Seerah Second Semester 8-5-06 History of Islam the Madinan Era Arrival of the Messenger to Medina The Prophet (saw) reached Quba on Monday. He stayed 4 days. M-Th. There he built the masjid of Quba. This was the first masjid, built even before masjid an-nabi. Nowadays, Quba is technically in Medina, back then it was outside. On the road, the Prophet (saw) prayed juma in front of 100 people. On Friday, the Prophet (saw) entered medina and it was then known as Al-Medina instead of Yathrib. Yathrib was the name of the 5th grandson of Nuh who settled there. Yathrib also means to blame. Some scholar say if you call it yathrib, you should ask forgiveness since the name was changed and the old name has a bad meaning – it should be called medina. The children started chanting Tala’ Al Badr when he came in. Imam ibn al qayyum said actually sang on the day the Prophet (saw) came back on the battle of tabuk, but it’s irrelevant (yasir qadhi favors this opinion). The prophet (saw) stayed at the house of abu ayub al ansari. He was related to the Prophet (saw) from his mother’s side. This was banu najjar where his mother was from. Some of the muhajjirs got sick since the weather was different. Abu Bakr said that a man is with his family while in reality death is closer than his shoelace. The Prophet (saw) saw in a dream that an old woman went to juhfa and he told the people that the disease has gone. Today juhfa is a miqat for the people coming from sham to do umra. Divisions of the medinan era: 1 – establishing the Islamic state. – lasted until hudaibiya. 2 – truce with the enemy. Lasted until 9 A.H. (3 years) 3 - the dominance over Arabia. Lasted form 9 A.H. Before Islam, there were 5 tribes living in Medina. 3 of the Jews and 2 of the Arab. The Jewish tribes were Banu Quraida, Banu Nadir, and Banu Qainuqa. The arab tribes of Aws and Khazraj. The arabs came there when that dam in yemen flooded and 2 of the fleeing tribes ended up in yathrib where the jews were already. When the Prophet (saw) came to Yathrib, very few of the members of the jewish tribes converted. One rabbi was abdallah ibn salaam – his story was asking the Prophet (saw) to ask the jewish leaders about him first so that they would say he is great. Abdallah ibn ubai ibn saloul – he was the leader of the hypocrites who was being prepared to be the leader of Medina. Building the Masjid – this was one of the first things he did. The land belonged to two orphans who wanted to donate the land, but the Prophet (saw) insisted on paying them for it. The lesson here is to be selfsufficient and not use people. The qibla was then facing towards Jerusalem for 16-17 months and then it was moved to kaaba. The call for prayer – people had suggestions like a bell and others. Abdallah bin zaid had a dream where he saw the adhan. So why did Bilal call the adhan? Because he had a strong voice – the lesson is to use your resources and let people take advantage of their strengths.
The community had 5 tribes and it was divided so the Prophet (saw) established the brotherhood between the muhajiroon and the ansar.
8-6-06 The brotherhood between the Muhajiroon and the ansar Why? 1) The tribal system. Without your tribe, you’ll always be considered a stranger. The Prophet didn’t want the Mujahireen to be considered strangers. 2) Also, there were 5 tribes, and now there are Muslims. We don’t want the Muslims to be two groups and add to the division so we need them to be united. 3) The need of the immigrants – their situation was difficult. The community needed to be strengthened. There is still Quraish out there. Nature of the brotherhood? How many immigrants were there? About 45. you can see the numbers from the battles. In the battle of badr, there were only 330 muslims. In the battle of uhud there were 1000. People always talk about utopia where everybody loves each other. Where did it ever happen outside of medina. One of the ansar said to abdur rahman ibn auf I will give you one of my wives and half my money. Abdur rahman answered, just show me where is the market place. And he became rich. Ali used to work for a Jewish man in his well. He was paid 1 date for every bucket of water he brought up from the well. Inheritance used to be that ansar and muhajireen would inherit from each other in their brotherhood. So the bond was even stronger than the family. It was this way until Allah sent down the ayah of inheritance. The outcome of the agreement. The Prophet (saw) did not only rely on the brotherhood, there were also jews in medina so he needed to make an agreement with the jews. The terms of the agreement are mentioned in the book. One of the terms was that the Muslims and jews live their own way of life. Neither nation is responsible for the misdeeds of the other The oppressed will be helped and supported Both nations would bear the expenses of war Quraish and their allies not to be aided or given refuge. Hypocrisy What makes someone a hypocrite? Weakness. In mecca, Muslims were a minority, there was no reason to hide kufr. When the Prophet (saw) came to medina, he gained power and people saw privileges for Muslims so they accepted islam. The leader of the hypocrites, Abdallah ibn Ubai ibn saloun, became a hypocrite probably because he lost his position of leadership and he wanted to be leader so he opposed the Prophet (saw) because he took leadership from him. Shortly before the Prophet (saw) came to medina, most of the leaders of Aws and Khazraj were killed in a battle called Harb Buath, which set the stage for the Prophet (saw) to become leader. 8-12-06
Quraish’s threat. They didn’t intend to leave the Muslism alone. This is the norm of the Kuffar. There was an incident where they were threated. Saad ibn muadh was the chief of the aws and he was one of the ansar. He went to go make umrah with umaya ibn khalaf and they perfomed umrah together and they passed by abu jahl. Abu jahl saw him and said “you are from medina? Yes You are from the people who gave shelter to Mohd? Yes. If not for umaya, I would have shown you what I would have done.” Permission given to fight:So then the need for a militia came and Allah revealed “so fight in the way of Allah and transgress not.” Look at the mercy of Allah – 13 years of persecution and finally permission to fight and Allah reminds them not to transgress ie don’t kill whoever you want, etc. Ghazwa is a battle where the Prophet (saw) participated. If the Prophet (saw) didn’t participate, it’s called a marakat. The small gropus of soldiers were called sareeyya so the Prophet (saw) established sar-eye-ya. The Prophet (saw) sent the first group of soliders in Ramadan in the first year of Hijra. The Prophet came to Medina in the 13th year during _________. The first sariya was sent to Saif al Bahr outside Medina and it was led by Hamza (ra). Why was it deployed? Securing the outskirts of Medina. Also, to intercept the Meccan caravans. Also, to make allies with neighboring tribes. In Safar 2nd year of Hijra the Prophet (saw) personally led an army with seventy muslims to the first battle of Badr. People call it the grand battle. Why only 70? The agreement with the ansar did not involve war and these were only muhajjirun. So while defending themselves, the Muslims killed someone on the first day of the sacred months. ] Changing the qiblah Shabaan second year of hijrah. It used to be towards Jerusalem but the Prophet (saw) loved to turn his face towards kabah because it was the qibla of his father ibrahim. So he made dua to Allah and Allah changed the qibla. Then the jews said he claims we are on one religion but then he changes the qibla. Other people wondered how infallible the religion was, at all, so Allah responded with the ayah. 8-13-06 Battle of badr The 17th of Ramadan in the ___ year of hijra Muslims were only 314 to 317 They had 2 horses and 70 camels Leaders were mus’ab ibn omair, ali ibn abi talib, saad ibn muath. What do we learn from this? Organization and delegation, we have one leader, musab, then the leader of the muhajjirun, ali, and the leader of the ansar, saad. Reasons for the battle There was a caravan of 1000 camels. The muslims outnumbered the people who were moving it. This was a lot of wealth the muslims left behind when they left mecca. Abu sufyan heard of it that they were going to target his caravan. Badr was the path in between two mountains that you kind of have to take. Either you go east to the medina where the muslims are or you go all the way west to the coast and it’ll take too long so you take the mountain pass of badr. Sufyan realized the muslims might attack him so he sent for reinforcements. They all came except for abu lahab who was very sick but sent a servant. Abu jahl was arrogant and wanted to teach the muslims a lesson. A lot of them didn’t want to fight because they’re all from the same bloodlines and tribes, but abu jahl insisted – see the harms of dictatorship? Al zuhr was a tribe that refused to fight, their leader al-akhnas refused to fight and said he was only there to protect the caravans – abu jahl called him a coward but they still left and they saved themselves.
The permission of the ansar. At this point some of the ansar joined the Prophet (saw) and they heard the kuffar had sent an army so he asked the people what they think (see the importance of shura). Saad ibn muath said “we will not be like the people of musa who say go you and your Lord to fight” – we will say go fight and we will fight with you. The position of the army – al hubbar said we have to move forward so that the well is behind us and the kuffar are cut off from the water. See how the Prophet (saw) let the man speak his mind. Beginning of the battle Challenge for individual combat Utbah, shaybah, al walid came out to fight. Initially, 3 members of the ansar came out to meet them but the Prophet (saw) wanted to send people close to him. see, a real leader doesn’t sit back and watch other people fight his battles. The Prophet (saw) sent hamza, ali, and ubaid ibn harith. Ubaid traded blows with one of them while ali and hamza killed theirs. Then hamza and ali turned to kill the 3rd and carried ubaid back who eventually died. Then ubaid said “look, we are more worthy of what abu talib said because we are dying for you.” – abu talib said we will not give you Muhammad until we are destroyed. Abdur rahman ibn auf said one of the boys on my right side was 13 or 14 asked abdur rahman where is abu jahl (who is a great warrior in armor and shields, etc.) muath ibn afraad and abdur rahman said what do you want with abu jahl? The boy responded I heard he used to abuse the Prophet (saw) and if I see him I will not stop attacking him until he is killed or I am killed. Another boy on his left said the same thing. Then he pointed out abu jahl and the two boys jumped to fight him. One was killed and the other lost his hand but they severely wounded abu jahl. Then abdallah ibn masood came and stood over him and abu jahl said to him arrogantly “you have risen high, oh shepherd” as if to say you are just a little shepherd and now you are standing over me, a great nobleman. Some kuffar are arrogant to the end. Than abdallah ibn masood cut off his head. Ruqayyah was very sick when he left and she was dead when he came back. The Prophet (saw) commanded Othman to stay behind but the Prophet said he got the reward of the one who stayed.
9-9-06 After the battle of badr The dead bodies of the kuffar were put in the well of badr. The Prophet (saw) used to stay for 3 days after each battle (scholars say it’s an indication of the dominance) As jahl was being put into the well, the Prophet (saw) said “do you know now that I am the Prophet?” and Omar asked what is this you are saying to a dead person and the Prophet (saw) said “you do not hear more than them”. He also said If mutim ibn adi was alive and he asked me for those people, I would have given them to him. why? who gave shelter to the Prophet (saw) after taif and he stood up to protest the boycott. Lesson? Not all kuffar are the same.
The attempt to assassinate the Prophet saw. Umair ibn wahb and safwan ibn umaiyah, chiefs of the quraish Umair was complaing and he told him, had it now been for the deaths that I had and the children that I had taken care of, I would have gone to medina to take care. Safwan said I will take care of your children if you go and and assassinta the Prophet, so umair went to go do it . he showed up in medina with a sword and omar ra said “this dog has come to do evil” – Omar ra took him to the Prophet (saw) and the Prophet said “why did you come here” and umair said “I came for
my captured brother” and the Prophet (saw) what about the other thing – the agreement you had with safwan. And umair thought nobody was there except me and safwan, if this man knows about that then he is a prophet so umair believed and the prophet told the people to teach him islam. And then when safwan heard he vowed to not talk to umair anymore. Expedition against banu qaynuqa They are Bedouins – their concerns are not islam and kufr, they care about their tribe and survival. Bedouins became rich by raiding caravans. Now raiding was over because the muslims were victorious. They planned to attack the muslims so Mohd (saw) went to them and they ran away leaving 200 camels that became war booty for the muslims even though there was no fighting. It was known as the ghazwa of the water because that’s where they were – by water. So banu qaynuqa are jewish jewelers and blacksmiths. – so it was said to them that the Bedouins ran away – arent’ you afraid? And the jews replied, do you think we are like those cowards? Fight us and we’ll show you that we’re real men. Remember there is an agreement at this time so this is like an open threat. There was an old man from the jews named shas ibn Qais. He was annoyed that the aws and khazraj are now united when before they were fighting. There was a muslim woman – some from banu qaynuqa tied the dress of a muslim woman down and when she stood up, her dress was exposed and they laughed at her. A muslim man was there and he killed the man who did it, then a group from the jews killed that man. And then the prophet took his army and surrounded banu qaynuqa who had 700 fighters. This blockade started in shawaal and it ended in dhulqaida. Abdallah ibn ubai, the hypocrite, convinced the Prophet (saw) that they should be exiled instead of killed. They went far to a city that is still known in Syria. The killing of ka’b ibn al-ashraf. He was an enemy of Islam . he went to quraish after badr with his condolences and he composed poetry against the prophet and the muslims. He was such an enemy that the Prophet would not tolerate it anymore. Ka’b was a chief with his own fortress. The Prophet said “who can kill ka’b for me?” and mohammad ibn maslama said “I can do it but you have to let me talk to him first. Fine. So mohd ibn maslama went to him because they were friends and said “let me buy some dates from you, I’ll trade you for these swords” and ka’b said fine, so when mohd ibn maslama went with the swords he killed him. This is a PR thing. This is the only time he did it in 23 years except for one other time. Many people said that the muslims should be killed and the Prophet (saw) should be killed but they were not assassinated.
9-16-06 Battle of Uhud Reasons: the Quraish were unhappy about the deaths of their leaders so they wanted revenge. Also, a financial reason, they wanted their caravan routes to be free of the Muslims. Those are the two major reasons. Do not think that if the disbelievers are defeated they will stop, they were continually defeated and kept on fighting. The lesson is whether you win or the kuffar win, they will not stop. Abu sufyan, before he became a Muslim, he prepared 3k disbelievers into an army. Al-hubab ibn mundir (the companion who asked the Prophet (saw) to move the army to the well) was asked to verify the army of abu sufyan. The Prophet (saw) consulted his companions on whether they should wait in medina or what? The youth wanted to go out and fight and the elders wanted to stay in medina, the Prophet agreed with ____(read this chapter). So the Prophet (saw) put on this gear and the companions felt like they pressured him so they said “if you want we don’t have to go” and the Prophet (saw) replied “it is not for the Prophet of God to change his mind.”
The hypocrites – abdallah ibn ubai ibn saloun didn’t want to go out and said “I don’t think there will be a fight” – and he also said “why is mohd siding with the youth when I am older?” so he retreated with 1/3 of the army. The leaders of the army – the Prophet (saw) divided the army into two parts (not all your eggs in one basket). And he divided up according to tribe – aws, khazraj, muhajireen. Hamza (ra) was the leader for all the forces under the Prophet (saw). A lot of Muslims were excited to fight but they were too young and the Prophet (saw) wouldn’t let them fight, except for one who was large and the other was a skilled archer. Abdallah ibn omar was turned back and not allowed to fight. The command to the archers The muslim army gathered with the mount of uhud at their back so that they could not be surprised. The Prophet gave a strict command to the archers to not leave the mountain. If you see us dead with the birds eating our flesh, do not leave the mountain and if you see us victorious, do not leave this mountain. Abu sufyan wanted to divide the muslims – he gave a speech to the ansar to say “we have no fight with you, let us deal with our cousin” Abu dujanah – the Prophet (saw) said “who wants this sword?” and all the companions reached out for it. And then the Prophet (saw) said “who will fulfill it’s right?” and all the companions withdrew their hand except for abu dujannah who said “I will take it regardless of it’s right. What is its right?” and the Prophet said “fight with it until it is bent.” (meaning don’t retreat). Then abu dujannah put a red headband on his head and strutted proudly around. The Prophet (saw) said “this type of march is disliked by Allah except in this circumstance” The turning point – the archers left the mount after the muslims seemed victorious and khalid ibn waleed turned back and charged the mountain and then the muslims were defeated. Musab was killed by ibn kamia who then called out “I killed mohammad” because musab was a beautiful youth and ibn kamia mistook him for the prophet. Anas ibn annadr. He thought “if the prophet is dead, why don’t we die for the same cause?” so he went out to fight the kuffar. His cousin, saad ibn muath said what are you doing? And anas answered him “stay away saad, I smell the gardens of paradise closer than the mountain of uhud” and he charged and was killed with more than 80 stab wounds on his body. His sister recognized his body by the tip of his thumb. Hamza was killed in a very ugly way – wahshe, the servant of hind, the wife of abu sufian. Her father and uncle were killed by hamza so she promised wah’she that if he killed hamza, he would be free, so wah’she didn’t really fight, he just waited for hamza to kill with his spear. Al usairem, from the tribe of saad ibn muath, didn’t convert when his whole tribe converted, then later, he accepted islam and went out to fight and was killed in uhud (he was the muslim who will go to paradise without ever having prostrated to Allah). (Naseebah) was a woman who fought in the battle of uhud and defended the Prophet (saw). Abu dujana had arrows in his back. Talha shielded the Prophet from arrows until his hand was paralyzed. Six ansar died defending the Prophet. Abu Sufian said “is there Muhammad?” and abu Bakr said “Allah let us live and we will defeat you” and then abu sufian said “hubbul is rising” and Mohd said “don’t you answer them” abu bakr” what should I said?” and the Prophet said “Allah is higher” – and then abu sufian said we have our idols uzzah and lot and the prophet told him to answer “Allah is our supporter and he needs no support”
9-17-06
battle of uhud continued At first, the muslims were doing well – 22 of the kuffar were killed – this was before the archers abandoned their posts. The muslism abandoned back to the mount and muslims were killed, the prophet was hurt, there were rumors that he had died. And the muslims were defeated. This was the first real test for the muslims in Medina – what does that mean? In mecca they were tested by a lot, in medina they were all together. Quran: “those of you who turned back on the day the two groups met, it was satan who caused them to fail, because of some they had done. But Allah has forgiven them” - Who are some of the ones that turned back? Othman ibn affan – can you imagine the 3rd best companion retreats from the battlefield. Jihad is very difficult. Can someone come now and blame Othman? No, Allah said that he had forgiven him. “Not for you (oh mohd, but for Allah) is the decision; whether He turns in mercy to (pardons) them or punishes them; verily they are the wrongdoers” 3:128 - the Prophet was almost killed and he was injurned, the rim of his helmet was in his cheek, his tooth was broken, and his face was bleeding. And then the Prophet said “how can a nation succeed when they do this to his messenger?” and then right away Allah revealed this ayah – it is not for you to decide who is forgiven and who is not. 16:126 “If you punish, then punish with the like of that wherewith you were afflicted” - this ayah was about hamza. When he was killed, they opened up his stomach and took out his liver, and it was very brutal. When the Prophet saw this he was upset and said that if he fights Quraish again, he will kill 70 of them. And then Allah revealed this. 3:165 “ and was it so when a disaster smote you though ye had smitted them with a disaster twice as great that ye said “how is this? say: it is from yourselves. - they won twice in the battle of badr what they lost in the battle of uhud. “Faint not nor grieve, for ye will overcome them if you are indeed believers” - how come they will overcome if they are believers? Remember what abu sufyan said “raised is hubbel” and the Prophet responded “Allah is greater” – it means nobody can overcome you if you are with Allah. 3:139-140 “ if a wound has touched you, be sure a similar wound has touched others, and so are the days, we give to men by turns that Allah may test those who believer and that he may take martyrs form among you. And Allah likes not the zalimun. - why don’t we win all the time? Wasn’t Allah able to give victory to Muslims in all situations? We don’t obey Allah all the time. In the battle of uhud, the companions lost because of their disobedience to their prophet. Today we are losing because we are weak in faith. - Muslims lose battles because they disobey Allah, and also they are unjust. Ubai ibn khalaf was killed in uhud – ubai said “I will kill the Prophet” and the Prophet said “inshallah I will kill him” – the Prophet took the the spear and through it, it did’nt go through him, but just hit him a little and he screamed – when the kuffar saw him and said “what’s wrong with you it’s not that bad” and he said “it’s like a mountain crushed me” Martyrs of uhud Hamza, musab ibn umair, anas ibn an-nadir, abdallah ibn jahsh (one of the archers who didn’t leave the hill – he prayed to Allah before the battle to be martyred in the battle),
Musab had to be buried with leaves because he did not have money to have a cloth that covered his whole body. Musab who was rich in jahiliya. He buried hamza and said if not for the fear of safiyya seeing his body, I would have let the lions and animals eat of hamza to be resurrected like that. Hamballah – he was married for one day only and he heard the call for jihad and went and he was junub and the Prophet saw the angels cleaning him. Abdallah ibn amr ibn haraam, the father of jabir was one of the first people to be killed in the battle and he left his son jabir and he told him to take care of his sisters because he felt like he wont come back and abdallah was martyred. He came back and the relatives of jabir were crying and he said “whether you cry or don’t cry, Allah has ____________” In the time of muawiya, 38 years after the battle of uhud, a flood came and washed up the graves and people were called to identify the bodies. Jabir said he saw his father and his body had not changed. It was like he was sleeping. He took off his bandage and the blood flowed. The battle of hamra’ al asad The next day after the battle of uhud, the Prophet commanded those who witnessed the battle of uhud to gather and go to this place of hamra al asad. The kuffar had a plan that they were going to go and finish off the muslims, but when they heard the muslims were following them, they left. - why only the people who witnessed uhud? Because the munafiqeen were not given a chance to dissent this time, and also because the muslims were injured, so it’s retribution for their injuries – they have more reason to fight. - Jabir ibn abdallah did not witness the battle of uhud because his father told him to stay, and the Prophet allowed only him to go to hamra al asad. 9-23-06 Important incident Ar-rajea – there is a well Two tribes Adl and Qarah, two lineages from tribe huday. They expressed their interest in Islam, so the Prophet (saw) sent a few companions to teach them. The two tribes of huday cuffed these companions and they brought them to Quraish for money. They said to the companions, don’t worry we wont kill you, we are just bringing you to Quraish. 3 of the companions, abdallah ibn tariq and others went along with it. Asim ibn tharit did not believe them so he fought them until he was killed. So asim was martyred. But huday didn’t want him, they wanted to cut off his head and bring it to sulafa who was a widow that lost 2 sons in badr and vowed to Allah to drink alcohol from asim’s head. But Allah sent a large number of hornets to cover his body. The hudaylis remembered asim’s vow that he would never touch a mushrik and never let a mushrik touch him so they left him until morning. That night the rain came and flooded and Allah buried him. It sounds like a fairy tale, but when your iman is high, people do amazing things. A companion, L’3laa ibn hadram walked on water. Another companion said to some jungle animals that they came to deliver the message of Islam and the animals left. Zaid ibn ad’dithinnah was purchased by sufwan ibn ummayah and he wanted to kill him but they didn’t kill him right away because it was one of the sacred months and they also took him away from the kaabah. They asked him if he felt safe or wanted to go and he replied Khudaib ibn adi was about to be killed by some kuffar. He asked to pray 2 rakats first. He established this sunnah, he prayed that the Prophet would hear about his killing and the Prophet did find out. When he was going to be killed, he was eating grapes – his killers thought, there are no grapes anywhere in Mecca, where could he have gotten these, he asked for a razor to shave his head (he’s going to die, he wants to clean up) so the woman gives her son a razor to give to khudaib – the woman thought as soon as her son got there “oh my son will be killed” but when khudaib got the razor he said to the boy “wasn’t your mother afraid that I would kill you?” and then he let him go – this is the character of the Muslim, that when injustice is done to you, you don’t do it back.
Incident of Bi’r Ma’unah Bi’r is a well and ma’unah is the location of the tribe. The tribe of amir. A man named abu bara amir ibn malik, a leader, came to medina and the Prophet offered him Islam. The man had heard of the Prophet (saw) and he came bringing a gift. The prophet said I wont take a gift from a mushrik so be a muslism. Man said no but please give me some companions to teach me islam. The prophet said ok and sent 40 companions who had memorized the Quran. They were betrayed Amir ibn at-tufail kills haram ibn milhan (the messenger of the Prophet) – this is an old custom not to kill the messenger. He killed the messenger before he even heard the message. And he asked others to help him kill more of the companions and eventually all 40 were killed. 2 of them were not with the group, they came back to notice all their companions were killed. One of them so I will go and fight them by Allah I will not accept less than what my friends got. The other said, we have lost enough, go back. The one was killed. BUT, Amr ibn umayyah, went back – on the way back, he met two men who said they were from the tribe of Amir. Amr waited until they slept and killed the 2 of them and thought “at least I killed 2 of them” – he went back to find out that those two men were given the protection of the Prophet (saw) who reprimanded Amr and said he was going to pay the blood money of the two members of tribe of Amir, the same tribe that just slaughtered 40 muslims! That’s justice in all situations.
The expulsion of banu Nadir The Prophet (saw) asked them for help. Remember there is an agreement from the constitution of medina to help each other. Also, banu nadir has a treatice with the tribe of amir. Amir ibn jahsh encouraged the jews to kill the Prophet (saw) who was leaning against the side of the house. The jews sent a man to the roof with a big rock to drop it on the prophet (saw). Gibreel told him to watch out, so the Prophet (saw) went back to medina upset and told the Muslims what happened and mobilized for war against banu nadir (wisdom = the enemy within will hurt you more). So they went and surrounded banu nadir and wanted to kill them all. The hypocrites – abdallah ibn saloun said about banu nadir they are my allies, you cannot kill them and the Prophet (saw) wanted to, but abdallah kept insisting they cannot be killed. (before this all happened, abdallah said to the jews “we are with you” – Allah mentions this exactly in sura hashr). Then the Prophet (saw) agreed not to attack them but he started burning down their date palms and the jews responded “you claim to bring justice ot the land but you cut down our trees?” and the Prophet said fine you cannot stay here, you may leave and bring whatever you can carry on yoru camel (this is merciful, what could the muslims bring from mecca?). At the end of it all, abu bara amir ibn malik sent his son to kill at-tufail for breaking his protection. 9-24-06 Book of witnesses
Narrated Aisha: (the wife of the Prophet) "Whenever Allah's Apostle intended to go on a journey, he would draw lots amongst his wives and would take with him the one upon whom the lot fell. During a Ghazwa of his, he drew lots amongst us and the lot fell upon me, and I
proceeded with him after Allah had decreed the use of the veil by women. I was carried in a Howdah (on the camel) and dismounted while still in it. When Allah's Apostle was through with his Ghazwa and returned home, and we approached the city of Medina, Allah's Apostle ordered us to proceed at night. When the order of setting off was given, I walked till I was past the army to answer the call of nature. After finishing I returned (to the camp) to depart (with the others) and suddenly realized that my necklace over my chest was missing. So, I returned to look for it and was delayed because of that. The people who used to carry me on the camel, came to my Howdah and put it on the back of the camel, thinking that I was in it, as, at that time, women were light in weight, and thin and lean, and did not use to eat much. So, those people did not feel the difference in the heaviness of the Howdah while lifting it, and they put it over the camel. At that time I was a young lady. They set the camel moving and proceeded on. I found my necklace after the army had gone, and came to their camp to find nobody. So, I went to the place where I used to stay, thinking that they would discover my absence and come back in my search. While in that state, I felt sleepy and slept. Safwan bin Mu'attal As-Sulami Adh-Dhakwani was behind the army and reached my abode in the morning. When he saw a sleeping person, he came to me, and he used to see me before veiling. So, I got up when I heard him saying, "Inna lil-lah-wa inn a ilaihi rajiun (We are for Allah, and we will return to Him)." He made his camel knell down. He got down from his camel, and put his leg on the front legs of the camel and then I rode and sat over it. Safwan set out walking, leading the camel by the rope till we reached the army who had halted to take rest at midday. Then whoever was meant for destruction, fell into destruction, (some people accused me falsely) and the leader of the false accusers was 'Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul. After that we returned to Medina, and I became ill for one month while the people were spreading the forged statements of the false accusers. I was feeling during my ailment as if I were not receiving the usual kindness from the Prophet which I used to receive from him when I got sick. But he would come, greet and say, 'How is that (girl)?' I did not know anything of what was going on till I recovered from my ailment and went out with Um Mistah to the Manasi where we used to answer the call of nature, and we used not to go to answer the call of nature except from night to night and that was before we had lavatories near to our houses. And this habit of ours was similar to the habit of the old 'Arabs in the open country (or away from houses). So. I and Um Mistah bint Ruhm went out walking. Um Mistah stumbled because of her long dress and on that she said, 'Let Mistah be ruined.' I said, 'You are saying a bad word. Why are you abusing a man who took part in (the battle of) Badr?' She said, 'O Hanata (you there) didn't you hear what they said?' Then she told me the rumors of the false accusers. My sickness was aggravated, and when I returned home, Allah's Apostle came to me, and after greeting he said, 'How is that (girl)?' I requested him to allow me to go to my parents. I wanted then to be sure of the news through them I Allah's Apostle allowed me, and I went to my parents and asked my mother, 'What are the people talking about?' She said, 'O my daughter! Don't worry much about this matter. By Allah, never is there a charming woman loved by her husband who has other wives, but the women would forge false news about her.' I said, 'Glorified be Allah! Are the people really taking of this matter?' That night I kept on weeping and could not sleep till morning. In the morning
Allah's Apostle called Ali bin Abu Talib and Usama bin Zaid when he saw the Divine Inspiration delayed, to consul them about divorcing his wife (i.e. 'Aisha). Usama bin Zaid said what he knew of the good reputation of his wives and added, 'O Allah's Apostle! Keep you wife, for, by Allah, we know nothing about her but good.' 'Ali bin Abu Talib said, 'O Allah's Apostle! Allah has no imposed restrictions on you, and there are many women other than she, yet you may ask the woman-servant who will tell you the truth.' On that Allah's Apostle called Buraira and said, 'O Burair. Did you ever see anything which roused your suspicions about her?' Buraira said, 'No, by Allah Who has sent you with the Truth, I have never seen in her anything faulty except that she is a girl of immature age, who sometimes sleeps and leaves the dough for the goats to eat.' On that day Allah's Apostle ascended the pulpit and requested that somebody support him in punishing 'Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul. Allah's Apostle said, 'Who will support me to punish that person ('Abdullah bin Ubai bin Salul) who has hurt me by slandering the reputation of my family? By Allah, I know nothing about my family but good, and they have accused a person about whom I know nothing except good, and he never entered my house except in my company.' Sad bin Mu'adh got up and said, 'O Allah's Apostle! by Allah, I will relieve you from him. If that man is from the tribe of the Aus, then we will chop his head off, and if he is from our brothers, the Khazraj, then order us, and we will fulfill your order.' On that Sad bin 'Ubada, the chief of the Khazraj and before this incident, he had been a pious man, got up, motivated by his zeal for his tribe and said, 'By Allah, you have told a lie; you cannot kill him, and you will never be able to kill him.' On that Usaid bin Al-Hadir got up and said (to Sad bin 'Ubada), 'By Allah! you are a liar. By Allah, we will kill him; and you are a hypocrite, defending the hypocrites.' On this the two tribes of Aus and Khazraj got excited and were about to fight each other, while Allah's Apostle was standing on the pulpit. He got down and quietened them till they became silent and he kept quiet. On that day I kept on weeping so much so that neither did my tears stop, nor could I sleep. In the morning my parents were with me and I had wept for two nights and a day, till I thought my liver would burst from weeping. While they were sitting with me and I was weeping, an Ansari woman asked my permission to enter, and I allowed her to come in. She sat down and started weeping with me. While we were in this state, Allah's Apostle came and sat down and he had never sat with me since the day they forged the accusation. No revelation regarding my case came to him for a month. He recited Tashahhud (i.e. None has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is His Apostle) and then said, 'O 'Aisha! I have been informed such-and-such about you; if you are innocent, then Allah will soon reveal your innocence, and if you have committed a sin, then repent to Allah and ask Him to forgive you, for when a person confesses his sin and asks Allah for forgiveness, Allah accepts his repentance.' When Allah's Apostle finished his speech my tears ceased completely and there remained not even a single drop of it. I requested my father to reply to Allah's Apostle on my behalf. My father said, By Allah, I do not know what to say to Allah's Apostle.' I said to my mother, 'Talk to Allah's Apostle on my behalf.' She said, 'By Allah, I do not know what to say to Allah's Apostle.
I was a young girl and did not have much knowledge of the Quran. I said. 'I know, by Allah, that you have listened to what people are saying and that has been planted in your minds and you have taken it as a truth. Now, if I told you that I am innocent and Allah knows that I am innocent, you would not believe me and if I confessed to you falsely that I am guilty, and Allah knows that I am innocent you would believe me. By Allah, I don't compare my situation with you except to the situation of Joseph's father (i.e. Jacob) who said, 'So (for me) patience is most fitting against that which you assert and it is Allah (Alone) whose help can be sought.' Then I turned to the other side of my bed hoping that Allah would prove my innocence. By Allah I never thought that Allah would reveal Divine Inspiration in my case, as I considered myself too inferior to be talked of in the Holy Qur'an. I had hoped that Allah's Apostle might have a dream in which Allah would prove my innocence. By Allah, Allah's Apostle had not got up and nobody had left the house before the Divine Inspiration came to Allah's Apostle. So, there overtook him the same state which used to overtake him, (when he used to have, on being inspired divinely). He was sweating so much so that the drops of the sweat were dropping like pearls though it was a (cold) wintry day. When that state of Allah's Apostle was over, he was smiling and the first word he said, 'Aisha! Thank Allah, for Allah has declared your innocence.' My mother told me to go to Allah's Apostle . I replied, 'By Allah I will not go to him and will not thank but Allah.' So Allah revealed: "Verily! They who spread the slander are a gang among you . . ." (24.11) When Allah gave the declaration of my Innocence, Abu Bakr, who used to provide for Mistah bin Uthatha for he was his relative, said, 'By Allah, I will never provide Mistah with anything because of what he said about Aisha.' But Allah later revealed: -"And let not those who are good and wealthy among you swear not to help their kinsmen, those in need and those who left their homes in Allah's Cause. Let them forgive and overlook. Do you not wish that Allah should forgive you? Verily! Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful." (24.22) After that Abu Bakr said, 'Yes ! By Allah! I like that Allah should forgive me,' and resumed helping Mistah whom he used to help before. Allah's Apostle also asked Zainab bint Jahsh (i.e. the Prophet's wife about me saying, 'What do you know and what did you see?' She replied, 'O Allah's Apostle! I refrain to claim hearing or seeing what I have not heard or seen. By Allah, I know nothing except goodness about Aisha." Aisha further added "Zainab was competing with me (in her beauty and the Prophet's love), yet Allah protected her (from being malicious), for she had piety."
Surah noor 11-20 about this slander. Mistah was punished, hasan ibn thabit, the poet was punished, abdallah ibn salun was NOT punished – some scholars say that punishment is purification and how would that help abdallah ibn salun.
9-30-06
Battle of the Trench Happened in shawal 5 A.H. Reasons for the battle: 1) Quraish didn’t really get revenge at uhud because they didn’t get to kill as many as they wanted and the Prophet (saw) is still alive. Also they wanted to get some Muslim captives to bring to Quraish. 2) The jews – when the jews of banu nadir got kicked out of medina, they went to mecca encouraging the kuffar to fight Muhammad and promising that they would support the people of mecca. Both Quraish and the tribe of ghatafaan (which is why this is referred to as the confederates or ahzaab). They also convinced the jews of banu quraidah to breach their covenant with Muhammad. At first the jews of quraidah were skeptical because both jewish tribes were kicked out. The Prophet (saw) heard that an army of 10k kuffar were coming and that banu quraidah had betrayed them. He sent out saad ibn muath and saad ibn ubaidah to go out of verify and not to disclose what they find (so as not to discourage the muslims). As soon as those two went, the jews announced that they have breached the covenant openly. Saadx2 came back and implied it was true that the covenant was breached. Somehow the Muslims found out and were discouraged. Salman suggested they dig a trench so they got to work. The Prophet (saw) assigned 10 people to each block of area (to hide the defects of some people and strengths of others). This was not a circular trench, just one side (medina was protected on 3 sides by rocks and mountains, etc.) It wasn’t completely finished, maybe the size of a doorway was left. Some people came through, like Amr ibn abdood, who was one of the bravest fighters of jahiliya, ali wanted to fight him and the Prophet warned him, but ali killed him The siege of medina went for 30 days. The Prophet (saw) wanted to offer the leaders of ghatafaan 1/3 of the harvest of medina of dates to end the siege. Saad ibn muath didn’t like that because they didn’t give tribute to ghatafaan even in ignorance. The Propeht (saw) said “I wanted to do it for you” – shows he cares. Nuaim ibn masood accepted Islam and came to the Prophet (saw) and said “what can I do to end this war.” The Prohpet said you are one man but if you could discourage people, that would help. So nuaim went to the jews of Quraida and said “make sure you take some hostages from Quraish because they wont fight with you, they’ll go back – the jews will say no” and he did the same with Quraish and his own tribe, ghatafaan and eventually, nobody fought and they all went home. Battle was over and only a few people fought. Allah’s soldiers – Allah sent the wind that removed the tents of Quraish and flipped their pots and jars and sent dust also and it was difficult. After 30 days, abu sufyan announced he was going back. Huthaifa ibn al yaman – It was a cold night and the Prophet (saw) said whoever goes and checks on the news will be my friend in paradise. He asked twice and nobody responded and finally the Propeht (saw) said to huthaifa, go and check the news. Huthaifa went he said it was like a warm bathroom and he sat with the Quraish and heard they were going. He saw abu sufyaan on the way back and could have killed him but he did not (see how much the sahaba followed the sunnah of the Prophet (saw).
10-01-06 Banu Quraitha After the battle, was over, the covenant had been breached 3 times now by three parties of jews, first banu qainuqah, second banu nadir, then banu quraitha – the Prophet (saw) should have killed the first tribe, then the second, but he let them go.
So then Angel Gibreel told the Prophet (saw) to go fight with banu Quraitha. The Prophet (saw) wanted to rush so he told the companions to not pray Asr until they get to banu Quraitha. Two groups differed in how to understand this. Banu nadir saw Prophet (saw) with his army and watned to cause some trouble. So Ka’b ibn Asad (leader of banu Quraitha) and huyay ibn akhtab was with him. So ka’b asked the jews whether they want to accept Islam or fight or wait, and none of them liked these options. Ali (ra) was near the wall of banu quraitha and he heard them swearing and he didn’t want the Prophet (saw) to hear them badmouthing the Prophet (saw) so he told him not to come. The Prophet said “once they see me, they cannot say anything” and it was what happened, they all fell silent as he approached. A companion, abu lubabah (ra), was talking to someone who was crying like “what are you going to do with us” and did his hand across his neck like we’re going to cut your throats. He felt like he made a mistake though by disclosing the plans of the Prophet (saw) so he went to the masjid and he tied himself to a pillar and said he will not move until Allah forgives him. The Prophet said he could have just asked me to ask Allah but since this is what he has done, we will wait for Allah to forgive him. To this day, it is known as sariyat abu lubaba in the prophetic mosque. Amr ibn sa’d al Quraitha did not participate in the treachery and left. The Muslims saw him leaving and didn’t do anything because he didn’t harm the muslims. The Aws were the allies of the jews, the chief of the aws was saath ibn muath. The jews said “we will accept the decision of saath ibn muath” and the Prophet agreed to this. Why did he agree? He didn’t know what saad was going to decide. This is a lesson that arbitration is allowed. Saad was injured in his lower neck/shoulder from the battle of the trench. So saad came injured and on a donkey with his tribe who were all saying like “remember those jews used to be your friends and allies, etc.” Saad said “it is time for saad to not be afraid of anything except Allah and not stop blaming the blamers.” And saad went to the jews and said “do you accept my judgment” and they agreed. Then he decided that all men who can fight are to be killed and all women and children enslaved.
10-07-06 Al-hudaibiya treat and truce After quraida was finished, it was clear then that Muslims were a strong force in Arabia. Now we are in the 6th year of hijra and we get this treaty. The Quran refers to it as the Clear Victory. Umrah the Prophet (saw) in a dream saw that his head was shaved and that he was doing umrah. He woke up happy and he went to go tell his companions that we are going to perform umrah. The sahaba are happy because now the muhajireen are going to see their home again and also because they are going to the place where the enemies are instead of sitting back waiting for the enemies to come to them. Thul Qa’ada, year 6. in jahiliya they only did hajj during hajj, never umrah during hajj time – this is one of the things that made the the kuffar rebellious. They went to the miqaat for medina at Thul hulaifah – dressed in ihram, and they are going to perform umrah without weapons except for traveling swords. The kuffar heard that muslims are coming without weapons to do umrah. Wasn’t this a risk that the Prophet (saw) took? No, nobody ever hurt the one who was in ihram, they did it once and it was a really big deal, so it was almost a guarantee that the Prophet (saw) and the sahaba were safe in ihram. The kuffar sent khalid ibn waleed with an army and they thought that they could kill the muslims in sujood or ruku and the muslims wll not know who killed them. Then Allah revealed the ayahs of the fear prayer.
The kuffar would have been humiliated if the muslims and they can’t kill the muslims so the kuffar decided to block the road. They tried to take an alternate route and the camel stumbled and the Prophet said “I will do whatever they ask to honor this house” – which was the first indication that they might not do umrah in this trip. Eventually they stopped at hudaibiyya. The kuffar sent many messengers – bishr ibn sufian, budail ibn warqa’, al hulais, urwah ibn masoud. Why so many messengers one after the other? It shows how stubborn Quraish was that the muslims should not perform umrah and it shows that the muslims were stubborn. Budail asked the Prophet (saw) “why are you here?” “to perform umrah” “why don’t you leave and come back later?” “no, we’re doing umrah in this trip” but did they perform umrah this trip? No, it shows the permissibility of negotiating with the kuffar. Al-hulais was coming and the prophet (saw) knew that he was very respectful of the kaba and umrah so he told the companions to put out the animals that had been marked for slaughter. When al-hulais saw the animals ready, he didn’t even talk to the Prophet, he just went back and said “these people only came to honor this house and we should not stop them and if you try to do anything, I will help them again you” Next, urwah ibn masoud who was from taif but they were considered almost like one tribe with Quraish – urwa came saying things like “mohd your followers will leave you as soon as any fighting starts” and then abu bakr said very severe words to him and urwa was surprised and said “who said this?” and then “abu bakr if not for a favor you did for me a long time ago, I would have answered” – then Urwa was trying ot hold the beard of the Prophet to talk to him and mughira kept knocking his hand down. Then the Prohpet did wudu and urwa saw the companions fighting over his wudu water. Urwa went back and told the Quraish that “I have seen ceasar, kisra, najashi and nobody respects their leader like the muslims do mohd” Prophet wanted to send Omar to talk to the Quraish and omar said “you better not, why don’t you send Othman instead? And the Prophet agreed – Othman is a good hcoice because he was a wealthy businessman tha thte Quraish would respect and also that he was lenient. Omar was hated by and he hated Quraish at this point. Then went Othman went the Quraish said that you go and perform umrah and Othman said no, not until the Prophet did it. The Rumors spread first that Othman performed Umrah, and then the rumor that Othman had been killed. Pledge of ridwan – under a tree. Pledge to fight for the blood of Othman – given by almost 1400 companions and there were some hypocrites who did not. One of the companions gave the pledge 3 times. Once at the beginning, then middle, then end. Quran: “allah is indeed pleased with the companions who gave the pledge under the tree.” Suhail ibn amr came to the Prophet (saw) who said “the matter has became easy (sahl)” – a play on his name. suhail and the Prophet (saw) made a deal. He called Ali to write and ali didn’t want to erase the ArRahman Ar-Raheem. Terms of the Treaty: 1) Muslims shall return this year and come back next year. (this was shocking to Omar who made a big deal out of it and the Prophet said Allah made me a promise and did I say you would make umrah this year, etc.) 2) war activities suspended for 10 years. (isn’t this too long? The Prophet (saw) was thinking long term, he wanted time to do dawah and spread the deen and build his army, etc. he had not really given a moment’s peace since he left. The Prohpet has been busy being attacked 3 times by Quraish, betrayed 3 times by jews, etc.) 3) whosoever wishes to join either side, Muslims or Quraish, has the freedom to do so. 4) If anyone from the Quraish goes to the Muslims, they get returned, if anybody from the Muslims goes to Quraish, they don’t have to be returned (in 16 years, only 1-4 people had left Islam, it wasn’t a big deal. Right there, suhail said, I will start this agreement by taking my son abu jandal and they went back and forth over it until finally the Prophet gave him. And he protested that he would be tortured etc.) Finally the Prophet told them to slaughter and shave their heads but the companions just stood there. The P went into his tent and talked to his wife umm salama who said “just go do it – shave your head an slaughter and they will follow you.”
10-08-06 The Truce of hudaibiya The Prophet (saw) returns to medina with Muslims. If you look at the bigger picture, hudaibiya was a great victory Abu baseer came from quraish right after the treaty. 2 men of Quraish followed him to medina. So the Prophet (saw) sent him back with the 2 men in order to uphold the covenant. On the way back, abu baseer killed one of the men and the other man ran away. Abu baseer went back to the Prophet and said “you already sent me back, you don’t have to do it twice.” But the Prophet told him to go and hinted to him that he can go anywhere. So abu baseer moved to the shoreline and started raiding the caravans of the kuffar and word started to spread that abu baseer was causing trouble. When abu jandal heard about this, he ran away to live with abu baseer and together they raided the kuffar. Eventually, the Quraish went to medina and asked the Prophet (saw) to please take in abu jandal and abu baseer (in order to stop the raiding) and afterwards, muslims were allowed to go to medina and stay there. After this incident, the muslim state is established, the Prophet (saw) sent out letters to the leaders of different countries 1) letter to Abyssinia – king najashe (named as’hama) accepted Islam secretly because his people did not accept it – when he died, the Prophet (saw) prayed janaza over him. 2) king of Egypt “muqawqis” (title like ceasar) – the Propeht sent hatib ibn abi beltab. He went to the king of Egypt with that letter and invited the king to Islam. The first ruler accepted Islam. He gifted the Prophet (saw) 2 slaves and a donkey. One of them was maria who he married . the other was sireen who the Prophet (saw) gave to hasan ibn thaabit, the poet of the Prophet. 3) Kisra – he did not accept Islam, he tore up the letter. When the Prophet heard this, he prayed that kisra’s empire be torn apart (this happened in less than 10 years). 4) Ceasar – he sent yahya ibn al kalbi. Yahya didn’t get there and someone else took the letter. This is where the famous hadith of abu sufyan fits in where ceasar asks a lot of questions about islam. Ceasar intended to become a Muslim and liked the idea but he did not. So not much happened – you got some gifts and one person became muslim, wasn’t this a big waste of effort? No, because he was conveying the message with mass media. Now people know what Islam is at least. 5) letter to al mundhir ibn sawa – the leader on the eastern side of the Arabian peninsula on the Persian gulf. Prophet sent al-ala3 ibn hadram and al mundhir accepted Islam 6) letter to king of oman – it wasn’t known as oman back then but notice that the Prophet is sending letters to all directions except south because he’s already been there in mecca. king of oman did not accept from the beginning of Islam almost 20 years, only 1500 people went to umrah. Then after 2 years of peace under hudaibiya, almost 8000 muslims.
After midterm
11-04-06 Few months after hudaibiya which was dhul qa’da year 6. Went 100 miles north to a place called khayber, the city of the jews. All the jews that were expelled from medina moved to khayber. Khayber became a source of a lot of trouble for the muslims, the jews kept plotting against him. Khaiber – muharram year 7 AH Preparation for the battle: 1400 people witnessed it – only those who gave the pledge of hudaibiya. The Prophet divided the army into ansar and muhajireen. And the ansar are divided into aws and khazraj. Read the book on this one – a lot of details. Leaders? Get from book. Nature of khaiber? The jews were expecting that the Prophet would not leave them alone so the Prophet surprised the jews by changing their routes and going around. Khaiber was divided into 3 major areas, there was 3 major citadels/fortresses. When the prophet showed up, the jews ran inside the fortress and then the muslims laid siege for many days. Then a jewish warrior named marhab came out. He was reputed to have the strength to kill 1000 men. Then amr ibn al-aqwa. Who used to write poetry – he was martyred (the Prophet said “may Allah have mercy on him” and that always led to someone being martyred). Amr fought marhab and his sword cut himself in the knee and that’s what killed him. Salamah ibn al-aqwa cried and thought his brother killed himself but the Prophet said he has the reward of 2. Then Ali killed marhab and one of marhab’s relatives came out and was killed. The day before Khaiber, the prophet said “khaiber will be opened by someone who is loved by Allah and his Messenger” and omar said this is the only time he wanted the leadership role, but the Prophet asked for Ali who had an eye infection and the prophet spit in his eye and he was killed. Then Ali went to fight and opened the gate of khabyer. Jewish woman poisoned his lamb and she asked which part the prophet liked the most and they said shoulder so she put most of the poison in there. Then the prophet started to eat and threw it back and said this lamb is telling me that he is poisoned and the jewish woman said she was testing to see if he was really a prophet. So the prophet forgave this woman but the poison killed baran ibn maruf so the prophet ordered this woman to be killed. Safiyya bint huyai, the wife of the Prophet (saw), she was married to the leader of khaiber. She saw in a dream that the moon fell in her lap. He slapped her and said “do you think you will have the king of the arab?” and she didn’t know the interpretation of the dream. And then khaiber fell and the prophet chose her to marry him. Once khaiber fell, the Muslims had some peace of mind. The arab in mecca were very scared because everybody knew that khaiber was difficult to attack. There is no more major power in the Arabian peninsula who can challenge the Prophet except Quraish and a gropu to the south who already made a treaty. Quraish had a bet over who would win, khaiber or the Muslims. They all bet against the muslims except alabbas. A man accepted islam and got permission from the Prophet to go to mecca and take his money that he left in mecca. that man told everybody the muslism lost but told al-abbas in secret that his cousin didn’t die. Amr ibn umaya dhamri, when he came back, brought all the immigrants back. They went to Abyssinia almost 10 years ago. One of them was the wife of the Prophet, umm habiba. The leader was jafar ibn abi talib. They went to medina and saw it was empty, then they rushed to khayber. The Prophet said
Asma bint umays was upset that omar (ra) said “we were with the prophet whiel you ran away” but the Prophet said she has double the reward. Ghatafaan was the tribe that conspired against them. They called this the battle of the patch because they marched so much they had to wrap their feet. On the way back whiel they were sleeping a polytheist came to kill the prophet and had his sword but couldn’t hold it – he asked the prophet “who will protect you from me? The prophet answered – Allha. 3x and then he dropped the sword and the Prophet took it. The makeup umrah Thul qa’dah. Quraish had rumors that the muslims were weak. The Prophet told them to expose the shoulder and the arm to show their strength. That’s why we still do it. In addition to this, the Prophet (saw) told the Muslims to walk quickly and strongly in the first three laps of tawaf so we still do it. According to the agreement, he stayed 3 days, and did umrah. On the way back, he married maimuna, the aunt of ibn abbas, the cousin of abbas. Khalid ibn walid, amr ibn al’as, uthman ibn talhah all accepted islam. Then the battle of the chains – in that battle, the muslims chained themselves to the battlefield. Amr ibn al’as was appointed the leader over all the sahaba so he thought he was the favorite of the Prophet (saw) so he asked him “who is the most beloved of companions to you? Aisha, no no not women, her father, then who, omar, then who, Othman” and amr thought he should stop before he hears eveybody’s name except his. 11-12-06 After the opening of Mecca, the Prophet came to did the “prayer of victory” – he prayed 8 rakats. Scholars differed about it – some said that this was required to do at each victory. What about the previous victories? And they respond, it was revealed at this time. Other scholars say it was just salat al-duha. Other important thing after opening mecca was the destruction of the Mecca. From the start of Prophethood, he waited 20 years to destroy those idols. 8 of those years he was in Medina. What is more intolerable than idols surrounding the Kabah. There is a great lesson here – look how he wasn’t so focused on one thing. There are many ways to get something. Some leaders escaped, some were killed, and some were forgiven. Safwan ibn umaya, the son of umaya ibn khalaf (we know what he did there was Quran revealed about him) Maqyas ibn subaba, another, they were clinging to kabah and still were killed – their cases were severe. Then the Prophet sent khalid ibn walid to kill al-uzza and __________ to kill al-lat. Then he sent khalid ibn waleed to banu judhaymah with soldiers to secure an area. He captured the people there who were trying to convert to Islam but they didn’t know how to say they were saying “saba’na” which means “we left our religion” – they were trying to say they were Muslim, but Khalid didn’t understand this, he made a mistake. And some of them were killed. Then khalid ordered the muslim to kill all their captives saying they were not muslim. Many sahaba refused saying this was injustice. They went to the prophet and said I disassociate myself from what khalid did. Then the prophet prayed for khalid’s forgiveness, etc. Lesson – it was a mistake in jihad, it happens – we ask for guidance, not change our religion by saying jihad is not a part. Battle of hunain –
The people of Ta’if feared the prophet was strong now – they treated him badly. So they gathered the tribes around Ta’if to fight – one of them was Saad ibn bakr (haleema the wet nurse of the prophet was haleema bint saadiyya from this tribe) Thaqif and hawazin are gathered under the leadership of malik ibn awf annasri He wanted to do something different so he gathered all the family and wealth so the soldiers could see that nothing would be left if they lost. Duraid ibn assimmah. Was older wiser champion of war said gathering family and wealth will do nothing. But malik was young and stubborn and said if you do not follow me, I’ll kill myself and then duraid said “I did not witness this event even though I was there” (meaning he couldn’t do anything about it) – this became a famous saying for muslims later on. 10k muslims went to mecca to open it. 12k went to ta’if. +2k muslims in a matter of days. Many are new muslims and some are even non-muslim saying they wanted to fight alongside Quraish – here is the incidentof thatu anwaat. Some of them were saying “we will beat them by numbers” the Prophet didn’t like this because it was arrogance. They went to the valley of hunain – in Quran “wa yawma hunainin” Malik put the archers hidden in the mountains – many muslims retreated from this. Al-abbas and sufyan ibn al-harith and others stayed the cousin stayed. Some of the people were saying like “finally the magic is over.” Then the prophet told alabbas (who had a strong voice) to say “where are the people of the tree” – meaning hudaibiyya. He sent some people to huwaizim and assigned amr al-ashari the uncle of abu musa al-ashari and they were able to conquer huwaizim. Battle of at-taif For several days he was unable to open at-taif. They even used catapults for the first time. And every time they approached, people were killed. They were unable to open it so they left it. After battle of hunain, the prophet distributed war booty and it was the most ever – He gave much to new muslims and even to kuffar. Many of them accepted Islam. He gave back the war booty to the people of huwazin – at first he was waiting for them to show up but they didn’t. after the booty was distributed , they came. Thul khuwaisirah at-tamimi – he said “oh mohd be fair, do justice” – and the prophet’s face turned red and he said “who will be just if I am not just?” and the companions said “should’nt we kill him?” and the prophet forgave him and said that from his progeny will come people who’s prayer belittles yours but they will leave this religion like an arrow leaves pray and in killing him is a reward. He gathered the ansar and said “did I hear that was true?” and he asked the leaders like saad who said “I am one of my people?” and he said “what is sheep and cattle are you content that they leave with wealth and you leave with the company of the Prophet ?” (and he went back with them) and then he said “if not for the hijrah, I would have been one of the ansar” The battle of mua’tah This happened before the battle of at-taif. There was a strongest power in the world at that time north in what is today Jordan – it was occupied by the romans. The prophet sent 3000 companions. Reasons for the battle Busra in Syria – that’s where the prophet sent al-harith ibn al-azdi with the letter. The messenger was killed by a man from ghassan, a Christian-arab tribe. Wasn’t the prophet afraid of banu qainuqa when they were stronger? No, they killed a man without a good reason. We have to do what is right, not what is in our interest. He gave them instructiosn – fight in the cause of Allah, don’t kill an old man, don’t kill a child, don’t kill a woman. We still dotn follow these ethics of war.
Leaders of that battle – zaid ibn haritha (the prophet’s adopted son), then jafar ibn abi talib (prophet’s cousin – he just got back from Abyssinia, doesn’t he deserve a break? No, there will be time to rest in the grave), then abdallah ibn ruwaih (one of the poets) Heraclius knew about this so he sent an army of 100,000 soldiers. So 33:1. the muslims had always been outnumbered, but never like this. even today, an army of 100k is a lot. People hesitated and said shouldn’t we go tell the pophet about this army? And Abdallah ibn ruwaih said “what are you waiting for? Didn’t we come here to die? This is your chance.” Zaid was killed, then leadership went to jafar who’s hand was chopped and the banner fell so he held it with his left hand until he was killed (in war, you focus on the guy holding the banner because it’s symbolic of the str of the army). Abdallah ibn ruwaih hesitated and then fought and died and then khalid ibn waleed took over and night fell). the expertise of khalid ibn waleed is amazing – he made the kafir army retreat by doing this. Typically in older armies, you would have a 5 sided army, the front, left and right wing, the center, and the back. Khalid switched the sides of the army and the kuffar saw all new faces and thought there were many reinforcements and hesitated. Khalid brought the army back to medina and even though they were so outnumbered only a few companions were killed – amazing. It took them a month to come back but everybody already knew the story. As the battle was going on, the Prophet was being told by Gibreel what was happeneding (ie zaid has been killed, jafar has been killed, when khalid took over, he said one of the swords of Allah has picked up the banner). Khalid applied the ayah in sura anfal What do we learn from this battle? Strength is from Allah, not from numbers. The importance of planning in war The difficulty of jihad the value of the blood of one Muslim, the whole fight was to avenge al harith the permissibility of appointing leaders the permissibility of announcing the names of the dead (there are situations where it’s not permissible) the companions were some of the bravest people on earth. The superiority of the companions – the Prophet said that zaid was lifted by a bed to the heavens. Jafar is known as the winged because he was lifted to heaven by wings. The Prophet was busy with the breach of covenant of the people of mecca… Battle of tabuk Round 2 of battle of mua’tah. Up until today it is a known city in Saudi Arabia – very far from medina. When the Prophet intends to face an enemy, he generally conceals his intention to go do it. In this situation he announced his intention. Why? Because 1) he’s facing the strongest country in the world 2) the conditions were summer, it was very hot. 3) need for preparation for this battle. This battle was called Usra, hardship in the Quran. Othman came and gave money to prepare 1/3 of the army. Omar was very happy that the Prophet was encouraging people to donate. He thought he would surpass abu bakr this time and brought half his money. Abu bakr gave all. This is where that happened. Sura tauba was mostly revealed here during the preparations. Example, there was a hypocrite saying the blond roman women were a fitna to him, Allah responds that leaving jihad is the fitna for him. Abu dharr (ra) was given the glad tidings that he would die alone here and he would be resurrected alone as a nation. The two who followed the messenger The three who are left behind. 11-28-06 Makeup for 11-24-06 & 11-25-06 Battle of tabuk continued (also called battle of hardship)
The prophet was able to take 30k muslims to go with him, this was a large number compared to numbers from previous battles. Ali (ra) was left in Medina and the hypocrites criticized Ali for saying he is staying with women and children and ali didn’t like this so he went to the Prophet and the Prophet said “aren’t you glad that you are to me like harun was to musa?” Then after that the Prophet (s) left medina and on the way to Tabuk, they passed by al-hijr – a place where the people of thamud were punished. (sura hijr in the Quran) the people that prophet saleh were sent to. When they walked by, the prophet said to pass quickly and remember the punishment of Allah. The companions did not do anything wrong, the prophet just warned them. They arrived at tabuk and camped out for 20 days. The kuffar didn’t come so they left and went back. There was no fighting, yet this is still called the battle of hardship because they thought the hardest power in the Dumat al-jandal was led by a Christian named “Ukaydir” – the prophet told khalid he can capture this without fighting. One day, ukaydir didn’t go hunting because he heard the muslims were there. But then he saw animals right in front of his citadel. Once he left, khalid captured him without shedding blood and brought him to the Prophet. Then ukaydir agreed to pay jizya and in return he was protected. Then the Prophet returned back to medina. On the way back, the army went through a valley and hill. The prophet went up the hill with hudaifa and the rest of the army went down the valley. (there were many times the prophet was subject to being assassinated – the day of hijra, the rock of banu nadir, the poisoning from the jewish lady). They wanted to scare the camel and make the Prophet fall. The Prophet told “hudaifa” that they were hypocrites and he told hudaifa the names of the hypocrites. Then he was called the keeper of secrets. Demolition of the masjid of the hypocrites – after returning to medina, The hypocrites built a masjid and appointed someone to pray at the masjid - sura at-tauba - “they did not intend to build a masjid to worship Allah, they built one to fight Allah and his Messenger.” Don’t ever pray in that place. The prophet tore down the masjid. The apology of the hypocrites – they were giving hypocrites for staying behind from the battle. The story of the three companions – Allah says in sura tauba 11:118: 118. (He turned In Mercy also) to the three who were left behind; (They felt guilty) to such a degree that the earth seemed constrained to them, for all its spaciousness, and their (very) souls seemed straitened to them,- and They perceived that there is no fleeing from Allah (and no refuge) but to Himself. then He turned to them, that They might repent: for Allah is Oft-Returning, Most Merciful. Ka’b ibn malik, hilal ibn umaiyah, murara ibn rabi3. Narated By Abdullah bin Kab bin Malik : Who, from among Kab's sons, was the guide of Kab when he became blind: I heard Kab bin Malik narrating the story of (the Ghazwa of) Tabuk in which he failed to take part. Kab said, "I did not remain behind Allah's Apostle in any Ghazwa that he fought except the Ghazwa of Tabuk, and I failed to take part in the Ghazwa of Badr, but Allah did not admonish anyone who had not participated in it, for in fact, Allah's Apostle had gone out in search of the caravan of Quraish till Allah made them (i.e. the Muslims) and their enemy meet without any appointment. I witnessed the night of Al-'Aqaba (pledge) with Allah's Apostle when we pledged for Islam, and I would not exchange it for the Badr battle although the Badr battle is more popular amongst the people than it (i.e. Al-'Aqaba pledge). As for my news (in this battle of Tabuk), I had never been stronger or wealthier than I was when I remained behind the Prophet in that Ghazwa. By Allah, never had I two she-camels before, but I had then at the time of this Ghazwa. Whenever Allah's Apostle wanted to make a Ghazwa, he used to hide his intention by apparently referring to different Ghazwa till it was the time of that Ghazwa (of Tabuk) which Allah's Apostle fought in severe heat, facing, a long journey, desert, and the great number of enemy. So the Prophet
announced to the Muslims clearly (their destination) so that they might get prepared for their Ghazwa. So he informed them clearly of the destination he was going to. Allah's Apostle was accompanied by a large number of Muslims who could not be listed in a book namely, a register." Ka'b added, "Any man who intended to be absent would think that the matter would remain hidden unless Allah revealed it through Divine Revelation. So Allah's Apostle fought that Ghazwa at the time when the fruits had ripened and the shade looked pleasant. Allah's Apostle and his companions prepared for the battle and I started to go out in order to get myself ready along with them, but I returned without doing anything. I would say to myself, 'I can do that.' So I kept on delaying it every now and then till the people got ready and Allah's Apostle and the Muslims along with him departed, and I had not prepared anything for my departure, and I said, I will prepare myself (for departure) one or two days after him, and then join them.' In the morning following their departure, I went out to get myself ready but returned having done nothing. Then again in the next morning, I went out to get ready but returned without doing anything. Such was the case with me till they hurried away and the battle was missed (by me). Even then I intended to depart to take them over. I wish I had done so! But it was not in my luck. So, after the departure of Allah's Apostle, whenever I went out and walked amongst the people (i.e, the remaining persons), it grieved me that I could see none around me, but one accused of hypocrisy or one of those weak men whom Allah had excused. Allah's Apostle did not remember me till he reached Tabuk. So while he was sitting amongst the people in Tabuk, he said, 'What did Ka'b do?' A man from Banu Salama said, 'O Allah's Apostle! He has been stopped by his two Burdas (i.e. garments) and his looking at his own flanks with pride.' Then Mu'adh bin Jabal said, 'What a bad thing you have said! By Allah! O Allahs Apostle! We know nothing about him but good.' Allah's Apostle kept silent." Ka'b bin Malik added, "When I heard that he (i.e. the Prophet) was on his way back to Medina. I got dipped in my concern, and began to think of false excuses, saying to myself, 'How can I avoid his anger tomorrow?' And I took the advice of wise member of my family in this matter. When it was said that Allah's Apostle, had come near all the evil false excuses abandoned from my mind and I knew well that I could never come out of this problem by forging a false statement. Then I decided firmly to speak the truth. So Allah's Apostle arrived in the morning, and whenever he returned from a journey., he used to visit the Mosque first of all and offer a two-Rak'at prayer therein and then sit for the people. So when he had done all that (this time), those who had failed to join the battle (of Tabuk) came and started offering (false) excuses and taking oaths before him. They were something over eighty men; Allah's Apostle accepted the excuses they had expressed, took their pledge of allegiance asked for Allah's Forgiveness for them, and left the secrets of their hearts for Allah to judge. Then I came to him, and when I greeted him, he smiled a smile of an angry person and then said, 'Come on.' So I came walking till I sat before him. He said to me, 'What stopped you from joining us. Had you not purchased an animal For carrying you?' I answered, "Yes, O Allah's Apostle! But by Allah, if I were sitting before any person from among the people of the world other than you, I would have avoided his anger with an excuse. By Allah, I have been bestowed with the power of speaking fluently and eloquently, but by Allah, I knew well that if today I tell you a lie to seek your favour, Allah would surely make you angry with me in the near future, but if I tell you the truth, though you will get angry because of it, I hope for Allah's Forgiveness. Really, by Allah, there was no excuse for me. By Allah, I had never been stronger or wealthier than I was when I remained behind you.' Then Allah's Apostle said, 'As regards this man, he has surely told the truth. So get up till Allah decides your case.' I got up, and many men of Banu Salama followed me and said to me. 'By Allah, we never witnessed you doing any sin before this. Surely, you failed to offer excuse to Allah's Apostle as the others who did not join him, have offered. The prayer of Allah's Apostle to Allah to forgive you would have been sufficient for you.' By Allah, they continued blaming me so much that I intended to return (to the Prophet) and accuse myself of having told a lie, but I said to them, 'Is there anybody else who has met the same fate as I have?' They replied, 'Yes, there are two men who have said the same thing as you have, and to both of them was given the same order as given to you.' I said, 'Who are they?' They replied, Murara bin Ar-Rabi Al-Amri and Hilal bin Umaiya Al-Waqifi.' By that they mentioned to me two pious men who had attended the Ghazwa (Battle) of Badr, and in whom there was an example for me. So I did not change my mind when they mentioned them to me. Allah's Apostle forbade all the Muslims to
talk to us, the three aforesaid persons out of all those who had remained behind in that Ghazwa. So we kept away from the people and they changed their attitude towards us till the very land (where I lived) appeared strange to me as if I did not know it. We remained in that condition for fifty nights. As regards my two fellows, they remained in their houses and kept on weeping, but I was the youngest of them and the firmest of them, so I used to go out and witness the prayers along with the Muslims and roam about in the markets, but none would talk to me, and I would come to Allah's Apostle and greet him while he was sitting In his gathering after the prayer, and I would wonder whether the Prophet did move his lips in return to my greetings or not. Then I would offer my prayer near to him and look at him stealthily. When I was busy with my prayer, he would turn his face towards me, but when I turned my face to him, he would turn his face away from me. When this harsh attitude of the people lasted long, I walked till I scaled the wall of the garden of Abu Qatada who was my cousin and dearest person to me, and I offered my greetings to him. By Allah, he did not return my greetings. I said, 'O Abu Qatada! I beseech you by Allah! Do you know that I love Allah and His Apostle?' He kept quiet. I asked him again, beseeching him by Allah, but he remained silent. Then I asked him again in the Name of Allah. He said, "Allah and His Apostle know it better.' Thereupon my eyes flowed with tears and I returned and jumped over the wall." Ka'b added, "While I was walking in the market of Medina, suddenly I saw a Nabati (i.e. a Christian farmer) from the Nabatis of Sham who came to sell his grains in Medina, saying, 'Who will lead me to Kab bin Malik?' The people began to point (me) out for him till he came to me and handed me a letter from the king of Ghassan in which the following was written: "To proceed, I have been informed that your friend (i.e. the Prophet) has treated you harshly. Anyhow, Allah does not let you live at a place where you feel inferior and your right is lost. So join us, and we will console you." When I read it, I said to myself, 'This is also a sort of a test.' Then I took the letter to the oven and made a fire therein by burning it. When forty out of the fifty nights elapsed, behold ! There came to me the messenger of Allah's Apostle and said, 'Allah's Apostle orders you to keep away from your wife,' I said, 'Should I divorce her; or else! what should I do?' He said, 'No, only keep aloof from her and do not cohabit her.' The Prophet sent the same message to my two fellows. Then I said to my wife. 'Go to your parents and remain with them till Allah gives His Verdict in this matter." Kab added, "The wife of Hilal bin Umaiya came to Apostle and said, 'O Allah's Apostle! Hilal bin Umaiya is a helpless old man who has no servant to attend on him. Do you dislike that I should serve him? ' He said, 'No (you can serve him) but he should not come near you.' She said, 'By Allah, he has no desire for anything. By, Allah, he has never ceased weeping till his case began till this day of his.' On that, some of my family members said to me, 'Will you also ask Allah's Apostle to permit your wife (to serve you) as he has permitted the wife of Hilal bin Umaiya to serve him?' I said, 'By Allah, I will not ask the permission of Allah's Apostle regarding her, for I do not know What Allah's Apostle would say if I asked him to permit her (to serve me) while I am a young man.' Then I remained in that state for ten more nights after that till the period of fifty nights was completed starting from the time when Allah's Apostle prohibited the people from talking to us. When I had offered the Fajr prayer on the 50th morning on the roof of one of our houses and while I was sitting in the condition which Allah described (in the Qur'an) i.e. my very soul seemed straitened to me and even the earth seemed narrow to me for all its spaciousness, there I heard the voice of one who had ascended the mountain of Sala' calling with his loudest voice, 'O Kab bin Malik! Be happy (by receiving good tidings).' I fell down in prostration before Allah, realizing that relief has come. Allah's Apostle had announced the acceptance of our repentance by Allah when he had offered the Fajr prayer. The people then went out to congratulate us. Some bringers of good tidings went out to my two fellows, and a horseman came to me in haste, and a man of Banu Aslam came running and ascended the mountain and his voice was swifter than the horse. When he (i.e. the man) whose voice I had heard, came to me conveying the good tidings, I took off my garments and dressed him with them; and by Allah, I owned no other garments than them on that day. Then I borrowed two garments and wore them and went to Allah's Apostle.
The people started receiving me in batches, congratulating me on Allah's Acceptance of my repentance, saying, 'We congratulate you on Allah's Acceptance of your repentance." Kab further said, "When I entered the Mosque. I saw Allah's Apostle sitting with the people around him. Talha bin Ubaidullah swiftly came to me, shook hands with me and congratulated me. By Allah, none of the Muhajirin (i.e. Emigrants) got up for me except him (i.e. Talha), and I will never forget this for Talha." Kab added, "When I greeted Allah's Apostle he, his face being bright with joy, said "Be happy with the best day that you have got ever since your mother delivered you." Kab added, "I said to the Prophet 'Is this forgiveness from you or from Allah?' He said, 'No, it is from Allah.' Whenever Allah's Apostle became happy, his face would shine as if it were a piece of moon, and we all knew that characteristic of him. When I sat before him, I said, 'O Allah's Apostle! Because of the acceptance of my repentance I will give up all my wealth as alms for the Sake of Allah and His Apostle. Allah's Apostle said, 'Keep some of your wealth, as it will be better for you.' I said, 'So I will keep my share from Khaibar with me,' and added, 'O Allah's Apostle! Allah has saved me for telling the truth; so it is a part of my repentance not to tell but the truth as long as I am alive. By Allah, I do not know anyone of the Muslims whom Allah has helped foretelling the truth more than me. Since I have mentioned that truth to Allah's Apostle till today, I have never intended to tell a lie. I hope that Allah will also save me (from telling lies) the rest of my life. So Allah revealed to His Apostle the Verse: "Verily, Allah has forgiven the Prophet, the Muhajirin (i.e. Emigrants (up to His Saying) And be with those who are true (in word and deed)." (9.117-119) By Allah, Allah has never bestowed upon me, apart from His guiding me to Islam, a Greater blessing than the fact that I did not tell a lie to Allah's Apostle which would have caused me to perish as those who have told a lie perished, for Allah described those who told lies with the worst description He ever attributed to anybody else. Allah said: "They (i.e. the hypocrites) will swear by Allah to you when you return to them (up to His Saying) Certainly Allah is not pleased with the rebellious people..." (9.95-96) Kab added, "We, the three persons, differed altogether from those whose excuses Allah's Apostle accepted when they swore to him. He took their pledge of allegiance and asked Allah to forgive them, but Allah's Apostle left our case pending till Allah gave His Judgment about it. As for that Allah said): And to the three (He did for give also) who remained behind." (9.118) What Allah said (in this Verse) does not indicate our failure to take part in the Ghazwa, but it refers to the deferment of making a decision by the Prophet about our case in contrast to the case of those who had taken an oath before him and he excused them by accepting their excuses. 11-29-06 (makeup for 11-24 & 11-25) 3 deaths in medina Companions used to die every now and then, but these were significant. As’hama, the king najashie, died in Abyssinia. The Prophet (s) told him the same day that he died and the Prophet prayed janazah over him. They say this is a proof that janazah can be done for someone not present. The same incident is proof for the opinion for you cannot do janazah for someone not present because they say this is just an exception because nobody was in Abyssinia to pray over najashie. Umm khulthum, daughter of the Prophet (s) and the second wife of uthman, this is the second daughter that died during his lifetime (the first was during the battle of badr). His attitude doesn’t change, he’s still vigilant unlike some people complain. Abdallah ibn ubai ibn saloun – the Prohpet (s) prayed the janazah for him. Also, abdallah was shrouded with the cloak of the Prophet (s) and the Prophet (s) and buried him personally. And Omar came to him and tried to prevent the Prophet from praying over him saying remember what he did to you. Then the Prophet told omar “oh omar please stay away I was not prevented” and the prophet continedu to pray for forgiveness for abdallah and it was revealed “even if you ask for forgiveness 70 times they will not be
saved” and the Prophet increased his prayers until it was revealed “do not stand over praying for them – they disbelieved in Allah and his messenger” The delegation of Thaqif 9 AH. They came accepting Islam with a condition that they don’t have to pray five times a day and they also wanted to keep their idol and the Prophet refused all this. The first person to accept Islam from their tribe was the leader Urwa ibn masood, a great leader and a great man. ayah in sura zuhruf “the kuffar they said had it been sent to a great man of those two villages, we would have accepted it” – this ayah was referencing this man. The prophet told him to be careful because he might be killed. Urwa said “these people love me more than their own families and if I am sleeping they don’t dare to speak for fear of waking me” but he went to his people declaring Islam and a man killed him with an arrow. They felt bad and went to the Prophet (s). Hajj in 9 AH Once the people saw the prophet (s) open mecca they knew he was a true messenger and leader and the tribes of Arabia knew that whoever controlled mecca controlled Arabia. Abu bakr was appointed as amir to go to hajj. This was a tradition that has been neglected. Leaders used to take this opportunity to check on their subjects since everybody gathers here. Why did the Prophet send abu bakr? One of the things the Quraish did was play with the months – this is mentioned in the Quran. Nasee’an (like riba nasee’an – playing with time) so this time of hajj was not the 8,9, 10 of hajj so the prophet didn’t want to perform hajj unless it was perfect so he sent abu bakr and the next year the hajj would be on the right day. He also sent abu bakr because the total purification was not completed, the idols were removed but the people were still doing the pagan rituals of hajj. The Prophet ordered that after 9AH nobody can do tawaf naked. Perhaps also the Prophet (s) was busy with things that were a priority. Once the Prophet sent abu bakr to hajj, the beginning of sura tawbah was revealed, so the Prophet sent Ali to follow abu bakr – the ayats revealed concerned all the Muslims and he gave Ali his camel, Qaswa. Abu Bakr asked him “did you come as a leader or a follower?” and Ali said “I am a follower, but I have come to deliver a message.” – this shows the importance of media. New revelation: surat at tawba. Most of the sura is revealed concerning the hypocrites in the beginning of tabuk. The beginning of it was revealed concerning jihad. This is why you don’t start with bismillah. Because it’s about fighting so it’s not appropriate that you start with the mercy of Allah. “freedom from obligation is proclaimed from Allah and his messenger toward those of the idolaters with whom ye made a treaty.” “so go about the land for four months and know that you cannot escape Allah and that Allah will bring disgrace to the unbelievers.” “and and announcement from Allah and his Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage the Allah and his messenger are free from liability to the idolators therefore if you repent, it will be better for you, and if you turn back, then know that you will not weaken Allah and announce painful punishment to those who disbelieve” (what’s the greater pilgrimage? It talks about Eid al-adha) – So the Prophet did not allow any religion except Islam in Arabia because they know better. This does not include jews and Christians, just idolaters. We have to read these ayats in context. “then when the sacred months have passed, slay the idolaters where ye find them, etc etc.” – you have to read what comes before and after them. Non muslims like to make a big deal out of these and even some muslims do not know how to answer them. The year of delegations Many tribes came to the Prophet (s) accepting Islam. The delegation of abdal Qais – they used to live in Bahrain, east Arabia, yet they accepted Islam early on even though they are far away.
Dimad ibn Tha’labah (typed incorrectly in the book) – he came to the Propeht (s) after the messenger of the prophet was sent to him so he came to verify it. He said to the Prophet (s) “I am going to ask you things that may offend you so do not beseech me and the prophet said fine and he asked him questions like “are you the messenger that Allah sent to the people” – then we went back to his land and all his people accepted Islam. Also he sent muath to yemen. Christians of Najran (in the south of Arabia) – they came to the Prophet (s) as Christians and the prophet offered them Islam and they refused so the prophet invited them to bring their wives and children each prayed against each other for the curse of Allah be upon them. They refused because they knew he was a prophet. They wanted the protection of the muslims so they paid jizya in the form of garments instead of money. The delegation of banu hanifah – musailimah the liar is among them – he said I’ll accept Islam under the condition that you make me like you after you die (thinking prophethood is just appointed) Surah nasr revealed – now that the people are accepting Islam in groups, it is up to the people to carry on. Only abu bakr understood this was a prophecy about the death of the Prophet and he cried
12-02-06 After we finished 9th Hijrah, after abu bakr returned, now moving to year 10 AH. The main thing that happened was that most people are Muslims and most of Arabia accepted Islam. Some places here and there, small tribes that haven’t accepted Islam. Realize this dawah started with one man. Within 23 years, more than 100k people accepted Islam. On the 25th of dhul qaida year 10 (almost the end of the year) the Prophet (s) moved from Medina and went to Mecca for Hajj (the book says the 26th of dhul qaida, so there is difference of opinion, but the Prophet (s) left on a Saturday). And the prophet went to the miqaat, thul-hulaifa, 280 miles , angel gibreel went to the Prophet and asked him to pray 2 rakats and it became a sunnah to pray at that miqaat. Then the Prophet started the labbaik and wetn to makka. The prophet brought 100 camels to sacrifice (about $70k – wow). The command to include umrah in Hajj in sarif. The prophet said whoever intended to make hajj should do umrah (hajj tamatu3) but he had the hadi so he just did hajj qiran. Abu Musa al-ashari joined the Prophet (s) from yemen (he was sent with muath to yemen). He said “I am doing what the Prophet (s) is doing” and the Prophet asked him if he brought the hadi (sacrifice) and he said no so the Prophet told him to do Hajj tamatu3. The Prophet entered mecca and did tawaf (the tawaf of the umra) and then he did the sa’ee between safa and marwa but he did not complete the umrah. It took him 8 days to go from Medina to Mecca. Over 100k people went with the Prophet (s) to do Hajj. While the prophet (s) stayed there, he shortened the prayer. Then he went and stayed at mina. There is a big masjid there now masjid al-khayf. It is on the spot where the kuffar conspired in the battle of ahzaab. Then he went to Arafah. On that day, the ayah was revealed “this day I have perfected my favor to you and chose for you Islam as your religion” – it is also an indication of the death of the Prophet dying. Also, he prayed zuhr and asr in advance in order to give time for dua because the best of dua is on that day. Khutbah at arafah. One of the best khutbahs ever: “on people lend me your ear, for I know not whether I shall be amongst you again, therefore listen to what I am saying very carefully and take these words to those who are not present. “oh people just as you regard this month this day this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt noone so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that he will indeed reckon your deeds. Allah has forbidden you to take usury, therefore all interest obligations shall henceforth be waived. Your capital is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity. Allah has decreed that there shall be no
interest and that all the interest due Abbas ibn abdal mutalib be waved. Every right arriving out of homicide in pre-Islamic times is hereby waived and the first such right that I waive is that arising from the murder of rabiah ibn al harith ibn abdal mutalib. O people, the unbelievers indulge in the tampering with the calendarin order to make permissible that whih Allah forbade, and to forbid what Allah has made permissible. With allah the maonths …. Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope of that he will be able to lead you astry with big things, so beware of following him in small things. O people it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under Allah’s trust with permission. If they abide by your right, then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed with kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are yoru partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends … O people listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your five daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramadan and give yoru wealth in zakat, and perform hajj if you can afford to. All mankind is from adam and eve, an arab has no superiority over a non-arab nor a non-arab; also a white has no superiority over a black nor a black has any superiority over a white – except by piey and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and the muslims constitute a brotherhood. Noting shall be legitimate to a muslim which belongs to a fellow muslim unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not therefore do injustice to yourselves. Remember one day you will meet Allah and answer your deeds. So beware: do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone. O people, no prophet or apostle will come after me, and no new faith will be born, Reason well, therefore, O people, and understood my words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Quran and my Sunnah and if you follow these you will never go astray. All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and my the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. Be my witness, O Allah, that I have conveyed your message to your people. Scholars say there were two khutbahs, one at arafah and one the next day. The Bedouin who took the nose string of the camel of the Prophet (s) – it was at this time. Rabia3, son of umaya ibn khalaf (the one who was killed in badr and tortured bilal) was one of the people who was calling out the khutbah to the people (one person’s voice is not enough for 100k) – look at how the children of the worst enemies of Islam are not some of the best companions like Ikrimah ibn abi jahl. Then the Prophet (s) woke up the day of muzdalifa and left before sunrise (the arabs had a superstition about leaving after sunrise so the Prophet broke this) Indications that the Prophet (s) was leaving soon – the ayah revealed then the khutbah, and he also asked them to take the rites of hajj directly from him. 12-10-06 Signs of the Prophet’s (s) approaching death Sura nasr Ayah in mecca – the religion is perfect His saying “if I am not with you, take it from abu bakr” Visiting the martyrs of uhud – he also visited al-baqi3 – the graveyard Sickness of the messenger (s) It was elevated for 12 days. He took permission from his wives to stay in one house because it was hard for him to move from house to house.
He became so sick that he could not lead the prayer for the first time. The Prophet (s) insisted that abu bakr lead the prayer even though aisha thought he was too weak and would cry. The messenger already dispatched an army under the leadership of usamah to fight the romans. Usamah was 16 or 17 – why did the prophet assign him? because his father was killed in that battle. He also sent another group to yemen – al aswad al ansi was a liar who claimed prophethood – there were two during the life of the messenger. The prophet (s) was worried. One day before the Prophet (s) died, the wahi came that al-aswad was killed. Fatima comes and visits her father. She was sad for her father – he said the harm will leave me soon (meaning his death ends his strife and there are no worries in the afterlife) His last sayings – fear allah in regards to prayer and fear allah in regards to women – take care of women. do not abuse them, make sure you are just to them. Also, not to take the grave of prophets as masjids. The last thing he did. He was unable to talk (the pain and trouble of messengers is doubled and their reward is doubled) The prophet died on a Monday, the 13th of rabi al awal in the 11th year of hijrah. When people celebrate the prophet’s birthday on the 12th of rabi al awal, (which is wrong, it’s the 9th) what are they celebrating? The Prophet died the next day! His last words “fareeqam 3ala” – the companionship of the most High. Aisha knew he was going to die because the prophets are given the choice. When the Prophet died, he had 6 dinars. He insisted they be given in charity and then he fell unconscious. When he awoke, he asked if it had been dealt with. When the prophet died they didn’t know how to bury him, should they unclothe him or what? The companions all prayed janaza individually – they couldn’t stand that someone was between them and the prophet. Then aisha said the prophets are buried where they fall. So they buried him in the house of aisha (he died with his head on the chest of aisha) I think sheikh said that prophet said he was poisoned by that jewish woman in the 7th year of hijra and this poison was catching up to him now and some scholars say he died of his poison and that he died a martyr.