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By :Ankit Agarwal Hitesh Kumar Mishra Ideal Institute Of Technology ROBOT A Programmable machine having human like structure. ► LAWS OF ROBOTICS : Robots must never harm human beings.  Must follow instructions from human without violating rule 1.  Must protect themselves without violating others rule ► FUTURE OF ROBOTICS :Nowadays robots can be all sorts of technology These are progressing very quickly In coming years we may have machines much superior to humans. We have to prepare our self to face those high capability machines. Comparision OF Human & Robots ► Humans have limited capabilities  The best sense is just : vision  3 – dimension view of world  Slow communication : Speech “Cybernetic Organism” A hybrid of machine & organism, a creature of social reality as well as a creature of fiction. CYBORG EVOLUTION OF CYBORG ► Stage I Cyborg : Replacement or augmentation of the human skeleton. Eg. - wooden leg, hook for lost hand etc. Stage II Cyborg : Replacement or augmentation of muscles. Eg. – mechanical hand for lost hand etc . ► ► Stage III Cyborg : Replacement or augmentation of parts of the peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system. Eg- Bionic arms and legs etc Stage IV Cyborg : Replacement or augmentation of parts of the central nervous system. Eg- video eye for blind etc ► Recent Experiments ► ► ► Kevin Warwick (world’s largest expert in cybernetics) Proff. Of Cybernetics, University of Reading, England CYBORG 1.0 Chip implantation in forearm on 24 August 1998. Chip: Glass capsule containing an electromagnetic coil & a number of Silicon chips. First time chip was implanted in a human. Monitoring of Kevin by Computer Implant communicated via radio waves with a network of antenna through out the department. Sending of signals from Kevin to main computer. ► ► ► ► ► CYBORG 2.0 ► ► ► On 14th march 2002 : Hundred electrode array was implanted in to nerve fibers of his left arm. Able to control wheel chair. Control of intelligent artificial hand. NEURAL INTERFACE Micro electrode array containing 100 individual electrode. 25 channel neural signal amplifier Amplification factor of 5000. Corner frequency of 250 Hz & 7.5 Khz. Digitizing speed of 30,000 samples/second/electrode. ► ► ► ► ► SHAP Test ► Southampton test. ► Test for monitoring the effect of implant 09/01/ 0 2 Overall Spheric al 97 97 27/03/ 0 2 97 95 Hand Assessment procedure 04/05/ 0 2 97 96 27/05/ 0 2 98 96 19/07/ 0 2 98 96 Tripod Power Lateral Tip Extensi on 95 96 96 97 95 97 96 97 96 97 96 95 99 95 98 99 96 98 98 98 99 96 98 99 98 Present Application of Cyborgs ► Popular Bionic devices  The Boston Elbow :- Artificial arm powered by battery and controlled by signals originating from the amputee’s muscle stump.  Artificial Heart : Similar to natural but powered from a battery.  Neural Arm Implant : It involves the implanting of a network of electrodes under the skin with a computer based controller.  Ear implant : A hearing aid has been developed that directly simulated the nervous in the ear. FUTURE ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► Tapping of signals like waggling of index finger Emotional signal like happiness. Alternative path ways for blind or deaf. Cyber Drugs :- Abandon the concept of feeding people by chemical treatment & cure electronically. Drunk Signal Thought to Thought Communication : -Implant between two persons. Sending of signals through internet. Sending of movement & emotional signals between them. Military : Army of cyborgs connected with satellite and having digital map. Cyber city:- Complete population of the city will be cyborgs, they will be linked with a main computer. Every activity of cyborgs will be recorded. No crimes. Electronic tagging : An easy way of identification. What To Do ????? So To Remain The Most Powerful Species We “HUMANS” have to switch over to CYBORGS The only possible way to dominate Robots who are progressing very fast.