Change Management of UMLBased Systems Engineering Artefacts
David Price US NDIA SE Conference October 2007 David.Price@eurostep.com
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Agenda
• UML® artefacts for SE, OMG SysMLTM • Engineering Change Management • A Standard Approach to Change Management for SysML
– ISO AP233
Trademark Notice
OMG SysML Overview slides are trademarked or registered trademarks of the Object Management Group, Inc. in the United States and other countries.
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UML artefacts for SE, OMG SysML
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The “U” means “Unified”
• In the beginning, there were several software engineering diagramming techniques
– largely pretty pictures for human consumption
• Unified Modeling Language (UML®)
– is their merger/standardization in the Object Management Group (OMGTM) – includes numerous diagrams – includes rigorous underlying model of the information contained on those diagrams – is extensible, can tailor UML to create new languages called UML Profiles
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UML in Systems Engineering
• Some UML diagrams are useful outside the software engineering community
– E.g. State machines to simulate systems behavior
• Organizations created methodologies for using UML in Systems Engineering • SE community desired more commonality and so the OMG Systems Modeling Language (SysML) standard was born
– Same thing happened for Systems Architecture and thus the OMG Unified Profile for DODAF/MODAF (UPDM) was born
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What is SysML?
• SysML is really two things
– A set of graphical notations for modeling systems – A formal specification of the information content the icons on the diagrams represent
• a subset UML language model with SE extensions
• SysML was developed in collaboration between INCOSE, OMG and ISO
– SysML is a key step towards the Model Based Systems Engineering vision
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Structure
sd ABS_ActivationSequence [Sequence Diagram]
Behavior
«block» Library::Elec tro-Hydraulic Valve
ibd [block] Anti-LockController [Internal Block Diagram] m1
bdd [package] VehicleStructure [ABS-Block Definition Diagram] «block» Library:: Electronic Processor d1 «block» Traction Detector
«block» Anti-Lock Controller
stm TireTraction [State Diagram] m1:Brake d1:Traction Modulator Detector PreventLockup [Activity Diagram] LossOfTraction act
interaction state machine
Slipping
detTrkLos()Gripping
«block» Brake Modulator c1:modulator interface
d1:Traction Detector m1:Brake Modulator
DetectLossOf sendSignal() Traction modBrkFrc(traction_signal:boolean)
RegainTraction TractionLoss :
Modulate BrakingForce
modBrkFrc()
activity/ function
definition
use
sendAck()
req [package] VehicleSpecifications [Requirements Diagram - Braking Requirements]
par [constraintBlock] StraightLineVehicleDynamics [Parametric Diagram]
Vehicle System Specification «requirement» StoppingDistance id=“102” text=”The vehicle shall stop from 60 mph within 150 ft on a clean dry surface.” Braking Subsystem Specification «requirement» Anti-LockPerformance id=”337" text=”Braking subsystem shall prevent wheel lockup under all braking conditions.”
tf:
tl:
bf: f: F:
c :Accelleration Equation [F = ma] a: a: v: v:
:BrakingForce Equation [f = (tf*bf)*(1-tl)]
:DistanceEquation [v = dx/dt]
«deriveReqt»
:VelocityEquation [a = dv/dt]
x:
Requirements
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Parametrics
Structure
Cross-cutting relationships
act PreventLockup [Swimlane Diagram] «allocate» act PreventLockup [Activity Diagram] :TractionDetector «allocate» :BrakeModulator
allocatedFrom «activity»DetectLos d1:Traction OfTraction Of Traction Detector m1:BrakeModulator m1:Brake Modulator allocatedFrom «activity»Modulate BrakingForce values DutyCycle: Percentage
Behavior
ibd [block] Anti-LockController [Internal Block Diagram]
satisfies «requirement» Anti-Lock Performance ibd [block] Anti-LockController [Internal Block Diagram] d1:TractionDetector
c1:modulator c1:modulator Interface Interface c1:modulator interface
allocatedFrom «ObjectNode» TractionLoss:
ate lloc a
DetectLossOf Traction
TractionLoss:
Modulate Modulate BrakingForce BrakingForce
value binding
v.chassis.tire. Friction: v.brake.abs.m1. DutyCycle:
allocatedTo «connector»c1:modulatorInterface
satisfy
req [package] VehicleSpecifications [Requirements Diagram - Braking Requirements]
par [constraintBlock] StraightLineVehicleDynamics [Parametric Diagram]
v.brake.rotor. BrakingForce:
v.Weight:
par [constraintBlock] StraightLineVehicleDynamics [Parametric Diagram]
Vehicle System Specification «requirement» StoppingDistance id=“102” text=”The vehicle shall stop from 60 mph within 150 ft on a clean dry surface.”
Braking Subsystem Specification «requirement» Anti-LockPerformance id=”337" text=”Braking subsystem shall prevent wheel lockup under all braking conditions.”
tf:
tl:
bf: f: F:
c m:
:Accelleration Equation [F = ma] a: a: v: v:
:BrakingForce Equation [f = (tf*bf)*(1-tl)]
VerifiedBy SatisfiedBy «interaction»MinimumStopp «block»Anti-LockController «deriveReqt» ingDistance
:DistanceEquation [v = dx/dt]
x:
:VelocityEquation [a = dv/dt]
«deriveReqt» «deriveReqt»
v.Position:
verify
Requirements
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Parametrics
Engineering Change Management
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Maintenance Plan Maintenance Requirements
System Usage
Maintenance Schedule
Maintenance Task Fault state definitions Maintenance Task Planning
Maintenance Analysis
Maintenance Task perfomance Actual Fault states
Types
LSAR
Change Management
Spare Parts Configuration As-maintained As-built
Individuals
Today’s focus
Design Requirements Design Configuration
Location Management Individual Configuration
Manufacturing BOM Design Analysis Domain Definitions (CAD, etc)
System Definition
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Item
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Item - Owner
Perfect Frame
OWNER
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Structure - Basic
Bike
Steering
Frame
Rear Wheel
Front Wheel
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Structure – View Based
Bike
Design
Steering Frame
Design
Rear Wheel Front Wheel
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Item - ID
Perfect Frame
123-123
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Item – Multiple ID
Fabulous Factory Inc Perfect Frame
ABC-ABC
123-123
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Item - Version
Fabulous Factory Inc Perfect Frame
ABC-ABC
123-123
A
1
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Item - Version 2
Total Transmission Perfect Frame
ABC-ABC
123-123
A
1
2
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Item - Views
ABC-ABC A 123-123 1
Manufacturing
Design
Assembly Instructions, ...
Weight = 12kg Color = Red ...
Height = 1234mm Length = 4321mm ...
Drawings, Specifications, ...
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Document
DOC-1 A1
ABC-ABC A 123-123 1
Weight = 12kg Color = Red ...
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Change Management - Design
Bike
Steering
Frame
Rear Wheel 1
Front Wheel
Something is wrong with the rear wheel!
Work Request
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Change Management - Design
Frame Proposed solution is stored with Planned effectivity Rear Wheel 1 Front Wheel Rear Wheel 2
INPUT OUTPUT
Create a proposal of the solution, e.g. new version of Rear Wheel.
Engineering Change Proposal
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Change Management - Design
Bike Frame Approved solution is stored with Actual effectivity Front Wheel Start: 2005-09-20
Promote proposal to an order!
Steering
Rear Wheel 1 Rear Wheel 2
Engineering Change Order
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Freezing
• Freezing is divided into two parts
– Freezing Structure – Freezing Definitions (prop, doc)
V 1.0 V 1.0 V 1.0
• Freezing can be done on individual views
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Baselining
• The baseline object can explicitly point out the complete structure contained in a baseline • Except baselining a structure, a baseline can contain all other business objects
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Freezing a Baseline
• The content of a baseline can be edited but the history of it is always kept • Baselines can be frozen to ensure that the specified information set can be re-called at all times. A frozen baseline can not be edited! • Enables work on ‘open’ structures
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A Standard Approach to Change Management for SysML
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Extended Lifecycle Scope
Requirements
Need Things
Systems Engineering Product RequirementsView Manufacturing Item Requirements View Support Item Requirements View
Functions
To Be Things
Systems Engineering Product FunctionalView Manufacturing Item FunctionalView Support Item Functional View
Designs
Type of Things
Design Engineering Product Design View Manufacturing Item Design View Support Item Design View
In-Production
Make Things
Production Product In-Production View Manufacturing Item In-Production View Support Item In-Production View
In-Service
Real Things
Product in Operation Product In-Service View Manufacturing Item In-Service View Support Item In-Service View
Manufacturing Engineering Manufacturing System Requirements View
Manufacturing Engineering Manufacturing System Functional View
Manufacturing Engineering Manufacturing System Design View
Building Manufact. System Manufacturing System In-Production View
Manufacturing System Manufacturing System In-Service View
Support Engineering Support System Requirements View
Support Engineering Support System Functional View
Support Engineering Support System Design View
Commission Support System Support System In-Production View
Support System Support System In-Service View
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Full Process View
Enterprise processes Enterprise Environment Management Systems Engineering processes Project processes Planning Assessment Control
Investment Management Risk Management
Process Guidelines
Decision making
System Life Cycle Process Management
Configuration Management
Information Management
Technical processes Resource Management Stakeholder Requirements Management Requirements Analysis Architectural Design
Quality Management
Integration Agreement processes Acquisition Operation Supply Maintenance
Implementation
Verification
Transition
Validation
Disposal
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Integrated Information View
Functions
To Be Things
Systems Engineering Product Requirements View Manufacturing Item Requirements Support Item View Requirements View Manufacturi ng Engineering Manufacturing System Requirements View Support Engineering Support System Requirements View Systems Engineering Product FunctionalVie w Manufacturing Item FunctionalVie Support Item w Functional View Manufacturi ng Engineering Manufacturing System Functional View Support Engineering Support System Functional View
Designs
Type of Things
Design Engineering Product Design View Manufacturing Item Design View Support Item Design View
In-Production
Make Things
Production Product In-Production View Manufacturing Item In-Production Support Item View In-Production View Building Manufact. System Manufacturing System In-Production View Commission Support System Support System In-Production View
In-Service
Real Things
Product in Operation Product In-Service View Manufacturing Item In-Service Support Item View In-Service View Manufacturi ng System Manufacturing System In-Service View Support System Support System In-Service View
Manufacturin g Engineering Manufacturing System Design View
Support Engineering Support System Design View
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AP233 is a neutral SE information model
SysML Database
Request Response
Other SE Database
Taxonomy
SE classes
References for added semantics
AP233 Data File
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SysML-AP233 Alignment
• INCOSE drove much AP233 and SysML standardization
– OMG for SysML – ISO TC184 SC4 Industrial Data for AP233
• AP233 and SysML teams worked together to align them • Aims include
– – – – Align SysML and AP233 models Provide meta-model mapping Provisions for an independent public domain SysML/AP233 API Set-up of data-exchange test-bed
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SE Tool Plug-fest
• The SE Tool Interoperability Plug-Fest
– SysML, AP233 and CADM testing capability from NIST and DoD's Systems and Software Engineering office
• Aims to support testing of SysML XMI and AP233 XML files
– Just getting started – http://syseng.nist.gov/se-interop/plugfest/
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AP233-PLCS Alignment
AP233
Classification V&V State Machines Function Diagrams Issue Management Risk Management Product Structure Change Management Approvals, Security, Status Requirements Management Activities Schedule APSI Support History Messaging Maintenance Support Tasks
PLCS
Organizations
They share a common core
Property
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Engineering Change Control V&V
AP233
Program Management
V1
Risk Management
V2
V3
SysML
Systems Structure/Behavior
bdd [package] VehicleStructure [ABS-Block Definition Diagram]
act PreventLockup [Activity Diagram]
Requirements
Parametrics
par [constraintBlock] StraightLineVehicleDynamics [Parametric Diagram] tf: tl: bf: f: F: c :Accelleration Equation [F = ma] a: a: :BrakingForce Equation [f = (tf*bf)*(1-tl)]
«block» Library:: Electronic Processor d1 «block» Traction Detector
«block» Anti-Lock Controller
«block» Library::Elec tro-Hydraulic Valve m1 «block» Brake Modulator
DetectLossOf Traction Modulate BrakingForce
TractionLoss :
:DistanceEquation [v = dx/dt] x:
v: v:
:VelocityEquation [a = dv/dt]
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CM Items in AP233
• In AP233, the CM Item concept is represented as “Product” or any of its subclasses • Specify SysML concepts that map to AP233 CM items • Implement SysML/AP233 software
– Convert the internal SysML data into A233 data maintaining reference to SysML data file itself
• AP233 allows reference to any type of data file
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AP233 Change Management Schema
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Use Change Management Tool
• In a tool that implements Engineering Change Management
– Import AP233 data into Item, Item Version, etc. – Check-in the SysML data file itself – Create link between SysML data file and related Item
• Use CM Tool to manage Work Requests, Change Proposal and Change Order as describe earlier
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Example Requirements Diagram
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Zooming in on the Requirements
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Example Block Definition Diagram
Generic Subsystems (Blocks)
Usage (role) Names
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Example Heat Exchanger Flow Ports
bdd [package] DistillerStructure [Structural Breakdown] «block» Fluid «block» Distiller values temp:ºC press:kg/m^2 «block» Heat values dQ/dt:cal/s
Constraints (on Ports)
hx1
bx1 f2Out:Fluid hIn:Fluid fIn:Fluid f1Out:Fluid «block» Boiler qIn:Heat
drain in:Fluid «block» Valve out:Fluid
«block» HeatExchanger cIn:Fluid constraints {cIn.temp <= 220} {cIn.press <= 150} {cOut.temp <= 220} {cOut.press <= 150} {hIn.temp <= 400} {hIn.press <= 1000} {hOut.temp <= 400} {hOut.press <= 1000}
hOut:Fluid
cOut:Fluid
Flow Ports (typed by things that flow) Generic Things That Flow (Blocks)
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Generic Subsystems (Blocks)
SysML Underlying Schema for Port
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Initial SysML Map to AP233 CM Item
SysML Views SysML Model SysML Package SysML Block SysML Requirement SysML State Machine SysML Ports SysML Use Case SysML Problem AP233 View AP233 Document AP233 System AP233 System AP233 Requirement AP233 State Based Behaviour AP233 Interface Connector AP233 Function Based Behaviour AP233 Work Request
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Conceptually merge AP233/SysML
SysML Port is a kind of Affected Item for AP233 Change Management
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Future integration approach
• ISO AP233 is modeled using the ISO EXPRESS information modeling language • ISO EXPRESS being submitted to OMG for standardization, called MEXICO project • Enables OMG Model Driven Architecture technologies to be applied to AP233 CM of SysML
– Tight, direct, standardized AP233/SysML alignment
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Issues for future work
• Working with multiple versions in SysML tools • More work required on other SysML diagrams (e.g. Parametrics) • Links between Items on diagrams and the SysML diagrams on which they appear in CM tools • Feedback into SysML tools from CM tools
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Conclusions
• ISO AP233 enables Engineering Change Management of significant aspects of SysML and other UML-based models
– Brings more rigour to SE processes
• However, there’s still plenty of work to be done • Proof-of-concept development underway using our Share-A-space product as collaboration and change management tool for MagicDraw SysML tool
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AP233 References
• DODAF/AP233 project site
– http://www.exff.org/ap233
• AP233 standards team site
– http://www.ap233.org
• Eurostep
– http://ap233.eurostep.com (kickoff Nov 07) – http://www.eurostep.com – http://www.share-a-space.com
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