The-Holy-Quran

							    The Holy Quran

How was it revealed and collected
and compiled
                         Ali Azhar Arastu
Agenda

   Introduction
   Revelation and its kinds
   Revealed and recorded
   Surahs, Makki and Madani and their characteristics
   Compilers of the Holy Quran
   Qira’ats
   Mohkamat (definitive) and Mutashabihat (ambiguos)
   Huroof e Muqatte (The letters that are broken)
   Short Stories in Quran
   Ethics in Quran
   The Miracle
Introduction

   Book that brings light
   Not the only heavenly book, but its unique
   Literary Masterpiece
   Challenge of Allah (swt) (Surah Isra 17:88)
   Other names of Quran
Revelation and its kinds

 Revelation
 Revelation on the heart
 Revelation through sound or sign
 Revelation through Angels
Revealed and recorded

   The first 5 Ayats revealed on 27th Rajab
   Period of 23 years
   The first one to record in Mecca was Ali (as)
   The first one to record in Medina was Zaid
   The others who recorded
   Where were they recorded?
   After recording what?
   Memorize
   How did they know when a Surah ended?
   Bismillah, why was it omitted in Surah Tauba?
Surah’s , Makki and Madani

 Surah, its definition
 Two Kinds of Surah’s
 Makki Surah’s and Madani Surah’s
 Special characteristics of Makki and Madani
 The sequence of Surah’s
 The names of the Surah’s
 Some Surah’s have more than one name:
    - Surah Tauba is also called ‘Bara’at’
    - Surah Naml is also called ‘Suleiman’
Compilers of the Holy Quran

   Ali (as) compiles it first after the demise of the holy
    Prophet (sawa)
   Zaid was asked to do it
   Others who did it too
   Quran standardized in the reign of the 3rd caliph
   No difference in the Quran compiled by Imam Ali and
    the Quran we have today
   Imam Ali (as) and other Imams authenticate the Quran
Qira’ats


 Minor problems in the standardized version
  - Letters without dots
  - No vowels
  - No Alifs inside the word
 Only educated Arabs could read
 Causes differences in Qira’ats
 7 different Qira’ats
 Most of the muslim world follows ‘Hafs’ now
 Hafs student of Aasim…
Mohkamat (definitive) and Mutashabihat (ambiguos) verses


   Surah Aale Imran Ayat #7
   Mohkamat (definitive) verses
   Mutashabihat (Metaphorical) verses
    - Hands of Allah (swt)
   Definitive verses explained in Tafseer
   Metaphorical verses paraphrased/Taweel
Huroof e Muqatte (Alif Lam Mim)

 The letters that are used in beginning of
  some Surah’s
 29 Surah’s that start with these letters..
 What are these letters? What do they mean?
 There are 3 opinions
    - Only Allah (swt) knows
    - Only Allah (swt), His Prophet(S) and Imams (AS) know
    - To show that Quran is written by simple letters
Short Stories in Quran

 Quran just hints the incidences of the past
 No details, it is not a history book
 Has no fiction
 Stories to wake the sleeping ones
 Stories to prove that it is a heavenly book
 All the Prophets had the same mission
 Roots of all the religions are the same
 Stories show the fate of non believers
 Stories boosted the morale of the prophet (S)
Ethics in Quran

   Always Respond to a Greeting with a better one(4:86)
   Do not be Arrogant or Proud (31;18)
   Be Humble and Speak softly (31:19)
   Invite to God with Wisdom and Kindness (16:125)
   Be Kind to Your Parents (17:23,24)
   Suppress Anger and Forgive People (3:133,134)
   Counter Evil with Good (41:34) & (13:22)
   Do not say Bad Things (14:26)
   Do not insult the Idolaters (6:108)
   Do not make Fun of Others, or call Them Names (49:11)
   Do not be Suspicious, or Spy on One Another, or Backbite (49:12)
   Do not be Racist (49:13)
The Miracle

 Literary masterpiece
 A book 1400 yrs old has things that
  science is now discovering
 Quran challenges the mankind
 To produce one surah like it