List of symbols
symbol A A Bg C C C0 Cj,1 Cj,2 Cj,base Cj,surface Cj,top d dman drm
dry
name radioactivity (Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5) variogram range = average geographical size of spatial pattern (Chapter 7) background radiation activity concentration (Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5) scale of variogram (Chapter 7) nugget variance of variogram (Chapter 7) characteristic activity concentration of sediment group 1 characteristic activity concentration of sediment group 2 activity concentration of base layer (Chapter 5) apparent activity concentration measured directly on top of soil activity concentrations of top layer (Chapter 5) top-layer thickness manual top-layer thickness radiometric top-layer thickness concerning sediment without water energy lag distance channel or material intensity of γ-radiation radionuclide: 40K, 232Th, 238U or 137Cs mass number of extracted parameters in Full-Spectrum analysis number (e.g. observations, atoms, γ-ray counts) number of spectral channels number of observations (Chapter 7) without background radiation statitistical probability multiplicity value (average number of γ-rays emitted per becquerel)
unit
(as used in this thesis)
Bq m counts per second (cps) Bq kg-1 cm2 cm2 Bq kg-1 Bq kg-1 Bq kg-1 Bq kg-1 Bq kg-1 cm cm cm eV or MeV m Bq g or kg – – –
E h i I j m m N n n
net
p pj
– γ-rays Bq-1
194
symbol R s s S t t1/2 TC V w wa
wet
name peak resolution in γ-ray spectrum saturation (Chapter 3) standard deviation measured spectrum time half-life time total count rate volume weight factor absolute water content concerning sediment including water distance percentage of grains smaller than 125 µm (Chapter 4) standard spectrum depth in soil (Chapter 5) parameter value at measurement point (Chapter 7) mixing coefficient, contribution of radiation from the coarse-grained sediment group to total measured radiation contribution of radiation from the fine-grained sediment group to total measured radiation (1–α) semivariance (Chapter 7) porosity extra correction factor for the effect of water (resulting from the difference in attenuation characteristics between water and quartz) decay constant linear attenuation coefficient mass-attenuation coefficient density CHI-square statistic
unit
(as used in this thesis)
% – counts per second seconds or years various counts per second (cps) cm3 – – cm or m % counts (Bq kg-1)-1 cm
x x X z z αj
– – cm2 – –
β γ ε θ λ µ µ/ρ ρ χ2
s-1 cm-1 cm2 g-1 g cm-3
195