Future of Infrastructure
Introduction on CDN, P2P & Cloud computing
Vincent BONNEAU, Head of Internet Services, IDATE
Internet traffic growth is accelerating …
• User base still increasing
• Overall growth close to 10% per year in most of the advanced countries
• Strong impact of online video consumption
• Close to 100% growth per year (including encoding)
• New web applications and tools modifying the traditional patterns
• Read-write web (user upload from Web 2.0 services) • Distributed web (RSS, APIs, etc…)
Online video consumption (USA)
• With still more to come
• HD video, 3D, etc… • Extended social graph
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… and bringing challenges for scalability
• Technical challenges
• Manage the increasing volumes of traffic • Ensure numerous simultaneous connections
Traffic vs Cost
• Financial challenges
• IP transit prices decline is slow and can not compensate the traffic growth • Only a few players (first mile) are getting paid for the traffic
• Leading to peering quarrels, bandwidth throttling and consumption caps
• Peering is not free (hardware costs) and not adapted to video streaming (too asymetrical)
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Internet giants develop their own infrastructure …
Google servers
• Traditional internal optimisation techniques are not enough • Distributed web services from Amazon
• Open to third parties
• Google reference architecture
• Homegrown low-cost computing platform with commodity servers and advanced distributed software
• (BigTable, MapReduce, etc…)
• Deployment of its own datacenters with more than 5 billion USD invested in the last 2 years • Backbone involvment with submarine cable
• Other major players following in the footsteps of Amazon and Google
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… giving them critical competitive advantage
• Ensure scalability
• No real off-the-shelf solutions • Strong performances (uptime, latency) allowing better user experience
Scene completion
• Optimise costs
• Bandwidth control • Energy-efficient solutions • Faster scaling from opening the infrastructure
• Control and analyse more data
• Future innovations based on large amounts of data (translation, scene completion, etc…)
• Rather than fined-tuned conceptual models
• Direct impact on monetisation (advertising, e-commerce) • Traffic analysis (audience, advertising)
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Other solutions for scalability …
• Smaller web players can turn to CDN solutions
• Combination of technologies distributed in the Internet (caching, load balancing, traffic monitoring, etc…) for popular content • Used by most e-commerce (spikes) and online video players
Costs for video delivery per Gbps
• P2P is also an alternative
• Users become servers • Used by BBC iPlayer, Joost, etc… • Some performance limitations (upload, SLA, unoptimised routing, …)
• Hybrid approaches with CDN
CDN principles
• Telcos becoming very concerned
• Who is paying for the P2P traffic? • Development of in-network approach with P4P
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… have led to a very dynamic market
• Overall CDN market growth above 50% per year
• • Increasing demand from e-commerce and video SaaS and professional online applications
CDN & P2P World Market
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Crowded landscape
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Akamai as the clear leader Pressure from specialized players (Limelight, CDNetworks, Chinacache, etc…) 300 million USD invested in the last 18 months First moves from telcos on the CDN/P2P market (Level3, AT&T, Telia) and more recently cloud computing (Verizon) BT (21st CN API)
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Telcos reactions
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Key questions
• What solutions are being used to ensure quality of service and scalability, especially for video services? • What impact are the Internet giants’ cloud computing initiatives having on the infrastructure? • As new last-mile technologies are being rolled out, how will the rest of the network evolve to respond to the rise in distributed traffic and who will pay for it?
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