Analysis of existing landscape-ecological changes and outline of expecting ones (on example of territory of the biosphere reserves of Slovakia) Scientific grant project VEGA No. 1/0437/03 Rudolf Midriak, Branislav Olah Summary The most intensive land use changes (during approx. 220 years) occurred on landscape boundaries (both natural or socioeconomical). In BR Tatry it was mainly town Vysoké Tatry, in BR East Carpathians overgrowing processes prevail. The most stable were areas in BR Poľana and BR Slovak Karst. In mountain areas land cover changes reach 6% (urbanised and shrub areas gain on behalf of agricultural land and forest). From the point of landscape diverstiy in Slovak BR 72% of area is montane erosion-denudated landscape with rift kast underground water and 28% of area is basin accumulative-erosion landscape. Present landcape structure of BR is agricultural landscape (more than 32%, forest un- or rarely settled landscape (almost 49%), and un- or rarely settled slightly disturbed high mountain landscape (19%). The species most rich Orthoptera communities we found in preserved ornatural biotopes, on the other hand disturbed biotops hosted only poor communities. We found, untill now undescribed, troglobiont species Hauffenia sp. in Sl. Karst salient waters and also examined a movement of invasive fauna species into original biotopes. Management plans for endangered fauna species (national and European) were proposed. Landscape of biosphere reserves in endangered mainly by water erosion processes, land slides, debris flows, snow avalanches, etc. The highest average turbidity of surface runoff is on non-testockled area, the lowest on young (shaft) spruce forest. The lowest soil compaction was in forest, the highest values were measured on sheep paths, then on meadows and pastures. Present load, vulnerability and ecological significance of landscape in the Hriňová water reservoir basin (BR Poľana) was assessed (forest roads density, clear cutting, surface disturbance), declination of positive ecological processes (anti erosional, water management, hydric and other forest functions).