hadith_2

Hadith studies Second semester 8-5-06 Biography of Imam bukhari. Mohammad ibn ismael ibn ibrahim ibn al mughirah ibn bardizba al-ju‟fi Born in bukhara in the year 194 A.H. Died 256. His grandfather (al-mughira) was a fire worshipper but he embraced Islam. Bardizba – the farmer or peasant. Bukhari‟s nickname was abu abdillah Title: ameer al mumineen al-hadith. In the southwest of khazakstan in Uzbekistan, that‟s where imam bukhari was born in the city of bukhoro. His father was a student of knowledge – ismael ibn ibrahim. Bukhari said “my father shook hands with abdallah ibn al mubarak and heard from malik ibn anas.” That was the first step to making bukhari the great sheikh. His father was a student of knowledge and her mother was very righteous. Bukhari lost his eyesight very young and his mother made dua for him to get it back until she saw a dream where prophet ismaeel said to her that his eyesight was returned because of her dua. Bukhari had a uniquely strong memory and started memorizing hadiths at age 10 after memorizing the Quran. He corrected his sheikh when he was 11. the name in an isnad. When he was 16, he went for hajj and stayed in mecca to seek knowledge. There he went back and forth between mecca and medina. They started narrating from him when he was 17. He was writing disagreements and the issues amongst the scholars when he was 18. In total, he had 1080 shuyookh. When he entered balkh, they asked him to narrate from all his shuyuk and he said he would give one hadith from each sheikh and narrated 1000. His sheikh al humaidi asked him to judge in a matter between him and another sheikh. When imam bukhari came, humaidi said “now we will know the answer.” Imam bukhari said “I memorized 100,000 sahih hadith and 200.000 daif hadith.” And his sahih collection was Yahya ibn jafar said “if I could add to the life of imam bukhari from my life I would have done that. For his death is the loss of knowledge and my death is the death of one man.” The story of Baghdad. Bukhari was going to Baghdad (the capital of the muslim world at the time) in order to study. They wanted to test him so they switched isnads and hadiths (both are correct just not matched). When the people asked him about the hadiths, he would reply to each one “I don‟t know this hadith.” – some half educated people might have thought man this guy doesn‟t know anything. When the people were done, he recited them back to the scholars, first the wrong hadith they mentioned and then the correct one. He memorized the wrong one as soon as he heard it! 8-6-06 After the incident of Baghdad, imam bukhari earned a lot of respect but also a lot of people became envious. Sheikh says it is the sunnah of Allah that you pay a price for your success. The Trial of Imam Bukhari The political influence of the Abbasi Dynasty. Many works of greek philosophers were translated into Arabic and it spawned new ideas and religious innovation. Major among them was the idea that the Quran was created. The idea was that the Quran was created since all things are created. The abbasid dynasty especially under al-Mamun didn‟t approve any scholar that didn‟t say the Quran was created. The question become the dominant philosophical debate and it was the reason whether scholars were imprisoned or not. So imam bukhari entered the city of Naisabul in where is almost Afghanistan. This was a famous city of knowledge where Imam Muslim and Al-Hakim, etc. studied there. So imam Buhkari was sitting there and in a congregation where he was teaching a man asked him “is the Quran created?” – he was just asking to cause trouble so Imam Bukhari ignored him and he asked again and finally the man asked 3 times so imam bukhari answered “the ink pages and sounds from our throats are created, but the words themselves are from Allah.” So he left naisabul and went back to his hometown of bukhara where a prince asked him to come to the palace and teach his kids. B responded that if they want knowledge, they come to me like any othe student. B understood the value of his knowledge. The prince made his life uncomfortable so he left his hometown. In bukhari‟s lifetime, he was rejected by his people. In Ramadan, he made a dua that this world is a spacious place yet it has become small for me so please take my soul. A few days later, the day before eid, he died. People said they saw pillars of light stretching to the heavens and they smelled perfume coming from his grave. They realized he was a true scholar and even his opponents came to his grave to ask for forgiveness. Another claimed that he had a dream where he saw the Prophet (saw) standing in jannah saying “I am waiting for the mohammad ibn ismaeel.” Other books of bukhari: Tareekh al kabeer Tareekh al sagheer Adab al mufrad 8-12-06 What was the reason he wrote sahih al-bukhari? He saw the Prophet (saw) in a dream and then he saw himself waving a fan over his face. He asked many people to interpret and people said it means he will purify the Sunnah. Ishaq ibn rahaway, his sheikh, said I wish if a book was written only about the authentic ahadith. It took him 16 years to write it. Every single hadith he added in his book, he made wudu, prayed 2 rakat and made istikhara over every single hadith. Name of the book? Six words: Al-Jamia as-Sahih al-Musnad min hadithi Rasul‟Allah wa as-Sunanihi wa ayamihi. Number of Hadith in Bukhari: 7,397 hadith marfu with repetitions. 9082 total hadith mentioned in the book including mawquf 1341 hadith marfu but it‟s muallaq includes repetitions. (that means there‟s another 300ish that are from companions) 2602 number of unique hadith without repetitions 2761 number of unique hadiths including mawquf without repetitions. 159 number of unique mawquf hadiths. (159 muallaqaat) Number of Chapters: 96 (the copy online has only 93 – the English copy has 93) Some editions have 97 chapters The first chapters is “the beginning of revelation” Second is the book of iman (should know the names of the books of sahih bukhari) First 8 or so are the same and then the English Edition adds “the book of the descriptions of the prayer” And then there is an omitted chapter “the virtues of the prayer” Added chapters in the English edition: Book of the descriptions of the prayer Zakat al fitr Omitted chapters in the English edition: Virtues of the prayer As-sahu. Chapter of laylat al qadr Chapter of sponsorship (like power of attorney) Disputes in transactions Book of mukaata (the book of the slave who buys his freedom) Al-jizya Number of shuyookh he took from: 289 (number of narrators in the first level that imam bukhari heard from directly) Repetition in Sahih al Bukhari Imam bukhari does not repeat for no reason – if you see the same hadith with the same chain of narrators one after the other, look again, there will be a different narrator or a different word. When he includes both, these are counted as two hadiths. A few times, he mentions the same hadith again for a different chapter for a lesson to be learned in that place. Example: the hadith of the lake of the Prophet (saw) in jannah. This hadith is mutawaatir. Imam bukhari mentions it in the book of hearts and also in the book of trials. Why in both books? It is in the book of hearts because thinking about the Day of judgment and being near the Prophet (saw) softens the heart, and also in the book of fitan because of the descriptions of those who will be turned away from the lake (the innovators). Another example: There is a hadith about poor people that ends in an ayah so imam bukhari repeated it both in the book of miskeen and the book of tafseer. There is a example of a hadith being mentioned 3 times – estimating the dates (mentioned in zakat, vitues of ansar, and military expeditions) – the hadith goes, the Propeht (saw) was going to the battle of tabuk and he saw a palm tree with dates belonging to a woman. So he asked the companions what do you think is the weight of those dates? The companions said probably about 10 awsook (ie they estimated the zakat) the he came back and said „these are the houses of my companions” Another example: “saying bismillah over food” is mentioned in the book of wudu? Why, because imam bukhari is saying I don‟t have an authentic hadith that meets my condition that says the Prophet (saw) said bismillah before making wudu so he‟s including authentic hadiths that said he said bismillah before everything else. Some scholars spend years just examining why imam bukhari mentioned certain hadiths in certain places. Reasons for mentioning hadith al muallaq There are two types of muallaq: what was mentioned with certainty and what was mentioned with doubt. These hadith are mentioned as not as a basic hadith, but as a supporting hadith. Whether this hadith came from an authentic chain. Or this hadith is authentic by itself but not according to his condition. Or this hadith is accepted. Or this hadith is daif but the scholars use it for fiqh, etc. In conclusion, nothing is rejected from sahih al bukhari. Examples: 1 – narrated ibn abbas that they used al-fatiha as ruqyah Did imam bukhari hear from ibn abbas? No, so it‟s muallaq. However, imam bukhari reports the entire hadith in another place so this example is verified by the other one. 2 – narrated aisha: the Propeht (saw) used to mention Allah at all times. This hadith is in sahih Muslim but it does not meet his criterion. But it‟s sahih 3 – the Prophet (saw) exected debt before the bequest of the deceased This hadith is mentioned in other books of sunan but it is weak. However, all scholars unanimously agreed that this is what should be done. Reason for narrating the hadiths from untrustworthy narrators Scholars criticized imam al bukhari for narrating from 80 narrators 1 – most of those narrators are teachers for imam bukhari. He sat with them, learnt from them and knew them. 2- most of these narrations that he narrated are few. How many hadith criticized in total? 110 out of 9082 8-13-06 Commentaries on sahih al bukhari Ibn hajar wrote fath al bari. 13 volumes, each one being about 700 pages. He spent 25 years 817-842 writing this book. This is one of the main sources of knowledge in Islam. Sheikh says if you have all the knowledge in fath al bari you probably know 40% of what you need to know about hadith. Imam al Ayni. Ayn al Qari. Sharh sahih al bukhari. Al-mugni is another pillar of knowledge. Seera alam al balagh (biographies of noble people – starts with the prophet (saw) First Chapter of Sahih al Bukhari - Book of revelation Why does it start with this and abu dawood and others start with fiqh? Because those are books of sunan and this is jamia. First hadith “actions are but intentions” – why is it here? What does this have to do with revelation? Is he saying his intention in writing the sahih is pure? He could have written the hadith first and then started the chapter. He is saying that the Prophet (saw) received revelation because his heart was pure. Al humaidi – his name was abdallah ibn zubair. He was a contemporary of imam shafi and sat with his sheikh, sufyan. How do you know it‟s not sufyan ath-thawri? It says so in fath al bari. Sufyan ibn uyayna Mohd ibn ibrahim at-taimi Alqamah ibn waqqas al-laythi Omar ibn al khattab So five people between imam bukhari and the Prophet (saw) – you count the numbers of people between the compiler and the Prophet (saw) when you count the number of narrators. Alqama said he heard Omar (ra) on the pulpit, yet he‟s the only one who narrates it from Omar. A lot of people heard this hadith, yet Omar is the only one who narrates it and then alqama is the only one that narrates it although many heard it. So this is considered ahad al-ghareeb. Narrated 'Umar bin Al-Khattab: I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions and every person will get the reward according to what he has intended. So whoever emigrated for worldly benefits or for a woman to marry, his emigration was for what he emigrated for." (the rewards of actions are based upon their intentions). Muhajjir umm al qays – the woman left mecca and migrated and there was a man who loved her and migrated for her sake. Imam shafi says this hadith involves 70 chapters of fiqh. This hadith is from Mecca – the shuyookh here lived in Mecca. the second hadith is from medina – notice revelation was in both places – how clever of imam bukhari. Second hadith Abdallah ibn yusuf – sheikh of bukhari Malik – imam malik Hisham ibn urwah (his father was urwa ibn zubair, the brother of abdallah, the son of asma) Urwa ibn zubair Aisha (ra) Al harith ibn Hisham Narrated 'Aisha: (the mother of the faithful believers) Al-Harith bin Hisham asked Allah's Apostle "O Allah's Apostle! How is the Divine Inspiration revealed to you?" Allah's Apostle replied, "Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell, this form of Inspiration is the hardest of all and then this state passes ' off after I have grasped what is inspired. Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says." 'Aisha added: Verily I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the Sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over). From this, we learn different types of revelation, also that it‟s hard on the Prophet (saw), the bell is the hardest, that the angels can take human forms, also that there were witnesses to revelation. 9-9-06 The beginning of revelation. Hadith #7 (#5 in the online abridged version – 2 are repeated) (the last hadith in the book of revelation) Abul yaman al hakam ibn nafi‟ Shuaib Az-zuhri Ubaidallah ibn abdillah ibn utbah ibn masood Ibn abbas Abu sufyan What if Bukhari mentioned “Abul yaman” or just “shuaib” – remember, in hadith studies, this is called “muhmel” meaning the name that is shared. In this case, az-zuhri is one of the most famous scholars, we can look up this students, shuaib is one of the most famous students of az-zuhri, shuaib ibn abi hamza. Also notable is that there are two sahabi in this chain. Narated By 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas : Abu Sufyan bin Harb informed me (ibn abbas) that Heraclius had sent a messenger to him while he had been accompanying a caravan from Quraish.(the leaders of Quriash like abu lahab and abu jahl had been killed and now abu sufyan was leader – he is telling a story as a muslim of what happened while he was a kafir) They were merchants doing business in Sham (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan), at the time when Allah's Apostle had truce with Abu Sufyan and Quraish infidels. So Abu Sufyan and his companions went to Heraclius at Ilya (Jerusalem). Heraclius called them in the court and he had all the senior Roman dignitaries around him. He called for his translator who, translating Heraclius's question said to them, "Who amongst you is closely related to that man who claims to be a Prophet?" Abu Sufyan replied, "I am the nearest relative to him (amongst the group)." Heraclius said, "Bring him (Abu Sufyan) close to me and make his companions stand behind him." Abu Sufyan added, Heraclius told his translator to tell my companions that he wanted to put some questions to me regarding that man (The Prophet) and that if I told a lie they (my companions) should contradict me." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah! Had I not been afraid of my companions labeling me a liar, I would not have spoken the truth about the Prophet. (From this we learn that the jahili arabs had a lot of pride about being truthful. Also we learn about the hatred for the Prophet (saw). The first question he asked me about him was: 'What is his family status amongst you?' I replied, 'He belongs to a good (noble) family amongst us.' (remember the Prophet (saw) said that Allah chose him from the best of lineages) Heraclius further asked, 'Has anybody amongst you ever claimed the same (i.e. to be a Prophet) before him?' I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?' I replied, 'No.' (why is heraclius asking Quraish? Why not the jews? Remember that during the truce, the Prophet (saw) sent letters to different leaders – he sent one to heraclius and heraclius wanted to know the truth) Heraclius asked, 'Do the nobles or the poor follow him?' I replied, 'It is the poor who follow him.' (the poor tend to follow a prophet before the rich since the prophet will give him justice.) He said, 'Are his followers increasing decreasing (day by day)?' I replied, 'They are increasing.' He then asked, 'Does anybody amongst those who embrace his religion become displeased and renounce the religion afterwards?' I replied, 'No.' Heraclius said, 'Have you ever accused him of telling lies before his claim (to be a Prophet)?' I replied, 'No. ' Heraclius said, 'Does he break his promises?' I replied, 'No. We are at truce with him but we do not know what he will do in it.' I could not find opportunity to say anything against him except that. Heraclius asked, 'Have you ever had a war with him?' I replied, 'Yes.' Then he said, 'What was the outcome of the battles?' I replied, 'Sometimes he was victorious and sometimes we.' Heraclius said, 'What does he order you to do?' I said, 'He tells us to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to worship anything along with Him, and to renounce all that our ancestors had said. He orders us to pray, to speak the truth, to be chaste and to keep good relations with our Kith and kin.' (notice that abu sufyan knows such a good summary of Islam as a non-muslim. Have we given proper dawah?) Heraclius asked the translator to convey to me the following, I asked you about his family and your reply was that he belonged to a very noble family. In fact all the Apostles come from noble families amongst their respective peoples. (Evidence of prophethood – why does Allah does this? Reputation is important) I questioned you whether anybody else amongst you claimed such a thing, your reply was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man was following the previous man's statement. Then I asked you whether anyone of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral kingdom. I further asked whether he was ever accused of telling lies before he said what he said, and your reply was in the negative. So I wondered how a person who does not tell a lie about others could ever tell a lie about Allah. I, then asked you whether the rich people followed him or the poor. You replied that it was the poor who followed him. And in fact all the Apostle have been followed by this very class of people. Then I asked you whether his followers were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing, and in fact this is the way of true faith, till it is complete in all respects. I further asked you whether there was anybody, who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and discarded his religion. Your reply was in the negative, and in fact this is (the sign of) true faith, when its delight enters the hearts and mixes with them completely. I asked you whether he had ever betrayed. You replied in the negative and likewise the Apostles never betray. Then I asked you what he ordered you to do. You replied that he ordered you to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to worship any thing along with Him and forbade you to worship idols and ordered you to pray, to speak the truth and to be chaste. If what you have said is true, he will very soon occupy this place underneath my feet (it happened in less than 10 years) and I knew it (from the scriptures) that he was going to appear but I did not know that he would be from you, and if I could reach him definitely, I would go immediately to meet him and if I were with him, I would certainly wash his feet.' Heraclius then asked for the letter addressed by Allah's Apostle which was delivered by Dihya (ibn khalif al kalbi, a sahaba – he was known for being handsome and Gibraeel used to come in his form) to the Governor of Busra, who forwarded it to Heraclius to read. The contents of the letter were as follows: "In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful (This letter is) from Muhammad the slave of Allah and His Apostle to Heraclius the ruler of Byzantine. Peace be upon him, who follows the right path. Furthermore I invite you to Islam, and if you become a Muslim you will be safe, and Allah will double your reward (there‟s a hadith that outlines that the reward of 3 are doubled and one of them is he who believed in his prophet and then in Mohd saw), and if you reject this invitation of Islam you will be committing a sin by misguiding your Arisiyin (peasants). (And I recite to you Allah's Statement:) 'O people of the scripture! Come to a word common to you and us that we worship none but Allah and that we associate nothing in worship with Him, and that none of us shall take others as Lords beside Allah. Then, if they turn away, say: Bear witness that we are Muslims (those who have surrendered to Allah).' (3:64). Abu Sufyan then added, "When Heraclius had finished his speech and had read the letter, there was a great hue and cry in the Royal Court. (He was considering following the Prophet (saw) and there was a big uproar – one of the bishops there believed and he was killed immediately) So we were turned out of the court. I told my companions that the question of Ibn-Abi-Kabsha) (the Prophet Muhammad) (this is a style in Arabic that if you want to disrespect someone, you call them the son of one of their unknown grandfathers – abi kabsha is an unknown grandfather of the son of haleema, the Prophet‟s (saw) wet nurse) has become so prominent that even the King of Bani Al-Asfar (Byzantine) is afraid of him. Then I started to become sure that he (the Prophet) would be the conqueror in the near future till I embraced Islam (i.e. Allah guided me to it)." The sub narrator adds, "Ibn An-Natur was the Governor of ilya' (Jerusalem) and Heraclius was the head of the Christians of Sham. Ibn An-Natur narrates that once while Heraclius was visiting ilya' (Jerusalem), he got up in the morning with a sad mood. Some of his priests asked him why he was in that mood? Heraclius was a foreteller and an astrologer. He replied, 'At night when I looked at the stars, I saw that the leader of those who practice circumcision had appeared (become the conqueror). Who are they who practice circumcision?' The people replied, 'Except the Jews nobody practices circumcision, so you should not be afraid of them (Jews). 'Just Issue orders to kill every Jew present in the country.' While they were discussing it, a messenger sent by the king of Ghassan to convey the news of Allah's Apostle to Heraclius was brought in. Having heard the news, he (Heraclius) ordered the people to go and see whether the messenger of Ghassan was circumcised. The people, after seeing him, told Heraclius that he was circumcised. Heraclius then asked him about the Arabs. The messenger replied, 'Arabs also practice circumcision.' (After hearing that) Heraclius remarked that sovereignty of the 'Arabs had appeared. Heraclius then wrote a letter to his friend in Rome who was as good as Heraclius in knowledge. Heraclius then left for Homs. (a town in Syrian and stayed there till he received the reply of his letter from his friend who agreed with him in his opinion about the emergence of the Prophet and the fact that he was a Prophet). On that Heraclius invited all the heads of the Byzantines to assemble in his palace at Homs. When they assembled, he ordered that all the doors of his palace be closed. Then he came out and said, 'O Byzantines! If success is your desire and if you seek right guidance and want your empire to remain then give a pledge of allegiance to this Prophet (i.e. embrace Islam).' (On hearing the views of Heraclius) the people ran towards the gates of the palace like onagers but found the doors closed. Heraclius realized their hatred towards Islam and when he lost the hope of their embracing Islam, he ordered that they should be brought back in audience. (When they returned) he said, 'What already said was just to test the strength of your conviction and I have seen it.' The people prostrated before him and became pleased with him, and this was the end of Heraclius's story (in connection with his faith). Chapter 2 sahih al bukhari Kitab al Iman One of the issues is how to define Iman. Scholars of ahl al-sunnah differ from other sects on what iman includes. Many deviant sects claimed that iman does not increase or decrease. So Imam bukhari set out to disprove that by including many hadiths in addition to hadiths that tell you how to increase or decrease your iman. Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "Faith (Belief) consists of more than sixty branches (i.e. parts). And Haya (This term "Haya" covers a large number of concepts which are to be taken together; amongst them are self respect, modesty, bashfulness, and scruple, etc.) is a part of faith." In Sahih bukhari there are 464 hadiths from abu hurairah. What do we learn form this hadith? Iman varies and increases / decreases. It‟s not a question of simply believing or not. Ibn hajar in fath al bari listed 60 branches. Scholars of ahl al sunnah called iman “saying and actions” – we have actions of the hearts, actions of the tongue (because it‟s sayings too) , also actions of the body. Ibn hajar listed 24 actions of the heart, 7 actions of the tongue, 38 actions of the body totaling 69: Belief in Allah (including attributes), belief in angels, books, day of J, punishment of the grave, love and hate for the sake of Allah, loving the Prophet (saw), repetentance, fear, hope, grateful to Allah, patience, reliance on Allah, mercy, humbleness. Tongue: saying word of Tawhee, reciting Quran, dua, istighfar Body: purification, covering awrah, prayer, freeing slaves, giving charity, tawaf, joining kinship, being just, obeying the people of authority, enjoining good forbidding evil, jihad, spending lawfully, saying salam, In another narration, it is said iman consists of 70-something. Bukhari lists the 60-something. Why do we have 2 different numbers? Some scholars said that the Prophet (saw) said it twice since later, there were more injunctions, etc. some said the correct number is 60 and the 70 narrator was mistaken. What is the highest branch of iman? In sahih muslim it says that you say la ilaha ilallah. Lowest = removing a harmful thing from the road. Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: The Prophet said, "When the people of Paradise will enter Paradise and the people of Hell will go to Hell, Allah will order those who have had faith equal to the weight of a grain of mustard seed to be taken out from Hell. So they will be taken out but (by then) they will be blackened (charred). Then they will be put in the river of Haya' (rain) or Hayat (life) (the Narrator is in doubt as to which is the right term), and they will revive like a grain that grows near the bank of a flood channel. Don't you see that it comes out yellow and twisted" We learn that muslims may eventually be punished. We learn from this hadith that muslims will eventually go to paradise. We learn there are levels of faith – some have as small as a mustard seed. We learn there is a river in paradise called the river of life (or rain) Narrated Sa'd: Allah's Apostle distributed (Zakat) amongst (a group of) people while I was sitting there but Allah's Apostle left a man whom I thought the best of the lot. I asked, "O Allah's Apostle! Why have you left that person? By Allah I regard him as a faithful believer." The Prophet commented: "Or merely a Muslim." I remained quiet for a while, but could not help repeating my question because of what I knew about him. And then asked Allah's Apostle, "Why have you left so and so? By Allah! He is a faithful believer." The Prophet again said, "Or merely a Muslim." And I could not help repeating my question because of what I knew about him. Then the Prophet said, "O Sa'd! I give to a person while another is dearer to me, for fear that he might be thrown on his face in the Fire by Allah." We learn there is a difference between Islam and Iman. For the muslim, the islam means actions of the body and iman means actions of the heart. For non-muslims, it‟s the same thing, you don‟t have either islam or iman. Sa‟d (ibn abi waqqas) thought this man was a mu‟min so he questioned the Prophet (saw) and the Prophet saw basically said that he fears for some people‟s faith. This shows that people are not all equal in iman – if they were, the Prophet would give all equally. We learn that people can be given money who are new to Islam. Remember in Quran people who are new to Islam are valid recipients of zakat. Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: The Prophet said: "I was shown the Hell-fire and that the majority of its dwellers were women who were ungrateful." It was asked, "Do they disbelieve in Allah?" (or are they ungrateful to Allah?) He replied, "They are ungrateful to their husbands and are ungrateful for the favors and the good (charitable deeds) done to them. If you have always been good (benevolent) to one of them and then she sees something in you (not of her liking), she will say, 'I have never received any good from you." Does this mean men and women are not equal? No, it‟s not that women are worse than men. Some people say it is because there are more women than men so naturally, you will find more dwellers in hellfire. We learn this is a lesson for women to be grateful to their husbands. What does this have to with Iman? The Prophet was asked “do they disbelieve in Allah?” and the Prophet replied that they are ungrateful showing that being ungrateful is something that negates iman 9-16-06 Chapter 3: the book of knowledge Why did imam bukhari make chapter 3 the book of knowledge? Knowledge is the basis of our religion. Imam bukhari‟s intro to this chapter (not in the English): - The virtue of knowledge and the saying of Allah “Allah will exalt those who believe among you, and those who have knowledge, to high ranks” - And his saying “say: O my Lord, increase me in knowledge” So imam bukhari cites this ayah and then he makes the first two chapters after revelation iman and knowledge. Narrated Abu Huraira: While the Prophet was saying something in a gathering, a Bedouin came and asked him, "When would the Hour (Doomsday) take place?" Allah's Apostle continued his talk, so some people said that Allah's Apostle had heard the question, but did not like what that Bedouin had asked. Some of them said that Alllah's Apostle had not heard it. When the Prophet finished his speech, he said, "Where is the questioner, who enquired about the Hour (Doomsday)?" The Bedouin said, "I am here, O Allah's Apostle ." Then the Prophet said, "When the trust (amana) is lost, then wait for the Hour (Doomsday)." The Bedouin said, "How will that be lost?" The Prophet said, "When the power or authority comes in the hands of unfit persons, then wait for the Hour (Doomsday.)" The man was a bedouin, that‟s why the Prophet did not reprimand him for interrupting. The Prophet asked for the man to be brought to him – it shows he cares. Once he was giving a khutbah when a man came to him talking about how there is no rain, etc. in the middle of the khutbah. The Prophet (saw) addressed him right then and there. The Bedouin asked “how will the amana be lost” – it shows that if we don‟t‟ understand something, we ask. Notice this is like the advice of ibn hazm. Lots of things to learn in here about the ethics of gatherings. Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Apostle said, "Amongst the trees, there is a tree, the leaves of which do not fall and is like a Muslim. Tell me the name of that tree." Everybody started thinking about the trees of the desert areas. And I thought of the date-palm tree but felt shy to answer the others then asked, "What is that tree, O Allah's Apostle ?" He replied, "It is the date-palm tree." Ibn omar knew the answer, but he didn‟t answer because he was shy – he was shy because he was youngest in the gathering. Knowledge is not based on age, the youngest knew the answer. Even Omar (ra) was there. Ibn Omar didn‟t answer because he was respectful of the elders who got the answer wrong. Virtue of the palm tree. How is it like a muslim? Every part of the palm is beneficial. The leaves do not wilt in the winter, the sticks are useful, the trunks make walls, the seeds of the dates are crushed to feed animals. Hadith 109 (110) bukhari Makki ibn ibrahim Yazid ibn abi ubaid salamah Mohammad (saw) Only 3 people between the Prophet (saw) and bukhari. This is the first in bukhari like this. Only 22 in the sahih just like this. Bukhari was born 194. Makki was one of the oldest shuyookh of bukhari. Yazid was a tabi‟ because he met with salamah. Who was salamah – he was the one who took the oath of hudaibiyya 3 times. They said he was faster than a camel, he was the fastest sahaba. It‟s amazing that this is only 3 narrators. Tirmidhi has only 1 hadith with 3 narrators. Nisa‟i has zero like this. This hadith is mutawatir: Narrated Salama: I heard the Prophet saying, "Whoever (intentionally) ascribes to me what I have not said then (surely) let him occupy his seat in Hell-fire." Narrated Abu Huraira: There is none among the companions of the Prophet who has narrated more Hadiths than I except 'Abdallah bin Amr (bin Al-'As) who used to write them and I never did the same. This hadith teaches the importance of writing. Permissibility of writing the hadith. Book of wudu Book of ghusl Book of menses Book of tayammum Narrated 'Aisha: (the wife of the Prophet) We set out with Allahs Apostle on one of his journeys till we reached Al-Baida' or Dhatul-Jaish, a necklace of mine was broken (and lost). Allah's Apostle stayed there to search for it, and so did the people along with him. There was no water at that place, so the people went to Abu- Bakr AsSiddiq and said, "Don't you see what 'Aisha has done? She has made Allah's Apostle and the people stay where there is no water and they have no water with them." Abu Bakr came while Allah's Apostle was sleeping with his head on my thigh, He said, to me: "You have detained Allah's Apostle and the people where there is no water and they have no water with them. So he admonished me and said what Allah wished him to say and hit me on my flank with his hand. Nothing prevented me from moving (because of pain) but the position of Allah's Apostle on my thigh. Allah's Apostle got up when dawn broke and there was no water. So Allah revealed the Divine Verses of Tayammum. So they all performed Tayammum. Usaid bin Hudair said, "O the family of Abu Bakr! This is not the first blessing of yours." Then the camel on which I was riding was caused to move from its place and the necklace was found beneath it. See what a good husband the Prophet (saw) was? He didn‟t tell aisha to not hold up the whole army, etc. We learn the status of aisha, how she treated her husband The mercy of Allah. Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: The Prophet said, "I have been given five things which were not given to any one else before me. 1. Allah made me victorious by awe, (by His frightening my enemies) for a distance of one month's journey. 2. The earth has been made for me (and for my followers) a place for praying and a thing to perform Tayammum, therefore anyone of my followers can pray wherever the time of a prayer is due. 3. The booty has been made Halal (lawful) for me yet it was not lawful for anyone else before me. 4. I have been given the right of intercession (on the Day of Resurrection). 5. Every Prophet used to be sent to his nation only but I have been sent to all mankind. 9-17-06 The book of athan Narrated Anas bin Malik: When the number of Muslims increased they discussed the question as to how to know the time for the prayer by some familiar means. Some suggested that a fire be lit (at the time of the prayer) and others put forward the proposal to ring the bell. Bilal was ordered to pronounce the wording of Adhan twice and of the Iqama once only. Early in Islam there was no adhan because they number of muslims were few and they did not pray in congregation. Adhan is unique – the bell is like what Christians use. Where did it come from? Abdallah ibn zayd saw it in a dream. Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever after listening to the Adhan says, 'Allahumma Rabba hadhihi-d-da' watittammati was-salatil qa'imati, ati Muhammadan al-wasilata wal-fadilata, wab' athhu maqaman mahmudanil-ladhi wa' adtahu (O Allah! Lord of this perfect call (of not ascribing partners to You) and of the regular prayer which is going to be established! Kindly give Muhammad the right of intercession and superiority and send him (on the Day of Judgment) to the best and the highest place in Paradise which You promised him)', then intercession for me will be permitted for him on the Day of Resurrection"). So how many things do you say during / after adhan: - listen - repeat after adhan - allahumma Sali Allah Muhammad - this dua Narrated Malik bin Huwairth: I came to the Prophet with some men from my tribe and stayed with him for twenty nights. He was kind and merciful to us. When he realized our longing for our families, he said to us, "Go back and stay with your families and teach them the religion, and offer the prayer and one of you should pronounce the Adhan for the prayer when its time is due and the oldest one amongst you should lead the prayer." Lessons from this hadith: - Teach others religion - Traveling to seek knowledge is recommended - prayer is fard - in this group, the oldest should lead - kindness to guests - one person makes adhan, not more than one - adhan is when the time is due - different one calls adhan than leader of prayer - etc etc etc Narrated Abu Dhar: We were in the company of the Prophet on a journey and the Mu'adhdhin wanted to pronounce the Adhan for the (Zuhr) prayer. The Prophet said to him, "Let it become cooler." Then he again wanted to pronounce the Adhan but the Prophet; said to him, "Let it become cooler." The Mu'adh-dhin again wanted to pronounce the Adhan for the prayer but the Prophet said, "Let it become cooler," till the shadows of the hillocks become equal to their sizes. The Prophet added, "The severity of the heat is from the raging of Hell." Lessons: Permissibility of delaying zuhr Permissibility of delaying adhan If it‟s too hot, delay the prayer a bit Proof that hellfire exists The book of witr prayer Narrated Ibn Umar: Once a person asked Allah's Apostle about the night prayer. Allah's Apostle replied, "The night prayer is offered as two Rakat followed by two Rakat and so on and if anyone is afraid of the approaching dawn (Fajr prayer) he should pray one Raka and this will be a Witr for all the Rakat which he has prayed before." Nafi' told that 'Abdullah bin 'Umar used to say Taslim between (the first) two Rakat and (the third) odd one in the Witr prayer, when he wanted to attend to a certain matter (during that interval between the Rakat). Narrated Said bin Yasar: I was going to Mecca in the company of 'Abdullah bin 'Umar and when I apprehended the approaching dawn, I dismounted and offered the Witr prayer and then joined him. 'Abdullah bin 'Umar said, "Where have you been?" I replied, "I apprehended the approaching dawn so I dismounted and prayed the Witr prayer." 'Abdullah said, "Isn't it sufficient for you to follow the good example of Allah's Apostle?" I replied, "Yes, by Allah." He said, "Allah's Apostle used to pray Witr on the back of the camel (while on a journey)." Narrated Abdallah ibn umar: in the lifetime of the Prophet whosoever saw a dream would narrate it to the Prophet. I had the wish to narrate it to Allah‟s apostle. I was a grown up boy and used to sleep in the mosque in the life-time of the Prophet. I saw in the dream that two angles caught hold of me and took me to the fire which was built all around like a built well and had two poles in it and the people in it were known to me. I started saying “I seek refuge with Allah from fire.” Then I met another angel who tld me not to be afraid. I narrated the dream to hafsa who told it to Allah‟s apostle. The Prophet said “abdallah is a good man. I wish he prayed tahajjud. After that, abdallah used to sleep little at night.” 9-23-06 The book of oppressions Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: Allah's Apostle said, "When the believers pass safely over (the bridge across) Hell, they will be stopped at a bridge in between Hell and Paradise where they will retaliate upon each other for the injustices done among them in the world, and when they get purified of all their sins, they will be admitted into Paradise. By Him in Whose Hands the life of Muhammad is everybody will recognize his dwelling in Paradise better than he recognizes his dwelling in this world." Though the translation is not clear, it refers to the Muslims that were in Hell and are taken out. Hell is there to purify you, so why the need for being on the bridge (the kantara). Hell is for the sins against the rights of Allah, this is for the rights of people against each other. “everybody will recognize his dwelling place” – in paradise you know where you‟re going. This hadith is warning against injustices committed against each other. The Prophet said in tirmidhi “Fear Allah wherever you are and follow a bad deed with a good deed, it will erase it, and deal with people in a good manner.” There might be some injustices that are forgiven by Allah. But the kind of thing where you kill somebody, this will be taken care of here. This tunnel is different from sirat that all people have to cross over. The sirat is over hellfire. This tunnel is after the sirat and right before jannah. Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever has oppressed another person concerning his reputation or anything else, he should beg him to forgive him before the Day of Resurrection when there will be no money (to compensate for wrong deeds), but if he has good deeds, those good deeds will be taken from him according to his oppression which he has done, and if he has no good deeds, the sins of the oppressed person will be loaded on him." You should “beg” for forgiveness from the person. The repentance to Allah will not help you with this, the person has to forgive you. “when there will be no money” – don‟t be stingy now, hasanat > money. No money on the day of judgment either. The book of the merits of the companions Narrated 'Aisha: (the wife of the Prophet) Allah's Apostle died while Abu Bakr was at a place called As-Sunah (Al-'Aliya) 'Umar stood up and said, "By Allah! Allah's Apostle is not dead!" 'Umar (later on) said, "By Allah! Nothing occurred to my mind except that." He said, "Verily! Allah will resurrect him and he will cut the hands and legs of some men." Then Abu Bakr came and uncovered the face of Allah's Apostle, kissed him and said, "Let my mother and father be sacrificed for you, (O Allah's Apostle), you are good in life and in death. By Allah in Whose Hands my life is, Allah will never make you taste death twice." Then he went out and said, "O oath-taker! Don't be hasty." When Abu Bakr spoke, 'Umar sat down. Abu Bakr praised and glorified Allah and said, No doubt! Whoever worshipped Muhammad, then Muhammad is dead, but whoever worshipped Allah, then Allah is Alive and shall never die." Then he recited Allah's Statement.:-"(O Muhammad) Verily you will die, and they also will die." (39.30) He also recited:-"Muhammad is no more than an Apostle; and indeed many Apostles have passed away, before him, If he dies Or is killed, will you then Turn back on your heels? And he who turns back On his heels, not the least Harm will he do to Allah And Allah will give reward to those Who are grateful." (3.144) The people wept loudly, and the Ansar were assembled with Sad bin 'Ubada in the shed of Bani Saida. They said (to the emigrants). "There should be one 'Amir from us and one from you." Then Abu Bakr, Umar bin Al-Khattab and Abu 'baida bin Al-Jarrah went to them. 'Umar wanted to speak but Abu Bakr stopped him. 'Umar later on used to say, "By Allah, I intended only to say something that appealed to me and I was afraid that Abu Bakr would not speak so well. Then Abu Bakr spoke and his speech was very eloquent. He said in his statement, "We are the rulers and you (Ansars) are the ministers (i.e. advisers)," Hubab bin Al-Mundhir said, "No, by Allah we won't accept this. But there must be a ruler from us and a ruler from you." Abu Bakr said, "No, we will be the rulers and you will be the ministers, for they (i.e. Quarish) are the best family amongst the 'Arabs and of best origin. So you should elect either 'Umar or Abu 'Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah as your ruler." 'Umar said (to Abu Bakr), "No but we elect you, for you are our chief and the best amongst us and the most beloved of all of us to Allah's Apostle." So 'Umar took Abu Bakr's hand and gave the pledge of allegiance and the people too gave the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr. Someone said, "You have killed Sad bin Ubada." 'Umar said, "Allah has killed him." 'Aisha said (in another narration), ("When the Prophet was on his death-bed) he looked up and said thrice, (Amongst) the Highest Companion (See Qur'an 4.69)' Aisha said, Allah benefited the people by their two speeches. 'Umar frightened the people some of whom were hypocrites whom Allah caused to abandon Islam because of 'Umar's speech. Then Abu Bakr led the people to True Guidance and acquainted them with the right path they were to follow so that they went out reciting:-- "Muhammad is no more than an Apostle and indeed many Apostles have passed away before him.." (3.144) When the Prophet (saw) died, Abu Bakr was leading the prayers, the Prophet (saw) came out and prayed, and went back and that was the last prayer. Omar (ra) said “maybe he will come and kill some people” – he‟s referring to the apostates bc some people thought that now that the Prophet (saw) is dead, Islam is finished. Abu bakr was a true believer – his words may seem easy, but he was the close friend of Muhammad (saw) for 23 years. Then these ayahs that abu bakr recited. Why were they revealed during mohd‟s life? Remember uhud, people thought the prophet was dead. When abu bakr heard that ansar were gathering, he went out with Omar (ra). The ansar initially wanted to appoint an amir from the ansar (even though the narration of imam bukhari mentions only the second step) Umar disagreed and said “no, abu bakr you are the best amongst us” – what is the proof for this. Prophet said if he wanted to take a khalil, it would have been abu bakr. Also, a woman asked the Prophet a question and he told her to come back in a year, she said what if I don‟t find you, he said, then find abu bakr. You have killed sa‟d ibn ubada. Umar said “allah has killed him” – when the Prophet (saw) was sick, sa‟d ibn ubada was sick also, and the ansar wanted him to be the khalifa after the Prophet (saw), surely he was worthy but he was not from Quraish so it would have created fitna. The man was not dead, so was Omar praying for him to die? Is it permissible to pray against your Muslim brother. (When ibn abbas said about a man who said something giving an incorrect fatwa, ibn abbas responded, he told a lie, the enemy of Allah. The meaning is not to indicate that this man is really the enemy of Allah, he is trying to teach him not to speak without knowledge) 9-30-06 The book of patients Teaches you what to do with your sickness: Narrated 'Ata bin Abi Rabah: Ibn 'Abbas said to me, "Shall I show you a woman of the people of Paradise?" I said, "Yes." He said, "This black lady came to the Prophet and said, 'I get attacks of epilepsy and my body becomes uncovered; please invoke Allah for me.' The Prophet said (to her), 'If you wish, be patient and you will have (enter) Paradise; and if you wish, I will invoke Allah to cure you.' She said, 'I will remain patient,' and added, 'but I become uncovered, so please invoke Allah for me that I may not become uncovered.' So he invoked Allah for her." This is a problem right off the bat – how can ibn abbas say this lady is from paradise? How can he tell? This is only from Allah, how can ibn abbas say something like this? is this lady from the 10 people granted paradise? No, so how can ibn abbas specify this lady. Because she agreed to be patient. Lesson: Sickness is from Allah, it removes your sins, be happy with what Allah has decreed for you. Lesson: the dua of the Prophet (saw) cures sicknesses. Lesson: in principle, it is recommended to take medicine, but it‟s not a must. Lesson: see the piety of this woman, she is not accountable for her deeds when she is unconscious, but she still wants to protect her modesty. Narrated Al-Qasim bin Muhammad: 'Aisha, (complaining of headache) said, "Oh, my head"! Allah's Apostle said, "I wish that had happened while I was still living, for then I would ask Allah's Forgiveness for you and invoke Allah for you." Aisha said, "Wa thuklayah! By Allah, I think you want me to die; and If this should happen, you would spend the last part of the day sleeping with one of your wives!" The Prophet said, "Nay, I should say, 'Oh my head!' I felt like sending for Abu Bakr and his son, and appoint him as my successor lest some people claimed something or some others wished something, but then I said (to myself), 'Allah would not allow it to be otherwise, and the Muslims would prevent it to be otherwise". This hadith happens right before the Prophet (saw) dies. “Wa thuklayah” – an expression of loss. Evidence of the khalifa. The book of medicine Narrated Khalid bin Sad: We went out and Ghalib bin Abjar was accompanying us. He fell ill on the way and when we arrived at Medina he was still sick. Ibn Abi 'Atiq came to visit him and said to us, "Treat him with black cumin. Take five or seven seeds and crush them (mix the powder with oil) and drop the resulting mixture into both nostrils, for 'Aisha has narrated to me that she heard the Prophet saying, 'This black cumin is healing for all diseases except As-Sam.' Aisha said, 'What is As-Sam?' He said, 'Death." Lesson: permissibility to visit the sick Lesson: teaching medicine Lesson: blessing and virtue of black seed Lesson: death has no cure Lesson: belief that the black seed cures Lesson: the meaning of “as-Sam” Lesson: the Prophet (saw) used medicine Lesson: using odd numbers of black seed Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: The Prophet was cupped and he paid the wages to the one who had cupped him and then took Su'ut (Medicine sniffed by nose). Lessons: Permissible to take medication Permissible to do cupping Su‟ut means anything sniffed (in this case it was probably the black seed stuff) Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, 'There is no 'Adha (no disease is conveyed from the sick to the healthy without Allah's permission), nor Safar, nor Hama." A bedouin stood up and said, "Then what about my camels? They are like deer on the sand, but when a mangy camel comes and mixes with them, they all get infected with mangy." The Prophet said, "Then who conveyed the (mange) disease to the first one?" Lessons: It is permissible to ask for clarifications Allah is the source of disease. Narrated 'Aisha: The Prophet used to treat some of his wives by passing his right hand over the place of ailment and used to say, "O Allah, the Lord of the people! Remove the trouble and heal the patient, for You are the Healer. No healing is of any avail but Yours; healing that will leave behind no ailment." Lessons: Permissibility of Ruqya (reciting Quran with the intention of curing). Recommended dua in time of sickness Allah is the true healer Dua is medication Narrated 'Aisha: Whenever Allah's Apostle went to bed, he used to recite Surat-al-Ikhlas, Surat-al-Falaq and Surat-an-Nas and then blow on his palms and pass them over his face and those parts of his body that his hands could reach. And when he fell ill, he used to order me to do like that for him. You should do this before you go to bed In another hadith, do it 3 times. It‟s permissible to have someone else do it for you, ( you should do it for your kids) Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "If a fly falls in the vessel of any of you, let him dip all of it (into the vessel) and then throw it away, for in one of its wings there is a disease and in the other there is healing (antidote for it) i e. the treatment for that disease." Used to be a very controversial hadith. Science only recently proved this. Lesson: do not contradict the hadith with your own mind. Lesson: evidence that the Prophet (saw) is a Prophet. Who told him 1400 years ago that it‟s true. 10-07-06 The book of Adab Narrated Al-Mughira: The Prophet said, "Allah has forbidden you ( 1 ) to be undutiful to your mothers (2) to withhold (what you should give) or (3) demand (what you do not deserve), and (4) to bury your daughters alive. And Allah has disliked that (A) you talk too much about others ( B), ask too many questions (in religion), or (C) waste your property." In arabic, this hadith sounds really nice, it rhymes. So three things here forbidden and three things here suggested behavior. To withhold and demand is talking about those people who always want to take and not give. People who take as much as they can and give as little as they can. Also, all these things deal with manners. Ex, asking too many questions about religion, the person asked does not know if the person asking knows the answer already or needs ot know or has a good reason. The hadiht is here to tell people how to treat the questioned. Narrated 'Aisha: I never felt so jealous of any woman as I did of Khadija, though she had died three years before the Prophet married me, and that was because I heard him mentioning her too often, and because his Lord had ordered him to give her the glad tidings that she would have a palace in Paradise, made of Qasab and because he used to slaughter a sheep and distribute its meat among her friends. This hadith is here to mention how the Prophet (saw) treated Khadija, the manners he exercised with her. He used to mention her often. He used to give meat to her friends. He loves her so much that he even loves what she loves – he loved her friends even. Khadija was given glad tidings of paradise because she was a good wife – she believed him and supported him when nobody else would. Good hadith for both husband and wife. It is permissible to be jealous. Is Aisha blameworthy for these feelings? No. What if aisha said something negative about khadija out of these feelings, would she be blameworthy then? Probably. Narrated Safwan bin Salim: The Prophet said "The one who looks after and works for a widow and for a poor person, is like a warrior fighting for Allah's Cause or like a person who fasts during the day and prays all the night." Narrated Abu Huraira that the Prophet said as above. You want to be mujahid? Where are these values these days? Do we help widows and the poor anymore? Now it‟s like, if they ask, we give them some money. But the hadith says to take care of people – like constantly follow up and see to their needs. Don‟t limit the definition of jihad – this is jihad Omar (ra) once spied on abu bakr and found him attending to an old blind woman who lived alone in a little hut. Abu bakr didn‟t tell people he was taking care of her, he didn‟t call the media to come document it. Narrated An-Nu'man bin Bashir: Allah's Apostle said, "You see the believers as regards their being merciful among themselves and showing love among themselves and being kind, resembling one body, so that, if any part of the body is not well then the whole body shares the sleeplessness (insomnia) and fever with it." If you are not like this, you are not true believers. Many lessons from this, that we‟re supposed to help each other, love each other, be merciful, etc. Narrated Abu Shuraih: The Prophet said, "By Allah, he does not believe! By Allah, he does not believe! By Allah, he does not believe!" It was said, "Who is that, O Allah's Apostle?" He said, "That person whose neighbor does not feel safe from his evil." Why would the Prophet (saw) say soething 3 times? Just to get people‟s attention and get people to ask him who it is. That was their style. Does this mean that the person who‟s evil to his neighbor is kafir? No it means he has not perfected his iman. You need to know your neighbors. Narrated 'Aisha: (the wife of the Prophet) A group of Jews entered upon the Prophet and said, "As-Samu-Alaikum." (i.e. death be upon you). I understood it and said, "Wa-Alaikum As-Samu wal-la'n. (death and the curse of Allah be Upon you)." Allah's Apostle said "Be calm, O 'Aisha! Allah loves that on, should be kind and lenient in all matters." I said, "O Allah's Apostle! Haven't you heard what they (the Jews) have said?" Allah's Apostle said "I have (already) said (to them) "And upon you ! " Great hadith : let‟s count lessons: Perfect justice – “and upon you” Self-control Speaking in defense of your husband How to counsel your wife Nature of the jews Forgiveness Lenient and kind Narrated Anas bin Malik: Allah's Apostle said, "Do not hate one another, and do not be jealous of one another, and do not desert each other, and O, Allah's worshipers! Be brothers. Lo! It is not permissible for any Muslim to desert (not talk to) his brother (Muslim) for more than three days." Why 3 days? Even if you don‟t like someone, even if you dotn want to tlak to them, you have to, you just have to try to learn to love one another. Try to see the good in people. So is it permissible to not talk to someone for more than 3 days on purpose? Scholars mention the example of someone who is innovating and you say to them “ I wll not talk to you until you stop this bida” Narrated Zainab bint Um Salama: Um Sulaim said, "O Allah's Apostle! Verily Allah is not shy of (telling you) the truth. Is it essential for a woman to take a bath after she had a wet dream (nocturnal sexual discharge)?" He said, "Yes, if she notices discharge. On that Um Salama laughed and said, "Does a woman get a (nocturnal sexual) discharge?" He said, "How then does (her) son resemble her (his mother)?" Umm sulaim is the mother of anas ibn malik. Umm salama is the wife of the Prophet (saw). She felt comfortable enough to speak out. Scientific miracle in this hadith. Why isn‟t this hadith in the book of tahara and the book of knowledge? It is mentioned in those places for different reasons, but it‟s here to teach that being shy does not contradict good manners. End first term 11-04-06 The book of trials Narrated Asma': The Prophet said, "I will be at my Lake-Fount (Kauthar) waiting for whoever will come to me. Then some people will be taken away from me whereupon I will say, 'My followers!' It will be said, 'You do not know they turned Apostates as renegades (deserted their religion).'" (Ibn Abi Mulaika said, "Allah, we seek refuge with You from turning on our heels from the (Islamic) religion and from being put to trial"). Why does imam bukhari start the book of trials with this hadith.? It is the greatest trial to lose your faith. Also, this hadith is mutawatir. Narrated 'Abdullah: The Prophet said, "Near the establishment of the Hour, there will be the days of Al-Harj, and the religious knowledge will be taken away (vanish i.e. by the death of Religious scholars) and general ignorance will spread." Abu Musa said, "Al-Harj, in the Ethiopian language, means killing," Ibn Mas'ud added: I heard Allah's Apostle saying; (It will be) from among the most wicked people who will be living at the time when the Hour will be established." One person a day is killed in houston. How many scholars in the world today? Maybe 100? Out of over 1 billion muslims? Narrated Abu Bakra: During the battle of Al-Jamal, Allah benefited me with a Word (I heard from the Prophet). When the Prophet heard the news that the people of the Persia had made the daughter of Khosrau their Queen (ruler), he said, "Never will succeed such a nation as makes a woman their ruler." Does this hadith discriminate against women? does this mean woman cannot lead anything or just a nation or what? aren‟t women just as capable of leading as men? Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Apostle said, "If Allah sends punishment upon a nation then it befalls upon the whole population indiscriminately and then they will be resurrected (and judged) according to their deeds. Means people are resurrected according to their deeds. Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "Soon the river "Euphrates" will disclose the treasure (the mountain) of gold, so whoever will be present at that time should not take anything of it." Al-A'raj narrated from Abii Huraira that the Prophet said the same but he said, "It (Euphrates) will uncover a mountain of gold (under it)." In another narration, peoepl will fight over it, and for every 100 that fight, 99 will be killed. Narrated Haritha bin Wahb: I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "Give in charity because there will come a time on the people when a person will go out with his alms from place to place but will not find anybody to accept it." This already happened during the time of Omar ibn abdal aziz. 11-05 book of trials continued narrated abu huraira: prophet said “the hour will not be established 1) till two big groups fight each other whereupon there will be a great number of casualties on both sides and they will be following one and the same religious doctrine, 2) until about thirty dajjals appear, and each one of them will claim that he is Allah's apostle. 3) until the religious knowledge is taken away by the death of religious scholars 4) earthquakes will increase in numbers 5) time will pass quickly 6) afflictions will appear 7) al-Harj (killing) will increase 8) until wealth will be in abundance – so abundant that a wealth person will worry lest nobody should accept his Zakat, and whenever he will prsent it to someone, that person will say “I am not in need of it” 9) until the people compete with one another in constructing high buildings 10) until a man when passing by a grave of someone will say “would that I were in his place” 11) and until the sun rises from the West. So when the sun will rise and the people will see it they will all believe but that will be the time when: “no Good will it do to a soul to believe then, if it believed not before, nor earned good is earned through its faith. And the hour will be established while two men spreading his garment in front of them but they will not be able to sell it, nor fold it up; and the hour will be established when a man will be milking...... and the hour will be established before a man repairing a tank book of tawheed when the prophet send muadh to yemen, he said to him “ you are going to a nation from the but why not start with tawheed? Isn't it the thing you start with as the Prophet told muadh to start with tawheed? You also end with tawheed. The Prophet said that if you die on la ilaha ilallah on your mouth, you go to jannah. So you start on tawheed, ti's the first thing. Our interfaith efforts should always begin on tawheed. Abu huraira – prophet said on the day of resurrection Allah will hold the whole earth and fold the ehaven with his right hand and say I am king: where are the kings of the earth?” what does this hadith have to do with tawheed? It has to do with names and attributes, he is lord, he has a hand. Do we say Allah's hand is like other hands or do we even describe it? no. is a cat's hand similar to a human hand? no. also this hadiht tells the greatness of Allah – he will hold everything in his hand. Ibn amr – abu bakr as siddiq said to the prophet teach me an invocation with which I amy invoke Allah in my prayers. The Prophet said “Say “O Allah I have wronged my soul very much , and none forgives the sins but you; so please bestow your forgiveness upon me. NO doubt, you are the oft forgiving, most merciful.” it's here because Allah forgives sins, it's part of tawheed that only Allah forgives and we only pray to Allah. last hadith: prophet said “two words which are dear to the beneficient and very light for the tongue, but very heavy in weight in the balance. Subhan Allah wa bi hamdihi and subhan allahi al'azim.” 11-11-06 Sahih Muslim Biography of Imam Muslim A study of his book includes: # of chapters, number of hadith, different from al bukhari, selections Exam question – compare bukhari and Muslim in specific things His Name: Muslim ibn hajjaj ibn muslim al-Qushairi. An-Naisaburi (near Afghanistan – the city where imam bukhari had some trouble) Born: 204 (another source says 206) this happens many times where sources differ on a birthdate but they rarely differ on the death date. (imam bukhari was born 194) Died : 261 25th of Rajab. (bukhari died 256) Lived: either 55 or 57 years. Born and died in naisaburi – didn‟t he travel like imam bukhari? Why did he die in the same city? Yes imam muslim traveled but his city was a famous center of learning His teachers: Imam ahmad ibn hanbal Ishaq ibn rahwaih (also bukhari‟s teach) Said ibn mansour Imam bukhari His students: At-tirmidhi (also a student of bukhari) Abu hatim ar-razi Ibn khuzaimah (famous scholar of hadith – sahih ibn khuzaimah) Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn sufian One day muslim came to bukhiri and said “oh imam, you are the teacher of teachers, let me kiss your foot” so why didn‟t he mention any of bukhari‟s hadith in his book? Few reasons: first, he was able to reach the narrators of bukhari and he didn‟t want to have long chains of narration. Also, he wanted something different from the book of bukhari. His Books: Al musnad al kabir Who has only one narrator The levels of successors The book of Ilal. (defects of hadith) Sahih Muslim (kitab as-sahih) Took imam muslim 15 years to compile it (took bukhari 16 years to complete his) Has 54 books in sahih muslim (96 books in bukhari) First book his kitab al iman (first in bukhari is beginning of revelation) Last book is kitab al tafseer (last in bukhari in book of tawheed) Number of hadith: 3033 (bukhari has 2602 something) Total number of hadith: approx. 12k hadith (bukhari is 9802 or something) Why did imam bukhari write his book? His sheikh told him to write his book and also he saw a dream Why did imam muslim write his book? It was a request – a man came to him and asked him “can you compile a book for the ahadith for the different chapters of religion” and imam muslim liked that request Imam bukhari memorized 300k hadith Imam muslim took his selection from 300k hadith What‟s the degree of sahih muslim – comes second after bukhari. Why second? Why not first? Condition of Muslim: he narrates the hadith which is reported from the trustworthy all the way to the messenger without being outlandish or having any defect. Condition of Bukhari is similar but they have to have a source that says the two people actually met. Division of narrators of hadith: He divided hadiths into 3 levels in general: 1) narrated by trustworthies 2) narrated by average narrators 3) narrated by the weak narrators In his book, he only mentioned the first two levels. The first levels are principal and the second level need a supporting hadith Advantages of sahih muslim: The order in the book is much better than the order of bukhari. Ex. The hadith of tayammum is straight in the book of tayammum but bukhari puts it in the book of military expeditions to let you know where it is. Imam muslim repeates his hadith much less and always all in one place Imam muslim didn‟t subtitle his chapters – he put everything together in a few chapters. So who subtitled it? One opinion says imam an-nawawi and one opinion says qadi iyad. Some scholars prefer sahih muslim more (especially those of the western Islamic state) but the majority agree that al bukhari is more authentic. Al suyuti says “whoever prefers Muslim prefers the order of the selection of hadith” More complete chains of narration More variety in hadith Commentary on the book: Sharh imam nawawi – the explanation of sahih muslim Al mu‟lim bye Qadi iyad 11-12-06 10 narrators that sahih muslim took a lot of hadith (these 10 with repetition comes out to about 6600) 1. abu bakr ibn abi shaiba – 1540 hadiths – a scholar of hadith who compiled musannaf ibn abi shaiba (other famous musannaf is abd ar-razzaq) – know this name and number. Rest just know a few names. 2. zuhair ibn harb – 1281 3. Mohd ibn al muthanna – 772 4. Qutaibah ibn saeed – 668 5. Muhammad ibn numair – 573 6. abu kuraib – 556 7. mohd ibn bashar – 460 8. mohd ibn rafi – 362 9. mohd ibn hatim – 300 10. ali ibn hujr – 188 Bukhari narrated from all of them except for mohd ibn hatim Al hadith al muallaq – imam muslim only includes 14 (opposed to 159 in bukhari) so advantage to imam muslim (but some people say all of bukhari‟s muallaq are very carefully researched by him to be confirmed elsewhere) Tirmidhi narrated only one hadith from imam muslim in the book of siyam – “count the hillal of sha‟ban for Ramadan” Imam Muslim used to sell silk for a living. He was a merchant. Muslim had no hadiths with only 3 narrators – bukhari had 22 and tirmidhi had 1. Exact number of hadiths without repetition in sahih muslim 3033. the total number of hadith is approx. 12 thousand. Narrators of sahih muslim 160 narrators of his were criticized. What were his reasons: 1. he knew something that other hadith scholars did not know about them 2. they became weak after imam muslim knew them 3. he narrated from them mostly in the supporting hadith not the principle hadith Some people say that the narrators mentioned in bukhari and muslim have already crossed the sirat (like the bridge of paradise but they meant the sirat of hadiths – it‟s a way of saying they‟re ok) So how many total hadiths were criticized in sahih muslim ? 100 - an nawawi answered the criticism in his book an-minhaj (the way ibn hajar answered the criticisms of bukhari) Agreed upon – the number of ahadith than imam al bukhari and imam muslim have agreed upon is 1906 hadith. (muslim didn‟t narrate from bukhari but these hadiths have different chains). The book is translated into English called “gems and jewels – 2 volumes” 11-28-06 (makeup for 11-24 & 11-25) The book of Iman First book of sahih muslim This is the first hadith of sahih muslim is listed as hadith #8. where are the first 7? In the introduction Abu khaithamah zuhair ibn harb (narrated more than 1000 hadith from him. #2 on list) Haddathana waki (famous scholar – sheikh of imam shafi. Waki ibn jara. Shafi said to him “I complained to waki‟ of my bad memory – even though waki‟ was a great scholar, he was known for tadlees, notice he doesn‟t say haddathana, he says “from”) From Kahmas From Abdallah ibn buraidah From Yahya ibn ya‟mar Second narration Haddathana ubaidallah ibn muath al anbari Haddathani abi.(muath al anbari) Haddathani kahmas From ibn buraidah From yahya ibn Ya‟mar Why the second narration? To prevent suspicion from the tadlees of waki‟ It is narrated on the authority of Yahya b. Ya'mur that the first man who discussed about Qadr(Divine Decree) in Basra was Ma'bad al-Juhani. I along with Humaid b. 'Abdur-Rahman Himyari set out for pilgrimage or for 'Umrah and said: Should it so happen that we come into contact with one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) we shall ask him a bout what is talked about Taqdir (Division Decree). Accidentally we came across Abdullah Ibn Umar Ibn al-Khattab, while he was entering the mosque. My companion and I surrounded him. One of us (stood) on his right and the other stood on his left. I expected that my companion would authorize me to speak. I therefore said: Abu Abdur Rahman! there have appeared some people in our land who recite the Holy Qur'an and pursue knowledge. And then after talking about their affairs, added: They (such people) claim that there is no such thing as Divine Decree and events are not predestined. He (Abdullah Ibn Umar) said: When you happen to meet such people tell them that I have nothing to do with them and they have nothing to do with me. And verily they are in no way responsible for my (belief). Abdullah Ibn Umar swore by Him (the Lord) (and said): If any one of them (who does not believe in the Divine Decree) had with him gold equal to the bulk of (the mountain) Uhud and then, it (in the way of Allah), Allah would not accept it unless he affirmed his faith in Divine Decree. He further said: My father, Umar Ibn al-Khattab, told me: One day we were sitting in the company of Allah's Apostle (peace be upon him) when there appeared before us a man dressed in pure white clothes, his hair extraordinarily black. There were no signs of travel on him. None amongst us recognized him. At last he sat with the Apostle (peace be upon him) He knelt before him placed his palms on his thighs and said: Muhammad, inform me about al-Islam. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Al-Islam implies that you testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, and you establish prayer, pay Zakat, observe the fast of Ramadan, and perform pilgrimage to the (House) if you are solvent enough (to bear the expense of) the journey. He (the inquirer) said: You have told the truth. He (Umar Ibn alKhattab) said: It amazed us that he would put the question and then he would himself verify the truth. He (the inquirer) said: Inform me about Iman (faith). He (the Holy Prophet) replied: That you affirm your faith in Allah, in His angels, in His Books, in His Apostles, in the Day of Judgment, and you affirm your faith in the Divine Decree about good and evil. He (the inquirer) said: You have told the truth. He (the inquirer) again said: Inform me about al-Ihsan (performance of good deeds). He (the Holy Prophet) said: That you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, for though you don't see Him, He, verily, sees you. He (the enquirer) again said: Inform me about the hour (of the Doom). He (the Holy Prophet) remarked: One who is asked knows no more than the one who is inquiring (about it). He (the inquirer) said: Tell me some of its indications. He (the Holy Prophet) said: That the slavegirl will give birth to her mistress and master, that you will find barefooted, destitute goat-herds vying with one another in the construction of magnificent buildings. He (the narrator, Umar Ibn alKhattab) said: Then he (the inquirer) went on his way but I stayed with him (the Holy Prophet) for a long while. He then, said to me: Umar, do you know who this inquirer was? I replied: Allah and His Apostle knows best. He (the Holy Prophet) remarked: He was Gabriel (the angel). He came to you in order to instruct you in matters of religion. These are the qadariyya who are people of bida. They said that when you murder, that is an evil action and Allah is not evil so he would have prevented you. Therefore, Allah must not know what is happening until it happens. The first part from abdallah ibn omar is “athar” because it‟s just the statement of abdallah. But when abdallah ibn omar says “my father told me” then the hadith begins. Why do we say his hair is black and his clothes are white? To say he is not a traveler, yet we don‟t know him. puts his palms on his thighs means he‟s sitting close to him in a very familiar way. What‟s added here is the signs of the hour. Female slave of Allah = amma. How does a slave girl give birth to her master? It was mentioned in aqeeda class. Second hadith (with repetition it is the fifth hadith, without hadith, it is the fifth) Abu Huraira reported: One day the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) appeared before the public that a man came to him and said: Prophet of Allah, (tell me) what is Iman. Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) replied: That you affirm your faith in Allah, His angels, His Books, His meeting, His Messengers and that you affirm your faith in the Resurrection hereafter. He (again) said: Messenger of Allah, (tell me) what does al-Islam signify. He (the Holy Prophet) replied: Al-Islam signifies that you worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him and you establish obligatory prayer and you pay the obligatory poor-rate (Zakat) and you observe the fast of Ramadan. He (the inquirer) again said: Messenger of Allah, what does Al-Ihsan imply? He (the Holy Prophet) replied: That you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, and in case you fail to see Him, then observe prayer (with this idea in your mind) that (at least) He is seeing you. He (the inquirer) again said: Messenger of Allah, when would there be the hour (of Doom)? He (the Holy Prophet) replied: The one who is asked about it is no better informed than the inquirer. I, however, narrate some of its signs (and these are): when the slave-girl will give birth to he master, when the naked, barefooted would become the chiefs of the people - these are some of the signs of (Doom). (Moreover) when the shepherds of the black (camels) would exult themselves in buildings, this is one of the signs of (Doom). (Doom) is one of the five (happenings wrapped in the unseen) which no one knows but Allah. Then he (the Messenger of Allah) recited (the verse): "Verily Allah! with Him alone is the knowledge of the hour and He it is Who sends (down the rain) and knows that which is in the wombs and no person knows whatsoever he shall earn tomorrow, and a person knows not in whatsoever land he shall die. Verily Allah is Knowing, Aware. He (the narrator, Abu Huraira) said: Then the person turned back and went away. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Bring that man back to me. They (the Companions of the Holy Prophet present there) went to bring him back, but they saw nothing there. Upon this the Messenger of Allah remarked: he was Gabriel, who came to teach the people their religion. Why repeat this? because this narrator is a different companion, abu huraira. That is more significant. Also these are different, this says the prophet came out in public and said this. the other hadith is omar witnessing the actual event. Qadr is mentioned by omar, not by abu huraira, hajj is mentioned by omar not by abu huraira. Also the ayah is mentioned by abu huraira (last ayah of sura luqman). Many many differences. Homework – So which one is right? Or are these different incidents or what? This is the job of scholars to differentiate. why is iman mentioned first here except islam? 11-30-06 (makeup 11-24 & 11-25) Chapter – concerning Iman by which a person would enter heaven Haddathana mohd ibn abdallah ibn numair Haddathana Aaabdallah ibn numair An amr ibn uthman An musa ibn Talhah An abu ayub al-ansari (khalid ibn zaid – the one whose house the Prophet (s) stayed in medina) All of these men are from kufa except abu ayub from medina who moved to kufa. It is narrated on the authority of Abu Ayyub Ansari that once during the journey of the Holy Prophet (may peace of Allah be upon him) a bedouin appeared before him and caught hold of the nose-string of his she-camel and then said, Messenger of Allah (or Muhammad), inform me about that which takes me near to Paradise and draws me away from the Fire (of Hell). He (the narrator) said: The Prophet (may peace be upon him) stopped for a while and cast a glance upon his companions and then said: He was afforded a good opportunity (or he had been guided well). He (the Holy Prophet) addressing the bedouin said: (Repeat) whatever you have uttered. He (the bedouin) repeated that. Upon this the Apostle (may peace be upon him) remarked: The deed which can draw you near to Paradise and take you away from Hell is, that you worship Allah and associate none with Him, and you establish prayer and pay Zakat, and do good to your kin. After having uttered these words, the Holy Prophet asked the bedouin to release the nose-string of his she-camel. His camel was named Qaswa, he also got a donkey from Syria named “duldul” (shows compassion of the Prophet (s) he named his animals and treated them as pets) The Prophet (s) asked the Bedouin to repeat himself for the companions because the Bedouin is asking a very good question. Look at the mercy of the Prophet – the Bedouin comes up and grabs the nose string – this is like someone comes to you and grabs your steering wheel, and you stop and you listen to his question , and you praise his question and turn to other people to listen to his question, and then you answer the question, and then finally you say “ok please let go of my steering wheel” – amazing amount of patience. He doesn‟t‟ mention fasting or hajj. Why? It‟s possible that these thigns were not mandated then. It‟s also possible that he was only listing the only the few most important things. It‟s also possible that he only listed what‟s mandatory on every muslim, some do not have to fast or make hajj. Chapter : He who meets his Lord with implicit faith would enter Heaven and fire would be forbidden to harm him. Haddathana Dawoud ibn Rashid Haddathana al walid (al walid ibn muslim – he used to do tadlees) Haddathana ibn jabir (abdallah ibn jabir – well known narrator) An umair ibn hani An junadad ibn umaya An ubadadh ibn assamit All from one city – Sham. Except dawoud was from Baghdad. There are chains of narrators that are famous for narrating from their parents. Whole branch of study for this. It is narrated on the authority of Ubadah b. Samit that the messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) observed: He who said: "There is no god but Allah, He is One and there is no associate with Him, that Muhammad is his servant and His messenger, that Christ is servant and the son of His slave-girl and he (Christ) His word which He communicated to Mary and is His Spirit, that Paradise is a fact and Hell is a fact," Allah would make him (he who affirms these truths enter Paradise through any one of its eight doors which he would like. Imam nawawi said that even though it is brief, this hadith included all chapters of faith. The prophet (s) said I was given the gift of speech that even though I say few words, there are lots of meanings. Imam nawawi said this is one of those hadiths. How does this hadith include everything? How is it comprehensive? The key is in “paradise is a fact and hellfire is a fact” – because it‟s not merely a question of believing in it, but if you are certain in it you will not do things to make you enter them. Just like in Quran when Allah asks you to be cetain. Why is jesus mentioned? This is the major deviance in the world. Chapter: diminution of iman by failing in submission and the use of the word kufr for things besides unbelief of Allah, for example ungratefulness and ingratitude. It is narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b. Umar that the Messenger of Allah observed: O womenfolk, you should give charity and ask much forgiveness for I saw you in bulk amongst the dwellers of Hell. A wise lady among them said: Why is it, Messenger of Allah, that our folk is in bulk in Hell? Upon this the Holy Prophet observed: You curse too much and are ungrateful to your spouses. I have seen none lacking in common sense and failing in religion but (at the same time) robbing the wisdom of the wise, besides you. Upon this the woman remarked: What is wrong with our common sense and with religion? He (the Holy Prophet) observed: Your lack of common sense (can be well judged from the fact) that the evidence of two women is equal to one man, that is a proof of the lack of common sense, and you spend some nights (and days) in which you do not offer prayer and in the month of Ramadan (during the days) you do not observe fast, that is a failing in religion. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Abu Tahir with this chain of transmitters. Takfurna is translated as ungratefulness – the word kufr is used although the Prophet (s) does not mean religious kufr – it means ungratefulness to husband. In a way, religious kufr is ungratefulness to God. Sheikh says this hadith is actually in the favor of women? how? Is it their choice that they don‟t pray and fast or that their testimony is half of a man. The testimony is half of men because they are emotional and may lose concentration. Is this the reason they are in hellfire? No, it is because they curse and their ingratitude to husbands – what kind of ingratitude? When a man does good, his wife is pleased and if he does not do good, she says “I have never seen any good from you.” The Prophet advised the women to give charity and this is a lesson, doing good erases bad. 12-02-06 The book of funerals Chapter: exhortation to recite la ilaha illallah to the dying person Hadith said’ al-khudri reported Allah’s messenger (saw) as saying “exhort to recite there is none worthy of worship but Allah to those of you who are dying” Why? Because shaitan tries his hardest when you are dying. Also, this is a key to jannah – the one who dies saying this will enter jannah. When dying, you are in some of your hardest moments. Remember when abu talib died, he was misguided by his own people. What is the correct methodology of “tarqeen” or exhortation? Don‟t just start pestering them – some people do this and get really excited. You be patient, you say it nicely and softly and say it just once. If you need to repeat it, then repeat it. It‟s nice to just say it and he will hear it and be reminded, but don‟t badger him. One of the scholars was dying and his students were around him and they wanted to remind him of the hadith to say la ilaha illallah. But they were scared of him because he is their sheikh, so they started with the chain of narrators, and he finished “exhort them to say la ilaha illallah to those who are dying” and then he died. Chapter: What is to be said at the time of Calamity. Umm Salama reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: If any Muslim who suffers some calamity says, what Allah has commanded him, "We belong to Allah and to Him shall we return; O Allah, reward me for my affliction and give me something better than it in exchange for it," Allah will give him something better than it in exchange. When Abu Salama died she said: What Muslim is better than Abu Salama whose family was the first to emigrate to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him). I then said the words, and Allah gave me God's Messenger (may peace be upon him) in exchange. She said: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) sent Hatib b. Abu Balta'a to deliver me the message of marriage with him. I said to him: I have a daughter (as my dependant) and I am of jealous temperament. He (the Holy Prophet) said: So far as her daughter is concerned, we would supplicate Allah, that He may free her (of her responsibility) and I would also supplicate Allah to do away with (her) jealous (temperament). In every calamity there are three steps to take to get over it. 1. remember it could have been much worse. 2. 3. remember it is only in dunya. Thank Allah that the calamity happened to you here instead of the Hereafter. Chapter: what is to be said by the side of the sick and the dead Umm Salama reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Whenever you visit the sick or the dead, supplicate for good because angels say "Amen" to whatever you say. She added: When Abu Salama died, I went to the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) and said: Messenger of Allah, Abu Salama has died. He told me to recite: "O Allah ! forgive me and him (Abu Salama) and give me a better substitute than he." So I said (this), and Allah gave me in exchange Muhammad, who is better for me than him (Abu Salama). Chapter: closing the eyes of the dead and supplication for him on visiting him Umm Salama reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon came to Abu Salama (as he died). His eyes were fixedly open. He closed them, and then said: When the soul is taken away the sight follows it. Some of the people of his family wept and wailed. So he said: Do not supplicate for yourselves anything but good, for angels say "Amen" to what you say. He then said: O Allah, forgive Abu Salama, raise his degree among those who are rightly guided, grant him a successor in his descendants who remain. Forgive us and him, O Lord of the Universe, and make his grave spacious, and grant him light in it. We need to learn as muslims to thank Allah whatever happens. Learn this dua to say in janaza – you don‟t want this to happen to you when you die – you want people to follow the sunnah and say the dua. Chapter: weeping for the dead Umm Salama reported: When Abu Salama died I said: I am a stranger in a strange land; I shall weep for him in a manner that would be talked of. I made preparation for weeping for him when a woman from the upper side of the city came there who intended to help me (in weeping). She happened to come across the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) and he said: Do you intend to bring the devil into a house from which Allah has twice driven him out? I (Umm Salama), therefore, refrained from weeping and I did not weep. How does she bring the devil? By wailing and crying loudly. Remember when the son of the Prophet , Ibrahim died, he said we shed tears, our hearts are saddened but we only say what pleases Allah. Usama b. Zaid reported: While we were with the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him), one of his daughters sent to him (the Messenger) to call him and inform him that her child or her son was dying. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) told the messenger to go back and tell her that what Allah had taken belonged to Him, and to him belonged what He granted; and He has an appointed time for everything. So you (the messenger) order her to show endurance and seek reward from Allah. The messenger came back and said: She adjures him to come to her. He got up to go accompanied by Sa'd b. 'Ubada, Mu'adh b. Jabal, and I also went along with them. The child was lifted to him and his soul was feeling as restless as if it was in an old (water-skin). His (Prophet's) eyes welled up with tears. Sa'd said: What is this, Messenger of Allah? He replied: This is compassion which Allah has placed in the hearts of His servants, and God shows compassion only to those of His servants who are compassionate. We have sunnah regarding how to act when people die. It‟s a shame that people innovate all sorts of practices – some of them are even against Islam like going to their houses and they cook for you. The Prophet said when jabar died to cook food for his family. 12-03-06 'Aisha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) was with her and she heard the voice of a person seeking permission to enter the house of Hafsa. 'Aisha (Allah he pleased with her) said: Allah's Messenger, he is the person who seeks permission to enter your house, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: I think he is so and so (uncle of Hafsa by reason of fosterage). 'Aisha said: Messenger of Allah, if so and so (her uncle by reason of fosterage) were alive, could he enter my house? Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Yes. Fosterage makes unlawful what consanguinity makes unlawful. How is someone an uncle by fosterage? If a man was fostered with your father, then their daughters are haram to each other for marriage. Your uncle is mahram, your foster uncle is mahram also. This hadith is the evidence. In general, all the rights of an uncle go with a foster uncle except inheritance. The three reasons for inheritance are marriage, blood relation, and loyalty after emancipation 'Aisha (Allah be pleased with her) reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Fosterage makes unlawful what consanguinity makes unlawful. This is part of the beauty of imam muslim‟s book, he mentions all the similar hadiths together. Say you only read this short hadith, you might not know the circumstances behind it, but here you have it. 'Aisha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Aflah, the brother of Abu'l-Qu'ais, who was her uncle by reason of fosterage, came, and asked her permission (to enter the house) after seclusion was instituted. I refused to admit him. When Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came, I Informed him what I had done. He commanded me to grant him permission (as the brother of her foster-father was also her uncle). Aflah was her foster uncle. Why do they mention abul-quais? Because he was famous, that‟s all. 'Aisha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that there came Aflah the brother, of Abu'l-Qu'ais, who sought her permission (to enter) after seclusion was instituted, and Abu-Qu'ais was the father of 'Aisha by reason of fosterage. 'Aisha said: By Allah, I would not permit Aflah unless I have solicited the opinion of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) for Abu Qulais has not suckled me, but his wife has given me suck. 'Aisha'(Allah be pleased with her) said: When Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) entered, I said: Allah's Messenger, Aflah is the brother of Abu'l-Qulais; he came to me to seek my permission for entering (the house). I did not like the idea of granting him permission until I had solicited your opinion. Thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: Grant him permission. 'Urwa said it was on account of this that 'Aisha used to say. What is unlawful by reason of consanguinity is unlawful by reason of fosterage. Same hadith here worded differently. 'Ali (Allah be pleased with him) reported having said this: Messenger of Allah, why is it that you select (your wife) from among the Quraish, but you ignore us (the nearest of the kin)?Thereupon he said: Have you anything for me (a suitable match for me)? I said; Yes, the daughter of Hamza, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: She is not lawful for me, for she is the daughter of my brother by reason of fosterage. Here is a lesson for us, don‟t just criticize, offer an alternative – the Prophet (s) asked him “what do you have for me?” The woman that nursed both the Prophet (s) and Hamza (ra) was thuwaiba. Umm al-Fadl reported: A bedouin came to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) when he was in my house and said: Allah's Apostle, I have had a wife and I married another besides her, and my first wife claimed that she had suckled once or twice my newly married wife, thereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: One suckling or two do not make the (marriage) unlawful. The issue is that you cannot marry a woman and her mother and this bedouin‟s wife nursed this woman so it‟s like she is the foster mother. The number of sucklings needed is 5 as we studied elsewhere. Usul al fiqh issue – if we had no other evidence, we would have understood this hadith to imply that 3 sucklings makes a fosterage relationship since the Prophet said 1 or 2 is not unlawful we wouldn‟t want to transgress that. However, we have another evidence. 'Aisha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Sahla bint Suhail came to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and said: Messenger of Allah, I see on the face of Abu Hudhaifa (signs of disgust) on entering of Salim (who is an ally) into (our house), whereupon Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: Suckle him. She said: How can I suckle him as he is a grown-up man? Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) smiled and said: I already know that he is a young man 'Amr has made this addition in his narration that he participated in the Battle of Badr and in the narration of Ibn 'Umar (the words are): Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) laughed. This is the house of abu hudhaifa and he doesn‟t like this guy seeing his wife. Salim was righteous he memorized the Quran, he was killed during the time of Umar who said if salim was alive, I would have made him Khalifa. The Prophet (s) didn‟t actually laugh, he smiled broadly, the word in Arabic is ibtassum which means to smile, the word for laugh (with a sound) is _____, which isn‟t used. Is it permissible for a 10-12 y/o boy to suckle from a woman? No, so how can the Prophet (s) tell this woman to let the boy touch him. Imam nawawi and others say perhaps she put her milk in a bowl and he drank it. Differences of opinion – perhaps this was abrogated. The prophet himself said what counts of fosterage is below 2 years. Another opinion was that this was not abrogated and that it counts for everybody – this is the opinion of Aisha. 3rd opinion from the vast majority of scholars is that this is a specila case only for Salim. Salim did become the foster son of sahla. Umm Salama said to 'Aisha (Allah be pleased with her): A young boy who is at the threshold of puberty comes to you. I, however, do not like that he should come to me, whereupon 'Aisha (Allah be pleased with her) said: Don't you see in Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) a model for you? She also said: The wife of Abu Hudhaifa said: Messenger of Allah, Salim comes to me and now he is a (grown-up) person, and there is something that (rankles) in the mind of Abu Hudhaifa about him, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Suckle him (so that he may become your foster-child), and thus he may be able to come to you (freely). It was the opinion of Aisha that it was okay to suckle a boy nearing the threshold of puberty. Umm salama and the vast majority of scholars say that it is not permissible. A woman still has to cover, so how can she nurse him. Chapter, the good of this world is the pious woman 'Abdullah b. Amr reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The whole world is a provision, and the best object of benefit of the world is the pious woman. Of course this doesn‟t apply to every wife, the Prophet (s) said az-zawj as-saliha – the righteous wife is the one who obeys, who protects your house, who pleases you when you look at her. Why does this come shortly after the hadith on suckling, why? Because you choose carefully the mother of your children. Also, you could learn to choose the best foster mother. Why is the wife the best of things in this life? Because a righteous wife will be with you in the hereafter while the rest of things all go away. Because she comforts you, etc. Look at khadija, how when the whole world was against the Prophet (s) she comforted him. 12-10-06 Book of Vision (dreams) Abu Salama reported: I used to see dreams (and was so much perturbed) that I began to quiver and have temperature, but did not cover myself with a mantle. I met Abu Qatada and made a mention of that to him. He said: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: A good vision comes from Allah and a (bad) dream (hulm) from devil. So when one of you sees a bad dream (hulm) which he does not like, he should spit on his left side thrice and seek refuge with Allah from its evil; then it will not harm him. This is a great hadith Who is abu salama – the husband of umm salama? No. this is the narrator. Abu salaman abdur Rahman. He was a great scholar, one of the 7 great scholars of medina If you see a dream where you have to kill someone, do we follow it? No, we are not prophets. Ibrahim killed his son in his dream so he knew he had to do it. Abu Qatada is the companion How does it come from the devil – the devil whispers to us when we sleep just like when we are awake. There is a connection between the soul and the body and it‟s different for different people. When you sleep, Allah calls it the minor death because the soul is somehow leaving the body while still being attached. When you die, the soul leaves the body for good. For some people, when the soul leaves, they have strong thoughts that they see and some people cannot see anything. What happens in your life also affects your dream. This is also another evidence that Shaitan is a plain enemy to you. Don‟t think that when you sleep, the shaitan sleeps – he is your avowed enemy! The Prohpet said when you sleep the shaitan ties 3 knots. When you wake up and mention the name of Allah, one knot is untied, when you make wudu, the second knot is untied. When you pray, the third knot is untied.” This is why some people are cranky in the morning and some people are bright and awake. Spit does not mean bunch of spit – just lightly Omar thinks: what is this? perhaps because shaitan whispers from the left side and shaitan is arrogant and would hate to be spit on by the children of adam?? Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: When the time draws near (when the Resurrection is near) a believer's dream can hardly be false. And the truest vision will be of one who is himself the most truthful in speech, for the vision of a Muslim is the forty-fifth part of Prophecy, and dreams are of three types: one good dream which is a sort of good tidings from Allah; the evil dream which causes pain is from the satan; and the third one is a suggestion of one's own mind; so if any one of you sees a dream which he does not like he should stand tip and offer prayer and he should not relate it to people, and he said: I would love to see fetters (in the dream), but I dislike wearing of necklace, for the fetters is (an indication of) one's steadfastness in religion. The narrator said: I do not know whether this is a part of the hadith or the words of Ibn Sirin. Forty-fifth part of prophecy = actually 46. was shown later. This and _________ is a proof for scholars that the true dream happens to the believer as well, etc. Mudraj at the end from ibn sirin – probably just his words So if you get a bad dream, you get up, you spit 3 times Who is ibn sireen? There are two, but the famous one is mohammad ibn sireen and he is a successor and a trustworthy narrator. Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: He who saw me in a dream in fact saw me, for the satan does not appear in my form. Some people see what they think is the prophet. It‟s really the devil. Just because you see the prophet (s) doesn‟t mean it‟s a big deal. Some people think that means they‟re going to heaven.there were people who saw the prophet in real life and they are kuffar. The hair was neither curly nor straight, it was in between and it was black Only white hair was at his sideburns and his soulpatch and it was less than 20 hairs. Wide forhead with a nerve in the middle going sideways – it was obvious and clear when the prophet (s) was upset. His nose was sharp Wide eyes and big with very black pupils Thin eyebrows. Long black eyelashes Beard was thick and black Mouth was big Skin was white (arab white means very light brown) Wide shoulders No hair on his chest except a thin line from the neck to his bellybutton His neck was a little bit long and it was very clear – the companions said it was like silver The poet, hassan at-thabit, said “you were created free of deficiencies as if you wanted to be created the way you look. I never saw more beautiful than you and women never gave birth to better than you. Average height. Jabir reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: There came to him (the Holy Prophet) a desert Arab and said: I saw in a dream that I had been beheaded and I had been following it (the severed head). Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) reprimanded him saying: Do not inform about the vain sporting of devil with you during the night. Don‟t tell people the bad dreams. Dream interpretation is different for different people: 2 people came to ibn sireen and one said “I heard the adhan” – he said your hand will be chopped. And the other person his “I heard the adhan” and he said you‟re going to hajj. The peple asked him how it could be different. He said the first person is known for stealing and the adhan is announcing his punishment. The second person is righteous and he‟s responding to the call of ibrahim. It is reported either on the authority of Ibn Abbas or on the authority of Abu Huraira that a person came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: Allah's Messenger, I saw while I was sleeping during the night (this vision) that there was a canopy from which butter and honey were trickling and I also saw people collecting them in the palms of their hands, some more, some less, and I also saw a rope connecting the earth with the sky and I saw you catching hold of it and rising towards the heaven; then another person after you catching hold of it and rising towards(Heaven); then another person catching hold of it, but it was broken while it was rejoined for him and he also climbed up. Abu Bakr said: Allah's Messenger, may my father be sacrificed for you, by Allah, allow me to interpret it. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) sail: Well, give its interpretation. Thereupon Abu Bakr said: The canopy signifies the canopy of Islam and that what it trickles out of it in the form of butter and honey is the Holy Qur'an and its sweetness and softness and what the people get hold of it in their palms implies major portion of the Qur'an or the small portion; and so far as the rope joining the sky with the earth is concerned, it is the Truth by which you stood (in the worldly life) and by which Allah would raise you (to Heaven). Then the person after you would take hold of it and he would also climb up with the help of it. Then another person would take hold of it and climb up with the help of it. Then another person would take hold of it and it would be broken; then it would be rejoined for him and he would climb up with the help of it. Allah's Messenger, may my father be taken as a ransom for you, tell me whether I have interpreted it correctly or I have made an error. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: You have interpreted a part of it correctly and you have erred in interpreting a part of it. Thereupon he said: Allah's Messenger, by Allah, tell me that part where I have committed an error. Thereupon he said: Don't take oath. Does it matter if it was ibn abbas or abu huraira – they are both trustworthy, but the mention anyway. Yusuf used to interpret dreams. It‟s how he got his position, by interpreting the dreams of the kings. It is permissible for the person with less knowledge to answer a question in the presence of someone who knows more. What part did Abu Bakr get wrong? It has to do with the fitna of osman.