Aqeeda Second semester 8-5-06 The Final Hour What happens to the people who are already dead? You are questioned and you wait. You have either a punishment or comfort in your grave. The Prophets and martyrs, Allah has forbidden the earth from eating them. 38 years after the battle of uhud, there was a flood. The graves were washed up and jabber ibn abdallah who‟s father was martyred said he saw his father and his body was fresh as though it was sleeping. How will it begin? The trumpet of israfeel. The Quran clearly says there are two blows. Surah zumr ayah 68, but ibn kathir and some others say there are 3.
68. The trumpet will (Just) be sounded, when all that are In the heavens and on earth will swoon, except such As it will please Allah (to exempt). then will a second one be sounded, when, Behold, They will be standing and looking on! All will die even the angel of death – Allah will command him to take his own life. Then all will be dead except for Allah. Then 40 years will pass (according to the hadith of abu hurayra) and then Allah will revive israfeel and the horn will be blown a third time.
1. O mankind! fear your Lord! for the convulsion of the Hour (of judgment) will be a thing terrible! Also, ““the Day you shall see it, every nursing mother will…” The resurrection – how will it happen? The kuffar deny it, but Allah says in the Quran that it is just like how dry land becomes green. Mohammad (saw) will be the first to be resurrected. The earth will be brought back but it will be different. The seas will be boiling and the skies will be split and rolled up. How will people be resurrected? Naked, some secure, some fearful, some their faces will be darkened (sura taha 20:102), uncircumcised, some intoxicated, martyrs will be as they died, some like the size of ants (the arrogant), some will be walking on their faces instead of their legs, some will be blind (sura taha) because they forgot the ayats of Allah, some will have their hands shackled to their necks. Tarbiya (labbaik Allahumma labaik) – because they were doing hajj.
sweating, all will be sweating and some‟s sweat will reach their ankles, some knees, some shoulders, some totally covered. Rescue is in the shade of Allah. It will be given to 7: 1) a just ruler 2) youth brought up in the worship of Allah 3) man whose heart is attached to the masjid 4) two men who love each other for the sake of Allah 5) a man when invited by a woman to fornicate says I fear Allah 6) a man who gives charity so secretly that his left hand doesn‟t know what his right hand gives 7) a man who remembered Allah in seclusion and his eyes shed tears. Read sura Qaria (101) ibn kathir, Hadith of the trumpet: abu hurayra in sahih muslim in the book of fitan.
8-6-06 The Day of Judgment Continuted People will be resurrected naked, undressed The Pool of the Messenger On the day of judgement, the Mesenger will be given a pool the size of one month‟s travel by one month‟s travel. It is from Adan to Jerusalem. All the Prophets will have a pool, none will be as big as the Prophets. Those from his ummah not punished who didn‟t innovate or stray will be allowed to drink from it. Taste = sweeter than honey Drink = quench thirst forever. Evidence that this pool exists is mutawatir, so we must believe in it. The display of nations How will this happen? All the nations will be brought. Large nation will be brought, the prophet Mohammaed (saw) will see a nation being brought and think it‟s his, but it will be the nation of Musa. Muslims in the afterlife will be like the “The White hair on the Black bull.” – It means we are few compared to other nations, yet we will fill 1/3 of paradise. So we will be few like the white hair on the black bull, yet 1/3 of paradise. The coming of Allah and angels. How will he come? He will come in a way that is suitable for his majesty and greatness. What is the evidence that Allah will come on the DOJ? Sura Fajr (something malakutu – the angels will come in rows). So people will be judged before they come. Surat an-naba Hellfire will be brought out with 70k reins each rein has 70k angels. Will be discussed later. The intercession of the Prophet The day will be difficult on people, especially the disbelievers, they will just want the day to start, even those that know they will go to hell, just because the DOJ will be so hard on them. So the people will go to Adam and he‟ll say that he cannot intercede because he committed a sin and Allah is angry with him. Then will go to other prophets and so on until they get to Isa and Isa will tell them to go
to Mohd who will prostrate under the throne and ask Allah with beautiful words that will be inspired to him at that moment (he doesn‟t know them now). This is a praiseworthy rank. Maqama mahmood = praiseworthy rank on the day of judgment (this is mentioned in the dua of adhan and in the Quran). Also, in paradise, the rank is waseela. Dialogue between Allah and his slaves On the day of judgment no one talks but the prophets. And we made you a medium nation to witness and testify over other nations – sura ali imran. Animals The Prophet (saw) swore by Allah that the weak sheep will take his right from the strong sheep and the sheep with horns will be judged. Then they will be turned to dust (remember that the Kafir will wish that he were just dust.) The beginning of judgment The Prophet (saw) said we are the last nation but we will be the first to judged. The first action to be judged between you and other people is the murder and bloodshed. The first action to be judged between you and Allah is salat. Allah talks to the believers and does not talk to the disbelievers. Scholars mention different interpretations because we also have this idea that Allah will talk to everybody. So Allah talks to the believers with Mercy and to the disbelievers with Wrath. Some say that Allah will only talk to people through angels since there is a hadith about it. Allah will embrace the believers as you embrace a brother. Also the sins of true believers will be converted to good deeds. The Scale. It‟s a real physical thing. Some people deny it and say that Allah does not need a scale. Why would there be a scale? To demonstrate justice to everyone. How big is it? Bigger than the size of the heavens and earth and it has 2 sides. Remember the hadith about the man with 99 scrolls of bad deeds? Each scroll is supposed to be as large as the horizon – all 99 will be put on one side so it‟s a big scale. There are some taken to hellfire directly. The scattering of the records. The book of your own deeds with all your actions and words – will be handed to you either in your left or right hand. Left = hellfire, right = paradise. Some will receive it “behind their back” – this could be literally or it could be that they received it in their left hand and hide it because of shame. People will say “what is wrong with this book that does not leave anything.” There are three places where nobody will care about the other – one of them is when you get this book. Prostration to Allah (swt) All the believers will prostrate themselves to Allah (swt). The hypocrites will not be able to bow, their backs will be become solid. The first to enter Paradise is the Prophet Mohammad (saw). He will knock on the door and the guard will say “to you I was commanded to open the door and I would not open it for anybody else.” Poor people will enter paradise before the rich person because they have less money to be asked about. Prophet Mohammad (saw) said you will be asked about 4 things: “Your life, your youth, your knowledge, and your wealth (where did you get it and how did you spend it).” We should not take this to mean that it‟s bad to be rich, many companions were wealthy but they spent their wealth in the cause of Allah.
8-12-06 The bridge over Jahannam It is thinner than a hair, sharper than a sword, hellfire underneath. How can you cross it? The more your actions are good, then the faster you will cross the path. The Prophet (saw) mentioned the types of people. The fastest group of people will cross it in the blink of an eye. The next group is like light. The next group is like a speedy wind. The next group is like speedy people. And then there will be people walking, crawling, and people slipping. Some people will be scratched and some people thrown down. The Tunnel If you have a right to take from your brother, you will take it here. This is where your hearts will be purified. The people who will come out of hellfire will be cleansed in this tunnel. Paradise. Names of paradise – jannah, rowda, ghorfa, Gates of paradise – 8 gates. The Prophet (saw) said there were 8 gates, different people for different things. There is a gate for people who fast, who make salat, who make jihad. Abu Bakr (ra) will be called from all of them. The doors are like from adan to najd (like 1000 miles) and they will be crowded. Location of Paradise – it is already prepared – Allah said so in the Quran. Lots of other proofs like the windows into it from the graves of the martyrs. Greeting – salam. Bliss of paradise – eternity. The food of paradise – always fresh. The taste is not comparable to what you eat here. Utensils of gold and silver. The Soil of Paradise is saphron. The roads are rubies and gems. The blocks are gold. The rooms are transparent. The people will not sweat, defecate. The rivers are of honey milk wine. Ranks of paradise – it‟s like a dome. So on the lower level you have most people. A level higher you have less people and so on until you reach a level where there is only one person who is the Prophet (saw). The level is al-waseela. The roof of paradise is the Throne of Allah. The last one to enter Jannah he will just ask to come closer to a tree and see that it is near the gates of paradise, then he keeps asking until he is given 10 times of all he can think to ask. The greatest pleasure in paradise is to see the face of Allah. The Prophet (saw) said he anticipates Muslims will be one fourth of the people of paradise and the companions said “allahu Akbar” and then 1/3 and then ½. 8-13-06 Nature of hellfire 69 times greater than any fire on earth Kindled 3000 years Neck that has eyes Doors of hellfire: 7 Guardians of hellfire: 19 (mentioned in sura mudathir) The tree of zaqum: the tree of the zaqum is the tree of the disbeliever – it will be boiling in your bellies. Instead of fruits, you have heads of devils
Food of hellfire: the thorn of the rose – the people eat thorns. Drink of hellfire: Mattresses and blankets of fire. The Prophet (saw) said that a man will be brought and he was the happiest man on earth. He will be dipped into the hellfire and asked if he has ever experienced happiness. He‟ll answer no. Another man will be brought who was the most miserable man on earth. He will be dipped into jannah and asked if he ever experiencd any misery. He‟ll answer no. Sura fajr – on that day, nobody shall punish as his punishment and nobody shall bind as he binds Types of Punishment Liars – lips are being cut with huge scissors Adulterers – the people will seek refuge from the smell of them Punishments for the people who abandon prayer, who eat the wealth of the orphan The lightest punishment is the one given the Prophet‟s (saw) uncle who will have a slipper of fire and it is so hot it will make his brain boil. In another narration, it is just two stones under his heels and he will think that he has the heaviest punishment. The punishment is doubled and the bodies are enlarged – the tooth of the dweller of hellfire will be like mount uhud. Levels of punishment The worst punishment will be those who cannot see the face of Allah. Some people will get out of it. The intercession of the Prophet (saw) will let some people who don‟t deserve it go to jannah. The Prophet (saw) said the person most deserving of the Prophet‟s (saw) intercession is the one who says la ilaha ilalla sincerely. Next is the one who praises the Prophet. The martyr intercedes for 70. The first people punished on theday of judgment will be 3 muslims: the martyr, the donor, the scholar. The disbelievers will constantly ask for forgiveness, but Allah does not take them out of hellfire because if they were put back, they will disbelieve. It will be said some of my servants will be brought to you and you mocked them. They will say “O Malik, would that your Lord will put an end to us? He will say Nay but you will abide” – they will asked to simply die as the animals died. The problem is that when muslims hear the ayats about hellfire they apply them to other people, and when they hear the ayats of janna, they think they are given it as though they have some kind of contract with Allah. Imagine you saw an animal burned by fire. Save yourself from the fire even with half a date. Once a man saw the chicken turning in the fire like the shwarma things and he remembered the ayah “see how their faces turn in the hellfire” There is consensus that hellfire is forever. It is not true that ibn taimiyyah said that it is not forever, and if he did, it‟s a mistake. The Quran is clear. 9-9-06 Sixth Pillar of Iman Divine Decree Qada3 w‟al Qadr (gets complicated in Arabic to understand what these words mean) Hadith gibreel “and to believe in the divine decree, whether it‟s good or bad.” Can we attribute goodness or badness to the divine decree? The prophet used to say in dua “the goodness is in your hands but the evil is from your servant”
Why is this topic important? First it is a pillar of faith. 1) many sects deviated because of this. Why do people deviate on this? It is very easy to follow your desires and blame things on Allah. 2) people don‟t know how to reconcile between the commands of Allah (swa) and the decree that was predestined. People need to learn how to accept the bad as well as the good. Questions: 1) Are you obliged to do what you did or do you have a choice? 2) Doesn‟t Allah know what we‟re going to do? Why are we responsible for our actions. 9-10-06 Four levels of divine decree: 1. knowledge 2. writing of the decree itself. 3. Will of Allah 4. Creation Knowledge of Allah You have to know that Allah knows how things will happen and how things happen and how things would have happened if things happened differently, etc. So you have to believe that the knowledge of Allah has no limits. So there is nothing that happens or has happened or will happen in the future that Allah does not know about. Writing of the Decree Allah has written everything that will happen and everything the creation will do in the preserved tablet lawhil mahfoodh Allah wrote these things 50 thousand years before creation. Will of Allah Can anything happen in this world that Allah did not will it to happen. That does not mean he WANTS everything to happen. Creation Allah created the actions of the creation. Zumr:62 – Allah is the creator of everything. Our actions are something, so Allah created them. In another ayah, “and Allah created you and that which you do.” So why does Allah allow people to disbelieve? Because Allah is just, and he gave you free will. Basic principles to understand when discussing the divine decree: 1 – Allah is not in need of his creation. The obedience won‟t help him nor the sins would harm him. 2 – Allah is The Just. He doesn‟t wrong his creation, whoever entered paradise did so by the mercy of Allah. And whoever is punished deserved it. 3 – the slaves were given free will. A) only adults are responsible and B) no punishment for coercion and C) Allah sent messengers with books and miracles for guidance.
9-17-06 Hadith Adam and Musa – sahih al bukhari kitab of anbiya
Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "Adam and Moses argued with each other. Moses said to Adam. 'You are Adam whose mistake expelled you from Paradise.' Adam said to him, 'You are Moses whom Allah selected as His Messenger and as the one to whom He spoke directly; yet you blame me for a thing which had already been written in my fate before my creation?"' Allah's Apostle said twice, "So, Adam overpowered Moses."
Questions: 1) why did Musa blame adam? Does it matter, they‟re in paradise now.. 2) Did Adam wrong humanity? 3) How did Adam overpower Musa? 4) Isnt‟ this hadith an excuse for people to disobey Allah? Did adam sin? Yes. Was his repentance accepted? Yes. So it‟s not someone‟s business for someone else to come to adam later and blame him for something that Allah forgave him for. Are we suffering from adam‟s mistake? No, where were we at the time? Not there. musa already knows that Allah forgave the sin of adam, therefore: - Musa blamed adam for turning himself and his progeny away from paradise, not for sinning. Therefore, adam overpowered musa - The uslim is instructed to submit to Allah and accept Qadar as Allah says “no kind of calamity can occur except by the leave of Allah” - Adam did‟nt wrong his offspring. They were born after him. the sin he committed was forgiven after he asked for forgiveness. - “Then adam received from his Lord words and he relented toward him” - If adam took qadar as an excuse then he wouldn‟t blame himself for sinning and he wouldn‟t ask for forgiveness and instead say oh Allah that is your decree, but he did‟nt say that. So the difference between Adam (as) and a sinner who blames Qadar is that Adam asked for forgiveness – he knew that he wronged himself and he asked for forgiveness - If adam took Qadar as an excuse then he would‟ve asked Allah not to send him down to the earth because it‟s Allah who decreed that on him, but that‟s not what happened. - Adam was sent down to earth as a test. – that‟s the Qadar of Allah. Conclusion for Qadar Allah created us for a reason, he tests us and we are to submit to Allah and we are to ask Allah his guidance. That‟s what we do in every rakat – “ehdina seraat al-mustakeen” Whenever a calamity befalls us, it‟s from Allah but we have to be patient. The Prophet said in dua that when a hard time falls on you, you persevere and believe in the Qadar of Allah Whenever we disobey Allah then we have to ask forgiveness So the servant is between patience and thankfulness If something happens that you don‟t like, you should be patient and if something good happens, then thank Allah. Allah promised the kuffar forgiveness if they accepted Islam. “tell those who disbelieve that if they cease from persecution of believers that which is past will be forgiven them”
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Therefore, if a disbeliever kills a Muslim then he accepts Islam, the relatives of the martyr can‟t ask for his punishment. And that‟s the true acceptance of Qadar. The messengers and the prophets were the most patient people – the Prophet never sought revenge for himself The Muslim is always pleased with the Qadar of Allah
Disbelief What is the difference between kufr and shirk Are they synonymous? Every shirk is kufr, not every kufr is shirk. It‟s a very serious accusation – if you are kafir, you do not inherit, you do not get buried in a muslim cemetery, no janazah, you do not enter jannah. He is automatically divorced from a muslim woman. This is a very serious topic – when individuals start labeling kafir etc. it causes fitna. This is how the fitna started with the khawarij. – example. Abdur rahman ibn munjim killed ali, they consider him the best of them. The poet said this stab in which ali was killed it was by a righteous man who only sought the pleasure of Allah, when I remember that man, I anticipate he was the heaviest in scale. Types of Kufr 1) kufr in Tawheed “indeed those who disbelieve, whether you warn them or you don‟t warn them” 2:6 2) Denying the favor “Be grateful to me and deny me not” 2:152 3) Disowning “Then on the day of judgment, you‟ll disown yourselves from one another” 29:25 4) Rejecting “then when came to them what they knew, they rejected it” 2:89 5) Covering up “those who cover up liked it” 57:20 Definition of Kufr Denying what‟s known by necessity of religion Beliefs sayings and actions that contradict the Islamic faith
Branches of Kufr Doing one of these brings you closer to kufr, it lessens your iman Principles 10 famous principles of kufr: Shirk, denying what is known by religion, making fun of the Prophet (saw), Nifaq, Ruling by other than the law of Allah, attacking the companions, abandoning the religion, etc. 1) apostasy (ar-ridda) Definition – linguistically, to return. The one who turns back after he believes. 9-24-06 Punishment of the Apostate Why a punishment at all? The Prophet (saw) said “whoever changed his religion, kill him” – there is no doubt in the authenticity of this hadith. Some scholars argue that it is a weak narration and not mutawatir.
Also, ibn masood said the Prophet (saw) said (in bukhari and muslim) – “it is not lawful to kill any muslim except in one of three cases, the adultery that is married, the murderer that killed unjustly, and the one who leaves the religion.” Considering the following hadiths: 4:137. Those who believe, then reject Faith, then believe (again) and (again) reject Faith, and go on increasing In unbelief,- Allah will not forgive them nor guide them nor guide them on the way. How can they believe and disbelieve and then believe again if we kill them? 18:29. Say, "The truth is from your Lord": let Him who believe, and let Him who will, reject (it): for the wrong-doers we have a Fire whose (smoke and flames), like the walls and roof of a tent, hem them in: if They implore relief They will be granted water like melted that will scald their faces, How dreadful the drink! How uncomfortable a to recline on! 5:54. O ye who believe! if any from among you turn back from His Faith, soon will Allah produce a people whom He will love As They will love him,- lowly with the believers, mighty against the rejecters, Fighting In the way of Allah, and never afraid of the reproaches of such As find fault. that is the Grace of Allah, which He will bestow on whom He pleaseth. and Allah Encompasseth all, and He knoweth all things. In sahih al bukhari, a Bedouin came to the Prophet (saw), then that night, he said oh messenger, give me back my pledge, the Prophet (saw) refused. The next day, the man asked again and the Prophet (saw) refused. A third time and then the man ran away. The Prophet said “medina is like purification.. (something about stones)” – he didn‟t kill him. But the Prophet heard a woman named umm marwan who apostated so he sent a companion to her – ask her to repent, if not, then kill her. Before Islam, the ayah is clear, no compulsion in religion. This can only be in an Islamic state. Also, all scholars say that the one who does not pray is killed. “Causing people to leave the religion is a bigger sin than killing people” (in sura bakara) 2:217…. nor will They cease Fighting you until They turn you back from your Faith if They can. and if any of you turn back from their Faith and die In Unbelief, their works will bear no fruit In This life and In the Hereafter; They will be companions of the Fire and will abide therein. 47:25-27 sura muhammad 25. Those who turn back As apostates after guidance was clearly shown to them,- the evil one has instigated them and busied them up with false hopes. 26. This, because They said to those who hate what Allah has revealed, "We will obey you In part of (this) matter"; but Allah knows their (inner) secrets. 27. But How (will it be) when the angels take their souls at death, and smite their faces and their backs? Divisions of disbelief 1 – disbelief in Actions 2 – disbelief in denial or rejection The disbelief in rejection is to disbelieve in what the messenger (saw) came with from Allah The disbelief in action is divided into what invalidates Islam and what does not (killing a Prophet = kufr regardless of how you feel about the religion). 9-30-06
The indefinite kufr and the specific Kafir What does this mean? When we say “anybody who does this is doing kufr” – that is indefinite kufr. But specific kafir is when we say “This individual is a kafir” Many principles of kufr like disrespecting the Quran. We can say general things like “disrespecting the Quran is kufr” – then we have someone who comes and disrespects the Quran, is he necessarily a kafir? No. “It is not to anyone to say about any Muslim he‟s kafir even if he erred or made a mistake until the evidence is established against him, for whoever was Muslim with certainty does not become a kafir with suspicion.” Ibn taymiyah Vol. 12:466 So nobody can say about anyone he‟s a kafir until the conditions apply and the preventions do not apply. Conditions of Takfir 1) the evidence (that the action is kufr) 2) the identification of the ruling on the person himself. (the action is kufr, does it apply to that person) Preventions from Kufr 1) Ignorance (he didn‟t know it was kufr) Proof: sura isra “and we never punish until we have sent a messenger”) “whoever lived in a land away from any sort of knowledge and did not know about Islam then he‟s excused.” “whoever became a Muslim recently and denied something which is from Islam then he‟s also excused” – proof = hadith about the thaatu anwaat (tree of shirk) “hadith about the man who wanted his ashes scattered to prevent Allah from resurrecting him” – this is kufr but Allah forgave him. “Musnad imam ahmad “Four people on the day of judgment, deaf, insane, very old man, and a person who died in the day of the period. The deaf says “I didn‟t hear” the insane says “they kids threw pebbles at me” the old man says “I didn‟t understand” and the man fom the period would say “no messenger came to me” So Allah gives them a covenant to obey and if they pass the test to enter hellfire, and it‟ll be peace and cool.” * However, any ignorance that could be lifted by the responsible person is not an excuse. Laziness is not an excuse * There‟s a difference between someone who has access to knowledge and someone who does not. What about Christians in america that have negative attitudes about Islam? Are the responsible? Yes, because they could just look it up. They don‟t form such simple attitudes about money, etc. why religion? * There‟s also a difference between clear issues of religion and subtle issues. *what is the ruling in this life on the one who disbelieves from ignorance? Is he kafir? Proof: 11:50 “To the 'Ad people (We sent) Hud, one of their own brethren. He said: "O My people! worship Allah. ye have no other god but Him. (your other gods) ye do nothing but invent!” The point of this ayah is Hud was sent to people that were ignorant and he referred to them as people who tell lies! That means that even though they are ignorant, they are kuffar in this life and we treat them as such. Take the opposite as an example, we treat hypocrites as Muslims in this life yet they are in hellfire on the day of judgement 10-01-06 Establishing the evidence
*two conditions for establishing the evidence: a) the ability to acquire knowledge b) the ability to apply it *Difference between establishing the evidence and understanding the evidence. What about people that say “I don‟t get it, I don‟t understand” – realize that the Prophet‟s job was simply to convey the message, not to make every single individual understand. 2) Error: * Some people commit kufr by mistake. Like the man who misspeaks like the one who lost his camel and said “oh Allah you are my slave and I am your master!” As if someone intended to judge according to Islam but his judgement was not Islamic. Proof: the one who does ijtehad and makes a mistake will have one reward. 3) Suspicion If someone had a suspicion of an idea and it was based on an evidence but it was a wrong idea, are they excused? The shia say “Allah commands you to slaughter a cow” means “Allah commands you to slaughter Aisha.” Can you use evidence this way? Consider the ayah: 93. On those who believe and do deeds of righteousness there is no blame for what They eat, when They guard themselves from evil, and believe, and do deeds of righteousness,- (or) again, guard themselves from evil and believe,- (or) again, guard themselves from evil and do good. for Allah loveth those who do good. It says, you can eat whatever you want. Does this mean that if you‟re a pious person, you can drink alcohol by your interpretation 4) Compulsion The story is the story of ammar ibn yassir who was tortured until he uttered disbelief and then he came back crying to the Prophet (saw). “any one who, after accepting faith in Allah, utters disbelief except under compulsion, his heart remaining firm in Faith, but such as open their breast to unbelief, on them is wrath from Allah, and theirs will be a dreadful penalty.” What constitutes force or compulsion? Scholars differ. Usually say it has something to do with lifethreatening force or even something that will make your life difficult, like chopping off your hand. 5) 6) Reminder – It‟s important not to accuse anyone of kufr. Also, important to check intentions. 10-07-06 Loving the friends of Allah and hating the enemies of Allah Ayah in surah ali imran “Let not the believers take disbelievers for their friends in preference to believers. Whoever does this has no connection with Allah unless you are guarding yourselves against them as a precaution. Allah bids you to beware of Himself. And to Allah is the journeying.”
5:51. O ye who believe! take not the Jews and the Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends and protectors to Each other. and He amongst you that turns to them (for friendship) is of them. Verily Allah guideth not a people unjust. 5:80. Thou seest many of them turning In friendship to the Unbelievers. evil indeed are (the works) which their souls have sent forward before them (with the result), that Allah.s wrath is on them, and In torment will They abide. 5:81. If only They had believed In Allah, In the Messenger, and In what hath been revealed to him, never would They have taken them for friends and protectors, but Most of them are rebellious wrong-doers. “The strongest bond of faith is loyalty for the sake of Allah and opposition for his sake; love for the sake of Allah and enmity for his sake” Does these ayaat mean that if you have a non-muslim friend, or if you love your Christian wife or jewish mother, you‟re a kafir? No This is talking about matters of religion. 10-08-06 Loving the friends of Allah and hating the enemies of Allah. Ibn Aqil (famous hanbali scholar) says: If you wanted to know Islma in your time then don‟t look at their flocking on the gates of the masajid or their crowds in arafah, but look to their help to the enemies of the religion. So what does it mean to be awliya or wilaya? Is it properly translated as friend? Wala‟ includes: loving them for their iman supporting them in their deen giving advice to them (meaning naseeha) praying for them Bara‟ includes: Disowning or disassociating Hating their religion (just means hating the kufr – note, even shahada begins with negation, “la”) Hadith “whoever testifies la ilaha ilallah and disbelieves in that which is worshipped besides Allah has fulfilled iman” Staying away from them (in matters of religion) Disagreeing with them (in matters of religion) What‟s the ruling of someone who lives in the land of disbelievers willfully approving what they‟re doing of their religion or praising them or pleasing them by ridiculing the Muslims? He‟s kafir During the time of the Prophet (saw) some rich meccan kids did not want to migrate. At that time migration was mandatory for Muslims – because what kind of Muslim are you if you live in lands of kuffar. This ayah was revealed about them: 97. When angels take the souls of those who die In sin against their souls, They say: "In what (plight) were ye?" They reply: "Weak and oppressed were we In the earth." They say: "Was not the earth of Allah spacious Enough for you to move yourselves away (from evil)?" such men will find their abode In Hell,what an evil refuge! -
Ibn kathir says: “this ayah is general and includes everyone who resides amongst the disbelievers while he‟s unable to practice his religion and he has the choice to migrate then he‟s a wrongdoers and sinful.” (note, this part is in the Arabic part and not in the English part) Sheikh says “land of kufr is the land where the kufr rulings are applied and it is ruled by non-muslims and the majority of its residents are non-muslims, and the lands of Islam are lands where Muslim rulings are applied and the majority of its residents are Muslims” Resembling the kuffar: Prophet said “whoever resembles a people, then he is one of them” At the very least, this hadith says it‟s forbidden to resemble the kuffar. The absolute resemblance is kufr. Means even in matters that are not religion – 100% resemblance in all things. Purchasing a Christmas tree – depends on your intention, if you bought the tree for Christmas, it‟s kufr Thanksgiving – if it‟s just the custom of the people and not religious, it‟s ok Narration in musannaf abi shaiba where ali accepted a present for nairoooz Interfaith activities – where all religions are the same and all of them are ok. We‟re all abrahamic faith.
End of first exam mid term
11-05-06 aqeeda blaspheming Allah does it nullify iman? What about cursing Allah? Is the act kufr? Does it make someone kafir? Is it a really big deal? Ibn al qayim says the core of iman is love and reverence. Anything that contradicts it is kufr. Ibadah has to be done with love and devotion. Evidences 9:65-66 “was it Allah and his verses and his messenger that you were mocking make no excuses, you have disbelieved after having faith?” what if you were upset or just joking? The ayah is clear, “make NO excuses” Also it was revealed about people who said they were just joking. 33:57 – “Verily, those who annoy Allah and his Messenger Allah has cursed them in this world, and in the Hereafter, and has prepared for them a humiliating punishment” how can we annoy Allah? Allah revealed in a divine narrative that the son of adam annoys me by cursing the time when I have the time. Ijma of ulema unanimously agreed that whoever cursed Allah and his Messenger is a kafir. So not only the act is kufr but the one who does it is kafir. Even if the person was joking or whatever, it is the greatest of nullifiers. Ignorance is not an excuse – you cannot say “I didn't know it was kufr, I would not have said so if I knew it was kufr” because the ayah was revealed about those that were just joking. What is blasphemy? Any word that's meant to ridicule or harm or put down in the sane minds. 11-11-06 NULLIFIERS OF IMAN Blasphemy to Allah or His Messenger Which is worse? Making fun or cursing? Cursing because maybe you could say you were just joking. Even so , the ones who made fun of the Prohpet we say they are kuffar. Evidence? Was it Allah etc that you were mocking? Sura taubah. Allah says “but those who hurt Allah’s messenger will have a painful punishment” 9:61. Full ayah: 61. Among them are men who hurt the prophet and say, "He is (all) ear." say, "He listens to what is best for you: He believes In Allah, has Faith In the believers, and is a Mercy to those of you who believe." but those who hurt the Messenger will have a grievous penalty. They said the Prophet listens to things that are not his business. Is this hurting? Allah considers it so. So much so that 2 ayats later, Hurting = opposition. Is opposition kufr? Yes it is the greatest kufr. The term “muhaaddah” opposition with animosity, it‟s not mere opposition. Loving those who oppose Allah and his Messenger. 58:22 . Thou wilt not find any people who believe In Allah and the Last Day, loving those who resist Allah and His Messenger, Even though They were their fathers or their sons, or their brothers, or their kindred. for such He has written Faith In their hearts, and strengthened them with a spirit from Himself. and He will admit them to Gardens beneath which rivers flow, to dwell therein (for
ever). Allah will be well pleased with them, and They with Him. They are the party of Allah. truly it is the party of Allah that will achieve felicity. So the proof that cursing Allah is kufr? Ayah 9:61, then ayah 9:63, then ayah 58:22 A sign of kufr. The people complained about the distribution of booty 9:58. And among them are men who slander Thee In the matter of (the distribution of) the alms: if They are given part thereof, They are pleased, but if not, Behold! They are indignant! And then: 9:56. They swear by Allah that They are indeed of you; but They are not of you: yet They are afraid (to appear In their true colours). In general study ayats 9:54-58 54. The only reasons why their contributions are not accepted are: that They reject Allah and His Messenger. that They come to prayer without earnestness; and that They offer contributions unwillingly. 55. Let not their wealth nor their (following in) sons dazzle thee: In reality Allah.s plan is to punish them with these things In This life, and that their souls may perish In their (very) denial of Allah. 56. They swear by Allah that They are indeed of you; but They are not of you: yet They are afraid (to appear In their true colours). 57. If They could find a place to flee to, or caves, or a place of concealment, They would turn straightaway thereto, with an obstinate rush. 58. And among them are men who slander Thee In the matter of (the distribution of) the alms: if They are given part thereof, They are pleased, but if not, Behold! They are indignant! So if blaming and finding fault in the decree of the Prophet is kufr, isn‟t blaming Allah and the decree of Allah kufr? 33:57 Those who annoy Allah and His Messenger - Allah has cursed them In This world and In the Hereafter, and has prepared for them a humiliating punishment. What about cursing the believers in general? 33:58. And those who annoy believing men and women undeservedly, bear (on themselves) a calumny and a glaring sin. It‟s a sin, but is it kufr? Maybe if you curse them only for being muslim. What if a disbeliever curses the Prophet ? in an Islamic state, a Christian or jew curses the prophet he should be killed. just like if a muslim curses the prophet, he should be killed. Consensus reported by Ibn al mundir and ishaq ibn rahawaih that whoever cursed the Prophet should be killed. (there is an opinion in the madhab abu hanifa that they are kafir and they are only adding to their kufr so they should not be killed) Why didn‟t the Prophet punish the hypocrites or the others that cursed him for a few reasons: 1) it was the right of the Prophet (saw) to forgive that 2) the Prophet (saw) didn‟t want people to think that the Prophet (saw) is killing his own companions – it wasn‟t clear to people who was a munafiq.
11-12-06 Making fun of religion it invalidates the iman based on the ayat of sura at-tawba. Belief is based on respecting the religion and honoring it and that‟s contradicted by mockery.
Making fun of the companions 9:100 Allah is pleased with the companions. Surah al-hashr ayah 8-9 “and it is for the poor fugitives who have been driven out from their homes and their belongings, who seek bounty from Allah and help Allah and His messenger. They are the loyal.” This is talking about muhajireen. As for ansar: “those who entered the city and the faith before them love those who flee unto them for refuge, and find in their breasts no need for that which hath been given them, but prefer the fugitives above themselves through poverty become their lot, and whoso is saved from his avarice – those are the successful” “those who after them say: Our Lord forgive us, and our brethren who came before us into the faith, and leave not, in our hearts rancour against those who have believed. Our Lord! Thou art indeed full of kindness, most merciful.” Sura fatH, juz 26 – mohd is the messenger of Allah and those who are with him are severe against disbelievers and merciful amongst themselves. You see them bowing down and prostrate. Hadith “beware of belittling my companions. If you spend gold in the cause of Allah the size of mount uhud, you will not reach a handful of what they did.” Aisha was asked about those who disrespect the companions so she said “don‟t be sad because the companions are given a high status in the afterlife. Perhaps they did not earn it with their deeds, but they are earning it through the hasanat of those that backbite them.” The companions are trustworthies and the best generation but they are not infallible. They are human beings. Just because they were forgiven and given a high status does not mean they are not human – the khawarij did not understand this. Dangers of belittling them: - they are the ones who conveyed the Message of islam to use – compiled the Quran,etc. - They are the ones whom Allah chose for the companionship of his Prophet. Accusing them of being bad is like saying the Prophet keeps bad company. Also in sura nisa , when Allah spoke about the people who believed earlier and believed later (before the opening of mecca and the people after the opening of mecca) Allah has promised both parties paradise. You cannot reach the level of those who believed before the opening of mecca. What if you say abu bakr is a kafir? Then scholars agreed that you are a kafir. Because the Quran said Abu Bakr is a friend. What if you say a sahaba is unjust? That‟s a mistake, a sin, but not kufr. Scholars agreed that whoever cursed the companions in total then he‟s a disbeliever because he‟s denying the Quran and the sunnah. The messenger said “the sign of iman is loving the ansar, and the sign of hypocrisy is hatred to them.” – sahih muslim. In another narration “whoever loved them for my love and whoever hated them for hating me.” 11-29-06 (makeup for 11-24 & 11-25) Levels of ruling with other than Allah‟s law
Ruling by the Sharia‟ What if someone said “all the rulings of Islam are valid but 1400 years ago” or someone said “I know Islamic rulings are good and perfect, but I think the current laws are better” – when Allah says to cut off the hands of the thief and someone else comes and says “no that‟s too harsh” Importance of Allah‟s laws It is mandatory to judge according to Sharia Allah commanded his prophet to judge according to his rulings. Ayah in sura nisa:105 – “we have indeed sent the book down to you in truth in order for you to judge between people with what Allah has guided you with.” and also in another ayah. This was the command from Allah to the messenger. What is the reason Allah sent down the Quran. One of the main reasons was for implementation. 4:105. We have sent down to Thee the Book In truth, that Thou mightest judge between men, As guided by Allah. so be not (used) As an advocate by those who betray their trust; Also 2:213. and with them He sent the Book In truth, to judge between people In matters wherein They differed; but the people of the Book, after the Clear Signs came to them, did not differ among themselves, except through selfish contumacy. Allah by His Grace guided the believers to the truth, concerning that wherein They differed. for Allah guided whom He will to a path that is straight. Also 6:57, Say: "For me, I (work) on a Clear Sign from My Lord, but ye reject Him. what ye would see hastened, is not In My power. the command rests with none but Allah. He declares the truth, and He is the best of judges." 12:40. "If not him, ye worship nothing but names which ye have named,- ye and your fathers,- for which Allah hath sent down no authority: the command is for none but Allah. He hath commanded that ye worship none but him: that is the right religion, but Most men understand not... Accepting Allah as a judge means that you implement his rulings in all matters. You don‟t ignore some rulings and ignore others. Sura baqara “do you believe in part of the scripture and reject the rest.” 2:85. then is it only a part of the Book that ye believe in, and do ye reject the rest? but what is the reward for those among you who behave like This but disgrace In This life?- and on the Day of Judgment They shall be consigned to the Most grievous penalty. for Allah is not unmindful of what ye do. The ayat confirms the ruling that the people who reject some ruling are hypocrites: 24:48. When They are summoned to Allah and His apostle, In order that He may judge between them, behold some of them decline (to come). 24:49. But if the right is on their side, They come to Him with all submission. 24:50. Is it that there is a disease In their hearts? or do They doubt, or are They In fear, that Allah and His Messenger will Deal unjustly with them? Nay, it is They themselves who do wrong. 24:51. The answer of the believers, when summoned to Allah and His Messenger, In order that He may judge between them, is no other than this: They say, "We Hear and we obey": it is such As these that will attain felicity. 6:114. Say: "Shall I seek for judge other than Allah.. 18:26. Say: "(Allah) knows best How long They stayed: with is (the knowledge of) the secrets of the heavens and the earth: How clearly sees, How finely He hears (everything)! They have no Protector other than nor does He share His command with any person whatsoever. 95:8. Is not Allah the wisest of judges?
So is it permissible to judge according to secular law? Only when it does not contradict the law of God. 5:44. if any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, They are (no better than) Unbelievers. 5:45.. and if any fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, They are (no better than) wrong-doers. What if someone comes and says that ayah 45 says injustice while ayah 44 says kufr and this is unclear. No, this is the greatest injustice – Allah says that indeed, shirk is a great injustice. 5:47.. if any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, They are (no better than) those who rebel. Importance of ruling by Islamic law By necessity, worshipping Allah alone entails singling him out in making things lawful and unlawful. Obedience is a type of worship and ruling according to Islam is obedience to Allah so ruling according to Islam is part of worship. This ayah is really great because it puts command belongs to Allah right next to worship. So following the law of Allah is just like worship: 12:40. "If not him, ye worship nothing but names which ye have named,- ye and your fathers,- for which Allah hath sent down no authority: the command is for none but Allah. He hath commanded that ye worship none but him: that is the right religion, but Most men understand not... This ayah shows that taking authorities for halal and haram is like worship! So following the law of Allah is a part of worship. If you take someone‟s opinion that something is halal over Allah, then it‟s like shirk. 9:31. They take their priests and their anchorites to be their Lords In derogation of Allah, and (They take As their Lord) Christ the son of Mary; yet They were commanded to worship but one Allah. there is no god but He. Praise and glory to him: (far is He) from having the partners They associate (with Him). Levels of ruling with other than Allah‟s law To deny or reject what Allah has revealed. (like saying, what I read in the Quran is not correct)This is clear kufr To refuse to judge according to Islam. (like saying, I agree the Quran is correct, but I will do otherwise). This is kufr because this is what shaitan did. To prefer a judgment over the judgment of Allah. (even though you are following Islam, you think someone else has a better system). This is kufr because it‟s like you think someone has a better idea than Allah To equalize judging according to Islam and judging according to secular laws (to not prefer the law of Allah.) this is kufr because it‟s associating partners – it‟s like shirk. To think it‟s permissible to judge with other than Allah‟s law. Also kufr – Allah is saying he is the best of judges, and you think you can do better. To judge in an individual matter with other than Allah‟s rulings for your own whims and desires. This is not kufr – this is a sin because you are not saying that the law of Allah is not good enough, you are just following your desires in an individual matter.
Participating in Parliament
Legislating according to other than Allah‟s law is haram. Even if you vote down something sinful, it is not permissible because you are empowering the majority to make haram, not making haram because of the will of Allah. What about what Yusuf did? He was the governor of Egypt. What if you don‟t believe it‟s okay to legislate but you‟re only voting to change the situation or to prevent an evil, then is it okay? Does it depend on intention? Does the inteinot matter when prostrating to an idol? No, then why here? Basically, the system is kufr, it is kufr to think that a congress of people can legislate against what Allah has legislated. Does that mean that One of the great scholars, a man came to him and said “it is my job to take taxes” – it is haram to take taxes from muslims, only zakat. If I left this job, someone will come and take more. The scholar said “ you have to keep your job, if you left it you will be committing a sin by allowing someone to come in and do more harm to muslims.” 11-30-06 (makeup for 11-24 & 11-25) Nullifiers of iman continued Abandoning the prayer Hadith “The head of the matter is islam and the pillar of it is salat and the hump of it is jihad” Remember from seerah class – the only ibadad mandated in heaven was prayer and also it was the only thing that the Prophet (s) received directly from Allah – all other things came from Gibreel. Is the person who doesn‟t pray a kafir? Scholars differed – they agreed on some things and differed on others. All agree on the following: 1) If they abandoned the prayer out of arrogance, they are kafir – this is like shaitan. 2) If he denied the ordinance of prayer, this is kufr 3) If he made fun of prayer (it‟s only for dumb people), this is kufr 4) If he forgot to pray, they all agree this is not kufr 5) If he didn‟t pray for laziness, they differ. First opinion, abandoning the prayer for laziness is kufr. Majority opinion Evidence – 74:42-43. "What led you into Hell Fire? They will say: "We were not of those who prayed;” Means it takes you to hellfire directly. 9:11. But (even so), if They repent, establish regular prayers, and practise regular charity,- They are your brethren In faith: (thus) do we explain the Signs In detail, for those who understand. Means whoever does not pray is not a brethren in religion Hadith “between the man and kufr or shirk abandoning the prayer” Hadith – the prophet was asked about the unjust rulers shall we not fight them? He said “no, unless they don‟t pray.” Means even if the ruler is completely unjust, his blood is only halal if he doesn‟t pray. Hadith “the covenant between us and them is prayer. Whoever abandoned it then he disbelieved.”
Prophet said “whoever didn‟t pray asr then his actions are null.” This is an evidence because as long as you are muslim, your actions are weighed against your sins. The only person The companions of the messenger used not to see any action that would be kufr if it‟s not done except prayer. Second opinion, abandoning the prayer for laziness is not kufr. Shafi opinion Quran “indeed, Allah forgives not associating partners with him yet he forgives anything else. Hadith “five prayers Allah has mandated them in a day and night, whoever perfected them with ruku and khushoo he has a coveneant from Allah to be forgiven. Whoever didn‟t do so then he has no covenant from Allah, if he willed he may foive him or he may punish him.” sunan at-tirmidhi. The first group says this hadith is not authentic. Means he‟s not a kafir if he can be forgiven. Prophet muath ibn jabal said “whoever said la ilaha illallah will enter paradise” Hadith hudaifa “there will be people coming at the end of times that will know nothing of Islam except la ilaha illallah” and he was asked how will that help them and he turned away, asked again, turned away, and asked a third time and he said “it will save them from fire.” Sheikh believes the correct opinion is in between, that if someone doesn‟t pray one or two times, then he‟s in sin, but if someone doesn‟t pray many many years like 5 years, then he‟s kafir because of numerous hadith.
Magic Definition – what about the magicians on tv who hide things? It‟s not what we‟re talking about even though the ayah says about the magicians of musa that they only deceived the eyes. Hadith: Avoid seven major sins “association with Allah, magic…” Allah says “the magician will never be successful” 20:69 Alah says 2:102. They followed what the evil ones gave out (falsely) against the power of Solomon: the disbelievers Were, not Solomon, but the evil ones, teaching men Magic, and such things As came down at babylon to the angels Harut and Marut. but neither of these taught anyone (Such things) without saying: "We are only for trial; so do not disbelieve." They learned from them the means to sow discord between man and wife. but They could not Thus harm anyone except by Allah.s permission. and They learned what harmed them, not what profited them. and They knew that the buyers of (magic) would have no portion In the happiness of the Hereafter. and vile was the price for which They did sell their souls, if They but knew! Is it kufr? Some say magic is not disbelieving because it‟s not shirk by itself, some say you will do shirk and kufr in learning magic, things like urinating over the Quran, mixing Quran with blood, etc. Hanafi says you can learn it to protect yourself from magic – tha‟ts not kufr Shafi says if in learning it, you do kufr, then you‟re kafir. Why did scholars differ? Evidences are interpreted differently
Different categories of Magic Difference in the definition of magic ( some include illusion or even words ) What did the companions do? Omar sent a letter to kill every magician Hafsa found out her slave girl did magic, so she killed her
12-02-06 Difference of opinion on whether this invalidates Islam: Soothsaying scholars generally mention this chapter after the chapter of magic who is the soothsayer? The one who claims knowledge of the future and tells people about incidents. Is this kufr? The one who claims to know what he doesn‟t‟ know is lying – but is lying kufr? No. but this is more than lying. Allah says: “say: none in the heavens and the earth knows the unseen except Allah” So you are disbelieving in the Quran Wha‟ts the unseen? The future primarily. Sahih Muslim “Whoever goes to a fortuneteller and asks him about something his prayer will not be accepted for 40 days.” – doesn‟t this mean that it‟s not kufr? It is only his prayer and it will be accepted again after 40 days. But this is just the one who ASKS. “whoever goes to a fortuneteller and believes him in what he says, then he has disbelieved in what was revealed to Muhammad (saw)” abu dawood, tirmithi, an-nisai and ibn majah. – this means believing in what was said makes you kafir. The one who is a fortuneteller is kafir as well. Go to the book page 173-178 of explanation of kitab at-tawhid. We‟ll be asked about the book. Astrology Tanjeem comes from najm (star). Means you look to the stars. This involves a few different things: 1. to believe that the stars themselves do things that effect the earth as a result of the stars. Kufr. 2. zodiac: seeking guidance in the movement of the stars for what will occur in the land. Kufr. 3. the one who knows the stars and the movements in order to know the directions and the times. (this is actually astronomy and is permissible) Qatada “Allah created the stars for three purposes, adornment for the sky, missiles for the devils, and signs that are used for guidance. Therefore, whoever interprets them for other than that has erred, lost his share, and taken upon himself that which he has no knowledge of.” Book page 189-192. Pessimism (Bad Omen) The condemned pessimism is what causes you to stop doing what is good based on what you didn‟t like. This is more like a bad omen. Why is this haram? You are denying the power of Allah, “Whoever refrained for Tiarah then he committed shirk”. Ahmad “there is no contagion and no bad omen” – isn‟t there communicable disease? Yes, but the Prophet (s) is saying that everything happens by the will of Allah. This is mentioned in Sura yaseen Book page 182-188.
Dua “O Allah there is no Tair but from you. And there is no good except from you and there is no God but you.” 12-03-06 Another nullifier of iman Make sure to read the 3 chapters of the book covered yesterday for the exam. Turning away from the religion Note – belief entails obedience and actions like prayer, fasting, zakat, and hajj. If someone accepts Islam and does none of these things, is he a Muslim? No. How do you prove it? What about the people who say shahahda and say the Prophet (s) said whoever said la ilaha illallah will enter paradise. What about the people who rely on this hadith? The Prophet (s) said „say la ilaha illallah with sincerity” – that‟s the key. What about the hadith of 99 scrolls? Answer: That was before Islam, the Prophet only told the companions to show them the mercy of God. Therefore, it‟s impossible to find someone who has established iman while he never prayed or fasted Ramadan or visited the house of Allah. But does it mean they‟re kafir? How do you prove it. If iman means obedience and responding to Allah‟s commands then turning away from that totally means disbelief. There‟s a difference thought between the complete abandonment and the partial abandonment. Complete abandonment necessitates disbelief while partial abandonment depends on what‟s abandoned and does not always entail belief. Allah says “ and indeed we have given you from us a reminder. If any do turn away there from verily they will bear a buden on the day of judgment, they will abind in this state: and grievous will they burden be to them on that Day.” Allah described those who turn away from the guidance as disbelievers. “and they say: we believe in Allah and the messenger and we obey; then after that a faction of them turn away. Such are not believers.” 24:47. 4:61 When it is said to them: "Come to what Allah hath revealed, and to the Messenger.: Thou seest the Hypocrites avert their faces from Thee In disgust. Allah says “but whatsoever turns away from My Message, verily for him is a life narrowed down, and We shall raise him up blind on the Day of Judgment. He will say “Oh my Lord! Why have you raised me up blind, while I had sight.” Allah will say “thus didst though, when our signs came unto thee, disregard them: so wilt thoug, this day, be disregarded. 20:124-126. 18:57 “and who is more unjust than he who is reminded of the revelation of his lord, then he turns away from them and forgets what his two hands have sent before” 3:32 “say: obey Allah and the messenger. But if they turn away, lo! Allah loveth not the disbelievers” So what about shaitan? His kufr is in disobeying Allah – but does that mean that anybody who disobeys Allah is kafir? No, it means the person who turns away and rejects islam is kafir. So the person who doesn‟t do any action, does‟nt pray eid, doesn‟t go to juma, nothing, absolute complete abandonment of Islamic actions is kufr. Here, the sheikh is saying that complete abandonment is like turning away the way these ayats talk about. 12-10-06
Major and Minor Sins Allah sent his messengers and prophets to convey the message to people – to educate them about their Lord and his religion to tell them what is lawful and what is unlawful, to inform them that whoever obeyed Allah (s) will go to paradise, and whoever disobeyed Allah he may be punished or he may be forgiven. Punishment and reward is based on the actions we‟re doing. They‟re people who„ll be punished and kept in hell forever – disblievers. There‟ll be people who will be forgiven and taken out of hellfire after some time – believers in sin. And there are people who‟ll be forgiven and not admitted to hellfire at all. People who deserve to be punished are those that committed sins According to their sins they‟ll be punished as Allah mentioned in the Quran Based on the fact that iman increases and decreases we have sins that take from iman until there‟s only a weight of an atom of iman. The one who commits sins is still muslim but he‟s not a true believer. “4:31. If ye (but) eschew the Most heinous of the things which ye are forbidden to do, we shall expel out of you all the evil In you, and admit you to a gate of great honour.” This ayah shows there are major and minor sins. The punishments are different. Also in sura nisa “surely allah does not forgive that anyting should be associated with him and forgives what is besides that to whomsoever he pleases” Sura najm 53:32 “those who avoid great sins and shameful deeds, only falling into small faults” Messenger said “the believer does not commit adultery while he is a believer” also “he who does not pray salat asr is a disbeliever” – these are proofs that may indicate any sin is kufr. Some deviant sects didn‟t see this division so they said that iman is one thing, if it‟s gone, then they person is not a believer and he‟s disbeliever. So by committing any major sin, the person becomes disbeliever according to their deviation. This is the belief of khawarij The belief of muatazila – the one who commits adultery is not a disbeliever but he‟s “not a believer” – he‟s something in between. Their evidence is the Quran “the one who kills a believing soul his punishment is hellfire forever” How do you answer this? ahl as-sunnah says if you just look at this ayah and only this ayah, then yes it‟s hard to understand. The word here is abadan. They say this ayah, abadan means a really long time. All other mentions of abadan mean eternity. Hadith “performing hajj and umrah continuously wipes out sins that are commited within those times as long as the major sins are avoided” – muatazila says this means major sins cannot be forgiven. Ahl as sunnah says no this just means you need specific tauba too. Allah may forgive even major sins. Sura hud 11:114 “good deeds erase bad deeds” 11:114. And establish regular prayers at the two ends of the Day and at the approaches of the night: for those things, that are good remove those that are Evil: be that the word of remembrance to those who remember (Their Lord): Define major and minor sin – scholars debate this, it‟s confusing: Attempt to define major sin - “any disobedience that is punished with a curse or wrath or hellfire. or a fixed punishment in this life” Some scholars said major sins are 7, some say 70, some say 700.
The prophet mentioned 7 major sins, but he started with shirk - “shirk, then magic, then killing, then eating riba, adultery, turning away from the battlefield, accusing the innocent woman of adultery” But there are others – drinking alcohol, disobedience to parents, false testimony. Examples of minor sins – gazing at women, kissing a woman, cursing, punching someone, abusing someone because of their color, status, smoking, a woman not in hijab, shaving the beard, (when you insist on these they become major), playing chess, dice, Evidence for minor sins becoming major – the prophet (s) hadith about the black spot.and then you need to repent and then you cannot because of the heart becoming black.