN with Enterprise Network
Bi-directional gateway
XML interface for IP based application integration Customizable interface for protocol/bus integration WSN services
Over-the-air-programming Network management Application Services
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Audience Question/Poll
5. Which gateway protocol support do you need?
XML Application integration WSDL/SOAP Modbus Bacnet OPC Other
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Network Management
www.xbow.com
Network Deployment
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Network Deployment
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Network Deployment
New Code Image
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Over-the-air-programming
Boot loader in sensor nodes Program images controlled by gateway server Single node or multicast reprogramming Reliable reprogramming over low power mesh
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Summary and Wrap Up
www.xbow.com
WSN Checklist
Capability Network reliability Enterprise Connectivity Scalability and flexibility Requirement
99.99% message delivery rate 5+ years battery life time XML application server sensor data conversions Choice of network topologies, power schemes, Message guarantee services Over-the-air-programming Single node, power efficient multicast
Check
Commissioning and management
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How do I get started?
WSN Training Class Evaluation and Development Kits MoteWorks Software Platform
+
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What we didn’t cover today
WSN hardware
Microcontrollers Radio transceivers Low power sensors
User-Interfaces for WSN Sensor-data analysis and enterprise information systems
Questions?
Contact us at: info@xbow.com +1-408-965-3300
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Getting in touch
Dr. John Suh Sr. Application Engineer jsuh@xbow.com +1-408-965-3310 4145 N. 1st St. San Jose, CA 95134
Thank You
info@xbow.com www.xbow.com
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