Cut Flowers Product Profile No 1

Cut Flowers: Product Profile No. 1 Product: HSC Code: Species: Cut Flowers (Roses and Chrysanthemums) 06301010 (Roses) and 06301020 (Chrysanthemums) Rosa spp and Dianthus spp. Main seasons: All year round Mode of transport: By Air INTRODUCTION The first rose farms were planted in Uganda in 1992. At that time rose production and exports were growing fast in Kenya, and Ugandan investors assumed that the greenhouse technology and agronomic experience of their neighbors could be easily transferred across the border. So the production systems employed and varieties of roses selected were based directly on those used in Kenya. Farms are situated along Lake Victoria basin in Mukono, Wakiso and Mpigi districts. An economic and technical analysis of the industry carried out by the IDEA Project in 1996/97 showed that: • Most varieties planted were unsuitable for the Ugandan climate and should be uprooted because they would never be profitable. Essentially these were the large-headed “tea hybrid” rose varieties such as Prophyta and First Red. • Small-headed “sweetheart” types like Frisco and Lambada were producing competitive yields and reasonable quality flowers that could give profitable return over time. • Margins were likely to be squeezed in future as production was increasing in other East and Southern African countries. For the Ugandan industry to survive and compete, investors had to re-plant with suitable varieties, improve their management systems and reduce costs. Flower Exports from Uganda, 1998-2005 7000 6000 Volume (tons) Cuttings Roses Total Value Flower Exports from Uganda, 1998-2005 34.45 31.92 26.53 21.13 14.61 14.46 40.0 35.0 Total Value (US$ million) 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 9.72 30.0 25.0 5380 6344 1219 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 15.90 3069 3820 4424 874 1104 2594 2000 1541 224 352 430 641 795 Source: UFEA 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 1 Flower exports from Uganda gradually increased in both volume and value over the years. Between 2002 and 2004, there was an average annual increment of 26 per cent in value and only 8 per cent between 2004 and 2005. The industry is continually increasing in hectarage to about 200 Ha and more than 40 rose varieties as well as the Chrysanthemum cuttings. Over the years, farms were established based on the principle of high volume production of sweetheart roses at a competitive price. Uganda is now recognized in the global floriculture industry as a major supplier of small roses at prices that are very competitive for the fast-growing supermarket sector. Production of Chrysanthemums cuttings and other potted plants were introduced over the years. The industry is well organised through the Uganda Flower Exporters Association (UFEA) which is a private sector trade association supported by all growers. Main uses of cut flowers Cut flowers are mainly used for the following purposes: Ornamental as fresh flowers or potted flowers. Ornamental using dry petals Product specification Sold in bouquets with sleeves via direct sales to specific buyers on contract. Sold in bunches of 20 stems via auctions like the Floraholland and VBA(Aalsmeer). Clean, free of blemishes, diseases, should be the same length per bunch. PRODUCTION General Information 9000 8000 7000 Volume (tons) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2001 2002 Source: IDEA Project & UFEA 2003 2004 2005 3896 5563 4846 6808 Volume of Flowers Produced in Uganda, 2001-2005 7942 Uganda’s flower industry saw a gradual steady growth in production of flowers. The flowers include Roses, which represent about 70 per cent, and Chrysanthemums, which represent 25%. The remaining 5% are other potted plants, which have been introduced recently, and some are still on trial basis. There has been an average annual growth of 20% for flower production in Uganda. About 95% of flowers produced are exported and 5% is sold on the local market or is thrown away at the farm if it is poor quality. Location and land: Water is the major consideration. Since rose farms consume up to 50,000litres per Ha per day (50m3), most of them are located next to Lake Victoria or one of the swamps feeding the lake. This also has the advantage of being close to Entebbe Airport. Land should be relatively level to avoid high leveling and preparation costs. Although the start-up operation may be less than 5ha, depending on finance available, it is best to buy at least 20ha of land to allow for future expansion to an efficient farm size of 10ha of greenhouses plus buildings. Management: Growing roses is a specialist skill which most investors do not have. It pays to spend a lot of time finding an experienced manager who is willing to run the operation for at least three years including the start-up phase. This should be enough time to pay back the initial loan (see below). Plants: Plants represent 40% of the initial investment in a rose farm, so it is worthwhile getting good advice on the supplier and checking on the plants at least twice during their preparation. If they are being grown in Kenya or Uganda, the farm manager should check them before dispatch. Rose planting density is generally 60 to 70 thousand plants per hectare. UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 2 Breeders produce new rose types based mainly on colour and head size. Since they do not usually have vigorous root systems, they are grafted on to “rootstocks” which are wild varieties with strong growth characteristics. This means that when starting a rose farm it is necessary to buy rose plants from a specialist propagator. There are various types of plant available, but on average it will take 6-8 months from planting to normal production. The cost of the plant is split between the propagator’s price and a royalty paid to the breeder of the variety. The first blooms appear about 4 to 5 months from planting. It takes up to one year to reach full production. If possible the first planting should be planned reach commercial production for the main export season of October-May. Yield drops 10-20 percent in the later years of useful life (generally 45 years) of the rose plant, and new plants have to be bought. Varieties: A grower should not take chances on varieties. Plant “safe” varieties which have performed well in Uganda in the past and have large, reliable markets. Frisco, Lambada and Escimo are the most popular and there is a lot of technical information and local experience available on how to grow these varieties. In Uganda mainly Sweetheart and Intermediate varieties are grown and new varieties are introduced each year. More than 30 other varieties are grown commercially, and some of these in Uganda by 2005 are; Sunbeam, Golden gate, Viva, Red Calypso, Chelsea, Rodeo and Poeme may have great potential for the future. The most popular sweetheart colours in the European market are pure yellow, red, white, pink and orange. These colours always sell. Planting other colours or “bicolours” carries a higher risk even when prices look good. For projects growing on hydroponics, it is possible to select some intermediate varieties. Agronomy: For sweetheart roses in Uganda, the objective should be to produce at least 350 roses/square metre/year. The roses need to have a head size which is typical for the variety and a stem length of 40-50cms or more. This can easily be achieved if established varieties are chosen and good agronomic techniques applied from planting to packing. • Land should be leveled and the top soil replaced before any construction starts. Greenhouses can have wooden or steel frames. Pre-fabricated steel houses are more expensive but allow for better temperature and humidity control. There are many types of horticultural plastic available for roses. Basically you get what you pay for. Soil is prepared into beds and sterilized with a recommended nematicide or steaming. It is also possible to use an artificial soil or “substrate” such as “coco peat”, which is rotted coconut husks. These substrates have the advantage of being more or less sterile and have good water-holding and other structural advantages. They are more expensive than planting in soil, but several farms in Uganda have started using substrates with promising results in terms of the quality and quantity of roses produced. Water and fertilizer are supplied daily through a drip irrigation system. Regular soil and water analyses to determine fertilizer requirements are essential. Samples are sent to specialist laboratories in Holland for analysis. Plant growth is carefully controlled through pruning and picking off of early flowers to produce well-trained, healthy bushes, which can continue producing for more than five years if necessary. Pest and diseases are controlled by a range of cultural techniques and chemical pesticides. The main fungal diseases to be controlled are downy and powdery mildew and botrytis. Red spider mite is the main insect pest. Harvesting is carried out 2-3 times each day. Roses grow in flushes generally spaced 28 days to 60 days apart, depending on the variety and temperature. Flushes can be evened out by sequencing the planting and later the pruning. Since each flower must be picked at a specific stage of petal opening, they need to be picked up to four times on hot, sunny days. A flower not picked in optimum condition will not achieve Class I and will be discounted by as much as 20-30 percent. Immediately after picking, flowers are placed in a bucket filled with 3-4 liters of water containing bactericide, and carried to a cold store maintained at 2-4oC. Grading is carried out in a cool, clean packhouse. Flowers are sorted by physical appearance and size according to stem lengths. After grading and bunching, flowers are placed back in water in the cold store for up to two days. They are later packed into boxes and transported to the airport in a refrigerated truck. 3 • • • • • • UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 • • • Packaging materials are a major cost. Correct packaging is essential to maintain quality and also to ensure that overall savings are made on airfreight costs. Prior to boxing, stems are trimmed and wrapped in bunches of 20, with the flower heads in each one protected by corrugated paper. Depending on variety and size, each box is packed with bunches (360-600 roses) with a gross weight of about 15 kg. Boxes are stapled on site from prefab sheets. Quality determines price. quality of Roses is based on freshness; flower head size; flower opening stage and uniformity; stem thickness, strength and straightness; freedom from disease; freedom from growth disorders; freedom from pesticide residues; vase life; and overall grading uniformity. Standards have recently been introduced by major buyers in the European market to ensure that all flowers meet consumer expectation in terms of environmental protection, worker welfare and consumer safety. Traceability of product in case problems are detected, and minimal use of agro-chemicals, are essential components of these standards which require every farm to maintain high levels of documentation and well-organised, transparent management systems. External audits by approved auditors are necessary to prove that farms are following the codes of practice. The two major standards are EUREP-GAP, which is essential for the EU supermarkets, and MPS, which is primarily an environmental monitoring system established by the Dutch auctions. Production Costs Capital costs of Establishing 6 ha of Rose Production Cost in US$ % of total Cost/ha Land purchase 45,000 3 7,500 Land preparation 60,000 4 10,000 Greenhouse structures 180,000 12 30,000 Irrigation infrastructure 60,000 4 10,000 In-house irrigation, sprayers etc 54,000 4 9,000 Electrical installation + generator 40,000 3 6,667 Plants 600,000 39 100,000 Packhouse – 400m2 50,000 3 8,333 Cold store - 100m2 50,000 3 8,333 Other buildings 60,000 4 10,000 Vehicles - truck, pick-up 30,000 2 5,000 Tools and equipment 30,000 2 5,000 Office equipment 10,000 1 1,667 Working capital for 8 months 190,000 12 31,667 Miscellaneous – 5% 72,950 5 12,158 100 TOTALS 1,531,950 255,325 Assumptions: 1. Figures in $US 2. Exchange rate $1.00 to €1.20 to Ush2200/3. Rose plants costed at €0.70/plant + €0.85 royalty and 6 plants/m2 4. Greenhouse costs for wood, concrete and plastic $3.00/m2 5. In-house drip, sprayers etc at 9,000/ha 6. Packhouse and buildings at $20/m2 7. Land at $7,500/ha 8. Land clearing and leveling $5,000/ha 9. Fumigation and phosphate $5,000/ha UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 4 Operating Margins The table below gives a theoretical income/expenditure statement for a well-managed farm based on high-yielding Frisco types of sweetheart rose in Uganda. The average production cost per rose stem is US $0.04; most growers have agreed upon this value, though this depends on management systems, varieties, and specific costs. Operating margin for 10ha of Roses GROSS INCOME – FOB Expenses Chemicals and fertilizer Telephone/fax Electricity Management and labour Repairs and maintenance Interest Packaging Fuel - generator and vehicles Insurance Administration Transport Depreciation Sub-total expenses NET INCOME Notes 1. Sweetheart varieties 2. Yield 400 stems/m2 3. FOB value $0.06/stem 4. Interest 10% on $1.4 million Gross income depends very much on airfreight rates (not included here) and flower quality. Also, as growers become more experienced, they may choose to grow new varieties that produce mediumsized flowers on longer stems than sweethearts. These have a higher cost of production per stem, but achieve a higher market price. The net result tends to be the same in terms of return per square meter. In theory, the relatively short start-up period of 8-12 months, and return on investment of 50% allows the pay-back period to be in a range of 2-3 years. In practice, successful growers have tended to reinvest and expand as soon as they get a positive cash flow, so this pay-back is hardly ever achieved. As with all investments, especially in agriculture, poor management, lack of technical skills and natural disasters can also lead to low yields, poor quality roses and negative margins. 1,255,000 Income US$ Expenses US$ 2,400,000 180,000 9,000 24,000 180,000 80,000 140,000 120,000 36,000 10,000 6,000 80,000 280,000 1,145,000 UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 5 MARKETING Size of Global Market The European Union (EU) is believed to consume over 50 percent of the world’s flowers and includes many countries with a relatively high per capita consumption of cut flowers. Germany is the biggest consumer, followed by the UK, France and Italy in order of importance. In some of the larger European markets, including Germany, France and The Netherlands, consumption have been stagnant or declining over the past five to ten years (Source: Flower Council of Holland, 2004). The market is dominated by the imports and sales of the Dutch auctions and independent Dutch traders and distributors. The global market value of floriculture products is over $6 billion. However, the costs of production in Europe and other developed countries are increasing so rapidly, that the market for all imported products is expected to rise significantly in the future. Exports of flowers and plants from Kenya are already valued at over $200 million. At present Uganda is producing roses and plant cuttings to the value of about $32 million by 2004. Ugandan growers are increasingly working together to sell directly into the UK and Germany. Top 15 cut flowers species sold at the Netherlands auctions, 2003 (€ million) % Change Cut Flowers 2003 2002-2003 Rosa 681 -2.6 Dendranthema Ind Grp TR 299 -2.6 Tulipa 186 8.6 Lilium 160 -4.8 Gerbera 106 -1.7 Cymbidium 66 -0.7 Freesia 60 -3 Anthurium 43 2.6 Alstroemeria 40 -10.1 Dendranthema Ind Grp GE 38 7.5 Gypsophila 37 -7.4 Dianthus (Chrysanthemums) 35 -21.4 Eustoma russellianum 34 -7.1 ypericum 31 -13.1 Zantedeschia 30 -2.6 Other 483 Total 2330 -2.6 Source: Flower Council (VBN), 2004 Because of their large market share in total European consumption, The Netherlands auctions can be used as an indicator for the best-sold cut flower species in the EU. Other EU members, in contrast, play only minor roles. Since 1993, Roses have dominated the EU imports of fresh cut flowers. After a small increase between 2001 and 2002, imports decreased by 5 percent between 2002 and 2003, amounting to € 774 million in the latter year. Importers In the EU, total imports of fresh cut flowers were € 2.9 billion in 2003, representing a decrease of 8 percent compared to the preceding year. The UK was the leading EU importer, accounting for 27 percent of total EU imports, followed by Germany (25%), The Netherlands (15%) and France (14%). Import Share by Value of Roses by EU Member countries, 2003 (Euro million) United Kingdom 11% Austria 4% Italy 7% Others 10% France 14% Netherlands 28% Germany 26% The Netherlands surpassed Germany and became the largest EU importer of fresh cut Roses, accounting for about 30 percent of total EU imports in 2003. Other leading EU importers were Germany (26%), France (14%) and the UK (11%). Of the leading EU importers, only France increased its imports continuously between 2001 and 2003. During the same period, the smaller importing EU member countries such as Sweden, Denmark, Spain 6 UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 and Greece increased their imports considerably. Suppliers The Netherlands not only produces but also re-exports large volumes of Roses. Therefore, The Netherlands was by far the leading supplier of fresh cut Roses to the EU, accounting for 57 percent of total EU imports in 2003. The leading countries supplying Roses to the EU, 2001-2003 (€ million) The leading developing countries exporting cut flowers and foliage to The Netherlands were Kenya, Zimbabwe, Ecuador and Colombia. In 2003, Kenya accounted for 43 percent of total cut flowers and foliage imports originating in developing countries into The Netherlands. Zimbabwe accounted for (17 percent), Ecuador (11 percent), and Colombia (7 percent). Due to the country's political situation, exports from Zimbabwe have strongly declined, as have exports from Ecuador. Country Netherlands Kenya Ecuador Zimbabwe Uganda Zambia Colombia Israel Belgium € millions 439 153 46 37 18 17 13 11 9 Source: CBI & Eurostat (2004) Change in Exports to the EU in some countries, 2001-2003 Between 2001 and 2003, Kenya, the leading developing country supplier to the EU, increased its already substantial market share. Whereas developing countries increased their exports to the EU by only 1 percent, Kenya managed an export growth of 17 percent to € 208 million. Other good performers among the major developing country suppliers were South Africa (up 33 percent to € 19 million), Uganda (up 36 percent to € 18 million) and Turkey (up 55 percent to € 17 million). Even faster growth was realized by Ethiopia (up 230 percent to € 3.2 million) and Iran (up 664 percent to € 1.2 million). On the other hand Colombia (down 7 percent to € 95 million), Ecuador (down 13 percent to € 72 million) and Zimbabwe (down 18 percent to € 57 million) lost ground on the European market. Change in Exports to EU in some countries, 2001-2003. Euros Million in % change 2003 2001-2003 Kenya 208 + 17% Colombia 95 - 7% Ecuador 72 - 13% Zimbabwe 57 - 18% South Africa 19 + 33% Uganda 18 + 36% Turkey 17 + 55% Ethiopia 3.2 + 230% Iran 1.2 + 664% Three important factors relating specifically to cut roses have stimulated new market interest and investment in Uganda: • In 2002 Dutch production of small and medium roses dropped 29% and imports grew 16% in value • Supermarkets in Germany and UK have targeted flowers as a profitable growth area. Their requirement is for low cost small roses and bouquets. • Israel and Zimbabwe, major producers of small roses and competitors to Uganda, have reduced their production by more than 20% due to political and economic factors. UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 7 Prices The total rose market has grown by about 5% per annum in recent years and this is expected to continue into the foreseeable future. Owing to the nature of supply and demand, short-term price fluctuations occur frequently at the auctions. These intra-day price fluctuations can be considerable. Climatic conditions can also have a strong impact on short-term price levels. Furthermore, some of the main holidays and festivals strongly influence the prices. A clear seasonal price pattern exists; prices are at their lowest during the summer period, when production in the EU reaches its peak, and highest in November. On average, imported products sell for lower prices than Netherlands products. The main reasons are the higher quality of the Netherlands products, the freshness of local produce, and their wider range, which comprises a number of specialised, high-priced products C omparison of the Price Tre nd of Floraholland Auction Price s for Rose Exports from Uganda, 2003 Vs. 2004 14 13 Price Eurocents per stem 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 Jan Feb Mar Apr Source: Floraholland Auction, 2004 May Jun 6.8 7.2 6.8 7.6 5.9 11.2 9.3 9.5 10.0 9.3 8.8 8.7 7.1 12.8 12.7 11.3 10.6 10.3 9.1 8.3 8.3 7.3 6.5 6.4 2003 2004 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Auction prices for all imported small and medium roses averaged at €0.09/stem in 2003 and 2004 but there has been an overall reduction of prices per stem over the past five years. Most Ugandan growers spread their risk by splitting their marketing between auctions and fixed price contracts with independent importers. Factors influencing producer prices: ♦ Seasonality ♦ Colour and quantity of leaves ♦ Variety ♦ Free from chemical deposits and watermarking ♦ Size of buds ♦ Free from pests and diseases ♦ Stage of opening of buds ♦ Packaging ♦ Uniformity of bud-opening stage ♦ Overall appearances ♦ Colour-brightness of flower ♦ Temperature of flowers on arrival ♦ Bud damage ♦ Vase life ♦ Uniformity of stem length per bunch ♦ Regularity of consignments ♦ Uniformity of bud size per bunch ♦ Buyer’s previous experience of suppliers ♦ Consistency within and between Source: CBI & VBN consignments UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 8 EXPORTERS OF CUT FLOWERS UGANDA FLOWER EXPORTERS ASSOCIATION (UFEA) Contact: Keith Henderson Telephone: 077 906198, 031 263320 Fax: 031263321 E-mail: ufea@afsat.com Web site: www.ufea.com Aurum Roses Contact: Kunal Lodhia Telephone: 071 333999, 041 510200/2 Fax: 041 533570 Email: shiva@ucil.biz , kunal@aurumroses.com Xpressions Contact: Pandya Kashyap Telephone: 071 202005, 041 256875 Fax: 041 286087 Email: xpressions@utlonline.co.ug Pearl Flowers Contact: Raghbir Sandhu Telephone: 077 725567, 041 232578 Fax: 041 344519 Email: pearl@utlonline.co.ug Rosebud Contact: Sudhir Ruparelia, Valentina Ajay Telephone: 077 766666, 077 777776, Fax: 041 232939 Email: sudhir@rosebudlimited.com info@rupareliagroup.com Uganda Hortec Contact: Shyam Sundar, Telephone: 077 748217, 041 448279 Fax: 041 448130 Email: scoul@mehtagroup.com Belflowers Contact: Mark Graves Telephone: 077 740101, 077 740112 Fax: 077 251113 Email: info@belflowers.com mark@belflowers.com Fiduga Contact: John Rutten Telephone: 077 722037, 077 722032 Fax: 077 280806 Email: john@fiduga.co.ug, Jambo Roses Contact: Daniel Kiryango Telephone: 075 748077, 075 784551 Fax: 075 246200 Email: jambo@infocom.co.ug Kajjansi Roses Contact: U.N. Bhat Telephone: 071 722128, 041 200959 Fax: 041 200314 Email: madvhani@starcom.co.ug Magic Contact: Jan Krul Telephone: 077 744623, 041 220710 Fax: 041 223880 Email: liliasha@infocom.co.ug Mairye Estates Contact: Mahmood Hudda Telephone: 077 744620, 041 220711 Fax: 041 220712 Email: mairye@mairye.co.ug Ugarose Contact: Stanley Mulumba Telephone: 077 498216, 041 221244 Fax: 041 223808 Email: ugarose@infocom.co.ug Royal Van Zanten (U) Ltd. Contact: Jacques Schrier Telephone: 077 765555, 031 234100 Fax: 031 234210 Email: j.schrier@royalvanzanten.com Venus Farms (U) Ltd. Contact: S.N. Kapoor Telephone: 077 709894, 041 349062 Fax: 041 349063 Email: midlandgroup@africaonline.co.ug Victoria Flowers (U) Ltd. Contact: Rene G. Bartoli Telephone: 071 730066, 041 320255 Fax: 041 321438 Email: victoriaflwr@one2netmail.co.ug Wagagai Ltd Contact: Pim De Witte, Olav Boenders Telephone: 071 727372, 071 727377 Fax: 041 321221 Email: wagagai@infocom.co.ug UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 9 Melissa Flowers Contact: Toby Maddison Telephone: 077 722270, 077 722262 Fax: 077 250123 Email: toby.maddison@melissa-flowers.com Fresh Handling Ltd. Contact: Graham Stone Telephone: 077 200499 Fax: 031 262491 Email: grahamstone@freshhandling.com Oasis Nurseries Contact: Vincent Senyonjo, Frank Nyombi Telephone: 077 523232, 031 263444 Fax: 041 233441 Email: oasis_nursery@yahoo.com UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 10 IMPORTERS OF CUT FLOWERS: 1. Floraholland Auction Middel Broekweg 29 Postbus 220, 2670 AE Naaldwijk The Netherlands Tel: +31 (0) 174 63 21 58 Fax: +31 (0) 174 63 25 60 E-mail: communicatie@bvh.nl Website: www.floraholland.nl Zurel Flowers B.V P.O. Box 1050 1430 BB Aalsmeer Netherlands Tel: +31 (0) 297 333333 Tel: +31 (0) 297 333518 E-mail: info@zurel.nl Arrowflor/Rotoflower Middelbroekweg 29, 2670 AE Naaldwijk Tel: +31 (0) 6 53492769 Fax: +31 (0) 297 326339 P.Kooij & Zonen B.V. Hornweg 132 Postbus 341 1430 AH Aalsmeer Holland Tel: 31(0) 297 32 40 85 Fax: 31(0) 297 34 23 58 Sierex BV Grevelingstraat 15 Postbus 81 2160 AB Lisse-Holland Email: Ikralt@sierex.nl 2. Bloemenveiling Aalsmeer (VBA) Auction Legmeerdijk 313, P.O. Box 1000 1430 BA Aalsmeer Netherlands Tel: +31 (0) 297 393939 Fax: +31 (0) 297 390039 E-mail: info@vba.nl 3. 4. Van Beek Bloemen Bloemenveiling, P.O. BOX 1290, 1430 BG Aalsmeer Tel: +31 (0) 297 361085 Fax: +31 (0 297 361079 OLIMEX Postbus 270, 1430 AG Aalsmeer Nederland Tel: +31 (0) 2977 23881 Fax: +31(0) 2977 42636 5. 6. 7. 8. Teleflower Auction Noorddammerweg 102 B 1187 ZV Amstelveen. Tel: 020-64 04 985 Fax: 020 6404 985 9. 10. Lingarden Flowers LTD Weston, Spalding, Lincolnshire PE12 6HP, England. Tel: 01406 372000 Fax: 01406 372018 Chrysanthemum Importers 11. FIDES P.O. Box 26 2678 ZG De Lier Coldenhovelaan 6 2678 PS De Lier Tel: +31 (0) 174 530100 Fax: +31 (0) 74 530110 E-mail: info@fides.nl 13. Royal Van Zanten LLC 790 Live Oak Ridge road P.O. Box 1920 Nipomo, CA 93444, USA Tel: (805) 929 2858 Fax: (805) 929 2772 E-mail: cuttings.usa@royalanzanten.com 12. Deliflor Chrysanten Postbus 77 2676 ZH Maasdijk, Netherlands Tel: +31 174 527100 Fax: +31 174 527111 E-mail: info@deliflor.nl UEPB Product Profile on Cut Flowers No. 1, 2005 11