James Parise
Chapter 17 Section 1 Medici: Banking family that ruled the city state of Florence. Cosimo Medici was the dictator of Florence for 30 years. After he died, his family continued for him. Lorenzo was hi grandson. He ruled as a dictator and kept up the appearance of having an elected government. Humanists/Humanism: People who study classical texts. It is an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements. Studied classical texts to understand ancient Greek values. Influenced artists and architects to carry on classical traditions. Humanities: The study of History, Literature, and philosophy. Castiglione: wrote a book called The Courtier that taught how to become a universal man. A man should be charming, witty, and well educated. He should dance, sing and play music. And also write poetry, ride, wrestle, and use a sword. Isabella d' Este: Born in the city state of Ferrara. Brought Renaissance artists to her court and built a famous art collection. She was skilled in politics. She won the release of her husband when he was taken captive in war. Michelangelo: Sculptor, poet, architect, and painter. He used a realistic style when depicting the human body. Donatello: Made sculpture more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that reveal personality. Created a statue of David. da Vinci: Painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist. Studied things such as musciles. Painted the Mona Lisa. Also did a religious painting called The Last Supper. Rahpael: Famous for his use of perspective. Filled the walls of Pope Julius II's library with paintings. School of Athens was one of the famous paintings. Anguissola: First woman artist to gain an international reputation. Known for her portraits of her sisters and people such as King Philip II. Gentileschi: Trained with her painter father and helped with his work. Dante: Wrote in the Vernacular, which was his native language. Petrarch: one of the earliest humanists. Some call him the father of Renaissance humanism. Also a great poet. He wrote sonnets. Boccaccio: Known for the Decameron. It was a series of realistic stories. Vittoria Colonna: Exchanged sonnets with Michelangelo and helped Castiglione publish The Courtier.
Renaissance: Period of time where art and creativity exploded. It is known as the rebirth of art and learning. The contributions made during this period led to innovative styles of art and literature. Spread from northern Italy to the rest of Europe. Italy had 3 advantages that made it the birthplace of the Renaissance--- 1. Thriving cities. 2. Wealthy merchant class. 3. Classical heritage of Greece and Rome. Crusades: Urban Italy: trade led to the growth of city states in Italy. Italy was urban while the rest of Europe was still mostly rural. Cities were the ideal breeding ground for an intellectual revolution. The bubonic plague hit the cities and brought economic changes. Higher wages were demanded, merchants began to pursue other interests such as art. Secular: Worldy rather than spiritual and concerned with here and now. Patrons: Church leaders who spent huge amounts of money on art. Renaissance merchants and wealthy families were also patrons. “Universal Man”: A person who mastered every area of study. Perspective: Allowed to show three dimensions on a flat surface. Vernacular: a language. Merchants: dominated politics. They did not inherit social rank. Artists and scholars of Italy got inspiration from the ruins of Rome. Western scholars studied ancient Latin manuscripts that had been preserved in monasteries. Christian scholars in Constantinople fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinople. Women-- Not expected to seek fame. They were expected to inspire art. The Prince by Machiavelli examines the imperfect conduct of humans. Chapter 17 Section 2 Albrect Durer: Traveled to Italy to study. Produced woodcuts nad engravings when he returned to Germany. Had realistic work. Hans Holbein: Influenced by Durer. Specialized in painting portraits that are almost photographic in detail. Peter Bruegel: Interested in realistic details and people. Did paints of scenes. Erasmus: Christian Humanist. Wrote The Praise of Folly. It poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests. He believed that all people should study the bible. Thomas More: Christian Humanist. Tried to show a better model of society. Wrote the book Utipia.
Christine de Pizan: Woman who was highly educated for the time and earned her living as a writer. Wrote The Book of The City of Ladies. Questioned the different treatment of boy sand girls. Wanted boys and girls to be educated. Queen Elizabeth I: Ruled England. She was well educated. Shakespeare: Most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age. Revealed the souls of men and women in his dramatic stories. Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, and A Midsummer Night's Dream. Be Sheng: Invented movable type. A sperate piece of type for each character in the language. Johann Gutenberg: Craftsman from Minz, Germany. Developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way. Made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply. Could make 500 books in the time it took to make 1. Fontainebleau: Christian Humanism: movement to reform society. Promoted education of women. Utopia: Means “no place” in Greek. It was a book written by Thomas More. It is about imaginary land where greed and ware have been weeded out. The Elizabethan Age: The Renaissance in England after Queen Elizabeth I. A French King claimed the throne of Naples and launched an invasion through Italy. Jan van Eyck was the first great Flemish Renaissance painter. Used oil based paints to develop techniques that painters still use. Used layers of paints. Changes from the Renaissance: Changes in arts: – Art drew on techniques and styles of classical Greece and Rome – Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature in more realistic and lifelike ways. – Artists created works that were secular as well as those that were religious. – Writers began to use vernacular languages to express their ideas. – The arts praised individual achievement. Changes in Society: – Printing changed society by making more information available and inexpensive enough for society at large. – A greater availability of books prompted an increased desire for learning and a rise in literacy throughout Europe. – Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and charts led to further discoveries in a variety of fields. – Published legal proceedings made the laws clear so that people were more likely to understand their rights. – Christians humanists attempts to reform society changed views about how life should be lived.
–
People began to question political structures and religious practices.