Reading

Basic Skills for the TOEFL® iBT Reading - 3 WORD UNIT 1 military acceptable forbidden battle strongly dress up secret equal risk historically conform dainty frail oppose undergo settle region empty tribe labor farm exploit settler contradict integrity displace collapse expose treaty dependent n. PARTS KOREAN SAMPLE SENTENCE 군대 받아들일 수 있는 금지된, 금단의 전투, 싸움 강하게, 열심히 차려입다 비밀 같은, 동등한 위험성, 도박 역사적으로, 역사상 따르게 하다, 순응하게 하다 섬세한, 가냘픈 adj. adj. n. adv. phrase n. adj. n. adv. v. adj. adj. v. v. v. n. adj. n. n. v. v. n. v. n. v. v. v. n. adj. 무른, 연약한 ~에 저항하다 견디다, 참다 (문제를) 해결하다 지방, 지역 (용기 등이) 빈 부족, 종족 노동, 근로 경작하다 이용하다, 착취하다 식민자, 이주자 부정하다 성실, 정직 바꾸어 놓다, 대신 들어서다 무너지다; 붕괴 쐬다, 노출시키다 조약, 협정 의지하는 Before you join the military you must pass the health checks. Certain behaviors that are acceptable in one country might be considered rude in another. Plagiarism is forbidden and you will be expelled if you are caught. Most comic books feature a battle between a superhero and an evil villain. Animal lovers strongly oppose cruelty toward animals. Children like to dress up as adults. Most people can share their secrets with their close friends. The two candidates are equal in their credentials, but one has more experience. The flight was delayed because of a high security risk. Historically, women were thought to be unintelligent. She is conformed to legalized gambling because she believes it is a sin. She was not a dainty little girl. She likes to play rough with the boys. He is getting frail in his old age. If he falls he could easily break his hip. Many young adults of the 1960s opposed societal norms. He had to undergo radiation therapy for his cancer. Can’t we settle a dispute on our own? Some regions in a country are better off than others. Is this cup half full or half empty? He belonged to a tribe that moved around in search of food. Working on a building site requires hard labor. My grandfather wants to farm his own vegetables. Responsible consumers do not buy products that were produced in sweatshops where children and other workers are exploited. The settlers had to clear the land of trees and shrubs before they could build their homes. When people lie, they often contradict themselves. The scandal was especially shocking because he was thought to be a man of integrity. Thousands of people lost their homes and were displaced as a result of war and are now refugees in a neighboring country. It is not a good time to sell because of the recent collapse in housing prices. You shouldn’t expose your skin to UV rays, as they can cause cancer. The two leaders signed the treaty to make the agreement legal. Children are dependent on their parents for food and shelter until they are old enough to work. Unit 2 photography enormous advance period subject learn infer expose sharp attach whole insert frame precede fragile liberty statue harbor gift actually though adjacent flee scenario oppress visual found shackles diversity invoke n. adj. n. n. n. v. v. v. adj. v. adj. v. n. v. adj. n. n. n. n. adv. conj. adj. v. n. v. adj. v. n. n. v. 사진술, 사진 촬영 거대한, 막대한 진보, 향상 기간, 시기 주제, 제재 배우다, 익히다 I love taking pictures. I think I’ll join a photography group. The elephant looked enormous next to the puppy. Advances in technology are faster than we can keep up with. Some periods in life can be very difficult. The artist really captured the inner turmoil of the subject. You can learn a lot from experience. Even though he didn’t confess, we can infer from the evidence that 추론하다 he is guilty. You must be careful not to expose the film until you get in the dark 드러내다, (햇빛에) 쐬다 room. This picture is blurry. We can use a computer program to make it 예리한, 뚜렷한 sharp. 붙이다, 첨부하다 I attached a note to the file to remind her to call the client. 전체의, 전원의 Most people cannot eat a whole cake on their own. After you insert the disk into the disk drive, it should start to load 끼워 넣다, 삽입하다 automatically. 틀, 액자 That’s a nice photo. You should put it in a frame and hang it up. 앞서다, 앞장서다 The national anthem always precedes the game. 부숴지기 쉬운 Fragile items need to be wrapped carefully. 자유, 석방 The United States is known as the land of liberty. 상, 조각상 Statues make great decorations for the garden. 항구 Ferries board passengers from the harbor. 선물 Chocolates make great gifts. 실제로 Chocolate is actually made from beans. ~이지만, ~(이긴) 하지만 Though I would like to travel, I need to save up first. 이웃의, 인접한 The parking lot lies adjacent to the building. 달아나다 The robbers fled the scene when they heard police sirens. Reality shows place regular people in different scenarios so that 영화 시나리오, 상황 audiences can watch how they behave. 압박하다, 억압하다 The people were tired of being oppressed by an evil dictator. 시각의, 눈에 보이는 A visual advertisement uses a picture to get the customer’s ~의 기초를 세우다, The city was founded in 1749. 설립하다 수갑, 족쇄 The inmates are kept in shackles so they can’t escape. Some people want to limit immigration, but I prefer to live in a place 다양성 with a lot of diversity. 불러일으키다 The speech was meant to invoke a sense of pride. Unit 3 tiny microscope micro organism biology scientific write idea philosopher highly accurate perseverance study experiment rigorous confine famous controversial origin species evolution exciting desert thick fur colleague incompatible Bible prohibit evil ignore adj. n. n. n. adj. v. n. n. adv. adj. n. v. n. adj. v. adj. adj. n. n. n. adj. n. adj. n. n. adj. n. v. adj. v. 작은, 조그마한 현미경 미생물 생물학 과학의, 과학적인 글씨를 쓰다, 저술하다 생각, 착상 철학자 몹시 정확한 인내, 인내력 공부하다, 학습하다 (과학) 실험 엄한, 엄격한 가두다, 감금하다 유명한 논쟁의, 쟁점이 되는 기원, 발단 (분류상의) 종, 종류 발달, 진화 흥분시키는, 자극적인 사막 두꺼운 부드러운 털 동료 성미가 맞지 않는 성경 금지하다 나쁜, 사악한 무시하다 Germs are so tiny that they cannot be seen without a microscope. Doctors use microscopes to look at slides containing bacterial diseases. It is amazing to think how many micro organisms fly unseen in the air around us. Marine biology is the scientific study of sea life. The scientific causes of diseases were not known for hundreds of years. I don’t like writing essays. Innovative ideas create great inventions. The German philosopher Karl Marx wrote the book Das Kapital . The waiter highly recommended the chef special. During national elections it is very important that vote counts are accurate. Olympic athletes need a lot of perseverance and practice to win gold medals. Studying languages is very useful. Scientists often do experiments with mice and rats to check the effect of drugs. Rigorous exercise can harm your health, so moderate exercise is better. Queen Elizabeth I had her enemies confined in the Tower of London. Famous people have less privacy than normal people. The decision to impeach President Bill Clinton in 1999 was a controversial one. Astronomers are still trying to figure out the exact origin of the universe. Cockroaches are a very interesting insect species that can survive nuclear bomb explosions. The evolution of computer technology has been very rapid. We received exciting news from out cousins. There are no plants in the desert. I like to sleep with a thick blanket. Polar bears are camouflaged in the snow because of their white fur. Marie Curie and her husband, Pierre, were colleagues who worked well together. When husbands and wives are incompatible, marriages often end in divorce. The Bible story of Adam and Eve tells about the snake in the Garden of Eden. Laws that prohibit smoking in public places are found in most countries. Hitler was considered a very evil man because he killed so many people. It is dangerous to ignore pain and it’s better to see a doctor if you get hurt. Unit 4 sleep enough integral health during repair lack ultimately fluctuation patient aid medication addicted supplement melatonin find pregnant grow fertile difficult conceive luckily mature birth defect blood pressure sonar heartbeat utilize induce n. adj. adj. n. prep. v. n. adv. n. n. v. n. adj. n. n. v. adj. v. adj. adj. v. adv. adj. n. n. n. n. n. v. v. 수면, 졸음 충분한, 필요한 만큼의 절대 필요한 건강 ~동안 수리하다 부족, 결핍 최후로, 마침내 변동, 오르내림 환자 돕다, 거들다 약제, 약물 중독된 추가, 보충 [생화학] 멜라토닌 발견하다, 찾아내다 임신한 성장하다, 기르다 자라다, Students usually don’t get enough sleep during exams. As unexpected guests arrived to the party, we didn’t have enough food. The concept of freedom an integral part of the US constitution. The people’s health should never be compromised. During the war, many people were killed. The workers are repairing the damage to the bridge. A lack of good education is a big problem for jobseekers in South Africa. The Allies ultimately won the World War II because of US support. There are often fluctuations in the oil price due to the war in the Middle East. When patients leave hospital they usually have to exit in a wheelchair. Europe and North America provide Africa with a lot of financial aid. Type-C diabetics often have to inject themselves with insulin medications. The poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge was addicted to the drug opium. Ascorbic acid and flax seed oil are excellent health supplements. When it gets dark, your body starts to produce melatonin to help you sleep. We had to find hidden eggs in the Easter egg hunt. Some people believe Princess Diana was pregnant when she died in 1997. The flowers we grew in the backyard were dug up by our puppy. 번식능력이 다산인 있는, In some cultures, women who are not fertile are rejected by their husbands. Though tempting, you shouldn’t leave difficult tasks till the end. It is easier for women to conceive at certain times of the month. Luckily, it wasn’t raining on the day of the wedding. Girls are usually more mature than boys during the teenage years. Giving birth is the greatest pain a woman will endure. If you buy an appliance with a defect, you should return it to the 결점, 단점 store at once. 혈압 When people become angry, their blood pressure often rises. 수중 음파 탐지기, 소나 Dolphins and whales communicate with each other using sonar. 심장 박동 Athletes have slower heartbeats due to their fitness. 이용하다 Technology is utilized by more people today than twenty years ago. When a woman’s contractions are too slow, doctors often induce 야기하다, 유도하다 birth. 곤란한, 어려운 임신하다 운 좋게, 다행히도 성숙한 출산, 분만 Unit 5 manager run worker provide motivation appreciate success enhance relation brief interview compile cooperative termination productive commodity decide answer supply demand increase alternatively graph x-axis y-axis inclination coincide intersection insight aggregate n. v. n. v. n. v. n. v. n. adj. n. v. adj. n. adj. n. v. n. v. n. v. adv. n. n. n. n. v. n. n. adj. 지배인, 경영자 경영하다, 관리하다 노동자 공급하다 자극, 유도 고맙게 생각하다, 감사하다 성공, 달성 (질, 능력을) 높이다, 강화하다 관계, 이해관계 A manager of a company usually has the most responsibilities. Running a business is a big risk. It is important to keep your workers happy. The hotel will be providing basic amenities. The possibility of promotion was her motivation for putting in the extra hours. Most women appreciate flowers on special occasions. Most people dream of achieving success. People often add some salt to enhance the flavor of the soup. The recent scandal has put a strain on inter-staff relations. The teacher’s comments were brief and emphasized the student’s 잠시의, 단시간의 strong points. 인터뷰, 면접 Interviews can be intimidating. She compiled some of the author’s less known short stories into a 수집하다, 편집하다 book. The children became more cooperative when they realized they had 협력적인, 협동의 a common goal. Harassment will not be tolerated among the staff and will result in 해고, 면직 termination. 생산적인, 생산력을 Some people are more productive in the morning because they have 가진 more time to themselves. He made his fortune by setting up a website where people can buy 상품, 일용품 and sell commodities. 결심하다 Deciding your career path takes time. 대답, 해답 Some students copy other students’ answers during an exam. No one knew the doll would be so popular. Supply couldn’t keep up 공급하다 with demand. 요구, 수요 There was a huge demand for the new video game this Christmas. When you increase your driving speed, you must note that it will 늘리다, 증가시키다 take longer to brake. You can enter university as soon as you finish high school. 아니면, 혹은 Alternatively, you may choose to defer. 그래프, 도식 Graphs make information easier to understand. [수학] x 축 As you might right along the x-axis, quantity gets bigger. [수학] y 축 As you move up the y-axis, price gets higher. We had to increase the inclination of the ramp or else it would have 기울어짐, 경사 been too long. 동시에 일어나다 My birthday coincides with the full moon year. The intersection of the supply curve and the demand curve 교차, [수학] 교점 determines the optimal price. Having grown up in a troubled home, the teacher had insight into 통찰, 간파 her student’s problem. We will add each department’s expense account to come up with 집합적인, 총계의 the aggregate expenses. Unit 6 definition anthropology culture explorer undertake journey indigenous island Aborigine simple vegetable hut way of life uncivilized conduct society young marry wedding usually allow raise tradition contemporary rank persistent feminist gender suffragette marches n. n. n. n. v. n. adj. n. n. adj. n. n. n. adj. n. n. adj. v. n. adv. v. v. n. adj. n. adj. n. n. n. n. The definition of the word “aloof” is to be shy and to avoid other people. 인류학 Harvard University has an excellent anthropology department. 문화 When in other countries, you should abide by their culture. Captain James Cook was a famous explorer and the Cook Islands are 탐험가 named after him. In 1953, Sir Edmund Hilary undertook the ascent of Mount Everest (일을) 맡다, 떠맡다 in Nepal. 여행 You should enjoy taking journeys while you are still healthy. 타고난, 고유의 The indigenous people of Mexico were called Mayans. 섬 Australia is a continent but also a large island. The Aborigines of Australia play a musical instrument called a 오스트레일리아 원주민 didgeridoo. 간단한, 단순한 The best life is a simple life. 야채 Fruits and vegetables are vital to a healthy diet. 오두막, 오두막집 The Kikuyu people lived in huts on the foothills of Mount Kenya. 생활 방식 The Berber people of Morocco have a nomadic way of life. The character, Tarzan, was raised by monkeys and therefore much 야만의, 미개한 uncivilized. President Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 because of bad and illegal 행위, 행실 conduct. 사회(단체), 지역 사회 The society came together to celebrate the 100th anniversary. 젊은, 어린 When we are young we have less to worry about. ~와 결혼하다 Film actress Grace Kelly married Prince Rainer III of Monaco in 1956. At a traditional Jewish wedding, the couple breaks a glass during the 결혼식, 혼례 ceremony. 보통, 일반적으로 It usually gets colder during the night. 허락하다, 허가하다 Parents do not allow children to do dangerous activities. 양육하다, 키우다 Legend has it that Romulus and Remus were raised by a she-wolf. 전통, 관례 Some children do not understand the reasons for certain traditions. Modern and contemporary art is very different from the art of the 같은 시대의, 현대의 Renaissance. 계급, 등급 The lowest rank you can be in the army is a private. 고집 센, 완고한 To succeed in business, you need to be very persistent and Germaine Greer is a feminist writer from Australia who wrote The 여성해방론자 Female Eunuch. Doctors can tell the gender of a baby while still inside its mother’s 성, 성별 stomach. (특히 20 세기 초 Emmeline Pankhurst was a founder of the British suffragette 영국의) movement. 시위, 행진 Americans held many protest marches to try to end the Vietnam 정의 Unit 7 pursue career always process concept storyline brainstorm topic run free chapter structure pace capture imagination real prize award journalist born rich newspaper university wonderful try harder allocation fiction drama press media prospect v. n. adv. n. n. n. v. n. phrase n. n. n. v. n. adj. n. n. n. adj. adj. n. n. adj. phrase n. n. n. n. n. n. 쫓다, 추적하다 직업 늘, 항상 과정, 진행 개념, 구상 줄거리, 구상 영감을 떠올리다 화제, 주제 자유롭게 돌아다니다 (책, 논문의) 장 구조 걸음걸이, 걷는 속도 붙잡다, 생포하다 상상력, 상상 실재하는, 진정한 상, 포상 상, 상금 저널리스트, 보도기자 태어난 부유한, 돈 많은 신문 대학교 훌륭한, 굉장한 더욱 노력하다 배당, 배급 소설, 꾸민 이야기 희곡, 연극 기자단, 언론 매체 전망, 가망 The police pursued Colombian drug lord, Pablo Escobar, for many years. Most people change careers at least once during their life. Always make sure your seatbelt is on in the car. Immigration processes take a long time and is costly. Einstein’s theories are full of concepts most people find hard to understand. The film version of Gandhi’s life has an interesting storyline. When faced with a serious problem, it helps to brainstorm Sometimes it is hard to choose a topic to write about. Many animal lovers do not like zoos because animals are not allowed to run free. The book, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix , has thirty-eight chapters. The structure of a building needs to be sturdy. Olympic athlete Cathy Freeman can run 400 meters at a very fast pace. Saddam Hussein was captured by US forces on December 13, 2003. Walt Disney used his imagination to create characters like Mickey Mouse. Pinocchio is a wooden puppet that is turned into a real boy by a fairy. At the end of each year, prizes are given to top students and The Academy Awards are a big event in the American film industry. Many journalists have been killed in Iraq since war started in 2003. She was born in Korea. Rich people should be more giving to the less fortunate. The Guardian is one of the most respected newspapers in England. Parents tend to think that university will guarantee success in life. We heard wonderful news of Jenny’s new baby boy. If you want a better score, you must try harder than you usually do. The United Nations makes many fund allocations for humanitarian causes. Leo Tolstoy was one of Russia’s greatest fiction writers. Oedipus Rex is the most famous drama by the Greek playwright Sophocles. The press is responsible for giving us accurate daily news. In today’s world we get our news from the mass media. The prospect of getting into a good college makes students aim for high SAT scores. Unit 8 dependence fossil fuel pollutants non-renewable restore create scarce incentive option natural extract comfortable geothermal principal in the long run damage lifestyle rely pollute greenhouse gas implication breathe grasp carbon footprint minimize assess consumption exceed offset counter n. n. n. adj. v. v. adj. n. n. adj. v. adj. adj. adj. phrase n. n. v. v. n. n. v. v. n. v. v. n. v. v. v. Social welfare programs should discourage people from developing a dependence on them. 화석 연료 We are very dependent on fossil fuels. 오염물질, 오염원 Smog is the result of pollutants in the air. (자원이) 재생 불가능한 Fossil fuels and nuclear power are non-renewable resources. 복구하다, 회복하다 A good rainfall will restore water levels after a drought. 창조하다 Christians believe that God created the world. 부족한, 모자라는 We should all save water for future before it becomes scarce. 자극, 동기 The threat of losing one’s job provides the incentive to work harder. 선택권 Consider all your options before making important decisions. 자연의, 타고난 A lot of people are not satisfied with their natural hair color. 뽑다, 추출하다 Oil rigs extract oil from the Earth. ~에 만족하는, 안락한 If you are not rich, but not poor, you are comfortable. Geothermal heating systems rely on heat naturally generated by the 지열의 Earth. 주된, 주요한 Catching criminals is the principle job of a police officer. Re-insulating a house may be expensive, but saves money in the 결국, 마침내 long run. 손해, 피해 The insurance paid for the damages after the car accident. 생활 양식 We should all try to improve our lifestyles. 의지하다, 신뢰하다 Students need to learn to rely and trust each other. 더럽히다, 오염시키다 Littering pollutes the environment. 온실 가스 The rate of greenhouse gas in the West is not sustainable. The Equal Rights Amendment had important implications for racial 함축, 암시 discrimination. 숨쉬다, 호흡하다 If you breathe rhythmically, your blood will circulate better. 터득하다, 이해하다; Economics majors have a good grasp on how the economy works. 파악, 이해 탄소 발자국, 탄소 Using mass transit is one way to cut down on one’s carbon Governments can minimize the burden of rising oil prices by issuing 극소화하다 checks to the poor. Managers assess each employee’s performance to determine if they 평가하다 deserve a pay raise. 소비 Consumption is responsible for global warming. ~을 넘다 It’s possible to get a speeding ticket if you exceed the speed limit. 상쇄하다 In order to save money, one must offset expenditures. The music industry is looking for ways to counter the effects of free 무효로 하다, 취소하다 downloading. 의뢰, 의존 Unit 9 tobacco cancer respiratory trigger circulation exposure second-hand smoke incidence prevalence continue reluctance addictive stimulant trick tense psychology behavior academic involve researcher hypothesis design validity applied psychiatrist therapy bound code ethics abuse n. n. adj. v. n. n. n. n. n. v. n. adj. n. v. adj. n. n. adj. v. n. n. v. n. adj. n. n. adj. n. n. n. Tobacco companies make a lot of revenue for the government through tax. 암 If detected early, cancer can be removed. 호흡의, 호흡과 관련된 Respiratory problems are common in areas with air pollution. (분쟁 등을) 촉발하다, The Stock Market Crash triggered the Great Depression. 담배 야기하다 순환 노출, 쐼 간접 흡연 발생, 발생률 Poor circulation can cause muscle cramps. Exposure to UV rays can cause skin cancer. Second-hand smoke is more harmful than smoking itself. The incidence of autism has increased in the recent years. The prevalence of many diseases often decreases once its major 널리 퍼짐, 유행 cause is identified. 계속하다, 지속하다 Let’s continue this activity tomorrow. 마지못해 함, 꺼림 Some people show reluctance when asked to move for work. Caffeine is addictive. Once you start drinking coffee, it’s very hard to 중독성의 give up. 흥분제 Caffeine is a stimulant. It causes your heart to beat faster. 속이다 He’s so gullible, he is tricked easily. It is a good idea to take a vacation and relax if you are feeling too 긴장한, 긴박한 tense. 심리, 심리학 People who are interested in the mind study psychology. 행동, 행실 Good behavior may reduce jail time. 대학의, 학문적인 Some employers want to see your academic transcript. 포함하다, 수반하다 Chemistry classes involve practical work. 연구원, 조사원 To be a good researcher you need to be thorough and motivated. The hypothesis that smoking causes cancer has been proven many 가설, 가정 times. 디자인하다, 설계하다 A fashion designer designs clothes. It is important to assess a study’s validity before jumping to any 정당함, 타당성 conclusions. Unlike theoretical linguistics, applied linguistics is concerned 응용의, 적용된 primarily with teaching language. 정신과 의사 Psychiatrists deal with mentally ill patients. 요법, 치료 Some psychologists use hypnosis as a form of therapy. 묶인, 의무가 있는 Doctors are bound by the Hippocratic Oath. 규약, 규범 The boy scouts have a code that guides their behavior when 윤리학, 윤리 A person’s ethics will determine what they believe is right or wrong. If a friend tells someone about your secrets then they have abused 악용, 오용; 악용하다 your trust. Unit 10 exception hand-held device text advantage capable bookshelf distinction link media equivalent version publisher distribution electronically upgrade get rid of trend corporate continually solution biodegradable eco-friendly transport marginal toxic landfill item previous motherboard n. adj. n. n. n. adj. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. n. adv. v. phrase n. adj. adv. n. adj. adj. n. adj. adj. n. n. adj. n. 제외, 예외 포켓용의, 손에 들고 장치 텍스트, 문자 유리한 점, 이점 능력 있는 서가 구별, 차별 링크, 연계 There are no exceptions to the rules. They must be abided. PDAs are like hand-held computers. Some devices are difficult to use at first. Computers display texts in a variety of fonts, sizes, and colors. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages to living out of home? Some cars are capable of reaching speeds of up to 250 miles per hour. The bookshelf was filled with many books. It is important to be aware of the distinction between fact and Many websites contain links to other websites that might be of interest. Television, newspapers, and magazines are all types of media. 수단, 매체 동등한 것, 같은 가치의 The metric equivalent of one cup is 250 milliliters. 물건 The 2005 version of the film War of the Worlds featured Tom 변형, 개조 Cruise. Aspiring writers should send their work to several publishers for 출판업자 consideration. Distribution is often handled by a middleman between the 분배, 배급 manufacturer and the seller. 전자식으로, 컴퓨터로 Email allows us to send messages and pictures electronically. (성능을) 향상시키다 When your software becomes outdated it is time to upgrade. 없애다, 제거하다 The government must get rid of toxic waste sites. 경향, 유행 Current trends in fashion usually start in the US. 법인의 Corporate tax rates are low to attract international business. 계속해서, 줄곧 Joseph continually annoys his siblings. 해결 The solution to getting better marks is studying. You can put food scraps in the garden because they are 생물 분해성이 있는 biodegradable. 환경 친화적인 Environmentally conscious people choose only ecofriendly products. 수송, 운송 The cost of transport is a significant part of the price. The cost of running an awareness campaign is marginal compared to 별로 중요하지 않은 the money it will save. 유독한 Pregnant women should avoid toxic fumes. 쓰레기 매립지 Landfills take up too much space. 항목, 조목 You can find various items for sale at flea markets. Each year new car models come out that feature various 앞의, 이전의 improvements on previous models. (컴퓨터) 마더보드, 본체 The motherboard is the most important component of a computer. 기판 Unit 11 refugee leave oppress danger prison abandon run away without politics religion distressing integration contend urgently convenience argue environmental vocal global warming dangerous environment flood storm successive figure out conference assemble halt Kyoto Protocol protocol n. v. v. n. n. v. phrase prep. n. n. adj. n. v. adv. n. v. adj. adj. n. adj. n. n. n. adj. phrase n. v. v. n. n. 피난자, 망명자 떠나다 학대하다, 탄압하다 위험 (상태) 교도소, 감옥 There are many refugees from Africa’s war zones living in London. Refugees must leave their homes and friends. Stalin oppressed the people of the USSR and they lived in fear. A dog will bark when there is danger. Alcatraz is famous prison on an island off the coast of San Francisco. Many mountaineers have abandoned the ascent of Mount Everest 버리다, 단념하다 because of bad weather. 도망치다 Instead of fighting back, some people choose to run away. ~이 없으면 Without water, everything will die. Many countries do not like the politics of North Korea’s leader, Kim 정치 역학, 정치, 정책 Jong-Il. 종교 There are many conflicts between religions. 괴로움을 주는, 비참한 Losing a loved one is very distressing for family members. Racial integration between black and white people in the US has 통합, 완성 taken many years. Nurses have a lot to contend with working in hospitals with so many 논쟁하다, 주장하다 sick people. The transplant was performed urgently because the man was about 긴급하게, 다급하게 to die. A microwave oven is a modern convenience because it cooks food 편의, 편리한 물건 so quickly. 논쟁하다 The married couple argued every day. 환경의 The hole in the ozone layer is a serious environmental issue. 목소리의, 음성의 If your vocal chords are cut, you will be unable to speak. 지구 온난화 위험한, 위태로운 환경 홍수, 큰물 폭풍 연속하는 ~을 생각해내다 협의, 상의 모이다, 집합시키다 정지하다, 멈추다 교토 의정서 의정서, 협안 Global warming is caused by CO2 gas trapped in the atmosphere. Nuclear weapons are very dangerous. Using less water will help the environment. In December 2004, a giant wave caused a flood of water that killed thousands. During the storm, many trees fell over. Successive Israeli prime ministers have been unable to make peace with the Arabs. Sherlock Holmes figured out the motive of the crime. There are many medical conferences to discuss the problem of HIV/Aids. On February 11, 1990 many people assemble in Cape Town to see Nelson Mandela free after twenty-seven years. Police try to halt the trade of drugs by sending dealers to prison for many years. The US did not want to sign the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. There are very strict protocols about using nuclear weapons because they are so dangerous. Unit 12 amateur theater acting get together professional appreciation community hall city classical respected audience laugh humorous adaptation musical soccer confuse differentiation hard injury bump helmets uniform versus score goal posts referee neutral blow whistle n. n. n. phrase adj. n. n. n. adj. adj. n. v. adj. n. n. n. v. n. adj. n. v. n. n. prep. v. n. n. adj. v. n. 아마추어, 비전문가 극장 연출, 연기 All athletes start off as amateur before they are good enough to make money from playing sport. More people go to cinemas than theaters. British actor, Sir Laurence Olivier, practiced a style of acting called “The Method.” (사람 등이) 모이다, A reunion is where people who haven’t met for a while get together. 만나다 직업적인, 프로의 Maria Sharapova is a professional tennis player. The world still has a great appreciation for the music of Amadeus 감사, 존중 Mozart. Most towns and cities have community halls where people meet up 마을 회관 for events. 도시, 시 The city usually has the most entertainment. In classical times, the tragedies of playwrights Sophocles and 고전 문학의, 고전적인 Euripides were often performed. 훌륭한, 존경받는 The Dalai Lama is a respected figure in the Buddhist world. 청중, 관중 Comedians try hard to make the audience laugh. (소리 내어) 웃다 Everyone laughs differently. 유머러스한, P. G. Wodehouse is well known for writing very humorous novels. Director Kenneth Branagh has done many film adaptations of 개작, 각색 Shakespeare plays. 희가극, 뮤지컬 The Phantom of the Opera is a famous musical. 축구 David Beckham is a famous soccer player. 혼동하게 하다 People get confused with the names of twins. It is hard for color-blind people to see a differentiation between red 구별, 차별 and green. 하기 힘든, 힘겨운 Building a spacecraft is a very hard activity. Brain injuries are very dangerous and the reason people wear 상해, 손상 helmets. 부딪치다, 충돌하다 We bumped into other people on the subway, because it was (안전모 등의) 헬멧 Cyclists that compete in the Tour de France have to wear helmets. 제복, (선수의) 유니폼 Soldiers and policemen must always have neat uniform. ~에 대하여, ~에 “Roe versus Wade” was a very important court case in US legal 반대하여 history. Brazil scored two goals against Germany in the World Cup soccer 득점하다 final in 2002. In rugby, players can get points for drop kicks that land over the goal 골대 posts. 심판원 Referees must know the rules of their sport better than anyone else. 중립의 Switzerland has stayed neutral in all major European wars. (관악기 등을) 소리내다, The police blew the whistle when he spotted people jaywalking. 휘파람, 호각 In some countries, policemen blow whistle when they chase