Seerah_1

SEERAH 1-22-06 History of Islam - even though we are talking about the life of the messenger (saw), we still call the subject the history of Islam. The history of Islam does not start with the Prophet (saw), it starts with Adam (as) as we believe they were all Muslims (the prophets and messengers). Relationship between Hadith and Seera: - Seerah discusses the life ot eh Messenger (saw) from his birth or even before that. While the hadith requires a "trustworthy narrator". - Sciences of Sunnah deal with more types of hadith than Seera where we "focus on the life" of the Messenger (saw). books of seera start with the life of teh Prophet (saw) and the books of history start with the creation of Adam. Why do we study Seera? 1. to know who Mohammad (saw) was so that we can follow/love him. Allah said "Say if you love Allah, then follow Mohammad" 3:31 2. Acheiving he Love of Allah which can't happen without fololiwng his Messenger (saw). 3:31 again. 3. It helps us to know various rulings and the reasons behind them 4. Studying the Seera helps us to know what's abrogated of the rulings and what is not by knowing what comes later. 5. Taking advantage of the lessons in the life of the Messenger (saw). How to deal with adversity, etc. 6. Allows you to understand the wisdom behind some of the rulings. Resources of this subject: 1. Quran - many stories mentioned. the cave, etc. 2. books of hadith. 3. Books of the miracles of the Messenger (saw) and the evidences of his Prophethood. imam baihaqee wrote a book called "dala'il al-nuboo" (signs of Prophethood) 4. Books of the merits of the Messenger (saw) - at-Tirmidhi wrote "Shama'il" 5. Books of the unique qualities of the Messenger (saw) - ex. things like marrying more, or his wudu does not nullify. Books written: 1. Seera of ibn kathir. 4 volumes (sheikh says it might be in English) 2. Al-fusool. means "chapters" (fasl means one chapter). Summary of seerah ibn kathir. 3. Za'ad al Muad - imam ibn al qayyum. does not mention historical events in order. Rather, he compiled characteristics.. All the cures, All the battles, etc. 4. Sirat an-Nabi and the orientalists how many children did the Prophet (saw) have? 7, 3 boys, 4 girls - 3 boys are al qasim, tahir, ibrahim. 4 girls are ruqayyah, zainab, fatima, umm kulthuum. All from khadija except ibrahim was from maria. All died in his life except fatima who died 6 months afterwards. Sons all died young, less than 2 years old. All of the girls got married - fatima to ali, ruqayya and umm kulthum to osman, zaineb married al-as ibn rabiya. how many uncles did the Prophet (saw) have "during his lifetime"? 4, 2 muslims: hamza, and al-abbas, and 2 non-muslims: abu lahab and abu talib. 1-28-06 The 25 Prophets of God. Who are they? what's the right order? (this is taken from ibn kathir stories of the prohpets) Some prophets were mentioned in the homework that were not mentioned in the Quran, they are only mentioned in the sunna.. like prophet yusha (joshua). Allah mentioned the story of Prophet Ibrahim (in sura 6:84-86 ) and listed like 17 prophets. 1. Adam - he's the first because he was the first man created. He was created from clay. 2. Idris - he was a Prophet but not a messenger. 2. Nuh - he was sent to his people 950 years. his miracle was making the ship. God saved him and the people of the ship. 4. Saleh. his people were thamud. Just south of Jordon.. north of saudi. Hadith - they passed the city of the people of saleh and he ordered his companions to pass quickly because the punishment from God had come down here. Miracle of saleh was the she-camel which came from a rock. the people of thamud did not respond to the call of saleh - said "if you want us to believe you, make a she-camel come from this rock. he did it and they still didn't believe. also wanted the camel to water.. eventually, they killed the camel" the punishment from God was a loud sound that killed them. 5. Hud - sent to people of Ad. were in yemen. the place was called "al-ahqaaf" (name of 46th surah). The people were giants. 6. ibrahim - most of the prophets before ibrahim were disbelieved by their people. He lived in Iraq and then later in palestine. had two children. 7. Lut - (answer to homosexuality - lut said "do you commit this horrible thing? nobody has done this before you." therefore, it wasn't human nature, it was something invented.") Angel Gibrail picked them up dropped them and then the stones came down. Messengers of the Children of israel (israel means abdallah) jacob, yusuf, musa, haroon, sulayman, yusha ibn noor, isa.. uzair - is he a prophet? difference of opinino. no definite answer. preserver of torah. they worshipped him as son of God because of his story of the donkey in surah baqara. slept and woke up and thought he slept a few hours and really he slept 100 years and went back to his people. 1-29-06 *in the future we will be responsible to know if so and so is a Prophet, and what was his miracle Ibrahim came to Mecca. He had taken his wife Hajjar to Mecca after she had just had a baby, Ishmael. There was nothing in Mecca, so she asked him "has Allah asked you to do this?" he said "yes" so they were there, Hajjar and Ishmael. She ran because she needed water and then the well of zam zam gushed so she said "zam" and pat it down. Prophet (saw) said it would be a river today if she didn't do that. it is sufficient as food. Abu Darr said he drank zam zam for 40 days and he said he was full only from the water of zam zam. Sheikh said there is protein in this water.. there is a layer on top when you boil it. Then Ibrahim came back when ishmael became a child (sheikh says like 12 or 13). The order of Allah was to sacrifice the son to build the Kaaba. Ibrahim with his son Ishmael built Kaaba. Are you sure it was Ibrahim? One opinion is that it was Adam. Allah says "remember when Ibrahim raised the foundations" - meaning it was already there. Some scholars say angels, and some say Allah created it when he created teh earth with a house on it already. Soon we will say what ibn kathir says. Sura hajj Allah says "remember when we showed ibrahim the place of the house" - implying it was already there and that he had to complete it. History of the House Prophet (saw) was asked what was the first masjid. He said it was Al-kabah. Which one was second? AlAqsa. How many years between them? 40 years. * should know this. I'ts in sahih al-bukhari. Ibrahim's role was either buliding it or completing the foundations. What happened when ibrahim called peopel to hajj. Before there was nothing, now there is zam zam. When he completed kaaba, Allah asked him to call people to hajj. Ibrahim prayed to Allah "Oh Allah, I placed my family in a place where there is nothing, so he asked ALlah to make it beloved to people's hearts. Now we can see how people feel so close to it. Tribe of Jurhum - when they saw that it was empty except for water, they wanted to live there. Hajjar wanted company so she agreed they could live there but that they would have no right to the water. Ishmael was not part of the tribe of Jurhum - he was there first and then the tribe came. So Ishmael was not the first arab, he learned arabic from the tribe of Jurhum. He also married from the tribe of Jurhum he had 12 boys and 1 girl with her. Ishmael had married more than once. What is the proof for this? Story about when Ibrahim went to go visit his son. He didn't find her, he found his wife isntead and he asked her how is everthing. She complained about the food and everything, so he said give Ishmael my salams and tell him to change his doorstep. when ishmael heard this, he said this is a messsage from my father asking me to divorce you. So then he married another woman who didn't complain. The ruling was for the children of Ishmael in the hosue, but later on, the tribe of Jurhum took over and they made corruption. "isaf and Naila" - from the corruption, they fornicated in front of kaaba and instantly turned to stone. Later, they became idols for the Quraish. At the time, another tribe was living near Meca and they fought Jurhum until they took over. They fought Jurhum until one day they took over. The tribe of Khuza'h was the tribe that took over. Story of Khuza'h - In yemen, there is a dam called Ma'rib. A man saw a rat digging a hole in the dam so he knew the village will be destroyed one day (from the dam flooding over) but he didn't want to tell anybody about what he saw. So he decided to move without telling his intention. He told his son "I wll make you angry in front of people and then slap me in my face." so that happened and he said "I will not live in a place where my youngest son wll slap me in the face" so the townsfolk knew he was rich and bought a lot of his stuff and then he left and eventually ended up in khuza'h. Story of Saba' - the peopel who owned the damn in yemen that khuza'h left. Saba' is the name of a people in the Quran. The prophet was asked and he said "saba' is the name of a man". Sura 34 named saba'. Allah said he has given them lots of blessings. They were not grateful, so Allah destroyed the dam and the village was destroyed. Some people left besdies Khuza'h. Al Aws and Al Khazraj went to medina. Not everybody left. Some say there were 10 tribes, 4 left and 6 remained. Tubba' - title of the king of yemen. (pharoah was the king of egypt, najashi was the title of the king of ethiopia. Ceasar = rome, kisra = persia). Tubba was the first one to cover teh kaaba with a cloth. He had a battle so he passed by Medina and he was told it's better to conquer Mecca. When he passed by medina, some people told him that if he really wants to be obeyed, he needs to rule Mecca and he believed them. There were two rabbis who told him not to do that because if he did, Allah will destroy you - nobdoy can do harm to that place. Instead, you have to go and honor it. Tubba liked what they said. He went and clothed the house in order to honor it. Before he did that though, when the two rabbis told him to honor it, he asked them "then why aren't you there?" they said we wanted to be there but there is widespread corruption (remember the people of jurhum didn't honor it). So he requested the two rabbis come with him to hononr it and they agreed. This is the origin of judaism in yemen. Tubba became jewish and the peopel didn't want to become jewish. They asked a wise man who said "let everybody sacrifice" the sacrifice of the rabbis was accepted so then they all became jewish. The rabbis were also in medina in the first place because they hear a prophet would be comign to there. Story of the Elephant. Originally, the arabs used to rule yemen, after lots of battles one of htem went to caesar seeking his support beause he was christian so he sent to his workers in abyssinia and abraha was sent to yemen. (abraha ash-habishi was originally an abyssinian - note his title habishi). Abraha was not the ruler but he also fought the ruler and klled him and he becaseu the ruler of Yemen (he also had his nose cut off from trying to plot against the other ruler who was short). Then abraha built a church "yullays" and he sent to the najashi that I built a great churh and i'll make the arabs go there isntead of mecca. A bedouin was upset about hearing this so he vowed to upset abraha and then he defecated in the middle of abraha's huge great church. Some guards saw it and told abraha that an arab did it so abraha vowed to destroy kaaba. How the Persians ruled yemen. the arabs now were complaining about the abyssinians. they asked caesar for help and he would not, he already sent the abyssinians. After he went did not get help from caesar, he went north to nauman al mundir who ruled a province under kisra, ruler of persia. kisra didn't want to help but , nauman in the north convinced kisra to send his criminals in jail so kisra sent 800 criminals to yemen and they eventually ruled. At the time the prophet sent letters to all the different countries inviting them to islam, Yemen was ruled by persians - this is why there were fire-worshippers there. Back to mecca - khuza'h used to rule, then amr ibn luhai, the ruler of khuza'h, changed the religion of ibrahim. Remember, first ishmael then juhum all worshipped Allah. So how did Mecca become idolaters. Amr ibn luhai travelled once to balqa in Jordan now and he saw them worshiping the idols and they told him whenever he watned rain they get us the rain. He liked that so he asked the idolaters in jordan to give him something. he took the idol "hubbal" back adn put it in front of Kaaba. (in the battle of hubal, abu sufyan before he become Muslim said "3oolo hubbal" meaning hubal is rising - the arabs used to praise hubal so the Prophet told the muslims to answer him "Allah t'3al" - Allah is higher). Amr ibn luhai was well respected so the peopel listened. Also, when mecca expanded, they took stones out of respect for the house in order to remind them, and they worshipped them. 2-6-04 Quraish the word Quraish comes from: 1. taqarash: gathering; 2. taqassu: gaining 3. Quraish: searching Quraish was the name of Fihr ibn malik (notice where fihr ibn malik in the name of the Prophet - if fihr ibn malik is in your name, then you are quraish). His Name: Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn abdul mutalib ibn hashim ibn adb manaf ibn Qusai ibn kilab ibn murra ibn ka'b ibn luai ibn ghalib ibn fihr ibn malik ibn annadr ibn kinana ibn khuzaima ibn mudrika ibn ilyas ibn mudar ibn nizar ibn ma'd ibn adnan. Why does his name go to Adnan? adnan is the father of the arabs. Why not go all the way back to Ibrahim? there is difference of opinion as to the names, some peopel say we know, some say we do not, some say forget it. from Ibrahim to Adam, we don't have reliable resources, only ahl kitab and so it might not be right. why bother with this name? to ensure the purity of the lineage of the Prophet. Hadith "Allah has chosen kinana from the children of ismael and he chose Quraish from kinana and he chose ibn hisham from Quraish and he chose me from ibn hisham. Regaining the leadership of the House - remember that jurhum took the leadership from the children of ismael, then khuza'h took it from jurhum. (when jurhum got kicked out by khuza'h, they buried the well of zam zam and hid it.. it stayed buried until abd al mutalib). - Then Qusai ibn kilab (the 5th up from the Prophet) decided it was time to take back the leadership. He gathered teh people and they were able to defeat khuza'h. - Qusai had 4 sons and he wanted to give this right after him to his youngest sons because the others already had strength, bu they were upset and they fought for leadership. Arab habits - disliking females. they were considered less than men. - delaying the months. playing with the calendar kind of thing. On day of Hajj ar-rabia the Prophet said that today the calendar is set right. - worshipping idols. - humiliating women generally - period of mourning used to be one year. where she was not allowed to bathe or use perfume. they used to say that insects would die if they came near her. - step-mother used to be able to inherit by her son when the father died if he wanted to. - unlimited wives, no divorce or real marriage. - no women's shares in inheritance. Year of the Elephant - we already know that abraha was destroyed - when jurhum got kicked out of mecca, they buried zam zam and buried 2 golden deer that were inside kaaba inside of zam zam - abd al-mutalib saw in a dream the location of the well of zam zam. he started digging near kaaba and then the people saw he uncovered the well. The people said "you cannot control this - we will share it" abd al mutalib refused and they agreed to go to a wiseman. The rain came down right over abdal mutalib and the peopel knew it was just for him. Because of this honor, he swore to Allah that if he had 10 children, he would sacrifice #10. Abdallah came and he didn't wnat to do it - peopel siad he coudln't and he liked abdal mutalib. He drew lots worht 10 camels each until 100 camels to be paid for abdallah's life. Islam affirmed this price. Birth of Mohammad. 9th rab al awal 40 B.H. - some people think he was born on the 12th, however the hadith says he was born on a monday which was the 9th. - signs: ceasar saw a star. he gathered priests who said a messenger was born. also, his mother said she saw a light that reached to busra, the castles in syria. - monday, april 22, 571. corresponds. celebrating the birthday of the messenger. - is celebrating any birthday permissible. it's not a religious act, it's worldly. 2 opinions among the scholars. Some say it's ok because it doesnt' matter. Others say it's imitating the kuffar since they started it. - Following the sunna is not just doing what the Prophet did, it's also leaving what the Prophet left. - there is no evidence to do it. - some scholars clearly say it is bida, but sheikh isam avoids saying it's bida, but he still avoids it. 2-6-06 Muhammad is born on a monday - hadith about his fasting was the evidence. 9th of Rabi al-awwal. another opinion is the 12th. April 22, 571. - the glad tidings were given to his grandfather abdulmutalib so he took him to the kaba and he called him muhammad. - waht's the meaning of muhammad? - means one who is praised. - his father had passed away before he was born. - his mother nursed him for a week, then baraka, then thuaiba, the freed slave woman of abu lahab. thuaiba already nursed hamza ibn abdulmuttalib. then she nursed abu salama ibn abdilasad. (so ibn salama is his foster brother). Thuaiba stopped nursing him because they wanted the bedouins to nurse. halima assadia - arab babies used to get sent to the bedouin tribes to get nursed so that they become strong and learn arabic better. - She came to mecca with a gropu of women looking for children to nurse so that they could get paid. Nobody wanted to take muhammad because he was an orphan and the grandfather and mother wouldn't normally pay that well. Halima didn't have any child to take back with her so she said she would take the orphan out of pity. - She says she noticed the difference immediately - the milk would come forth when the prophet was nursing. When they carried the Prophet, her donkey who used to be in last place and then it became the fastest one. - also there was a she-camel at their house that was barren. it started to give milk. halima's husband said to her "it appears we have a blessed child. After two years, they have to give the boy back to his mother usually to get back to his mother. Halima didn't want to give him back because she feared losing the blessing so she went to convince amina who agreed. two more years passed, and halima changed her mind after the opening of the chest of the Prophet (saw). - when he was 4 and playing on the playground with halima's son abdallah, gibrael came to him and opened his chest and washed his heart in a golden and extracted a lump of flesh and said "this is the portion of Satan in you." - then halima brought him back to amina and said 'didnt I do my job?" and amina inquired a lot and then halima told her what happened. Amina said "I'm not afraid because I didn't even feel pregnant with him and I saw the lights of the castles of basra when he was born." - ash-shaima was the daughter of halima, she also breast-fed the Prophet. the death of his mother - she died on the way from medina to mecca in al-abwa. His mother is medinan. She died when he was six years old. umm ayman she was the abyssinian slave of the Prophet's father and then his mother. She was from habasha and her name is baraka. The Prophet freed her and married her to zaid ibn haritha (people used to call him zaid ibn mohd) - their son was called osama ibn zaid - the Prophet loved her very much. abdul mutalib grandfather, died when Prophet was 8. What is the wisdom of this? It made the Prophet patient, used to hardship, and also made him close to Allah. Also, Allah says that he sheltered Mohammad. (sura 3ala). Abu Talib took care of him. Abdallah and Abu Talib were from the same mother. The other uncles were from other mothers. He was not wealthy but he was close to the Prophet in blood. He noticed the blessings as well. 2-11-06 Before the Prophethood. Meeting with Baheera - abu talib used to take the messenger with him in this trips. why? he wanted the baraka. everybody who took the messenger with him noticed the baraka. The prophet was young at this time. like 12. They were going to syria one day when the prophet was 12. some miracles along the way (find them in the book). during the trip, they met a priest named baheera. - who is baheera? encyclopedia vol. 5 pg. 217 (which encyc?). he was a priest who used to deny the lordship of Isa and was kicked from the church. he was famous and never left his temple. when the prophet was riding by, baheera came out and the people were surprised. One narration says the Prophet went in, antoher says that baheera came out. Baheera said "who is his father?" and abu talib said "it's me." and baheera said "no his father should not be alive" and abu talib said "well I'm not his real father" and baheera said "I saw everything prostrating to him. keep him safe from the jews." then he saw the seal of the Prophets on him. and then he told abu talib and asked him to protect the mesenger from the jews so he sent him back to mecca. - this story creates suspicions - the kuffar say that baheera taught the Prophet the Quran. answer this: he met the prophet when he was 12. why wait 28 years to teach him Quran? also, baheera met him for like a few hours. that's it. Allah answers in sura nahl 16:103 that baheera was not an arab. Also, the Quran answered things that happened during the Prophet's lifetime? how did baheera know the future? working for people - he shepherded a flock of sheep. evidence? the hadith that "all the Prophets were shepherds." - it teaches patience and mercy the Youth of the Prophethood - he didn't drink alcohol, he didn't listen to music - Prophet said he didn't intend to do anything of jahiliya except twice and both times Allah prevented him. The first time was to go to a wedding and instead he fell asleep and the sun of the next day woke him. The second time, he tried to go back and he fell asleep again. afterwards, he knew that this was from Allah. - his private parts were not shown. this was more common back then because peopel didn't have a lot of clothes. also, people would make tawaf naked. Hilf al Fudul - details of this are mentioned in the book. - "hilf" means agreement. sometimes treaty or truce. can say hilf btw two countries. - one of the peopel form yemen came with merchandise to sell in mecca. Al-Aas ibn wael took some and promised to pay him later. Next day, the man came and demanded his money and al-aas said I wont pay you anything. so the man went to kaaba and cried out "I am oppressed here in this sacred house in this sacred city." some other peopel said that this isn't right that we have to do this man justice. so peopel met in the house of abdallah ibn judaam. We know his name is known because the Prophet siad "I was invited to a hilf in the house of abdallah ibn judaam and if I was invited again now, i would go" (meaning the terms of it are good). so they all agreed that the man needed to be paid. personality of the Prophet - he was known as al-amin - the trusthworthy one. 2-12-06 Khadija How did the Prophet (saw) meet khadija? two narrations. one is that she heard of his reputation and wanted to hire him. the other one is that the Prophet's uncle, abu talib encouraged the Prophet to ask her for work when abu talib heard she needed help. Either way, she hired him to work for her. she was the wealthiest woman in Quraish. she was also widowed. She was also from a noble lineage. so she was very desireable. wealthy, wise, good looking, lineage. the trip to syria. - she sent him wiht her servant maisara. she wanted to see if the miracles were true, that he was blessed and the clouds shaded him and stuff like that. - did he meet bahira again. now he has a chance to take Quran from him? no, not in that trip. it was not mentioned. maisara did not say anything. the marriage - maisara came back. khadija saw his honesty and trustworthiness. her business was very successful. also, maisara said he saw many things. so khadija loved him and she proposed to him. - how did she propose? one narration is that she talked to the Prophet directly. Another narration is that she sent a friend to ask the Prophet "why dont you get married?" and the Prophet said "I am poor, who would marry me." khadija's friend said "what about khadija? I will guarantee you she wil accept" and then the Prophet went to go ask his uncle. sheikh says orientalists who claim they had a love story is wrong. - he was 25 and she was 40. says it's ok. also the wisdom is that she was mature enough to help him through the dawah. - ibn ishaq narrated that once there was a rabbi who came to the women of Quraish and told them. some of the women laughed at the rabbi and through stones at him. khadija - her wali was her uncle. why do we discuss this? there are orientalist stories that say her father opposed the marriage, they had a love story, there was getting khadija's family drunk. - was khadija married before? yes, once (some narrations say twice). and she had two previous sons, hala and hind (girls names for boys) - she had six kids with the Prophet (saw). 2 boys and 4 girls. (one more boy with maria - ibrahim) the arbitration. - when mohd was 35 (5 years before prophethood), the kaba needed to be rebuilt because of a flood. they were scared to rebuild it because they thought Allah would punish. Al-aas ibn wael came to them and said "do you want to do good or evil?" they answered good so he said "nothing will happen to you" so they said "you go first" and he did it and they waited a day and when nothing happened, they all helped. - they ran out of "halal" money so they kept it a square instead of the full cradle of ibrahim. (later, abdallah ibn zubair built it to how the prophet described. and al-hajjaj bombed it to the ground. then rebuilt it the same way, then another wanted to rebuild it and imam malik asked him not to out of respect. - anyway, issue as to who gets to put the black stone in. they asked mohd because he was al-amin. he decided to put the stone on a cloth and have one person from each of six families carry the stone and he put it in. this is an example of people looking up to him as a leader. sponsorship of Ali - prophet offered hlep to his uncle abu talib so he was poor. abu talib said let me keep akeel. prophet took ali and al-abbas took jafar. zaid ibn haritha - he was travelling with his mothe rwhen a gang took him and sold him as a slave. hakim ibn hizam bought him and gifted him to khadija and eventually she gave him to mohammad. and mohd loved him so much that people used to call him zaid ibn mohd. he was the husband of umm ayman who nursed the prophet whom the prophet also loved a lot and their child was osama ibn zaid whom the prophet loved for being born to two people that he loved so much. signs of prophethood - he never prayed or prostrated himself to an idol. zaid ibn haritha said that he never did it. zaid ibn haritha asked him about it once. and he said not to do it. and then zaid did it to see what he would say. and the prophet said didn't I tell you not to do it? and zaid never did it again. people used to make tawaf naked. in the 9th year, the prophet asked ali to tell the people not to make tawaf naked. - going for the cave of hira and sitting for days. - true dreams. - Prophet said there was a stone that used to give me salams before i became the Prophet. I know where that stone is now. 2-18-06 second hadith in sahih al bukhari is the hadith of ayesha for this story. "the prophet used to sit in seclusion in hira for days. He would come and take some provision and then go back. one day gibrael came to him and asked him to read. Prophet said I cannot read. gibrael squeezed him (to let him know it's real and also an indication that it's the beginning of a difficult mission) and ordered him to read. 3x and then 5 ayats. the Prophet ran. he came to khadija saying "cover me up" and he was covered. (we learn that he wanted someone to comfort him. the lesson is that he was surprised - all the prophets experienced this especially musa. Prophethood is not a result of status, etc - it's a choice from God.) The reaction of khadija was that she was supportive. (she recognized his character. Here is the wisdom of khadija's age. She was mature enough to know he's not halucinating.) She said "Allah would not disgrace you" and she listed the things he did that he was good. (the Prophet was always good and khadija recognized that). this all happened on monday, the 21st of ramadan. layat al qadr was on this particular day. The opinions are that it was either 21st or 28th of ramadan and we think that laylat al qadr was on an odd day so we're like 70-80% sure it was the 21st of ramadan. We know that it was a monday because the Prophet said I started revelation on a monday. It could have been 14th too but that's not in the last 10 nights. Khadija took him to waraqa. he was knowledgeable in scripture and also he knew hebrew. He knew that he was the Prophet. and waraqa said nobody came with what you came with except that the poeple kicked him out. (the Prophet said he saw waraqa in a dream in paradise - ibn hajar even counts waraqa among the sahaba). most of the people in mekka were pagans. a few were hunafa. the meaning of hanif is to be bent from the straight path. The Prophet was also a hanif and also his slave. zaid ibn amr ibn nufayl, the uncle of Umar ibn al khattab. Once he didn't eat food because he felt it wasn't slaughtered properly. Sayeed ibn zaid, one of the 10 kuus ibn sa'ida was a hanif. he gave a really nice speech once that the prophet said he would never forget. umaya ibn abi sult ath-thaqafi - this man used to declare the unity of Allah in ta'if and he was expecting to be chosen as a messenger. he used to go into caves and write poetry about the oneness of Allah. the prophet used to even listen to it. when the prophet mohd was chosen, umaya disbelieved. The prophet said about him "his poetry believed but his heart disbelieved." the people of taif used to ask him didn't you say that a propeht was coming? and umaya said that I know that he is but I will not follow him. (are these people saved? the hunafa, yes. the pagans no because they are not excused. they were supposed to follow the message of ibrahim.) the wahy paused for a while. how long? in the book, it says 10 days and this is the strongest opinion. (sheikh says the wisdom in the gap is to prepare the prophet. give him some time to let that sink in). the wahy itself. the first wahy came as gibraeel in the form of a man. He used to look like one of the companions dihya al-kalby. That is one form. Twice, the Prophet saw gibraeel with 600 wings outstretched across the horizon. different kinds of wahy 1 - true dream 2 - whatever comes to teh heart and the mind of messenger 3 - as a man sees him and listens to him. 2-19-06 why did the wahi pause? so that he could take it all in. narration by ibn ishaq said "when the wahi paused, the prophet climbed the mountain and intended to kill himself" - it's not authentic because we believe the Prophet could not commit a major sin paused for 10 days. stages of dawa - 13 years in mecca, 10 years in medina. meccan stage = 3 years hidden, 7 years in mecca, 3 years beyond mecca. 3 years hidden stage the wahi comes again - (second time) - prophet heard a voice and he saw gibrael sitting on the horizon and then he got scared and ran back to khadija. then the wahi came "ya ayuhal mudathir" thus the first sura is al-mudathir - some issues of the translation. what is the meaning of thiyabaka (ayat 4 purify your garments). the entire sura is preaching about tauheed so what is all this talk of clothes? the other meaning of thiyab is heart. (2nd hadith in sahih al bukhari discusses revelation) first believers in order: khadija zaid ibn haritha ali ibn abi talib abu bakr as-siddiq (the narrations say they all believed in one day so the order doesnt' really matter. the shia make a big deal out of this saying ali was before abu bakr). notice that this group of 4 is really diverse. we have a woman, a slave, a boy(he was 10 in one narration), and a grown man. we learn from this that our dawah should be diversified as well - give dawah to all people. who comes next: othman ibn affan abdurrahman ibn awf sa'd ibn abi waqqas azzubair ibn alwam (a lot of these people heard the dawah of abu bakr - they were business people - we learn from this that we should be giving dawah to our friends. also, dont neglect to give dawah to high-class wealthy people as well. Prophet said the strong believer is more beloved to Allah than the weak believer and both of them are good. Lessons from this stage. start dawa with yourself and with close relatives and build slowly. make a strong foundation. some people in america want to give to everybody - people at the time got beat up and stuff. 03-11-2006 Stages of dawa We already talked about the first stage of dawah in mecca which was 3 years. Now we have the next stage of dawah which is 7 years. Why did he change the dawah? First, Sura 15:94. “proclaim openly…” Then, sura 26:214 – “and caution the close ones of your own people.” And then because of sura shu‟ara he stood on the mount of safa and told the people “if I told you there was an army on the other side of that mountain….” – what do we learn from this? Wisdom in using analogy to convince the people. Then he said “what if I were to warn you from fire?” and abu lahab said “woe to you, is this why you have brought us here?” and then sura lahab was revealed. 3 stories Abu lahab – Prophet was preaching at hajj. (We learn that we should be smart and target audiences). The Prophet would go around preaching to people, abu lahab would say I am his uncle and I know he is a liar. Abu jahl - He wanted to step on the neck of the prophet. He told the kuffar he would do it. Then he would get close and run away. And the kuffar asked him what happened and he said didn‟t you see the wall of fire around him? Prophet said if he had gotten closer, the angels would have burned him Uqba ibn abi mua‟it. He threw filth on the prophet while he was prostrating and the prophet remained prostrated until Fatima came and cleaned it off him. Also, he wouldn‟t help a man who was nice to the prophet so the man went and spit in the prophet‟s face. Ibn harith, one of the kuffar. His job was to wait until the Prophet finished talking to start another talk. He went and learned the stories of the greek and romans to distract the people. How should we react to non-muslims who mistreat us today? You don‟t deal with different people similarly. If the people are acting out of ignorance, then you cannot hold them accountable. Usually the Prophet was very nice to people and our religion is the religion of mercy, but he was firm with those that antagonized him on purpose. 3-12-06 Mention different ways the polytheists used to fight the Muslims and object to the dawa. Book – page 44-62. - they warned the pilgrims against the muslims. - Ridicule, slander, abuse, open harassment - Diversions: Dispersing crowds, nadir ibn harith used to tell stories. - Propaganda: said Quran was just dreams, written by others, written by himself, written by a jinn, folk tales, ancient stories, the result of seizures. Argument and quibbling. 3 main sources of argument: 1) day of judgment makes no sense (ubai ibn khalaf, the only person the Prophet killed, (in uhud) came to him with a bone and said “you claim that after we are dead, we will be resurrected?). Quran answers this: “what is more difficult to create, you, or the heavens that he placed above your heads?” 79:23. “do they not understand that Allah, he who created the heavens and the earth effortlessly, is able to resurrect the dead? Indeed Allah has power over all things” 46:33 “just as we began creation, we shall repeat it once again” 21:104 2) also, mortal prophet: Quran describes the Quraysh‟s confusion with “”what kind of messenger is this that eats food and walks through the markets?” (25:7) and also “they marvel that a warner has arisen from among them” (50:2). Quran answers: “ask them: who then revealed the book that moses brought?” (6:91). “true, we are men like you, but Allah gives His blessings to whomever he pleases.” Then the Quraysh thought that Mohd should be a man of status with 43:31, Allah responds: “”will they determine how to distribute the Mercy of your Lord?” 43:32. 3) unity of God. The pagans used to worship saints: “verily, those whom you pray to besides Allah are servants like you. So call upon them and let them answer, if you speak the truth” (7:194). “if you pray to them, they will not hear you. Moreover, if they did hear you, they could not answer your prayers.” (35:14) 3-18-06 The persecution Status of slaves was very low in Islam. You could kill a slave, no problem. There were also refugees. They also do not exercise the rights of citizens. Jiwar means protection. So if a tribesman gave his protection to someone, it‟s like diplomatic immunity. All these great believers went through severe tests. Why did Allah put them through this? To polish their iman. Everything after the initial persecution was easy. Examples: 1. bilal ibn rabah: Abyssinian slave of humaiya ibn khalaf. He‟s a slave from another land – he has no rights. He was tortured by being tied down to the sand at noon and have the stones on him. Sheikh says walking on that sand alone is torture enough. Then they used to tie a rope around his neck and let the children of Quraish drag him around. But where is he now? Jannah. 2. khabbah ibn al-arat: blacksmith. Slave. Female master. They used to heat the metal to burn his body. He asked the prophet 3. ibn masood – he wasn‟t a slave, but he was a shepherd. He‟s a worker so maybe more rights than a slave, but still low. He was the first to recite the Quran openly in mecca. The Prophet was with Abu Bakr. They saw ibn masood and asked for some milk. Ibn masood said I cannot I am entrusted. The prophet said give me a young euwe that has not had children. That sheep doesn‟t give milk so ibn masood didn‟t care. The Propeht wiped against its udder and drank. Ibn masood couldn‟t‟ believe this and then he accepted islam. The 4. zinneerah. Female slave of Omar before islam. He used to beat her until he tired and then he called on abu jahl to beat her. She lost her eyesight and they started making fun of her saying “our idols have punished you” so she prayed for her eyesight back just to show them and she woke up with eyesight but they still tortured her. 5. the family of yasir – sumaya and amr and others in their family punished and tortured and even killed by abu jahl and others. Abu jahl stabbed sumaya with a spear in her lower part and she died. She was the first martyr of islam. Prophet said “show patience yasir “ and your reward is paradise. Only amr the son survived – he lost his parents for nothing – only to say that they believe in Allah. 6. Abu thar al ghifari. Ghifar means a famous tribe. So he‟s not quaraishi. Eventually he believed and refused to keep it secret. He proclaimed that he was muslim and they beat him. Al-abbas said don‟t beat him because he‟s ghifari and you have business transactions with them. That bought abu thar like one day and they continued to beat him again. Back to abu talib Why would they go to him? 3-19-06 Another type of hardship. When the kuffar couldn‟t get anything from abu talib, they tried everything to stop islam. They went to abu talib and said your nephew disgraced our idols and gods so you have to stop him. He said no. They came back to abu talib and lost their patience. Abu talib feared that after some time, they might ignore his jiwar for his nephew. This would be a big disgrace for abu talib since he is a well respected man in Quraish. Abu talib went to prophet and asked him to stop and the prophet responded “if they put the son in my right hand and the moon in my left I wont stop” so abu talib saw his determination and prayed for him and wrote a poem “I will protect you as much as I can, I will not put you down, etc.” During that time, other things going on. Abu lahab – his uncle.. used to throw trash in his way. Then the Prophet‟s son died on top of all these things. So then the kuffar said to him that Allah cut him off. Then Allah revealed al-kauthur. You should know what all the names of the surahs mean. Musa‟b ibn Umair – he was a youth and he was very wealthy. Youth don‟t want to put themselves through hardship. People used to say they knew musa‟b by his unique brand of perfume. He was very much pampered by his family. Then he became muslim and his family tortured him. Sheikh said that what musa‟b went through is harder than the slaves. Surat al humaza. “woe to every backbiter and slanderer” – the surah it is talking about a kuffar - Umaya ibn khalaf. They eventually killed him. Surat al qalam. “you are not by the grace of Allah, a madman.” Also later on in the surah, do not obey your false oaths… also, later on Allah gives 9 descriptions of al-akhnas ibn shareekh – one of the kuffar that used to slander him. One of them, zaneen, the son of adultery. Al-akhnas was happy when he heard this because he knew the Quran has lied – then his mother admitted to him. “and obey not everyone who swears much” Surat al mudathir. Allah is talking about the father of khalid ibn waleed. Waleed ibn mugheera came to the Prophet and said “my nephew, (not really nephew, just being friendly) and said what do you want, do you want us to give you money, make you king?” and then the Prophet recited to him sura fusilat.” And then waleed went back to the people and said I have heard words that are not from a human being and the kuffar feared he would become muslim so then later waleed accused the Prophet of being a magician, etc. In this surah, Allah says “let me deal with who I created alone.” Allah says there are 19 guards for hellfire. When abu jahl heard this and made fun – there are only 19 guards. He said to the people, I will take care of 10 and you take care of the rest. All the ayah are short and then the last ayah is long as a response to him – they are not people, they are angels (sheihk says one of them can take care of the earth). At the end when Allah says “don‟t obey him” Allah is directly referring to abu jahl. And then he says let abu jahl call his entire club because then we will call our stuff etc. The first blood that was shed in Islam There was a lot of individual skirmishing but the Muslims were commanded to show patience and they were not given permission to fight. “do not recite out loud and do not recite in secret but something in between.” Some Muslim used to pray and tkuffar came to stop them so they fought and sa‟d ibn abi waqqas injured one of the disbelievers. He was the first muslim to fight one of the kuffar. He was also the first to shoot an arrow in the cause of Allah during the battle of badr. The House of Al-Arqam (dar al-arqam) A youth in the beginning of Islam. Al arqam ibn abi arqam. His father was known by his kunya. A youth is significant because he faced a lot of hardship to convert. The muslims used to meet in the house of arqam. This is the house where omar wanted to assassinate the Prophet. In this house, abu dharr took shahada. Few lessons we learn from this – youth can help a lot. Have secret meetings – very important to keep secrets. Planning – Prophet did not give dawa haphazardly. If you don‟t have a headquarters or a place to visit. Imagine if every arees class was at a different place or time every week. Torture is increasing. What do you do? Fight or show mercy or migrate? Revealation in sura az-zumar. “Spacious is Allah‟s earth.” So that gave the clue to migrate. 3-25-06 The First Migration (Abyssinia) After the first 3 years of open dawah, in the 4th and 5th year, the situation is getting more severe. If they fought, they would have died. Allah gave permission to make hijrah – “spacious is the land of Allah” (wa ardAllahi wahda) – muslims understood that they were allowed to leave. They went to Abyssinia – 12 men and 2 women or 10 men and 2 women. So 12-14 total. By Mecca, how do you get to Abyssinia? You have to cross with boats unless you go all the way through Egypt (which would take like 2 months). Crossing the water takes 3-4 days. They went to jidda and then to what was called shuaba and found people with boats who charged half dinar to cross. Najashi was ruling Abyssinia? So can a muslim take shelter from a Christian? At that time, yes. Also, najashi was a just leader and they were not being persecuted there as opposed to mecca. Quraish heard about this and they were furious. The attitude is like “you‟re our people, how dare you leave without our permission?” So the Quraish wanted to punish the Muslims. Things were generally very difficult for the Muslims but there was a very confusing incident. The Prophet was reciting sura najm which has a sura sujood. The Prophet bowed, but then everybody bowed too. All except one person, (abu jahl in a weak narration, but probably either waleed ibn mugheera or umaya ibn khalaq) who instead took some dates and put them over his head. The point is everybody did sujood. News went to Abyssinia that the kuffar became muslims so they came back (again, we learn the importance of verifying news). When the kuffar realized they did something horrible, they wanted to punish the muslims more by showing they did not respond to you. Utayda ibn abu lahab was married to one of the one of the daughters of the Prophet, (hudaifa?). He came to the Prophet said I don‟t believe in the Quran or the one who brought it. He kept harassing the Prophet until the Prophet prayed against him. shortly afterwards, he was eaten by a lion. Another incident. Abu bakr intended to leave Mecca and was leaving when a tribal leader, dughunna, saw him. The leader said to him “the one like you should not be cast out of his place. Go back and I will protect you.” The leader went to Quraish and said “I give my jiwar to abu bakr.” So then quraish wouldn‟t touch him. Then the Quraish complained so the person asked abu bakr to keep it down a bit. So abu bakr said I don‟t need it and the guy announced to Quraish that they didn‟t need it. Also, hamza was one of the strongest youth during that time. He accepted islam this way: one day he was out hunting and when he came back this lady said to him “abu jahl said some very harsh things to your nephew and he didn‟t do or say anything” and hamza was very aggravated and went to abu jahl and hit him in the head so that his head his bleeding and said “how can you treat my nephew like this while I am a muslim.” Then he thought, “what have I done? I‟m not really muslim” so he went to the Prophet and explained what happened and the prophet prayed for him so he accepted it. Then omar (ra) accepted islam. He was going to go kill the prophet and a man saw him and knew his intention and said “go back bc it‟s better for you to fight with your own family.” His sister had a little page of Quran, her name was Fatima who was married to said ibn zaid (one of the 10 people promised paradise). He said „what were you reading?” and she said nothing. Omar slapped his sister so hard that she was bleeding. Omar also beat up her husband. Finally, Omar said fine what do you have, I want to see it. Fatima refused until he cleaned himself. So he did it and then he came and he heard sura taha and he wanted to accept islam so Fatima brought him to dar al-arqam. The muslims got scared and hamza said “let him come”. Omar was so excited he went and told the town gossip. 3-26-06 Important incident Ayah 22:52 “never did we send a messenger or a prophet before you, but when he did recite the revelation or narrated or spoke, shaitain threw some falsehood in it. But Allah abolishes that which shaitan throws in. Then Allah establishes his revelastions. And Allah is all-knower, All-wise.” Be sure to read the tafseer of these ayats. Not for homework or testing, just to know. The story of Gharaniq (satanic verses) plural form of meaning black bird. But it refers to an idol. Many of the orientalists mention this story just like they love to mention the story of baheera. They say that when the ayah of sura najm was revealed, “have you seen lat and al uzza manta? These are the supreme idols and their intercession is sought. So when he recited this, kuffar said he never praised our gods before, so he prostrated and they prostrated with him! “ intercession is sought.” ‫غرانيك‬ ‫غرنىق‬ ‫ – “ تلك الغرانيك العال وإذ شفاعتهذ لترتجى‬satanic verse “these are the supreme idols and their There are some hadiths verifying this as well. Ibn Hajar even said it‟s sahih. Some scholars have said different things to explain this. Like shaitan added this and later gibrael removed it. Does this make sense? Sheikh says no, it contradicts a lot of things – how could the Prophet think this was part of the Quran. Ibn ishaq also thinks this story is authentic. Moving Along Omar (ra) used to fight them from morning until sunset. The narrator said they were like the flood who came to fight Omar. One day they decided to kill him, al-as ibn wael said that Omar was under his protection so they didn‟t kill him. Quraish wants to change strategy – some people are become muslims, some people are leaving mecca. They had tried bribing him, abusing him, killing muslims, so then the put a boycott on him. Question – a delegation of the Quraish went to the jews in madina asking them about Muhammad to see if he was really a prophet. The jews told him to ask about 3 things: the cave, the sprit, and about dhulkarnain. The Prophet said “I will give you the answer tomorrow” but he didn‟t say iA so the wahi was delayed several says and the kuffar was very happy. Finally, he got it. The question about the ruh is answered in sura isra. Also, sura kahf was revealed. Other ayat revealed This aya was revealed because the kuffar was saying “we will not sit with you while you have those kinds of people sitting with you” – the kuffar thought many muslims were too low classed. In particular, abdallah ibn maqtoom, a blind man. “and keep yourself (o mohd) patiently with those who call on their Lord, morning and afternoon, seeking his Face. And let not your eyes overlook them, desiring the pomp and glitter of the life of the world; and obey not him whose heart we have made heedless of our remembrance, one who follows his own lusts and whose affair has been lost.” Finally the kuffar decided to kill the Prophet but abu talib and banu hashim stood up for the Prophet. So then the quraish said find protect him but we will boycott banu hashim. This happened during the 7th year of bi‟tha, the 4th year of the second stage of dawa. This is in the book, page 99. 4-01-06 Boycotts: Abu talib and the entire tribe of banu hashim except for abu lahab stood up for the Prophet (saw) when they asked him to be turned over. So the Quraish instituted a boycott against banu hashim and muslims. Who wrote the boycott paper? Differences of opinion as to different people. The Prophet (saw) prayed against the person who wrote it and that person‟s hand was paralyzed. No trade, no marriage, no food, no shelter. It lasted 3 years starting with the 7th year of Prophethood on the first of Muharram. It was said you could hear the crying of the women of banu hashim. They used to eat the leaves of trees. What about the non Muslims of Banu hashim? They stood by the Muslims because of blood ties. Othman ibn mathoun – he was one of the immigrants to habasha and he came back thinking the Quraish had accepted Islam. He came and asked for jiwar and it was given to him. Once he saw that he was safe and that everybody else was suffering. So then this poet (before accepting Islam) wrote that “everything under Allah will vanish” and then Othman said “that‟s true” and the poet got annoyed. Then the poet said “and every pleasure will vanish” and Othman said “no that‟s a lie. The pleasure of jannah is every lasting” and the poet got angry and turned to Quraish and said “is this how you allow your poets to get treated? And so the Quraish beat him until his eye was bleeding. The man who gave him protection said “this would not have happened to you if you only you had left them alone” and Othman said “my other eye is in need of what happened to this one.” The worm ate the page of the boycott and left only the name of Allah (or ate the name of Allah and left everything else). The Prophet told abu talib who told abu jahl. 2 people at the same time decided they didn‟t like this and they thought “we are only 2 people what can we do?” so they got 3 more and five total. Then when abu jahl opened the kaba he saw it was done and all five people got up in succession and abu jahl said “something was plotted in the night” but regardless the boycott was finished. After 3 years hisham ibn amr and zuhair ibn abi umayah. Then mutim ibn adi. (*** know all five names for the test) Punishment It was said that the Prophet (saw) prayed to Allah to give Quraish a hard time similar to what the people of Yusuf had. So 7 years of drought and hardship hit them and finally abu sufyan asked the Prophet (saw) to invoke Allah to end it so he did and the hardship was ended. This is mentioned in the Quran in sura Duhkhan, chapter 25. Second Migration First migration was 10 men and 2 women or 12 men and 2 women. This time was 82 or 83 men and 18 women. The Quraish was furious. This was during the boycott. Leader was jafar ibn abi talib the first time and second time it was uthman ibn affan. Ubaidallah ibn jahsh (umm habiba). When her husband apostated, she was far away. When the Prophet heard about her, he wanted to marry her and he wrote to najashi and najashi paid the mahr. Quraish reacts by sending abdallah ibn abi rabiah and amir ibn al as to najashi and they both gave all the priests and bishops to support them. Jafar told him the benefits of Islam like you it enjons the good and forbid evil, it keeps kinship bonds. Then abdallah said “they say jesus is a slave” then jafar recited sura maryam and najashi cried. 4-02-06 The year of sorrow (sadness). Now that the boycott was over, it‟s a chance for the Prophet to do dawa the way he used to be there were more hardships. This was the 10th year of prophethood. The boycotts started in the 7th year and ended in the 10th. Abu talib after the boycotts was an old man, he wants to support and protect his nephew but he does not want to leave the religion of his parents and now he‟s just very tired. He got sick and people knew he is going to die. Quraish thought, if abu talib died without taking anything from him, that‟s a problem, since people will say that we‟re cowards waiting for abu talib to die before touching mohd. So a delegation from the Quraish went to abu talib went and tried to make a deal – “if he stops criticizing our gods, we will give him anything he wants.” (mohd didn‟t really bad mouth their gods, he would just say like they can‟t help you, etc etc) anyway, the Propeht (saw) said fine all I want from you in one word. Abu jahl was delighted and said “you have 10” and the Prophet said “all I want is for you to say la ilaha ilallah” and abu jahl said there‟s no use arguing with him. Then sura saad was revealed. On his deathbed, Mohd pleaded with abu talib to say kalima. He almost said it and abu jahl said “are you going to leave the religion of abdul mutalib” and he did not. Some shia say that abu talib died as a believer. It‟s mentioned in ibn ishaq and that al-abbas said he heard abu talib move his lips with these words. Against that, we have in sahih muslim that the punishment of abu talib is a shallow stream of hellfire. sura kasas – “you don‟t guide whom you love but Allah guides whom he wills.” The Prophet said that I could bear everything that the kuffar did to me until my uncle died. Then 1-2 months later, khadija died at 65. So no support from your uncle, no support from your wife. He went to taif. Third stage of dawah Outside of mecca. He went south to taif with zaid ibn haritha and met with three people from the leaders of taif. The three of them insulted the Prophet. The first one told him I will tear the cloth of the kaaba if you are the Prophet (this was a big deal to the pagan arabs too). The second one said, couldn‟t Allah find someone else to give the message to? The third one refused to talk at all – he just said “if you are a messenger I will not talk to you because you are too holy to talk to and if you are not then I don‟t want to talk to you because you are a true liar.” Then the Prophet said “at least don‟t tell Quraish” – he didn‟t want his tribe to get irritated with him for leaving the city, etc. The children through rocks at him until his feet bled and he left. This was the most difficult day for the Prophet (saw). We learned this from the hadith of Aisha where she asked him if the battle of uhud was the most difficult day for you? And he said no, the rejection of taif.” The servant of utbah or shu3ba was Christian from iraq and the Prophet said “you are from the village of my brother Yunus” and the sevant kissed his feet. And the master said “don‟t be deceived from this guy and the servant said he is the best thing on this world. The angel came to the Prophet and told him that God is ready to crush these people between two mountains the Prophet said no , maybe their children will be muslims. And they ended up all being muslim. The jinn – in the way bakck there were 6 or 7 of the jinn from nusaibeen. This is in the quran in surah ahkaf (the last page). If he entered Mecca, he will get killed. Al-akhnas would not give him jiwar (the beginning of sura qalam was revealed to refute him). finally, al mutim ibn adi gave him jiwar and he brought his men and told the Prophet to go and make tawaf. Abu Sufyan asked mutim if he is muslim or simply giving the Prophet protection. Mutim told him it was just protection and abu sufyan said “ok we will honor it.” 4-8-06 Antoher round with the kuffar Request for a miracle “they say we shall not believe in thee until you cause a spring to gush forth for us from the earth.” “or until you have a garden of date trees and vines, and cause rivers to gush forth in their midst, carrying abundant water.” “or you cause the sky to fall in pieces, as you said will happen against us or you bring Allah and the angels before us face to face.” Allah told the Prophet to respond “I am just a messenger, not the creator.” So the kuffar were happy and thought mohd is unable to challenge us and they felt as thought they had an advantage. But they didn‟t stop. They continued to challenge him. When the moon split pg. 112 Finally, they said “if you make the moon split we will believe in you.” It is said that one half of the moon as above mount safa and the other half was above another mountain. This is in the Quran in sura qama. Sheikh says there is a crack on the moon like a highway but nasa hides these pictures… um… They still didn‟t believe – they thought it was magic. Allah asked mohd – if you want I will destroy them like I did other nations. And Mohd said no. Al Isra & Al Miraj Details of this are in sura an-najm 4 or 5 ayats talking about miraj. The Prophet (saw) was sleeping in the house of Umm Hani, his cousin, the daughter of abu talib. Gibrael came to him with al-buraq. When did it happen? The textbook gives three opinions – many scholars mention 27th of rajab. The meaning: Isra means walking in the night. Miraj means ascending. Did it happen physically or was it all a dream/vision, etc.? It happened physically. “when he returned to his bed, it was still warm” also, if it wasn‟t physical, why was it a miracle. Al buraq – between a horse and a donkey. Moves with one step as far as the eye can see. 4-9-06 Isra & buraq continued. Was it physical or spiritual? We believe physical He was given the choice by Jibreel of water, milk, or alcohol? Mohd chose milk and he was told he chose on the fitrah and that if he chose water, his First heaven = adam Second heaven = Isa & Yahya Third heaven = Yunus Fourth heaven = idris Fifth heaven = Haroon Sixth heaven = Musa Seventh heaven = Ibrahim He was leaning on bait al-ma‟mud = like kaba in the heavens. 70k angels there until the day of judgment. He went ot the tree, sidrat al-mudrat something.. the leaves are like the ears of the elephant. He said the colors from the tree, I can‟t even describe. Did the Prophet (saw) see Allah? No, hadith aisha – she said whoever said Mohd saw Allah with his own eyes told a lie. Mohd said he only saw light. He said in the next life, we will see Allah as we see the full moon. Musa requested to see Allah. Allah told musa to look to the mountain and the mountain was crushed when Allah revealed himself to you. Prayer was ordained in the heavens as 50 prayers. Musa told Mohd to go back and lessen it. Reduced to five that count as 50 from the mercy. Did this take time? They say that one day in heaven is like 1,000 years. Day of judgment is 50,000 years. Some scholars said that time stood still during Isra. So the next day in Mecca and he first saw abu jahl. was the first person what the Prophet said. And the Prophet told him and abu jahl said “if I bring other people, will you tell them this?” he said yes and people were shocked to hear it. Abu bakr responded to skeptics – if he said it, it‟s true. And what‟s the big deal, I believe the wahi comes down from the heavens every day. The skeptics asked him “did you see our caravan then if you went to Jerusalem. He described it and told him when it would come, and which camel was first. Book, page 117. So after this, the people still didn‟t believe. Where should he go. He‟s been giving dawah in Mecca for 10 years. He would targeting gatherings – hajj & Suuk ukath (the competition of poets). 4-15, 4-16-06=test 4-22-06 First Pledge of Allegience. After isra, miraj, the best opportunity to give dawah was to the pilgrims. Now he was thinking of leaving. So he then he met some people from al-khazraj – six people. They lived in medina. The Prophet asked them “where are you from?” – proof that he used to give dawah to people he didn‟t know. The Prophet said “will you sit and listen to me, I want to talk to you.” And they said okay and they were astonished. They were ready to accept him. This is because of what the jews had already told him. Before this, there was a battle between the aws and the khazraj – the jews used to say (since banu quraidha was allied to aws and banu nadir and the other one were allied to khazraj) that a Prophet (saw) was coming and we will seek his help to kill you all. Those six people accepted Islam. The next hajj, 12 people from yathrib and gave a pledge of allegiance to the Prophet (saw). The terms of this are at the end of sura mutahim – things like don‟t associate anything with Allah, don‟t fornicate, don‟t steal, don‟t kill your children, etc. 9 were from khazraj and 3 were from aws. In medina, khazraj outnumber aws. Those few went back and converted 40 more of their people. They asked the Prophet for a teacher and he sent musab ibn umair, the rich kid who was tortured by his parents. Now he‟s a leader – the first ambassador in Islam. Asad ibn zurara, one of the leaders, was the first one to pray juma. He prayed with 40 people. This was even before the Prophet (saw). Asad‟s cousin, saad ibn muath, didn‟t like that islam was growing and said he would have killed asad if asad wasn‟t his cousin. He asked usayd ibn hudahyr to go talk to talk for him. He went to go and threaten Musab ibn umair who responded with “why don‟t you listen to what I‟m saying and if you don‟t like it, I‟ll stop.” Usayd listened and before musaib finished and he accepted Islam. Usayd went back to asad and tricked him – he said “there are people trying to kill your cousin” which was a big shame for saad ibn muath who was the leader of his tribe within aws. So he went and talked to musaib and accepted Islam. Finally, saad announced it and lots of people converted. The Second pledge 73 men and 2 women (page 123 in book) came for second pledge. Baiya al-aqaba – why there? Why not in mecca or in arafa? He chose mina so that people would see. Quraish stayed in the haram and they also thought arafa was for the non-quraishis. The content of the pledge was that these people promised to protect the Prophet (saw) like his family. Al-abbas, although he was not muslim, went to go see the pledge and make sure these people were serious because if the Prophet (saw) goes to medina, there‟s no coming back. Then another man, some say it was asad ibn zarara, before the pledge, took the Prophet‟s hand away and said “oh people do you know what you‟re going to do?” because they took their pledges seriously. And they responded, yes we know, take your hand away. Migration begins – abu salama left. The tribe where umm salama came from said we can‟t let you take our woman. For one year, umm salama goes to the borders of mecca and cries for her husband. Also, the other tribe said to umm salama, we wont let you take your son. So the whole family split up, just for the sake of Islam. Everybody migrated secretly except for Omar (ra) who said to the quraish openly, anybody who wishes their mother to lose them, come and follow me, I‟m going to medina. 4-23-06 The migration. Book, page 123 The kuffar had a meeting about all the new muslims springing up in medina. They had a meeting in dar an-nadwa for the 12 chiefs of Quraish. Shaitan sat with them. There is an ayah about their meeting in sura anfal “and remember when the disbelievers plotted against you to expel you or kill you or capture you or keep you alive until you die.” They decided that they have to kill the messenger. If one person killed the messenger, banu hashim would take revenge. So they would take one youth from each tribe and they would all 12 kill mohd at the same time and that way banu hashim would have to take 100 camels blood money. So then gibreel told mohd that he had permission to make hijrah. Mohd went to abu bakr in the middle of the day (at a time that was different from when he visited in order to make it secret) and said we have to make hijrah. Abu bakr cried from happiness and had two camels already prepared. (this is among the highest virtues of abu bakr (ra) – no other sahaba accompanied the Prophet (saw) although some sahaba may match abu bakr in other things.) Ali was asked to stay in the bed of the Prophet (saw). He asked ali because it needed to be secret. There was a risk that Ali would be killed without the kuffar checking who it was first. (this is like suicide and sometimes cited as a proof about suicide bombing). The kuffar came and surrounded the house of abu bakr at night and the Prophet (saw) came out reciting something from the beginning of sura yaseen. It shows you that whatever the kuffar bring you, you have Allah. So they left and went south even though medina is north in order to throw off the kuffar because they knew that ali would be discovered soon and the kuffar would come running to look for them. What arrangements did the Prophet (saw) make in order to migrate. He has the sheep from abd as-______, he had the food prepared by asma (who was called the owner of two belts because of this), he also had the non-muslim Bedouin guide (permission to seek help from trustworthy kuffar). The kuffar when they discovered the P was gone, they offered a reward of 100 camels. The kuffar went looking and they found the cave. Abu bakr said “if they look down, they‟ll see us.” And the ayah in sura tauba about abu bakr. This is proof that abu bakr is a sahaba – if you don‟t‟ believe that, you‟ve disbelieved. Anyway, they eventually left and traveled and stopped at umm muma3da who used to take care of the travelers. She didn‟t have any milk so he wiped the udder of a young calf and got milk. Her husband later asked her where she got it from – she said “some guy. Suraya ibn nayak who later became muslim. He was after this 100 camel bounty so he was chasing the Prophet alone. 3 times the horse stumbled so he could not catch him. He called out to him “stop I wont hurt you. Just give me something so that I do not tell the kuffar where you are.” The Prophet wrote on a piece of paper – “you will wear the bracelet of kisra.” They first stopped at quba. When they got to medina. Normally the trip takes 8-10 days. This took 14 days because of back routes, etc. Why didn‟t Allah just let him ride buraq again? We learn a lot from this trip. Allah didn‟t want people to complain to the Prophet that they suffered more than him.